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EP0418887B1 - Annular diffusor for steam turbines - Google Patents

Annular diffusor for steam turbines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0418887B1
EP0418887B1 EP19900118119 EP90118119A EP0418887B1 EP 0418887 B1 EP0418887 B1 EP 0418887B1 EP 19900118119 EP19900118119 EP 19900118119 EP 90118119 A EP90118119 A EP 90118119A EP 0418887 B1 EP0418887 B1 EP 0418887B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
annular
diffusor
chamber
mounting rim
gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19900118119
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0418887A1 (en
Inventor
Miroslav Stastny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SKODA KONCERN PLZEN
Skoda kp
Original Assignee
SKODA KONCERN PLZEN
Skoda kp
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Publication of EP0418887A1 publication Critical patent/EP0418887A1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a diffuser for the low pressure part of a steam turbine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Diffusers of this type are arranged downstream of the last working stage of the steam turbine for pressure recovery in order to ensure the uniform discharge of the relaxed steam.
  • the function of the diffusers can be improved by providing a gap for aspirating or blowing in a liquid medium, but this is associated with various problems.
  • suction gaps there is a complicated removal of the extracted steam into zones of low pressure and the desired mode of operation is only possible within a relatively narrow range of the amount of steam to be extracted.
  • the energy consumption required to extract the steam is disadvantageous.
  • the provision of blowing gaps leads to a complicated supply of steam and losses due to the energy required for blowing.
  • a guide vane arrangement for a steam turbine which is formed by the guide vanes and an outer mounting ring, an annular chamber provided in the mounting ring via inflow openings is connected to the interiors between the guide vanes and has outflow openings in its outer peripheral wall. Radial slots are provided in the side walls of the guide vanes for the condensate discharge into the annular chamber.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved circular diffuser for steam turbines that allows effective evacuation of relaxed exhaust steam and possibly condensate in a wide working range of the turbine with virtually no energy consumption with a simple structure and improved efficiency.
  • the diffuser formed from a ring of the last guide wheel, its guide vanes, an outer and an inner jacket contains an annular chamber in the ring of the last guide wheel above the guide vanes with gaps, which, according to the invention, is connected via channels to a peripheral collecting chamber which is between the front and is formed in the rear part of the outer casing and is connected to the free space of the expanded diffuser part via an injection gap provided on the inner surface of the outer casing.
  • the diffuser according to the invention ensures adequate removal of the condensate through the gaps in the hollow guide vanes and through the vertical gap from the space between the guide vanes and the rotor blades of the last stage.
  • the condensate is entrained by a steam component and, in addition to a noticeable reduction in blade erosion, this steam component is advantageously blown tangentially into the expanded part of the diffuser through the blowing gap.
  • Such a tangential injection reduces the area of flow separation on the outer wall of the diffuser and at the same time increases the output of the steam turbine.
  • a preferred embodiment of the diffuser according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawing, which shows a longitudinal section of the last stage of a steam turbine and the downstream diffuser.
  • the illustrated annular diffuser with blowing is made up of a ring 2 of the last guide wheel mounted in a body 01 of the LP part of the steam turbine, the guide vanes 1 fixed with their outer ends in the ring 2, an outer jacket 11 fastened to the end face of the ring 2, and one formed the front part of a guide element 13 forming the outer jacket.
  • a vertical gap 8 is provided between a fastening flange 31 on the guide element 13 of the outer casing and the end face of the ring 2.
  • the outer jacket 11 is fastened directly to the end face of the body 01 by means of an annular flange 30.
  • An annular collecting chamber 7 is provided in the end part 11 of the outer jacket and the outer surface of the guide element 13.
  • This annular chamber 5 is arranged in the ring 2 above the guide vanes 1, in each of which a long radial gap 3 is formed on the belly and several shorter gaps 4 on the back.
  • this steam water mixture mixes with the steam water mixture which flows via the gaps or grooves 3 and 4 on the two side surfaces of the guide vanes 1 into the annular chamber 5 and from there via the channels 6 into the collecting chamber 7.
  • the pressure of the steam continuously supplied through the gap 8 and the channels 6 displaces the steam from the collecting chamber 7 through the blow gap 10 into the outer peripheral region of the diffuser.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Diffusor für den Niederdruckteil einer Dampfturbine der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 angegebenen Gattung.The invention relates to a diffuser for the low pressure part of a steam turbine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Diffusoren werden zur Druckrückgewinnung der letzten Arbeitsstufe der Dampfturbine nachgeordnet, um die gleichförmige Abführung des entspannten Dampfes zu gewährleisten. Die Funktion der Diffusoren kann durch Vorsehen eines Spaltes zum Absaugen bzw. Einblasen eines Flüssigkeitsmediums verbessert werden, was jedoch mit verschiedenen Problemen verbunden ist. Bei Saugspalten ergibt sich eine komplizierte Abführung des abgesaugten Dampfes in Zonen von geringem Druck und die erwünschte Arbeitsweise ist lediglich innerhalb eines relativ engen Bereichs der abzusaugenden Dampfmenge möglich. Weiterhin ist der zum Absaugen des Dampfes benötigte Energieverbrauch nachteilig. Das Vorsehen von Einblasspalten führt zu einer komplizierten Dampfzufuhr und Verlusten durch die zum Einblasen notwendige Energie.Diffusers of this type are arranged downstream of the last working stage of the steam turbine for pressure recovery in order to ensure the uniform discharge of the relaxed steam. The function of the diffusers can be improved by providing a gap for aspirating or blowing in a liquid medium, but this is associated with various problems. In the case of suction gaps, there is a complicated removal of the extracted steam into zones of low pressure and the desired mode of operation is only possible within a relatively narrow range of the amount of steam to be extracted. Furthermore, the energy consumption required to extract the steam is disadvantageous. The provision of blowing gaps leads to a complicated supply of steam and losses due to the energy required for blowing.

