EP0482533A2 - Sodium formate fluidized polymer suspensions - Google Patents
Sodium formate fluidized polymer suspensions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0482533A2 EP0482533A2 EP91117854A EP91117854A EP0482533A2 EP 0482533 A2 EP0482533 A2 EP 0482533A2 EP 91117854 A EP91117854 A EP 91117854A EP 91117854 A EP91117854 A EP 91117854A EP 0482533 A2 EP0482533 A2 EP 0482533A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- suspension
- sodium formate
- polymer
- hydrophobically modified
- hydroxyethylcellulose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 12
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- -1 i.e. Substances 0.000 description 4
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZBJVLWIYKOAYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-2-yl 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1 ZBJVLWIYKOAYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QMABNHIHLIULSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].OC=O QMABNHIHLIULSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/26—Cellulose ethers
- C08L1/28—Alkyl ethers
- C08L1/284—Alkyl ethers with hydroxylated hydrocarbon radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/26—Cellulose ethers
- C08J2301/28—Alkyl ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2371/02—Polyalkylene oxides
Definitions
- the invention relates to aqueous suspensions of nonionic polymers in a salt medium.
- the invention relates to the aqueous suspension of nonionic polymers in aqueous sodium formate.
- Sodium formate is a suspending salt for hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and derivatives thereof, e.g., hydrophobically modified ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, etc.
- xanthan gum is dissolved in water prior to the addition of sodium formate, then at least one nonionic polymer selected from the group of hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose or derived ethers is added to the aqueous xanthan/sodium formate solution to form a fluid suspension of the polymers.
- nonionic polymers for sodium formate suspension were hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and polyethylene oxide (PEO).
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- anionic or cationic cellulose ethers were satisfactorily suspended and neither were nonionic guar gum or polyacrylamide.
- the invention has industrial applicability in paint, construction materials, paper, mining, oil and gas recovery and other fields yet to be explored.
- the following examples illustrate the practice of the invention without being limiting.
- Fluidized polymer suspensions were prepared as in Example 1 except that the xanthan gum was not added and the nonionic polymers tested included hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methyl hydroxypropylcellulose all available from Aqualon, hydrophobically modified ethylhydroxyethylcellulose available from Berol Nobel as Bermocol® EHM 100, hydrophobically modified polymer available from Union Carbide Company as Cellosize® HEC SPATTER GUARD 100 and polyethylene oxide available as Polyox® 301 from Union Carbide.
- the nonionic polymers tested included hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methyl hydroxypropylcellulose all available from Aqualon, hydrophobically modified ethylhydroxyethylcellulose available from Berol Nobel as Bermocol® EHM 100, hydrophobically modified polymer available from Union Carbide Company as Cellosize® HEC SPATTER
- Example 2 The nonionic polymers of Example 2 were all prepared as fluidized polymer suspensions using from 0.10 to 0.20 parts by weight xanthan gum per 100 parts of total suspension as per the general procedure of Example 1. Suspensions stable for at least one month were obtained in all cases.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that water and sodium formate levels were varied in an attempt to prepare fluidized polymer suspensions with nonionic guar gum, polyacrylamide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and cationic hydroxyethylcellulose. Thick gels were obtained in all tests.
- Example 1 was repeated except that a salt believed to have similar properties was substituted for sodium formate. Only thick gels were obtained in test varying amounts and type of salt, water and polymer for the following salts: calcium formate, potassium formate, sodium acetate, potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
- Example 1 was repeated except that water and sodium formate ratios were varied as shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 Sodium Formate Water HEC Result 20 65 15 Thick Gel 25 60 15 Thick Gel 30 55 15 Fluid Suspension
- Table 1 illustrates the production of a fluid suspension in a concentrated sodium formate solution (30%), whereas 20% and 25% solution produced only an unsatisfactory gel.
- Example 6 was repeated except that 28g sodium formate was added to 57g water and 15g HEC added. A fluid suspension was obtained.
- the use of a combination of sodium formate with xanthan gum as a suspending agent for nonionic polymers is taught.
- the suspending agents can preferably be used for nonionic cellulose ethers, whereby ethers such as hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrophobically modified ethylhydroxyethylcellulose are especially preferred.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to aqueous suspensions of nonionic polymers in a salt medium. In particular, the invention relates to the aqueous suspension of nonionic polymers in aqueous sodium formate.
- U.S. Patent 4,883,536 "Suspension of Water Soluble Polymers in Aqueous Media Containing Dissolved Salts" and U.S. Patent 4,883,537 "Aqueous Suspension of Carboxymethylcellulose" both issued in the name of C. L. Burdick and assigned to the Aqualon Company teach that salts with divalent or trivalent anions are useful for suspension of cellulose ether derivatives. However, these and other references in the prior art gave no indication that a single monobasic acid salt would be similarly useful for fluidized polymer suspensions. Thus, it remained for the present invention to provide such an advance in the state of the art.
