EP0462903B1 - Tube-like heat-exchanger for hot and cold fluids, with great differences of temperature and pressure - Google Patents
Tube-like heat-exchanger for hot and cold fluids, with great differences of temperature and pressure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0462903B1 EP0462903B1 EP19910401674 EP91401674A EP0462903B1 EP 0462903 B1 EP0462903 B1 EP 0462903B1 EP 19910401674 EP19910401674 EP 19910401674 EP 91401674 A EP91401674 A EP 91401674A EP 0462903 B1 EP0462903 B1 EP 0462903B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- flexible connection
- aforesaid
- annular part
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0236—Header boxes; End plates floating elements
- F28F9/0241—Header boxes; End plates floating elements floating end plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for cooling or reheating fluids in particular at high temperature, in particular for at least two fluids, respectively hot and cold, between which there are large differences in temperature and pressure respectively, of the substantially body type.
- cylindrical grille forming containing at least one bundle of straight fluid passage tubes, preferably of great length, fixed, at its opposite ends, respectively to two notably thin tubular plates connected by a calender, attached to at least one of the plates tubular by a flexible connection.
- One known means for this purpose consists in shaping the shell so as to form or incorporate therein, at any location along its longitudinal extent, at least one coaxial annular bellows for thermal expansion which absorbs the difference in total elongation between the shell and the tubes, which results from the pressure effect on the shell and on the tubes and the temperature difference between shell and tubes.
- at least one of the two tubular plates or each of them is provided with a flexible connection to the grille which can have any shape and this solution is particularly used when the construction comprises thin tubular plates supported by the tubes or by tie rods connecting them together or by both.
- the main object of the invention is to avoid or overcome these difficulties by reducing the deformation undergone by the part forming the expansion bellows or flexible connection when it is directly attached to one or to each of the two tubular plates.
- this technical problem is solved in accordance with the invention by the fact that between the aforementioned flexible connection, providing at least one or each of the two aforementioned two tubular plates, and the end adjacent to the grille is interposed a rigid coaxial annular piece of junction connected respectively to said grille and to said flexible connection, said annular piece projecting radially internally and of sufficient cross section to limit, on the one hand, the increase in diameter of the grille and, on the other hand, the displacement of the attachment point of the flexible connection on said annular part under the effect of internal pressure.
- this annular element has the effect of considerably reducing the stresses undergone by the flexible connection of the grille to the tube plate, this effect being all the more sensitive as the pressure exerted in the grille is higher and , incidentally, to decrease the stresses in the tube plate itself.
- This reduction in stresses, obtained by the presence of the abovementioned annular element makes it possible, under equal operating conditions, to build the device with longer tubes and therefore to reduce the cost thereof.
- the invention also makes it possible to use the type of heat exchanger with thin tubular plates flexibly connected to the shell forming a shell, under more severe conditions of use, that is to say at a pressure or difference of very important temperature.
- the presence of this part reduces the aforementioned disadvantageous effects by the fact that the annular part then has sufficient rigidity to considerably reduce the increase in diameter of the calender and also to reduce its shortening.
- the traction exerted by the pressure force applied to the lateral face of the internal shoulder formed by this annular piece which force induces a tension in the grille.
- the annular part, joining the radiator grille to one or to each of the two tubular plates have a mechanical resistance in particular to sufficient bending to constitute an assembly with a very rigid structure with respect to this tubular plate.
- the difference, between the internal radii of the grille respectively and of the annular part is approximately equal to the thickness of the aforementioned ferrule forming a grille while the thickness of said annular part (in the axial or longitudinal direction) is at least equal to twice the thickness of the corresponding tubular plate.
- the heat exchanger comprises a substantially circular hollow cylindrical body 1 forming a grille constituting its lateral enclosure wall defining the interior space 2 of the exchanger in which the one of the two heating or cooling fluids entering the shell through the inlet pipe 3 and leaving it through the outlet pipe 4 of the shell.
- the grille is connected, at its opposite ends, respectively to two relatively thin tubular plates 5 in which are fixed and which are traversed by substantially rectilinear tubes 6 extending through the interior space 2 and intended for the circulation of the other fluid in correlation of heat transmission with the first fluid which bathes these tubes constituting a tubular bundle.
