EP0453773B1 - Wrecking device - Google Patents

Abstract

A wrecking device for wrecking and comminuting, in particular, reinforced concrete consists of two hydraulically driven jaws (7, 8) cooperating in the manner of shears, of which one has at least two and the other at least three working strips (15-21) equipped with breaking teeth, said working strips all being arranged parallel next to one another and interlocking alternately with one another in the closed position. For efficient comminution of concrete, provision is made, in the jaw (8) with the largest number of working strips, for the two outer working strips (18, 21) to lie in a common plane perpendicularly to the closing movement, whereas the intermediate working strips (19, 20) are set back with respect to the closing movement. Furthermore, the reinforcement can be removed from reinforced concrete without problems and in the same working stroke by the fact that on the sides, facing one another in the closed position, of at least two adjacent working strips (16, 19) of the two jaws (7, 8), there are arranged between the breaking teeth (22, 23) cutting tools (31, 32) which are set back relative to the breaking teeth in the direction of the closing movement and move past one another in a shearing manner towards the end of the closing movement. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a demolition device for breaking and crushing, in particular, reinforced concrete, consisting of two scissor-like interacting, hydraulically driven jaws, one of which has at least two, the other at least three working bars with crushing teeth, all of which are arranged parallel to one another and alternately in the closed position intermesh, the two outer ones lying in a common plane perpendicular to the closing movement when baking with the larger number of working strips, while the intermediate working strips are set back with respect to the closing movement.

Demolition devices of the aforementioned construction are primarily used directly on site to demolish any type of structure, technical systems, etc. As far as the demolition of structures made of reinforced concrete or the dismantling of reinforced concrete parts, special requirements are placed on such demolition equipment, since reinforced concrete is a very heterogeneous material made of extremely hard aggregates, Cement and steel reinforcement is. While the steel reinforcement can be separated comparatively easily with scissors, the concrete has to be reduced primarily by sheer compressive forces. The compressive forces must be applied in an order of magnitude above the compressive strength of the concrete. This crushing of the concrete must also take place before the steel reinforcement is exposed and can be separated.

In practice, two types of equipment are known, one of which - also known as a concrete biter - is only suitable for crushing concrete, while the other is used to separate the steel reinforcement. Concrete biters, which therefore have to exert primarily high compressive forces on the concrete surface, have crushing teeth running either longitudinally or transversely to the jaws (DE-A-33 42 305, WO 88/03213). The breaking teeth on the two jaws work against each other, i.e. they lie one on top of the other in the closed position of the jaws. The compressive forces are thus applied directly between the opposing crushing teeth on the surface of the concrete and the concrete is essentially destroyed by surface pressure. Therefore, an attempt is made to expose the steel reinforcement as much as possible. Devices of similar construction are then used to separate the steel reinforcement, but their jaws are equipped with cutting tools (DE-A-27 22 258, DE-A-36 23 061). The jaws or the cutting tools attached to them are arranged with respect to one another in such a way that when the jaws are closed they shear past each other and cut the reinforcement by means of a cutting movement.

In addition, combined devices are known which are set up both for crushing the concrete and for separating the reinforcement. In such a device, as shown in US-A-4 838 493, of the preamble of claim 1, two hydraulically driven jaws are available, which are connected to each other at a scissors joint and interact like scissors. The upper three of the jaws are equipped with break teeth and the lower four have corresponding work bars. The work strips are arranged parallel to each other and alternately interlock when the jaws are closed. In the lower jaw, the two outer work strips and the two inner work strips each lie in a common plane, the inner work strips being set back in the direction of the closing movement. The jaws are used particularly for breaking and crushing concrete. In order to also be able to cut the steel reinforcement contained in the concrete, incisors are arranged in the area of the jaws close to the scissors joint, which shear past each other.

This combined demolition device has the advantage that only one device is required for the entire demolition work, but this has the disadvantage that the crushing of concrete and the cutting of steel must be carried out one after the other. First the concrete is crushed with the crushing teeth so that the then exposed reinforcement can be inserted into the relatively narrow opening of the cutting tools. Because the cutting edges of the cutting tools are relatively short, it is difficult to grasp the steel reinforcement and cut it properly. In addition, the demolition device has the disadvantage that the cutting edges are arranged relatively close to the scissor joint, as a result of which the lever is short and therefore the cutting force is comparatively low. When the concrete breaks, there is also the danger that fragments of concrete get between the cutting tools, as a result of which the cutting edges of the cutting tools can become blunt relatively quickly.