- It is an object of the invention to provide fluidized polymer suspensions for paint, paper, mining, construction and oil and gas recovery uses for nonionic cellulose ethers in water and salt; characterized in that the salt is sodium formate. Sodium formate is a suspending salt for hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and derivatives thereof, e.g., hydrophobically modified ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, etc.
- In a preferred process of the invention xanthan gum is dissolved in water prior to the addition of sodium formate, then at least one nonionic polymer selected from the group of hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose or derived ethers is added to the aqueous xanthan/sodium formate solution to form a fluid suspension of the polymers.
- In view of the success which had been achieved with aqueous polymer suspensions in carbonates, sulfates and phosphates; it was unexpected to discover that one and only one monobasic acid salt could provide such suspending benefit. Further it was found that a particular material, i.e., sodium formate, which was previously considered to be a low value byproduct, could actually provide such dramatic benefits in a before unknown application. Not only was sodium formate readily available, but the process of preparing fluidized polymer suspensions was less critical than previously experienced with multibasic acid salts.
- While other salts such as potassium formate, calcium formate and acetates and/or bicarbonates might be expected to function in the same manner as sodium formate, such was not the case in actual comparison tests for preparing fluid suspensions of 15 parts or more hydroxyethylcellulose in a total suspension composition of 100 parts.
Salt Salt Amount g Water g Natrosol 250GR Result Sodium Formate 30 55 15 Fluid Suspension Potassium Formate 30 55 15 Thick Gel Sodium Acetate 30 55 15 Thick Gel Calcium Formate 30 55 15 Thick Gel Potassium Bicarbonate 30 55 15 Thick Gel Sodium Bicarbonate 30 55 15 Thick Gel - In addition to the discovery of the unique behavior of sodium formate in relation to other monovalent anion salts, it was surprising to also discover that not all nonionic polymers could be suspended. Suitable nonionic polymers for sodium formate suspension were hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and polyethylene oxide (PEO). Neither anionic or cationic cellulose ethers were satisfactorily suspended and neither were nonionic guar gum or polyacrylamide.
- It was observed that the ability of sodium formate solutions in water to be an effective suspending medium for water soluble polymer was dependent upon a certain concentration of the sodium formate in water being present. It was found for example that greater than 30% sodium formate concentration in water was required to prepare a fluid suspension of hydroxyethylcellulose as shown in the following table:
Sodium Formate g Water g Result 20 65 Thick Gel 25 60 Thick Gel 30 55 Fluid Suspension - The following is a model fluid polymer suspension according to the invention in which the ingredients are listed in order of their addition to a mixing container.
Ingredient Parts By Weight Range Ideal Water 45-55 49.85 Xanthan Gum 0.10-0.20 0.15 Sodium Formate 28-35 30 Polymer 10-25 20 - While it is possible to suspend the polymer in just sodium formate, the suspension must be restirred periodically if no xanthan gum is incorporated as a suspension stabilizer. In this respect it was also surprising to find that xanthan gum was the most satisfactory agent for this purpose. Attempts to use other suspending agents such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), guar gum and sodium alginate were not as successful. However, in the case where the suspension is intended for use within a relatively short time after preparation, it would be possible to omit the xanthan gum and simply prepare a sodium formate solution and mix in the polymer to form a fluid suspension which could be employed in either a continuous or batch process.
- The invention has industrial applicability in paint, construction materials, paper, mining, oil and gas recovery and other fields yet to be explored. The following examples illustrate the practice of the invention without being limiting.
- Into 5485 g of deionized water stirred vigorously a 15 g portion of xanthan gum available from Kelco Inc. was added. Stirring continued for 30 minutes until a hazy, slightly viscous solution was obtained. Then 3000g, sodium formate available from Aqualon Company was added and allowed to dissolve. Finally, 1500 g of Aqualon Natrosol® 250GR hydroxyethylcellulose was added over 10-20 minutes to form a fluid suspension which had a Brookfield viscosity of 3000 mPa.s at 25°C. After one month the fluid suspension was again measured as having the same viscosity without any signs of settling.
- Portions of this sodium formate/xanthan/HEC fluid suspension can be successfully employed for the paint, paper coatings and construction applications described with prior art fluidized polymer suspensions in US 4,883,536 and 4,883,537 as well as Applicant's U.S. patent applications Ser. Nos. 429,195 and 508,355.