- At least one of the two tubular plates 5 and, preferably, each of them is connected, at the neighboring end of the shell 1, by a peripheral part 7 constituting a flexible connection forming for example an expansion bellows or having a equivalent effect.
- the shell 1 is connected at its opposite ends respectively to each flexible connection 7 of the corresponding tube plate 5 by a coaxial annular element 8 much thicker radially than the shell 1 and much thicker longitudinally than the associated tube plate 5.
- Each annular element 8 is integral with or forms an integral part of the shell 1 forming a grille or is optionally attached thereto.
- Each annular element 8 constitutes a radially internal projection, for example in the form of a shoulder on the grille 1, having a substantially cylindrical configuration.
- Each annular element 8 is attached to the neighboring flexible connection 7 advantageously by welding or the like.
- the fluid, circulating in the tubes 6, is a hot gas at a temperature of 850 ° C. which is to be lowered to 400 ° C. by heat exchange with a liquid coolant which is water at a pressure of 130 bar, circulating in the shell 1.
- the tubes 6 have a length of 14 meters between the two tube plates 5.
- Each tube plate 5 has a thickness of 20 mm to 25 mm while the shell 1 has a thickness of 90 mm and each element or portion annular 8 has a radial height or thickness of 200 mm, therefore a radial projection of 110 mm and a thickness in the longitudinal direction of 100 mm.
- These dimensions are only indicative because they must be determined by a precise calculation of the stresses. They are in particular a function of the quality of the materials chosen which may be of different shades respectively for the radiator grille, each annular element, the tubular plates and the other component parts of the exchanger.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur pour le refroidissement ou le réchauffage de fluides en particulier à haute température, notamment pour au moins deux fluides respectivement chaud et froid entre lesquels existent de grandes différences respectivement de température et de pression, du type à corps sensiblement cylindrique formant calandre contenant au moins un faisceau de tubes droits de passage de fluide de préférence de grande longueur, fixé, à ses extrémités opposées, respectivement à deux plaques tubulaires notamment relativement minces reliées par une calandre, attachée à au moins l'une des plaques tubulaires par un raccordement flexible.The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for cooling or reheating fluids in particular at high temperature, in particular for at least two fluids, respectively hot and cold, between which there are large differences in temperature and pressure respectively, of the substantially body type. cylindrical grille forming containing at least one bundle of straight fluid passage tubes, preferably of great length, fixed, at its opposite ends, respectively to two notably thin tubular plates connected by a calender, attached to at least one of the plates tubular by a flexible connection.
Dans des échangeurs thermiques connus de ce genre par exemple par le FR-A-695 595, FR-A-2 253 999 ou US-A-4 434 840, lorsqu'il existe une grande différence de température entre le fluide circulant à l'intérieur des tubes et le fluide s'écoulant à l'intérieur de la calandre en baignant les tubes ainsi que dans le cas d'une grande différence de pression entre ces deux fluides, il se produit une différence d'allongement importante entre la calandre et les tubes, voire même un raccourcissement de la calandre et un allongement des tubes. A cause de la haute température du fluide s'écoulant dans les tubes, il se produit une dilatation différentielle entre ceux-ci et la calandre, qui contraint les plaques tubulaires et leur raccordement à la calandre.In known heat exchangers of this kind for example by FR-A-695,595, FR-A-2,253,999 or US-A-4,434,840, when there is a large temperature difference between the fluid circulating at l inside the tubes and the fluid flowing inside the calender by bathing the tubes so that in the case of a large pressure difference between these two fluids, there is a significant difference in elongation between the calender and the tubes, or even a shortening of the grille and an elongation of the tubes. Because of the high temperature of the fluid flowing in the tubes, there is a differential expansion between them and the shell, which forces the tube plates and their connection to the grille.
