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EP0451628A1 - Choke-coil/transformer combination for operating high pressure metal vapor lamps of vehicle electrical systems - Google Patents

Choke-coil/transformer combination for operating high pressure metal vapor lamps of vehicle electrical systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0451628A1
EP0451628A1 EP91104904A EP91104904A EP0451628A1 EP 0451628 A1 EP0451628 A1 EP 0451628A1 EP 91104904 A EP91104904 A EP 91104904A EP 91104904 A EP91104904 A EP 91104904A EP 0451628 A1 EP0451628 A1 EP 0451628A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
choke
coil
vehicle electrical
electrical systems
pressure metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91104904A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Uwe Ing.Grad Hartmann
Paul Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Grohs
Roman Dipl.-Ing. Fh Schichl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vogt Electronic AG
Original Assignee
Vogt Electronic AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vogt Electronic AG filed Critical Vogt Electronic AG
Publication of EP0451628A1 publication Critical patent/EP0451628A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F37/00—Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/10—Single-phase transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/08—High-leakage transformers or inductances
    • H01F38/10—Ballasts, e.g. for discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a choke / transformer combination according to the introductory part of patent claim 1.
  • MHD lamps require voltages for ignition and operation that are significantly higher than the voltage of vehicle electrical systems, e.g. of motor vehicles and the like. Accordingly, it is necessary to first transform the vehicle electrical system voltage to the required level using a switching power supply.
  • ballast for the operation of an MHD lamp, a ballast (resonance) choke is also required, which keeps the lamp's burning current constant and which, in the resonant state, emits the required ignition voltage.
  • the combustion current is usually low frequency while the ignition voltage is generated at high frequency.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a structure that optimally meets the aforementioned requirement. This object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1.
  • the cores of both inductors namely the choke and the transformer, are combined into an overall core, the respective magnetic fluxes canceling one another at least partially, since the working frequency of both inductors is the same.
  • the sum of the flows results in other magnetic cross sections with the same induction, and two legs can be omitted (FIG. 5), which in addition to the desired reduction in dimensions also means a price reduction.
  • 1 shows the prior art.
  • 1 is the switching power supply transformer in the usual design as a flux converter without an air gap in the core
  • 2 represents the ballast (resonance) choke in a special design according to the as yet unpublished EP patent application 91103237.3 of March 4, 1991.
  • series (resonance) chokes with a coil body, the winding base of which is cylindrical and engage in the core leg sections, which are short from both ends, leaving a cylindrical air gap in the coil body.
  • Such a choke design inside the coil body is also suitable for the structure according to the invention, even if the basic design according to the EP patent application requires a particularly small volume.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the throttle 2 according to FIG. 1, in which the core 3 is composed of two U-core halves 3a to form a frame core.
  • the winding base 4a of the coil former 4 practically encloses an air gap 5 between the upper and lower transverse legs of the core 3, the cross-sectional area A in the region of the coil former 4 being reduced from the air into the ferrite of the core 3 in the region of the field line exit from the air and the latter cross-sectional area B is so large that the associated induction just does not bring the ferrite into saturation.
  • the shear caused by the air gap 5 is so great here that the core 3 can be completely dispensed with a middle leg.
  • the ferrite core 3 consists only of the two-part frame, which increases the permeability and bundles the outer field lines, thereby creating a magnetic shielding function is achieved.
  • the aforementioned EP patent application also includes an embodiment of the throttle, in which the mid-leg sections shown in FIG. 3 are integrally connected to the rest of the core.
  • Such a design of the choke in the region of the coil body is also suitable in principle for the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows the throttle according to FIG. 3 in cross section along the section line IV-IV in FIG. 3.
  • the coil body 4 is expediently constructed using chamber technology, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the cross-sectional area enclosed by the coil former base 4a preferably decreases continuously from the ends of the air gap 5 towards the center thereof. It is particularly advantageous if the cross-sectional decrease is adapted to the course of the field lines.
  • 5 shows an embodiment of the combination of choke and transformer according to the invention.
  • 6 is the one composed of two E-shaped parts Combination core, which has a laterally offset center leg 7, which is enclosed by the transformer windings 8.
  • the ballast (resonance) choke is attached, which is designed here in principle according to FIG. 2 and does not require a central core.
  • the magnetic fluxes are shown in FIG. 6, from which it can be seen that they partially compensate each other.
  • ⁇ F is the flux of the flux converter
  • ⁇ S is the flux of the ballast (resonance) choke. It can thus be seen that the resulting fluxes in leg 7 decrease, ie the magnetic cross-section can be reduced, while in legs 10 they add up, which can be compensated for by a higher magnetic cross-section. In the combination according to the invention, practically two legs are omitted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

An inductor/transformer combination for operating high-pressure metal-vapour lamps in vehicle electrical systems is described, which has only a single magnetic core 6.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Drossel/Transformator-Kombination gemäß dem einleitenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a choke / transformer combination according to the introductory part of patent claim 1.

MHD-Lampen benötigen für die Zündung und für den Betrieb Spannungen, die wesentlich über der Spannung von Bordnetzen, z.B. von Kfz und dergleichen, liegen. Demzufolge ist es erforderlich, die Bordnetzspannung mittels eines Schaltnetzteils zunächst auf die erforderliche Höhe zu transformieren.MHD lamps require voltages for ignition and operation that are significantly higher than the voltage of vehicle electrical systems, e.g. of motor vehicles and the like. Accordingly, it is necessary to first transform the vehicle electrical system voltage to the required level using a switching power supply.