- Fluidized polymer suspensions were prepared as in Example 1 except that the xanthan gum was not added and the nonionic polymers tested included hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methyl hydroxypropylcellulose all available from Aqualon, hydrophobically modified ethylhydroxyethylcellulose available from Berol Nobel as Bermocol® EHM 100, hydrophobically modified polymer available from Union Carbide Company as Cellosize® HEC SPATTER GUARD 100 and polyethylene oxide available as Polyox® 301 from Union Carbide.
- In all cases it was possible to prepare fluidized polymer suspensions with Brookfield viscosities ranging from 1000 to 10,000 mPa.s at 25°C.
- Noticeable settling was observed after stirring was stopped in about 24 to 72 hours.
- The nonionic polymers of Example 2 were all prepared as fluidized polymer suspensions using from 0.10 to 0.20 parts by weight xanthan gum per 100 parts of total suspension as per the general procedure of Example 1. Suspensions stable for at least one month were obtained in all cases.
- The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that water and sodium formate levels were varied in an attempt to prepare fluidized polymer suspensions with nonionic guar gum, polyacrylamide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and cationic hydroxyethylcellulose. Thick gels were obtained in all tests.
- Example 1 was repeated except that a salt believed to have similar properties was substituted for sodium formate. Only thick gels were obtained in test varying amounts and type of salt, water and polymer for the following salts: calcium formate, potassium formate, sodium acetate, potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
- Example 1 was repeated except that water and sodium formate ratios were varied as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Sodium Formate Water HEC Result 20 65 15 Thick Gel 25 60 15 Thick Gel 30 55 15 Fluid Suspension - Table 1 illustrates the production of a fluid suspension in a concentrated sodium formate solution (30%), whereas 20% and 25% solution produced only an unsatisfactory gel.
- Example 6 was repeated except that 28g sodium formate was added to 57g water and 15g HEC added. A fluid suspension was obtained.
- This example illustrates that a minimum of 28% by weight sodium formate salt is required to prepare fluidized polymer suspensions according to the invention.
- In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention the use of a combination of sodium formate with xanthan gum as a suspending agent for nonionic polymers is taught. The suspending agents can preferably be used for nonionic cellulose ethers, whereby ethers such as hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrophobically modified ethylhydroxyethylcellulose are especially preferred.
Claims (10)
- A fluid suspension of a nonionic polymer in an aqueous salt solution, characterized in that the salt is sodium formate.
- The suspension of claim 1 where the polymer is one or more selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified cellulose ether, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose or polyethylene oxide.
- The suspension of claim 2 where xanthan gum is added as a suspending agent in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the total fluidized polymer suspension.
- The suspension of claim 3 where sodium formate comprises 28% by weight or higher.
- The suspension of claim 4 where the polymer comprises 15% by weight or higher.
- A process for preparing an aqueous fluidized suspension of a nonionic polymer in xanthan gum and sodium formate comprises the steps:(1) preparing a xanthan gum solution;(2) adding 28% by weight or more sodium formate, and(3) adding a nonionic polymer to prepare a fluidized polymer suspension which is stable for one month or longer.
- The process of claim 6 where 30% by weight sodium formate is added in step (2).
- The process of claim 7 where the polymer is hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified cellulose ether, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobically modified ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose or methylhydroxypropylcellulose.
- The suspension obtainable by a process according to any one of claims 6 to 8 containing xanthan gum as a stabilizing agent in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 % by weight based on the total weight of the fluidized polymer suspension.
- The use of a combination of sodium formate and xanthan gum as suspending agent for nonionic polymers.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US600745 | 1984-04-16 | ||
US60074590A | 1990-10-22 | 1990-10-22 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0482533A2 true EP0482533A2 (en) | 1992-04-29 |
EP0482533A3 EP0482533A3 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
EP0482533B1 EP0482533B1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
Family
ID=24404886
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91117854A Expired - Lifetime EP0482533B1 (en) | 1990-10-22 | 1991-10-18 | Sodium formate fluidized polymer suspensions |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0482533B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3153581B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE123788T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU644906B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2053656C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69110403T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2073090T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI106559B (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0659404A2 (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-06-28 | Aqualon Company | Fluid suspension of cellulosic polysaccharides for personal care and household applications |
EP0698647A1 (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1996-02-28 | Aqualon Company | Process for applying a covering to a substrate |
US5837864A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1998-11-17 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Method for producing a suspension in water of a cellulose ether, and dry mixture suitable for use in the production of the suspension |
US5898072A (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1999-04-27 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Aqueous suspension of a cellulose ether, method for the production thereof, and composition |
WO1999020698A1 (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 1999-04-29 | Hercules Incorporated | Fluidized polymer suspension of hydrophobically modified poly(acetal- or ketal-polyether), polyurethane and polyacrylate |