Lorsque l'échangeur de chaleur est soumis à la pression s'exerçant à l'intérieur de la calandre et aux températures de service, on constate les déformations mécaniques suivantes résultant de l'application des principes de la résistance des matériaux aux constructions en métal:
- la pression, exercée à l'intérieur de la calandre, créé une augmentation du diamètre de la calandre et un raccourcissement de sa longueur ; l'augmentation de diamètre accroît la contrainte de membrane dans la plaque tubulaire et dans son raccord à la calandre tandis que le raccourcissement accroît la différence d'allongement entre tubes et calandre et augmente donc les sollicitations exercées sur le raccordement entre plaques tubulaires et calandre ;
- la pression, à l'intérieur de la calandre, allonge les tubes par effet de flambement et, de ce fait, accroît les contraintes dans les plaques tubulaires et dans leur liaison à la calandre.
- the pressure, exerted inside the grille, creates an increase in the diameter of the grille and a shortening of its length; the increase in diameter increases the membrane stress in the tube plate and in its connection to the shell while the shortening increases the difference in elongation between tubes and shell and therefore increases the stresses exerted on the connection between tube sheets and shell;
- the pressure inside the shell lengthens the tubes by buckling effect and, therefore, increases the stresses in the tubular plates and in their connection to the shell.
Dans la technique antérieure, diverses solutions ont déjà été utilisées pour pallier ces inconvénients d'origine thermique et mécanique. Un moyen connu à cet effet consiste à façonner la calandre de façon à y former ou incorporer, en un emplacement quelconque de son étendue longitudinale, au moins un soufflet annulaire coaxial de dilatation thermique qui absorbe la différence d'allongement totale entre la calandre et les tubes, laquelle provient de l'effet de pression sur la calandre et sur les tubes et de la différence de température entre calandre et tubes. Dans une variante de calandre avec soufflet de dilatation, au moins l'une des deux plaques tubulaires ou chacune d'elles est pourvue d'un raccordement flexible à la calandre qui peut avoir une forme quelconque et cette solution est particulièrement employée quand la construction comprend des plaques tubulaires minces étayées par les tubes ou par des tirants les reliant entre elles ou par les deux.In the prior art, various solutions have already been used to overcome these drawbacks of thermal and mechanical origin. One known means for this purpose consists in shaping the shell so as to form or incorporate therein, at any location along its longitudinal extent, at least one coaxial annular bellows for thermal expansion which absorbs the difference in total elongation between the shell and the tubes, which results from the pressure effect on the shell and on the tubes and the temperature difference between shell and tubes. In a variant of grille with expansion bellows, at least one of the two tubular plates or each of them is provided with a flexible connection to the grille which can have any shape and this solution is particularly used when the construction comprises thin tubular plates supported by the tubes or by tie rods connecting them together or by both.
Ce système à soufflet de dilatation ou sa variante de réalisation précitée, qui permet de résister à de plus hautes pressions, est limité en pratique et ne peut s'appliquer aux échangeurs de chaleur qui fonctionnent avec de grands allongements différentiels entre les tubes et la calandre sans entraîner de très importants surcoûts causés par ses grandes dimensions.This expansion bellows system or its aforementioned variant embodiment, which makes it possible to withstand higher pressures, is limited in practice and cannot be applied to heat exchangers which operate with large differential elongations between the tubes and the shell. without causing very significant additional costs caused by its large dimensions.
L'invention a principalement pour but d'éviter ou de surmonter ces difficultés en diminuant la déformation subie par la partie formant le soufflet de dilatation ou raccordement flexible lorsqu'elle est directement attachée à l'une ou à chacune des deux plaques tubulaires.The main object of the invention is to avoid or overcome these difficulties by reducing the deformation undergone by the part forming the expansion bellows or flexible connection when it is directly attached to one or to each of the two tubular plates.
Dans un échangeur de chaleur du type mentionné au début, ce problème technique est résolu conformément à l'invention par le fait qu'entre le raccordement flexible précité, munissant au moins l'une ou chacune des deux plaques tubulaires précitées, et l'extrémité adjacente de la calandre est interposée une pièce annulaire coaxiale rigide de jonction reliée respectivement à ladite calandre et audit raccordement flexible, ladite pièce annulaire étant en saillie radialement interne et de section suffisante pour limiter au maximum, d'une part, l'accroissement du diamètre de la calandre et, d'autre part, le déplacement du point d'attache du raccordement flexible sur ladite pièce annulaire sous l'effet de la pression interne.In a heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the start, this technical problem is solved in accordance with the invention by the fact that between the aforementioned flexible connection, providing at least one or each of the two aforementioned two tubular plates, and the end adjacent to the grille is interposed a rigid coaxial annular piece of junction connected respectively to said grille and to said flexible connection, said annular piece projecting radially internally and of sufficient cross section to limit, on the one hand, the increase in diameter of the grille and, on the other hand, the displacement of the attachment point of the flexible connection on said annular part under the effect of internal pressure.