The invention has for its object to provide a demolition device of the type mentioned, with which both crushing and cutting materials is possible in a simple manner.

This object is achieved by a demolition device, which is characterized in that cutting tools are arranged on the sides facing each other in the closed position of at least two adjacent work bars of the two jaws between the crushing teeth, which are set back in the direction of the closing movement with respect to the crushing teeth and towards the end of the closing movement, shearing past each other.

In this way, it is possible to both crush the concrete, crush the steel walls and cut through the steel reinforcement in one operation, whereby the entire working length of the jaws is also available for cutting through the arrangement of the cutting tools between the crushing teeth stands. After a concrete part has been gripped and the jaws closed, the jaws of the jaws come into contact with the concrete and break it. The cutting teeth are still out of function due to their back offset in the direction of the closing movement, which at the same time ensures that the cutting edges are largely protected against direct action on the concrete. With a further movement of the jaws, the concrete is essentially completely crushed, so that the steel reinforcement is largely exposed. At the end of the closing movement, the cutting tools come into operation, which can easily cut through the exposed steel. This is both a quick and effective breaking of reinforced concrete structures and a crushing of reinforced concrete components possible.

It is provided that when baking with the larger number of work strips, the two outer ones lie in a common plane perpendicular to the closing movement, while the intermediate working strips are set back with respect to the closing movement. Because of this design, the crushing teeth lie in different planes perpendicular to the closing movement of the jaws and are consequently effective at different times. First, the two outer work bars on the jaw with the greater number of work bars take effect together with the work bars on the other jaw. Considerable bending forces build up on the component to be broken off or comminuted, which lead to breakage. If the work bars on the jaws with the smaller number have passed the outer work bars of the other jaw, the inner work bars and therefore primarily pressure forces become effective. So it is a multi-stage breaking process through combined bending and compressive forces.

In a preferred embodiment, the one jaw has three, the other jaws four work strips, of which the two middle ones are set back, while in the other jaw the middle work strip is set ahead of the two outer ones.

In this embodiment, the breaking teeth on the two outer working strips of one jaw and the breaking teeth of the middle working strip on the other jaw are effective. When closing further, the middle part of the area of the demolition material lying between the jaws is stressed, namely between the middle bar of one jaw and the two inner work bars of the other jaw. At the same time, the outer parts of the area between the jaws are acted upon between the outer working strips of both jaws. With the inventive design, a quick and effective crushing of concrete is possible.

The cutting tools are preferably arranged on the middle of the three working bars of one jaw and on one of the two middle working bars of the other jaw, so that the cutting tools only become effective when all of the breaking teeth have become effective. This is the best way to protect the cutting tools against the concrete.

It is usually sufficient to cut the steel reinforcement in the work area of the jaws only at one point. If necessary, however, the cutting tools can also be provided on the mutually facing sides of all work strips.

A further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the breaking teeth on the working bars of at least one jaw are pointed and a rounded depression is arranged between the flanks of adjacent breaking teeth of these working bars, and that the effective shear edge of the cutting tools roughly affects the deepest point of the depression.

The pointed design of the crushing teeth on the one hand and the rounded recesses arranged between adjacent crushing teeth result in the essential advantage that the steel reinforcement - after the crushing teeth have become effective - along the tooth flanks into the rounded ones Wells are pushed and there is necessarily detected by the cutting tools. In particular, it is not possible for the steel reinforcement to be clamped between the crushing teeth and thus only bent or even the jaws blocked.

This is further supported by the fact that the breaking teeth have roughly linear breaking edges transverse to the direction of movement of the jaws with tooth flanks falling off on both sides.

The breaking teeth inevitably displace the steel reinforcement outwards into the recesses on the one jaw, so that controlled cutting conditions are available, as with special scissors.

The crushing teeth are advantageously arranged interchangeably on the work bars. For example, it can be provided that the crushing teeth rest with a back facing the work bar, a flat abutment on the work bar and have at least one guide part engaging in a recess on the abutment of the work bar, by means of which they are fastened to the work bar.

In this way, the crushing teeth are positioned correctly on the one hand, and on the other hand, the forces from the crushing tooth are introduced across the entire surface of the jaws. In contrast to the usual build-up welding of the crushing teeth onto the jaws of the demolition device, the crushing teeth can be easily replaced with the corresponding wear in the embodiment according to the invention.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the cutting tools are also interchangeably arranged on the work strips, to be able to replace them when worn. The design is preferably such that the cutting tools are designed as square cutting plates which are fastened in their center to the work strips and whose all edges form sheared edges.