WO2000006631A1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-10 | Holderbank Financiere Glarus Ag | Method for producing a liquid additive on the basis of water-soluble, fine-grained polysaccharides, such as microbial or plant biopolymers and/or cellulose derivatives |
US6126868A (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 2000-10-03 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Light shielding device and shielding method |
US6639066B2 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2003-10-28 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Aqueous suspension of a cellulose ether, method for the production thereof, and a dry blend |
US8027021B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2011-09-27 | Nikon Corporation | Measuring apparatus and method, processing apparatus and method, pattern forming apparatus and method, exposure apparatus and method, and device manufacturing method |
US8054472B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2011-11-08 | Nikon Corporation | Pattern forming apparatus, mark detecting apparatus, exposure apparatus, pattern forming method, exposure method, and device manufacturing method |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP3963513B2 (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 2007-08-22 | 住友精化株式会社 | Aqueous polyalkylene oxide dispersion and process for producing the same |
GB0305079D0 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2003-04-09 | Mbt Holding Ag | Process |
DE10343090A1 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2005-04-14 | Henkel Kgaa | 2-component assembly adhesive with high initial adhesion |
WO2018008634A1 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-01-11 | 株式会社ファインクレイ | Cellulose viscous composition, production method therefor, and use thereof |
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- 1991-10-11 FI FI914817A patent/FI106559B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-10-17 CA CA002053656A patent/CA2053656C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-18 DE DE69110403T patent/DE69110403T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-18 ES ES91117854T patent/ES2073090T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-18 EP EP91117854A patent/EP0482533B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-18 AT AT91117854T patent/ATE123788T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-10-21 AU AU86020/91A patent/AU644906B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-10-22 JP JP27397591A patent/JP3153581B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0659404A3 (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1998-04-22 | Aqualon Company | Fluid suspension of cellulosic polysaccharides for personal care and household applications |
EP0659404A2 (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-06-28 | Aqualon Company | Fluid suspension of cellulosic polysaccharides for personal care and household applications |
US5898072A (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1999-04-27 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Aqueous suspension of a cellulose ether, method for the production thereof, and composition |
EP0698647A1 (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1996-02-28 | Aqualon Company | Process for applying a covering to a substrate |
US5837864A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1998-11-17 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Method for producing a suspension in water of a cellulose ether, and dry mixture suitable for use in the production of the suspension |
US6126868A (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 2000-10-03 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Light shielding device and shielding method |
US6433056B1 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 2002-08-13 | Hercules Incorporated | Fluidized polymer suspension of hydrophobically modified poly(acetal- or ketal-polyether) polyurethane and polyacrylate |
WO1999020698A1 (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 1999-04-29 | Hercules Incorporated | Fluidized polymer suspension of hydrophobically modified poly(acetal- or ketal-polyether), polyurethane and polyacrylate |
US6479573B2 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 2002-11-12 | Hercules Incorporated | Process for thickening an aqueous system |
WO2000006631A1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-10 | Holderbank Financiere Glarus Ag | Method for producing a liquid additive on the basis of water-soluble, fine-grained polysaccharides, such as microbial or plant biopolymers and/or cellulose derivatives |
US6639066B2 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2003-10-28 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Aqueous suspension of a cellulose ether, method for the production thereof, and a dry blend |
US8027021B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2011-09-27 | Nikon Corporation | Measuring apparatus and method, processing apparatus and method, pattern forming apparatus and method, exposure apparatus and method, and device manufacturing method |
US8054472B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2011-11-08 | Nikon Corporation | Pattern forming apparatus, mark detecting apparatus, exposure apparatus, pattern forming method, exposure method, and device manufacturing method |
US8854632B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2014-10-07 | Nikon Corporation | Pattern forming apparatus, mark detecting apparatus, exposure apparatus, pattern forming method, exposure method, and device manufacturing method |
US9423705B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2016-08-23 | Nikon Corporation | Pattern forming apparatus, mark detecting apparatus, exposure apparatus, pattern forming method, exposure method, and device manufacturing method |
US9857697B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2018-01-02 | Nikon Corporation | Pattern forming apparatus, mark detecting apparatus, exposure apparatus, pattern forming method, exposure method, and device manufacturing method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH04266945A (en) | 1992-09-22 |
EP0482533B1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
AU644906B2 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
CA2053656A1 (en) | 1992-04-23 |
FI106559B (en) | 2001-02-28 |
CA2053656C (en) | 2003-06-24 |
FI914817A (en) | 1992-04-23 |
EP0482533A3 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
ATE123788T1 (en) | 1995-06-15 |
AU8602091A (en) | 1992-04-30 |
FI914817A0 (en) | 1991-10-11 |
JP3153581B2 (en) | 2001-04-09 |
ES2073090T3 (en) | 1995-08-01 |
DE69110403D1 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
DE69110403T2 (en) | 1995-10-12 |
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