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EP0477966B1 - Hohlfaser-Stoffaustauschvorrichtung - Google Patents

Hohlfaser-Stoffaustauschvorrichtung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0477966B1
EP0477966B1 EP91116538A EP91116538A EP0477966B1 EP 0477966 B1 EP0477966 B1 EP 0477966B1 EP 91116538 A EP91116538 A EP 91116538A EP 91116538 A EP91116538 A EP 91116538A EP 0477966 B1 EP0477966 B1 EP 0477966B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
header
casing
mass
blood
hollow fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91116538A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0477966A1 (de
Inventor
Tsuyoshi Watanabe
Tetsuya Sanda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Terumo Corp
Original Assignee
Terumo Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2255056A external-priority patent/JPH07102308B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP9485891A external-priority patent/JPH04305229A/ja
Application filed by Terumo Corp filed Critical Terumo Corp
Publication of EP0477966A1 publication Critical patent/EP0477966A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0477966B1 publication Critical patent/EP0477966B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
    • B01D61/30—Accessories; Auxiliary operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/21—Specific headers, end caps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a hollow fiber mass transfer apparatus for use in, for example, dialysis, ultrafiltration, membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, gas-gas isolation, gas-liquid isolation, liquid-liquid isolation, solid-liquid isolation.
  • a hollow fiber mass transfer apparatus is disclosed in, for example, Published Examined Japanese Patent Application No. 63-52522 and has a casing in which a bundle of hollow fibers is arranged.
  • the bundle of the hollow fibers has its both opposite ends respectively held by partition members made of synthetic high polymer material and secured to both opposite ends of the casing.
  • the openings of the hollow fibers open at the outer surfaces of the partition members.
  • funnel-like headers are mounted on the opposite ends of the casing, for surrounding all the openings of the hollow fibers. That is, each header defines a space with each partition member therebetween.
  • the headers each have a large-diameter portion connected to a corresponding end of the casing, and a small-diameter portion to be connected to a first mass (e.g. blood) circulation circuit.
  • the casing has connecting portions to be connected to a second mass (e.g. dialyzing fluid) circulation circuit communicating with a space defined between the partition members, around the hollow fibers.
  • a deflected flow and stay of the first mass as described above is conspicuously found in a header in which the first mass circulation path is deflected from the axis of the header.
  • DE-A-3 711 695 and DE-A-3 144 552 disclose hollow fiber apparatus for the treatment of blood, having inlet headers presenting a shape such that the flow does not separate from the inner surface of the header, in order to avoid the formation of thrombus.
  • EP-A-0 001 736 describes a hollow fiber dialysis apparatus comprising a funnel-shaped inlet port consisting of a cup portion and a pipe portion. Said pipe portion being long enough to prevent blood from flowing in a direction deviating from the axis of the housing.
  • a hollow fiber mass transfer apparatus comprising: a casing having first and second end portions; a bundle of hollow fibers housed in the casing; first and second partition members holding the hollow fiber bundle at the first and second end portions of the casing, respectively, such that openings of the hollow fibers open at each of the outer end surfaces of the members.
  • a first funnel-like header fitted over the first end of the casing to surround all the openings of the hollow fibers at the first end of the casing comprises a first mass inlet port of a smaller diameter and a fitting portion of a larger diameter. The lower end of said fitting portion abuts against the first partition member.
  • a second funnel-like header fitted over the second end of the casing to surround all the openings of the hollow fibers at the second end of the casing comprises a first mass outlet port of a smaller diameter and a fitting portion of a larger diameter. The lower end of said latter fitting portion abuts against the second partition member.
  • Inlet and outlet means for a second mass are provided on the casing in communication with a space around the hollow fibers.
  • Said first mass inlet port has a frusto-conical inner surface and the condition 0.8 ⁇ H,D ⁇ 1.2 is satisfied, where D represents the inner diameter of the fitting portion of the first header, and H represents the height between the lower end of the fitting portion and the tip end of the first mass inlet port of the first header.
  • the route along the header height (H) which controls mass, introduced into the header, to flow in the axial direction thereof has a length such that said axial flow is free from the deflected flow or stay of the mass, and the inner surface of the first header has a tapered inner surface having a gradient ⁇ falling within a range of 1° to 7°, said tapered inner surface being connected to the frusto-conical surface of the first mass inlet port by a radiused portion bent outwardly.