Aus der US-A-3 318 077 ist eine Leitschaufelanordnung für eine Dampfturbine bekannt, die von den Leitschaufeln und einem äußeren Halterungskranz gebildet wird, wobei eine im Halterungskranz vorgesehene Ringkammer über Einströmöffnungen mit den Innenräumen zwischen den Leitschaufeln verbunden ist und in ihrer äußeren Umfangswand Abströmöffnungen aufweist. In den Seitenwänden der Leitschaufeln sind Radialschlitze zur Kondensatabführung in die Ringkammer vorgesehen.From US-A-3 318 077 a guide vane arrangement for a steam turbine is known, which is formed by the guide vanes and an outer mounting ring, an annular chamber provided in the mounting ring via inflow openings is connected to the interiors between the guide vanes and has outflow openings in its outer peripheral wall. Radial slots are provided in the side walls of the guide vanes for the condensate discharge into the annular chamber.

Ferner ist es z. B. aus der US-A-3 058 720 bekannt, zur verbesserten Druckrückffewinnung die letzte Turbinenstufe als Teil eines ringförmigen Diffusors auszubilden.Furthermore, it is e.g. B. from US-A-3 058 720 known to form the last turbine stage as part of an annular diffuser for improved pressure recovery.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen verbesserten kreisringförmigen Diffusor für Dampfturbinen zu schaffen, der bei einfachem Aufbau und verbessertem Wirkungsgrad eine wirksame Abführung von entspanntem Abdampf und ggf. Kondensat in einem weiten Arbeitsbeireich der Turbine praktisch ohne Energieverbrauch ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide an improved circular diffuser for steam turbines that allows effective evacuation of relaxed exhaust steam and possibly condensate in a wide working range of the turbine with virtually no energy consumption with a simple structure and improved efficiency.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1.