La présence de cet élément annulaire a pour effet de diminuer considérablement les contraintes subies par le raccordement flexible de la calandre à la plaque tubulaire, cet effet étant d'autant plus sensible que la pression, s'exerçant dans la calandre, est plus élevée et, accessoirement, de décroître les contraintes dans la plaque tubulaire elle-même. Cette réduction des contraintes, obtenue par la présence de l'élément annulaire précité, permet, à conditions de service égales, de construire l'appareil avec des tubes plus longs donc d'en réduire le coût. L'invention permet aussi d'utiliser le type d'échangeur thermique à plaques tubulaires minces raccordées de manière flexible à la virole formant calandre, dans des conditions d'utilisation plus sévères, c'est-à-dire à une pression ou différence de température très importante.The presence of this annular element has the effect of considerably reducing the stresses undergone by the flexible connection of the grille to the tube plate, this effect being all the more sensitive as the pressure exerted in the grille is higher and , incidentally, to decrease the stresses in the tube plate itself. This reduction in stresses, obtained by the presence of the abovementioned annular element, makes it possible, under equal operating conditions, to build the device with longer tubes and therefore to reduce the cost thereof. The invention also makes it possible to use the type of heat exchanger with thin tubular plates flexibly connected to the shell forming a shell, under more severe conditions of use, that is to say at a pressure or difference of very important temperature.
En donnant des dimensions convenables à la pièce annulaire précitée, la présence de cette pièce diminue les effets désavantageux précités par le fait que la pièce annulaire présente alors une rigidité suffisante pour réduire considérablement l'augmentation de diamètre de la calandre et également pour réduire son raccourcissement par la traction exercée par la force de pression appliquée sur la face latérale de l'épaulement interne formé par cette pièce annulaire, laquelle force induit une tension dans la calandre.By giving suitable dimensions to the abovementioned annular part, the presence of this part reduces the aforementioned disadvantageous effects by the fact that the annular part then has sufficient rigidity to considerably reduce the increase in diameter of the calender and also to reduce its shortening. by the traction exerted by the pressure force applied to the lateral face of the internal shoulder formed by this annular piece, which force induces a tension in the grille.
Il est important que la pièce annulaire, joignant la calandre à l'une ou à chacune des deux plaques tubulaires, ait une résistance mécanique notamment à la flexion suffisante pour constituer un ensemble à structure très rigide par rapport à cette plaque tubulaire. A cet effet et selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la différence, entre les rayons intérieurs respectivement de la calandre et de la pièce annulaire, est égale environ à l'épaisseur de la virole précitée formant calandre tandis que l'épaisseur de ladite pièce annulaire (en direction axiale ou longitudinale) est au moins égale au double de l'épaisseur de la plaque tubulaire correspondante.It is important that the annular part, joining the radiator grille to one or to each of the two tubular plates, have a mechanical resistance in particular to sufficient bending to constitute an assembly with a very rigid structure with respect to this tubular plate. For this purpose and according to another characteristic of the invention, the difference, between the internal radii of the grille respectively and of the annular part, is approximately equal to the thickness of the aforementioned ferrule forming a grille while the thickness of said annular part (in the axial or longitudinal direction) is at least equal to twice the thickness of the corresponding tubular plate.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description explicative qui va suivre en se reportant au dessin schématique annexé donné uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif illustrant un mode de réalisation spécifique actuellement préféré de l'invention et dans lequel la figure unique représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un échangeur de chaleur conforme à l'invention.The invention will be better understood and other objects and advantages thereof will appear more clearly on reading the explanatory description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing given solely by way of nonlimiting example illustrating a mode of currently preferred specific embodiment of the invention and in which the single figure shows a longitudinal sectional view of a heat exchanger according to the invention.