In this embodiment, the cutting tools are designed in the manner of indexable inserts. All of the longitudinal edges on both sides of the cutting plates act as shaving edges, so that each side has four shearing edges, that is to say the cutting plate has a total of eight shearing edges. The shaving edges on one side become effective one after the other simply by turning the cutting plate, while after turning the cutting plate the shaving edges on the other side can be used.

The cutting inserts are preferably arranged recessed in the working strips so that on the one hand they can be positioned correctly and on the other hand they can better absorb the forces.

In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the crushing teeth are arranged so that the common plane of the crushing edges of the crushing teeth of opposing work bars does not intersect the axis of the scissor joint.

This results in a larger maximum jaw width for a certain working stroke of the hydraulic drive cylinder of the jaws. It is also ensured that all material between the jaws is broken open or separated in the outer area. For this reason, an identical arrangement is also provided with regard to the shear edges of the cutting tools.

The common plane of the breaking edges of the breaking teeth and the shearing edges of the cutting tools on opposite working strips is preferably offset in the same direction with respect to the axis of the scissors joint.

A design that is particularly favorable in terms of design and strength is characterized in that the work strips are braced at their inner end with the interposition of spacer rings on an axle bolt of the scissor joint of the jaws and are rigidly connected to one another at their outer end by a connecting strip.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the stability is further improved in that the work strips are approximately triangular in shape, the scissor joint being arranged in the region of one, the connecting strip in the region of another and a further connecting piece in the region of the third corner.

As already indicated at the beginning, the jaws of the demolition device are driven hydraulically. An advantageous embodiment provides that in the region of the third corner of one jaw a hydraulic cylinder engages, which is supported on an extension having the other jaws and extending beyond the scissor joint.

The extension of the jaw is expediently designed as a housing and is set up for connection to the arm of an excavator.

This design gives the possibility that the hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the housing so that its piston rod lies within the same in any position, and that the hydraulic supply takes place via the piston rod.

This design has the advantage that the most sensitive functional part of the demolition device, namely the piston rod, is always protected in the housing and cannot be damaged by external forces, falling parts or the like. Because the jaws are not driven from the bucket tilting cylinder, the demolition device can assume any position with respect to the dipper stick, so that the demolition device can attack at any point on the structure, in particular on-site, even without precise starting of the excavator.

The same purpose serves the further embodiment, according to which a rotary connection and a rotary motor is provided between the housing and the arm of the excavator, the turning axis of which is approximately perpendicular to the axis of the scissor joint.

The demolition device can therefore be rotated in any position in relation to the excavator's dipper stick to enable an effective attack on the structure or component.

Figur 1

eine Seitenansicht des Abbruchgerätes bei geöffneten Backen;

Figur 2

eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Seitenansicht in der Schließstellung der Backen;

Figur 3

eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils 3 gemäß Fig. 2 und

Figur 4

einen Schnitt IV-IV gemäß Fig. 3.

The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:

Figure 1

a side view of the demolition device with open jaws;

Figure 2

1 corresponding side view in the closed position of the jaws;

Figure 3

a view in the direction of arrow 3 of FIG. 2 and

Figure 4

a section IV-IV of FIG. 3rd

The demolition device according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has a housing 1, which is formed from two side walls 3 and a wall connecting them on the side 2 and is open on the side opposite the side 2. On the upper part of the housing 1, a connecting part 4 is arranged via a rotary connection, in which a rotary motor 5 is arranged for rotating the demolition device about the axis 6.