Der aus einem Kranz des letzten Leitrades, seinen Leitschaufeln, einem Außen- und einem Innenmantel gebildete Diffusor enthält im Kranz des letzten Leitrades über den Leitschaufeln mit Spalten eine Ringkammer, die erfindungsgemaß über Kanäle mit einer Umfangssammelkammer in Verbindung steht, welche zwischen dem Vorder- und dem Hinterteil des Außenmantels ausgebildet ist sowie über einen an deren Innenfläche des Außenmantels vorgesehenen Einblasspalt mit dem freien Raum des erweiterten Diffusorteils in Verbindung steht.The diffuser formed from a ring of the last guide wheel, its guide vanes, an outer and an inner jacket contains an annular chamber in the ring of the last guide wheel above the guide vanes with gaps, which, according to the invention, is connected via channels to a peripheral collecting chamber which is between the front and is formed in the rear part of the outer casing and is connected to the free space of the expanded diffuser part via an injection gap provided on the inner surface of the outer casing.

Der erfindungsgemäße Diffusor gewährleistet eine ausreichende Abfuhr des Kondensats durch die Spalte in den hohlen Leitschaufeln sowie durch den lotrechten Spalt aus dem Raum zwischen den Leit- und den Laufschaufeln der letzten Stufe. Das Kondensat wird durch einen Dampfanteil mitgerissen und außer einer spürbaren Herabsetzung der Schaufelerosion wird dieser Dampfanteil vorteilhaft tangential in den erweiterten Teil des Diffusors durch den Einblasspalt eingeblasen. Durch ein solches tangentiales Einblasen wird der Bereich der Strömungsablösung an der Außenwand des Diffusors vermindert und gleichzeitig die Leistung der Dampfturbine erhöht.The diffuser according to the invention ensures adequate removal of the condensate through the gaps in the hollow guide vanes and through the vertical gap from the space between the guide vanes and the rotor blades of the last stage. The condensate is entrained by a steam component and, in addition to a noticeable reduction in blade erosion, this steam component is advantageously blown tangentially into the expanded part of the diffuser through the blowing gap. Such a tangential injection reduces the area of flow separation on the outer wall of the diffuser and at the same time increases the output of the steam turbine.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Diffusors wird im folgenden anhand der schematischen Zeichnung näher erläutert, die einen Längsschnitt der letzten Stufe einer Dampfturbine und des nachgeordneten Diffusors zeigt.A preferred embodiment of the diffuser according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawing, which shows a longitudinal section of the last stage of a steam turbine and the downstream diffuser.

Der dargestellte kreisringförmige Diffusor mit Einblasen wird von einem Kranz 2 des letzten in einem Körper 01 des ND-Teils der Dampfturbine gelagerten Leitrads, den mit ihren Außenenden im Kranz 2 festgelegten Leitschaufeln 1, einem an der Stirnseite des Kranzes 2 befestigten Außenmantel 11 und aus einem den Vorderteil eines den Außenmantel bildenden Leitelement 13 gebildet. Zwischen einem Befestigungsflansch 31 am Leitelement 13 des Außenmantels und der Stirnseite des Kranzes 2 ist ein lotrechter Spalt 8 vorgesehen. Der Außenmantel 11 ist mittels eines Ringflansches 30 direkt an der Stirnseite des Körpers 01 befestigt. Zwischen der Innenfläche des etwa zylindrischen Endteils 11 des Außenmantels und der Außenfläche des Leitelements 13 ist eine kreisringförmige Sammelkammer 7 vorgesehen. In diese Sammelkammer 7 münden der Spalt 8 aus dem Zwischenradraum 14, ein Blasspalt 10 zwischen dem Außenmantel 11 und der Endkante des bogenförmigen Leitelements 13 sowie Kanäle 6 im Kranz 2, welche die Sammelkammer 7 mit einer Ringkammer 5 verbinden. Diese Ringkammer 5 ist im Kranz 2 über den Leitschaufeln 1 angeordnet, in denen je ein langer Radialspalt 3 am Bauch und mehrere kürzere Spalte 4 am Rücken ausgebildet sind.The illustrated annular diffuser with blowing is made up of a ring 2 of the last guide wheel mounted in a body 01 of the LP part of the steam turbine, the guide vanes 1 fixed with their outer ends in the ring 2, an outer jacket 11 fastened to the end face of the ring 2, and one formed the front part of a guide element 13 forming the outer jacket. A vertical gap 8 is provided between a fastening flange 31 on the guide element 13 of the outer casing and the end face of the ring 2. The outer jacket 11 is fastened directly to the end face of the body 01 by means of an annular flange 30. Between the inner surface of the approximately cylindrical An annular collecting chamber 7 is provided in the end part 11 of the outer jacket and the outer surface of the guide element 13. The gap 8 from the intermediate wheel space 14, a blow gap 10 between the outer jacket 11 and the end edge of the arcuate guide element 13 and channels 6 in the ring 2, which connect the collecting chamber 7 with an annular chamber 5, open into this collecting chamber 7. This annular chamber 5 is arranged in the ring 2 above the guide vanes 1, in each of which a long radial gap 3 is formed on the belly and several shorter gaps 4 on the back.