Par souci de simplification, on a omis de représenter, sur la figure du dessin, le couvercle ou fond normalement prévu à l'une des extrémités de l'échangeur thermique, la boîte de circulation à l'extrémité opposée de l'échangeur de chaleur, avec les tubulures respectivement d'entrée et de sortie du fluide destiné à circuler dans les tubes, les chicanes à l'intérieur de la calandre.For the sake of simplicity, we have omitted to represent, in the figure of the drawing, the cover or bottom normally provided at one of the ends of the heat exchanger, the circulation box at the opposite end of the heat exchanger , with the respective inlet and outlet pipes of the fluid intended to circulate in the tubes, the baffles inside the grille.
Selon l'exemple de réalisation de l'invention représenté, l'échangeur de chaleur comprend un corps sensiblement cylindrique circulaire creux 1 formant calandre constituant sa paroi latérale d'enceinte délimitant l'espace intérieur 2 de l'échangeur dans lequel doit circuler l'un des deux fluides chauffant ou refroidisseur pénétrant dans la calandre par la tubulure d'entrée 3 et la quittant par la tubulure de sortie 4 de la calandre. La calandre est reliée, à ses extrémités opposées, respectivement à deux plaques tubulaires relativement minces 5 dans lesquelles sont fixés et qui sont traversées par des tubes sensiblement rectilignes 6 s'étendant à travers l'espace intérieur 2 et destinés à la circulation de l'autre fluide en corrélation de transmission calorifique avec le premier fluide qui baigne ces tubes constituant un faisceau tubulaire.According to the embodiment of the invention shown, the heat exchanger comprises a substantially circular hollow cylindrical body 1 forming a grille constituting its lateral enclosure wall defining the interior space 2 of the exchanger in which the one of the two heating or cooling fluids entering the shell through the
Au moins l'une des deux plaques tubulaires 5 et, de préférence, chacune d'elles est reliée, à l'extrémité voisine de la calandre 1, par une partie périphérique 7 constituant un raccordement flexible formant par exemple soufflet de dilatation ou ayant un effet équivalent.At least one of the two tubular plates 5 and, preferably, each of them is connected, at the neighboring end of the shell 1, by a peripheral part 7 constituting a flexible connection forming for example an expansion bellows or having a equivalent effect.
La calandre 1 est reliée à ses extrémités opposées respectivement à chaque raccordement flexible 7 de la plaque tubulaire correspondante 5 par un élément annulaire coaxial 8 beaucoup plus épais radialement que la calandre 1 et beaucoup plus épais longitudinalement que la plaque tubulaire associée 5.The shell 1 is connected at its opposite ends respectively to each flexible connection 7 of the corresponding tube plate 5 by a coaxial
Chaque élément annulaire 8 est solidaire ou fait partie intégrante de la virole 1 formant calandre ou est éventuellement rapporté sur celle-ci. Chaque élément annulaire 8 constitue une saillie radialement interne par exemple en forme d'épaulement sur la calandre 1 en présentant une configuration sensiblement cylindrique.Each
Chaque élément annulaire 8 est attaché au raccordement flexible voisin 7 avantageusement par soudage ou analogue.Each
A titre de simple exemple non restrictif, le fluide, circulant dans les tubes 6, est un gaz chaud à une température de 850°C qui est à abaisser à 400°C par échange thermique avec un fluide refroidisseur liquide qui est de l'eau à une pression de 130 bar, circulant dans la calandre 1. Les tubes 6 ont une longueur de 14 mètres entre les deux plaques tubulaires 5. Chaque plaque tubulaire 5 a une épaisseur de 20 mm à 25 mm tandis que la calandre 1 a une épaisseur de 90 mm et chaque élément ou portion annulaire 8 a une hauteur ou épaisseur radiale de 200 mm donc une saillie radiale de 110 mm et une épaisseur en direction longitudinale de 100 mm. Ces dimensions ne sont qu'indicatives car elles doivent être déterminées par un calcul précis des contraintes. Elles sont notamment fonction de la qualité des matériaux choisis qui peuvent être de nuances différentes respectivement pour la calandre, chaque élément annulaire, les plaques tubulaires et les autres parties composantes de l'échangeur.By way of a simple non-restrictive example, the fluid, circulating in the tubes 6, is a hot gas at a temperature of 850 ° C. which is to be lowered to 400 ° C. by heat exchange with a liquid coolant which is water at a pressure of 130 bar, circulating in the shell 1. The tubes 6 have a length of 14 meters between the two tube plates 5. Each tube plate 5 has a thickness of 20 mm to 25 mm while the shell 1 has a thickness of 90 mm and each element or portion annular 8 has a radial height or thickness of 200 mm, therefore a radial projection of 110 mm and a thickness in the longitudinal direction of 100 mm. These dimensions are only indicative because they must be determined by a precise calculation of the stresses. They are in particular a function of the quality of the materials chosen which may be of different shades respectively for the radiator grille, each annular element, the tubular plates and the other component parts of the exchanger.