The demolition device has two jaws 7, 8, which are essentially triangular. The jaw 8 is rigidly connected to the housing 1, while the other jaw 7 is articulated to a scissor bearing 9. A hydraulic cylinder 10, which is mounted in the housing 1 at 11 and acts via a joint 12 on an arm 13, which in turn is connected to the jaw 7, serves as the drive for the jaw 7. The jaws 7 can be pivoted from the open position shown in FIG. 1 into the closed position according to FIG. 2 by means of the hydraulic cylinder 10. During this movement, the piston rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 10 is always inside the housing 1 by the hydraulic cylinder 10 engaging the joint 12. The hydraulic supply takes place in the area of the bearing 11 via corresponding channels in the piston rod 14.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the pivotable jaw 7 has three parallel working strips 15, 16 and 17, and the fixed jaw 8 has four parallel working strips 18, 19, 20 and 21. All work strips are equipped with a plurality of crushing teeth 22 and 23 arranged one behind the other in the direction of extension of the jaws. The crushing teeth 22 of the jaw 7 and the crushing teeth 23 of the jaw 8 each lie on common radii with respect to the pivot bearing 9, so that they act directly against one another during the closing movement. In the embodiment shown, the crushing teeth are triangular and have a cutting edge 24 running perpendicular to the plane of movement of the jaws 7, 8, from which the flanks 25 drop towards the jaw. The triangular breaking teeth are interchangeably arranged on the jaws. For this purpose, they have a guide part 26, with which they engage in a recess in the jaw and are fixed by a transverse bolt 27. In this position, the triangular teeth are supported with their flat back 28 on a correspondingly flat abutment 29 on the jaws.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the breaking teeth 22 on the jaws 7 and the breaking teeth 23 on the jaws 8 are not arranged with their cutting edges in the same plane. The breaking teeth 23 on the two outer working strips 18 and 21 of the jaw 8 lie in one plane, while the breaking teeth 23 on the two intermediate working strips 19, 20 are set back. Conversely, the breaking teeth 22 on the middle working bar 16 of the jaw 7 are offset from the breaking teeth 22 of the two outer working bars 15, 17 of this jaw. During the closing movement, the breaking teeth 22 on the middle working bar 16 of the jaw 7 and the breaking teeth 23 on the two outer working bars 18, 21 of the jaw 8 are effective first. The component clamped between the jaws is therefore subjected to pressure and bending. When closing further, the middle area of the clamped component between the middle work bar 16 of the jaw 7 and the two middle work bars 19, 20 of the jaw 8 is stressed, while in the outer area the breaking teeth on the outer work bars 15, 17 and 18, 21 of both Baking take effect.

The work strips 15, 16, 17 of one jaw 7 and the work strips 18-21 on the jaw 8 are on the one hand on the pivot bearing 9 clamped together via spacer rings, while they are rigidly connected to one another at the outer end via connecting strips 49. The work strips are, as already indicated, triangular and in the area of the third corner at 30 again clamped together by means of a bolt and spacer rings passing through a sieve.

The middle work bar 16 on the jaw 7 and one of the middle work bars on the jaw 8 - in the exemplary embodiment shown, the work bar 19 - are equipped with cutting tools 31, 32 which are designed as square cutting plates. The cutting plates 31, 32 are recessed into corresponding recesses on the work strips 16 and 19 and fixed by means of a releasable fastening means 33. Each edge 34 of each cutting tool 31, 32 forms a shear edge, so that a total of eight shear edges are available by turning the cutting plates 31, 32 and by turning.

The cutting tools 31, 32 are, as I said, arranged on the middle work strips 16 and 19, which thus become effective when the jaws 7, 8 are closed. They sit on the mutually facing sides of the two work strips below the breaking teeth 22 and 23.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the shear edges 34 of the cutting tools 31 on the work bar 16 of the jaw 7 practically form the tooth base between the breaking teeth 22. The tooth base therefore runs linearly. On the opposite jaw 8, on the other hand, rounded recesses 35 adjoin the flanks 25 of the crushing teeth 23. The cutting tools 32 on the work bar 19 of the jaw 8 touch the recess 35 at their deepest point with their shear edge 34. When closing the jaws 7, 8 is first the concrete between the jaws is broken and crushed. The reinforcement, which is not to be crushed by the breaking teeth 22 and 23, is displaced towards the end of the closing movements by the flanks 25 of the breaking teeth 22, 23 into the recesses 35 and is effectively detected and separated there by the shear edges 34 of the cutting tools 31, 32.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 2 and 4, the common plane of the effective shear edges 34 of the cutting tools 31, 32 is eccentric to the pivot bearing 9. Likewise, the common planes of the breaking teeth 22, 23 of the various work strips are also eccentrically offset on the same side Location to the pivot bearing 9.