Während des Betriebs der Dampfturbine prallt ein größerer Kondensattröpfchen mitnehmender Dampfanteil auf die Leitschaufeln 1 auf und treibt die Tröpfchen in die rückseitigen Spalte 4 der Leitschaufeln 1 sowie in den vorderen Radialspalt 3. Ein weiterer Dampfanteil strömt durch das Schaufelgitter in den Zwischenradraum 14 und treibt die Laufschaufel 9 an, worauf er den vom Innenmantel 15 und den Innenflächen des Leitelements 13 des Außenmantels begrenzten Diffusor durchströmt. Kondensattröpfchen fließen an der Außenwand 12 des vom Zwischenraum 14 gebildeten Aktionskanals und werden zusammen mit einem Dampfanteil über den Spalt 8 und in die Sammelkammer 7 getrieben. Hier mischt sich dieses Dampfwassergemisch mit dem Dampfwassergemisch, das über die Spalte bzw. Nuten 3 und 4 an den beiden Seitenflächen der Leitschaufeln 1 in die Ringkammer 5 und daraus über die Kanäle 6 in die Sammelkammer 7 strömt. Der Druck des durch den Spalt 8 und die Kanäle 6 kontinuierlich zugeführten Dampfes verdrängt den Dampf aus der Sammelkammer 7 durch den Blasspalt 10 in den äußeren Umfangsbereich des Diffusors. Durch Beschleunigen der Strömung in diesem Bereich werden die Strömungsablösungen wesentlich vermindert, was den Wirkungsgrad des Diffusors und damit die Leistung der Dampfturbine erhöht.During the operation of the steam turbine, a larger portion of the condensate entraining vapor impinges on the guide vanes 1 and drives the droplets into the rear column 4 of the guide vanes 1 and into the front radial gap 3. Another steam portion flows through the vane grille into the intermediate wheel space 14 and drives the rotor blade 9, whereupon it flows through the diffuser delimited by the inner jacket 15 and the inner surfaces of the guide element 13 of the outer jacket. Condensate droplets flow on the outer wall 12 of the action channel formed by the intermediate space 14 and are driven together with a proportion of steam through the gap 8 and into the collecting chamber 7. Here, this steam water mixture mixes with the steam water mixture which flows via the gaps or grooves 3 and 4 on the two side surfaces of the guide vanes 1 into the annular chamber 5 and from there via the channels 6 into the collecting chamber 7. The pressure of the steam continuously supplied through the gap 8 and the channels 6 displaces the steam from the collecting chamber 7 through the blow gap 10 into the outer peripheral region of the diffuser. By accelerating the flow in this area, the flow separations significantly reduced, which increases the efficiency of the diffuser and thus the performance of the steam turbine.