Claims (3)
- Heat exchanger with a substantially cylindrical body forming a shell (1) containing at least one nest of straight fluid passageway tubes (6) fastened at its opposite ends to two tube sheets (5), respectively, connected to the said shell (1) which is attached to at least one of the tube sheets by a flexible connection (7), characterized in that between the said flexible connection (7) and the adjacent end of the said shell (1) is interposed a rigid coaxial annular junction part (8) connected to the said shell (1) and to the said flexible connection (7), respectively, the said annular part forming a radially internal projection and having a section sufficient to limit to the maximum on the one hand the increase of the diameter of the shell (1) and on the other hand the displacement of the point of attachment of the flexible connection (7) onto the said annular part (8) under the effect of the internal pressure.
- Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the difference between the internal radii of the aforesaid shell (1) and of the aforesaid annular part (8), respectively, is approximately equal to the thickness of the said shell (1) whereas the thickness of the said annular part (8) in the longitudinal or axial direction is at least equal to twice the thickness of the corresponding tube sheet (5).
- Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each aforesaid annular part (3) is made fast to or forms an integral part of the aforesaid shell (1) and is fastened by welding to the aforesaid neighbouring flexible connection (7).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9007800 | 1990-06-21 | ||
| FR9007800A FR2663724B1 (en) | 1990-06-21 | 1990-06-21 | TUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER FOR RESPECTIVELY HOT AND COLD FLUIDS WITH LARGE DIFFERENCES IN RESPECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0462903A1 EP0462903A1 (en) | 1991-12-27 |
| EP0462903B1 true EP0462903B1 (en) | 1993-10-27 |
Family
ID=9397881
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19910401674 Expired - Lifetime EP0462903B1 (en) | 1990-06-21 | 1991-06-20 | Tube-like heat-exchanger for hot and cold fluids, with great differences of temperature and pressure |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0462903B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69100557T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0462903T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2052342T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2663724B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR695595A (en) * | 1930-05-14 | 1930-12-18 | Foster Wheeler Sa | Improvement to steam condensers by surface |
| US2720259A (en) * | 1950-04-14 | 1955-10-11 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Co | Gas venting of heat exchangers |
| GB1488349A (en) * | 1974-11-29 | 1977-10-12 | Haldor Topsoe As | Heat exchange apparatus |
| US4157114A (en) * | 1977-08-22 | 1979-06-05 | Lorenzo John F De | Tubesheet with a thermal sleeve |
| FR2415790A1 (en) * | 1978-01-27 | 1979-08-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Heat exchanger with outer chamber and inner tubes - joined by a tube plate with a flexible part to reduce thermal stresses |
| US4434840A (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1984-03-06 | O'donnell & Associates Inc. | Expansion joint for reactor or heat exchanger |
-
1990
- 1990-06-21 FR FR9007800A patent/FR2663724B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-06-20 ES ES91401674T patent/ES2052342T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-20 EP EP19910401674 patent/EP0462903B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-20 DE DE1991600557 patent/DE69100557T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-20 DK DK91401674T patent/DK0462903T3/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2663724B1 (en) | 1992-10-16 |
| DE69100557T2 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
| DK0462903T3 (en) | 1994-03-21 |
| FR2663724A1 (en) | 1991-12-27 |
| EP0462903A1 (en) | 1991-12-27 |
| ES2052342T3 (en) | 1994-07-01 |
| DE69100557D1 (en) | 1993-12-02 |
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