  • the vertical angle ( ⁇ ) of the frusto-conical surface is 18° to 22°.
  • Fig. 1 shows an artificial kidney 10 to which the present invention is applied.
  • the kidney 10 comprises a generally hollow cylindrical casing 11, in which a bundle 13 of hollow fibers 12 are housed.
  • the bundle 13 is held at its both end portions by partition members 14 and 15 set at the both end portions of the casing 11.
  • the partitions 14 and 15 are made according to a conventional method by pouring a potting resin into both opposite end portions of the casing 11 and hardening it.
  • the partition members 14 and 15 hold the fiber bundle 13 such that opposite open ends of each hollow fiber open to the external end surfaces of the members 14 and 15.
  • Funnel-like headers 16 and 17 are fitted over the both opposite ends of the casing 11 by bonding or screwing, through sealing members 18 and 19 such as O-rings set in the recessed portions of the headers, respectively.
  • the headers 16 and 17 have fitting portions 16A and 17A, respectively, the ends of which abut against the partition members 14 and 15, respectively.
  • the headers 16 and 17 surround all the open ends of the hollow fibers 12 at the opposite ends of the casing 11, respectively.
  • the header 16 has a fitting portion 16A of a large diameter having an inner surface 16AS, with the lower end 16AE of the portion 16A abutting against the partition member 14 as shown in Fig. 1, and a frusto-conical portion 16B of a smaller diameter.
  • the height h of the fitting portion 16A is, usually, 2 to 5 mm.
  • the portion 16B constitutes a blood inlet port 21 (see Fig.1), to which a blood circulation circuit is to be connected, and the blood from the blood circulation circuit is introduced therefrom to flow through the interior of each hollow fiber 12.
  • the inner diameter d of the portion 16B at the tip end thereof is, usually 3 to 5 mm.
  • the inner surface of the header 16 is constituted by the inner surface 16AS of the portion 16A, a tapered surface 16T continuous with the inner surface 16AS, and the frusto-conical inner surface 16BS of the portion 16B, with an intermediate radiused surface 16R having a radius of curvature r which connects the tapered surface 16T and the frusto-conical surface 16BS.
  • the ratio H/D is set at 0.8 to 1.2, where H denotes the distance or height of the header 16 from the tip end of the portion 16B to the lower end 16AE of the portion 16A, and D denotes the inner diameter of the portion 16A.
  • the inner diameter D is, usually, 25 to 60 mm.
  • the gradient ⁇ of the tapered surface 16T is set at 1° to 7°, more preferably 2.5° to 5° and most preferably about 3° and the vertical angle ⁇ of the frusto-conical surface 16BS is 18° to 22°.
  • the header 17 also has a similar fitting portion 17A of a larger diameter, and a frustoconical portion 17B of a smaller diameter.
  • the portion 17B constitutes a blood outlet port 22 for allowing blood which has passed through the hollow fibers 12 to return to the blood circulating circuit. It is not necessary to subject the structure of the header 17 to the conditions set forth above with respect to the header 16, though the header 17 may have the same structure as the header 16.
  • a dialyzing fluid inlet port 23 is provided at that connecting portion 11A of the casing 11 which is located near the partition member 15, and communicates with the space surrounding the hollow fibers 12 within the casing 11.
  • a dialyzing fluid outlet port 24 is provided at that connecting portion 11B of the casing 11 which is located near the partition member 14, and communicates with the space surrounding the hollow fibers12.
  • the casing 11 and headers 16 and 17 are made of, e.g., hard synthetic resin such as polypropylene or polycarbonate.
  • the partition members 14 and 15 are made of, e.g., synthetic resin such as polyurethane or silicone.
  • the hollow fiber 12 is made of, e.g., regenerated cellulose in the case of an artificial kidney, while it is made of, e.g., polypropylene in the case of an artificial lung.
  • the fiber, i.e., the semipermeable membrane has an inner diameter of approx. 200 »m, and a thickness of approx. 9 - 15 »m.
  • the bundle 13 consists of, for example, 500 - 15,000 hollow fibers 12.
  • the present inventor has conducted experiments to obtain an artificial kidney exhibiting a good blood treatment performance by preventing deflected flow or stay of the blood in the header 16, thereby avoiding growth of a thrombus.
  • the experiments were carried out by using an artificial kidney of a shape as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the inner surface of the header 16 consists of a tapered portion 16T extending from the inner surface 16AS of the large-diameter fitting portion 16A, an intermediate portion extending from the tapered portion and bent outwardly with a predetermined curvature, and a frusto-conical portion 16BS extending substantially straight from the intermediate portion.