Claims (6)

  1. Annular diffusor for steam turbines, formed by vanes (1), an outer mounting rim (2), an adjoining outer jacket (11) and an inner jacket (15), within the mounting rim (2) an annular chamber (5) communicating with the interior being provided comprising discharge openings for the vapour condensate mixture collected in said annular chamber,
    characterized in that
    the radially inwardly open annular chamber (5) communicates with an annular collecting chamber (7) via the discharge openings and passageways (6), which collecting chamber is disposed in the direction of flow behind the outer mounting rim (2) and terminates in the tangentially enlarged interior of the diffusor via a small annular gap (10) in the area of the outer jacket (11).
  2. Diffusor according to claim 1,
    characterized in that in the vanes (1) substantially radially extending gap-type recesses (3, 4) for the condensate discharge into the annular chamber (5) are provided.
  3. Diffusor according to claim 1 or claim 2,
    characterized in that, radially outwardly, the collection chamber is limited by a wall portion of the outer jacket (11), radially inwardly by a curved guiding element (13) and at the front end by the mounting rim (2).
  4. Diffusor according to one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that at its inflow end the collecting chamber (7) communicates with a space (14) between the last guide wheel (1) and the turbine wheel (9) arranged downstream thereof.
  5. Diffusor according to claim 4,
    characterized in that the radial inner surface of the mounting rim (2) limiting the space (14) in radially outward direction extends about conically in the direction of flow and changes over into the radial gap (8) on the mounting flange (31) of the guiding element (13).
  6. Diffusor according to one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that the passageways (6) connecting the annular chamber (5) to the collecting chamber (7) are disposed in the mounting rim (2) and consist of radial and axial sections.
EP19900118119 1989-09-20 1990-09-20 Annular diffusor for steam turbines Expired - Lifetime EP0418887B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS5359/89 1989-09-20
CS895359A CS275328B2 (en) 1989-09-20 1989-09-20 Annular diffuser for steam turbine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0418887A1 EP0418887A1 (en) 1991-03-27
EP0418887B1 true EP0418887B1 (en) 1994-03-16

Family

ID=5398355

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900118119 Expired - Lifetime EP0418887B1 (en) 1989-09-20 1990-09-20 Annular diffusor for steam turbines

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EP (1) EP0418887B1 (en)
CS (1) CS275328B2 (en)
DE (1) DE59005000D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5149248A (en) * 1991-01-10 1992-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Apparatus and method for adapting an enlarged flow guide to an existing steam turbine
US5257906A (en) * 1992-06-30 1993-11-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Exhaust system for a turbomachine
US5518366A (en) * 1994-06-13 1996-05-21 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Exhaust system for a turbomachine
US5494405A (en) * 1995-03-20 1996-02-27 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Method of modifying a steam turbine
DE19755982C2 (en) * 1997-12-17 2000-05-31 Abb Patent Gmbh Guide vanes for use in the wet steam area of a steam turbine
EP1561909A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2005-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Diffuser, turbomachine and method of recovery of pressure in a turbomachine.
DE102010064450B3 (en) * 2010-01-20 2015-01-08 Gardner Denver Deutschland Gmbh Relaxation turbine for the relaxation of gas
IN2015MN00039A (en) * 2012-07-11 2015-10-16 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Sys
EP3653850B1 (en) 2018-11-16 2021-09-29 Doosan Skoda Power S.r.o. Exhaust diffuser for a steam turbine and corresponding steam turbine

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3058720A (en) * 1960-11-10 1962-10-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Moisture removing apparatus for steam turbine or the like
US3318077A (en) * 1963-10-16 1967-05-09 Zd Y V I Plzen Narodni Podnik Device for removing water from the stages of steam turbines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CS535989A2 (en) 1991-04-11
DE59005000D1 (en) 1994-04-21
EP0418887A1 (en) 1991-03-27
CS275328B2 (en) 1992-02-19

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