Claims (21)

1. Demolition device for the demolition and crushing of in particular steel concrete, comprising two hydraulically operated jaws (7,8) cooperating in shear-like manner, whereof one (7) has at least two and the other (8) at least three working ledges occupied by breaking teeth, which are all juxtaposed and alternately interengaged in the closed position and in the case of the jaw (8) with the larger number of working ledges (18-21), the two outer ledges (18,21) are in a common plane perpendicular to the closing movement, whereas the intermediate working ledges (19,20) are set back with respect to the closing movement, characterized in that on the sides, facing one another in the closed position, of at least two juxtaposed working ledges (16,19) of the two jaws (7,9) cutting tools (31,32) are placed between the breaking teeth (22,23) and are set back with respect to the cutting teeth in the direction of the closing movement and towards the end of the closing movement move passed one another in shearing manner.
2. Demolition device according to claim 1, characterized in that one jaw (7) has three working ledges (15-17) and the other jaw (8) four working ledges (18-21), whereof the two central ledges (19,20) are set back, whereas in the case of the other jaw (7) the central working ledge (16) is positioned forward of the two outer ledges (15,17).
3. Demolition device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cutting tools (31,32) are located on the central (16) of the three working ledges (15-17) of one jaw (7) and on one (19) of the two central working ledges of the other jaw (8).
4. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that cutting tools are located on the facing sides of all the working ledges (15-17,18-21).
5. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized In that the breaking teeth (22,23) on the working ledges (15-17,18-21) of at least one jaw (7 or 8) are pointed and between the sides (25) of adjacent breaking teeth (23) of said working ledges is provided a rounded depression (35), and that the active shearing edge (34) of the cutting tools (31,32) between said breaking teeth (23) is roughly tangent to the lowest point of the depression.
6. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that transversely to the movement direction of the jaws (7,8), the breaking teeth (22,23) have roughly linearly directed breaking edges (24) with tooth sides (25) dropping to either side.
7. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the breaking teeth (22,23) are replaceably located on the working ledges (15-17,18-21).
8. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the breaking teeth (22,23) with a back (28) facing the working ledge (15-17,18-21) engage on a flat abutment (29) on the working ledge and have at least one guide part (26) engaging in a depression on the abutment of the working ledge by means of which they are fixed to the latter.
9. Demolition device according to claim 8, characterized in that the breaking teeth (22,23) are fixed by means of the working ledge (15-17,18-21) and bolts (27) passing through the guide part (26).
10. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cutting tools (31,32) are replaceably located on the working ledges (16,19).
11. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the cutting tools (31,32) are constructed as square cutting plates, which are fixed in their centre to the working ledges (16,19) and whereof all the edges form shearing edges (34).
12. Demolition device according to claim 7, characterized in that the cutting plates (31,32) are arranged in countersunk manner in the working ledges (16,19).
13. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the breaking teeth (22,23) are so arranged that the common plane of the breaking edges (24) of the breaking teeth of facing working ledges (15-17,18-21) does not intersect the axis of the shear joint (9).
14. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the common plane of the operating shearing edges (34) of the cutting tools (31,32) of facing working ledges (15-17,18-21) does not intersect the axis of the shear joint (9).
15. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the common plane of the breaking edges (24) of the breaking teeth (22,23) and the shearing edges (34) of the cutting tools (31,32) on the facing working ledges (15-17, 18-21) are displaced in the same direction with respect to the axis of the shear joint (9).
16. Demolition device according to any one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the working ledges (15-17,18-21) are braced at their inner end, accompanied by the interposing of spacing rings, on a king pin of the shear joint (9) of the joints (7,8) and are rigidly interconnected at the outer end by a connecting strip (49).
17. Demolition device according to claim 16, characterized in that the working ledges (15-17,18-21) are approximately triangular, the shear joint (9) being located in the vicinity of one angle, the connecting strip (49) in the vicinity of a further angle and another connecting piece (30) in the vicinity of the third angle.
18. Demolition device according to claim 17, characterized in that in the vicinity of the third angle of one jaw (7) acts a hydraulic cylinder (10), which is supported on an extension extending over and beyond the shear joint (9) having the other jaw.
19. Demolition device according to claim 18, characterized in that the extension of the jaw (8) is constructed as a casing (1) and is used for connection to the shovel stick of an excavator.
20. Demolition device according to claim 19, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder (10) is placed in the casing in such a way that its piston rod (14) is within the same in all positions and that there is a hydraulic supply by means of the piston rod.
21. Demolition device according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that between the casing (1) and the shovel stick of the excavator is provided a rotary connection and a rotating motor (5), whose rotation axis (6) is approximately perpendicular to the axis of the shear joint (9).

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