  • the inner diameter D of the large-diameter portion 16A and the distance H between the large-diameter portion 16A and small-diameter portion 16B were varied in the experiments.
  • a blood-circulation circuit was connected to the headers 16 and 17 of the artificial kidney 10, as is shown in Fig. 3.
  • reference numeral 30 designates a pump
  • reference numeral 31 a cattle blood container
  • reference numeral 32 a physiological saline solution container.
  • cattle blood was circulated for two hours through the blood-circulation circuit and a sample of the artificial kidney 10, using a header No. 1 shown in Table 1, which had been filled with a physiological saline solution. Then, the cattle blood was returned to the container by means of the saline solution.
  • a blood stay portion 100 may extend along the overall inner periphery of the large-diameter portion 16A, causing a thrombus.
  • the present inventor conducted similar experiments, by using the headers shown in Table 3 below (experiment 23 is in accordance with the present invention).
  • the cattle blood was flown under the conditions specified in Table 4 below with the results shown in Table 5.
  • the blood circulation time limit is the point at which the initial value of PBi (the pressure at the blood inlet side) is lowered by 6650 Pa (50 mmHg).
  • the blood can flow along the frusto-conical inner surface of the header 16 with uniform spreading toward the large opening into the hollow fibers.
  • ⁇ of 1 to 7 degrees the linear speed of the blood at the peripheral portion can be increased, with the result that the blood can flow into the hollow fibers without lowering flow rate of the blood at the peripheral portion.
  • the frusto-conical surface and the tapered portion 16T are extrapolated by the radiused portion 16R at the maximum radius of curvature r, the blood can flow more smoothly within the header 16 without deflected flow or stay of flow of the blood.
  • the hollow fiber mass transfer apparatus of the invention can provide a good mass treatment performance by preventing deflected flow or stay of first mass introduced into the header, thereby preventing occurrence of any deposits.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Hohlfaser-Stoffaustauschvorrichtung, umfassend ein Gehäuse (11), das einen ersten und einen zweiten Endabschnitt aufweist; ein Bündel (13) von Hohlfasern (12), das in dem Gehäuse untergebracht ist; erste und zweite Trennungselemente (14, 15), die das Hohlfaserbündel (13) am ersten bzw. zweiten Endabschnitt des Gehäuses derart halten, daß sich Öffnungen der Hohlfasern (12) an jeder der äußeren Endflächen der Elemente öffnen; ein erstes trichterartiges Kopfstück (16), das über dem ersten Ende des Gehäuses befestigt ist, so daß es sämtliche Öffnungen der Hohlfasern am ersten Ende des Gehäuses umschließt, und umfassend eine erste Stoffeinlaßöffnung (16B) mit kleinerem Durchmesser und einen Befestigungsabschnitt (16A) mit größerem Durchmesser, dessen unteres Ende (16AE) an das erste Trennungselement (14) angrenzt; ein zweites trichterartiges Kopfstück (17), das über dem zweiten Ende des Gehäuses befestigt ist, so daß es sämtliche Öffnungen der Hohlfasern am zweiten Ende des Gehäuses umschließt, und umfassend eine erste Stoffauslaßöffnung (17B) mit kleinerem Durchmesser und einen Befestigungsabschnitt (17A) mit größerem Durchmesser, dessen unteres Ende an das zweite Trennungselement angrenzt; und Einlaß- und Auslaßmittel (23, 24) für einen zweiten Stoff, die am Gehäuse in Verbindung mit einem Raum um die Hohlfasern vorgesehen sind; wobei die erste Stoffeinlaßöffnung eine kegelstumpfförmige Innenfläche (16BS) aufweist, wobei die Bedingung 0,8 ≦ H/D ≦ 1,2 erfüllt ist, wobei D den Innendurchmesser des Befestigungsabschnitts (16A) des ersten Kopfstücks (16) darstellt und H die Höhe zwischen dem unteren Ende (16AE) des Befestigungsabschnitts und dem äußersten Ende der ersten Stoffeinlaßöffnung (16B) des ersten Kopfstücks (16) darstellt, wobei die Strecke entlang der Kopfstückhöhe (H), die den in das Kopfstück eingeführten Stoff steuert, so daß er in dessen axialer Richtung strömt, eine Länge aufweist derart, daß die axiale Strömung frei von umgelenkter Strömung oder Stehenbleiben des Stoffes ist, und wobei die Innenfläche des ersten Kopfstücks eine sich verjüngende Innenfläche (16T) mit einer Steigung ϑ aufweist, die innerhalb eines Bereichs von 1° bis 7° abfällt, wobei die sich verjüngende Innenfläche (16T), die mit der kegelstumpfförmigen Fläche (16BS) der ersten Stoffeinlaßöffnung durch einen nach außen gebogenen, gerundeten Abschnitt (16R) verbunden ist.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vertikale Winkel (Φ) der kegelstumpfförmigen Fläche 18° bis 22° ist.
EP91116538A 1990-09-27 1991-09-27 Hohlfaser-Stoffaustauschvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0477966B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2255056A JPH07102308B2 (ja) 1990-09-27 1990-09-27 中空糸型物質移動装置
JP255056/90 1990-09-27
JP94858/91 1991-04-02
JP9485891A JPH04305229A (ja) 1991-04-02 1991-04-02 中空糸型物質移動装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0477966A1 EP0477966A1 (de) 1992-04-01
EP0477966B1 true EP0477966B1 (de) 1995-12-06

Family

ID=26436098

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91116538A Expired - Lifetime EP0477966B1 (de) 1990-09-27 1991-09-27 Hohlfaser-Stoffaustauschvorrichtung

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0477966B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69115204T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19714373C1 (de) * 1997-04-08 1998-04-30 Bio Lab Vertriebsgesellschaft Filter
DE59802340D1 (de) * 1997-04-08 2002-01-17 Bio Lab Vertriebsgmbh Filter mit einem in der verschlusskappe befindlichen strömungsleitkörper
EP2156881A1 (de) 2008-08-22 2010-02-24 Gambro Lundia AB Verteilungs- bzw. Filtrierungsvorrichtung
CH713995A2 (de) 2017-07-17 2019-01-31 Rieter Ag Maschf Reinigungsvorrichtung.

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3882024A (en) * 1974-04-19 1975-05-06 Dow Chemical Co Header for stagnation-sensitive liquids
US4201673A (en) * 1977-07-04 1980-05-06 Terumo Corporation Apparatus for dialysis of solution
DE3144552A1 (de) * 1981-11-10 1983-05-19 Sigdell, Jan-Erik, Dr., 4052 Basel Stroemungsangepasster dialysatordeckel
DE3144553A1 (de) * 1981-11-10 1983-05-19 Jan-Erik Dr. 4052 Basel Sigdell Stroemungsangepasster dialysatordeckel
JPS6163240U (de) * 1984-09-29 1986-04-28
EP0222032B1 (de) * 1985-11-11 1991-05-29 Senko Medical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Blutoxygenator
DE3711695A1 (de) * 1987-04-07 1988-10-27 Akzo Gmbh Verteilerkappe fuer eine einrichtung zur extrakorporalen behandlung von blut oder blutbestandteilen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69115204D1 (de) 1996-01-18
EP0477966A1 (de) 1992-04-01
DE69115204T2 (de) 1996-05-02

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