Für den Betrieb einer MHD-Lampe ist außerdem eine Vorschalt-(Resonanz)-Drossel erforderlich, die den Brennstrom der Lampe konstant hält und die im Resonanzzustand die erforderliche Zündspannung abgibt. Der Brennstrom ist gewöhnlich niederfrequent, während die Zündspannung mit Hochfrequenz erzeugt wird.For the operation of an MHD lamp, a ballast (resonance) choke is also required, which keeps the lamp's burning current constant and which, in the resonant state, emits the required ignition voltage. The combustion current is usually low frequency while the ignition voltage is generated at high frequency.

Aus räumlichen Gründen ist es nun erforderlich, die für den Transformator und die Drossel notwendigen Induktivitäten so klein wie möglich auszugestalten.For spatial reasons, it is now necessary to make the inductances necessary for the transformer and the choke as small as possible.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Aufbau zu schaffen, der die vorgenannte Forderung optimal erfüllt. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The invention has for its object to provide a structure that optimally meets the aforementioned requirement. This object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Drossel/Transformator-Kombination sind die Kerne beider Induktivitäten, nämlich der Drossel und des Transformators, in einen Gesamtkern zusammengefaßt, wobei die jeweiligen magnetischen Flüsse sich gegenseitig zumindest teilweise aufheben, da die Arbeitsfrequenz beider Induktivitäten die gleiche ist. Durch die Summe der Flüsse ergeben sich bei gleicher Induktion andere magnetische Querschnitte, und es können zwei Schenkel entfallen (Fig.5), was neben der angestrebten Verkleinerung der Abmessungen auch einer Preisreduzierung gleichkommt.In the choke / transformer combination according to the invention, the cores of both inductors, namely the choke and the transformer, are combined into an overall core, the respective magnetic fluxes canceling one another at least partially, since the working frequency of both inductors is the same. The sum of the flows results in other magnetic cross sections with the same induction, and two legs can be omitted (FIG. 5), which in addition to the desired reduction in dimensions also means a price reduction.

In der Fig. 1 ist der Stand der Technik dargestellt. Hierbei ist 1 der Schaltnetzteil-Transformator im üblichen Aufbau als Flußwandler ohne Luftspalt im Kern, und 2 stellt die Vorschalt-(Resonanz)-Drossel in einem speziellen Aufbau nach der noch nicht veröffentlichten EP-Patentanmeldung 91103237.3 vom 4. März 1991 dar. Es gibt allerdings auch Vorschalt-(Resonanz)-Drosseln mit einem Spulenkörper, dessen Wickelgrund zylindrisch ausgeführt ist und in den von beiden Stirnseiten her kurze Kernschenkelabschnitte unter Freilassung eines zylindrischen Luftspalts im Spulenkörper eingreifen. Eine solche Drosselgestaltung im Inneren des Spulenkörpers kommt für den erfindungsgemäßen Aufbau ebenfalls in Frage, wenn auch die prinzipielle Gestaltung gemäß der EP-Patentanmeldung ein besonders kleines Volumen erfordert.1 shows the prior art. Here, 1 is the switching power supply transformer in the usual design as a flux converter without an air gap in the core, and 2 represents the ballast (resonance) choke in a special design according to the as yet unpublished EP patent application 91103237.3 of March 4, 1991. There are however, also series (resonance) chokes with a coil body, the winding base of which is cylindrical and engage in the core leg sections, which are short from both ends, leaving a cylindrical air gap in the coil body. Such a choke design inside the coil body is also suitable for the structure according to the invention, even if the basic design according to the EP patent application requires a particularly small volume.

Der Drossel gemäß der vorgenannten EP-Patentanmeldung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß die am Übergang der magnetischen Feldlinien von der Luft in das Ferrit des Kerns benötigte Begrenzung der Induktion für die Luftstrecke nicht erforderlich ist, daß aus diesem Grunde die magnetisch wirksame Fläche in der Luftstrecke stark verringert werden kann und daß sich dadurch gegenüber bekannten Schwingdrosseln von konstantem Querschnitt der vom Wickelgrund umschlossenen Fläche folgende Vorteile ergeben:

  • 1) Eine Erhöhung der Windungszahl bei vorgegebener Drahtlänge. Hierdurch steigt die Güte erheblich, da bei gleichem ohmschen Widerstand die Induktivität stark zunimmt.
  • 2) Durch den größeren Wickelraum kann der Drahtquerschnitt vergrößert werden, wodurch noch einmal die Güte verbessert wird.
  • 3) Bei vorgegebener Güte kann der Kernquerschnitt verkleinert werden, da durch die vorgenannte Querschnittsverringerung im Luftbereich eine große Scherung ermöglicht wird.
The throttle according to the aforementioned EP patent application is based on the knowledge that the limitation of the induction required for the air gap at the transition of the magnetic field lines from the air into the ferrite of the core is not necessary for this reason the magnetically effective area in the air gap can be greatly reduced and that this has the following advantages over known oscillating chokes with a constant cross section of the area enclosed by the winding base:
  • 1) An increase in the number of turns for a given wire length. This increases the quality considerably, since the inductance increases sharply with the same ohmic resistance.
  • 2) Due to the larger winding space, the wire cross section can be enlarged, which improves the quality once again.
  • 3) With a specified quality, the core cross-section can be reduced, since the aforementioned reduction in cross-section in the air area enables great shear.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der Drossel 2 gemäß Fig. 1, bei der der Kern 3 aus zwei U-Kernhälften 3a zu einem Rahmenkern zusammengesetzt ist. Der Wickelgrund 4a des Spulenkörpers 4 umschließt praktisch einen Luftspalt 5 zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Querschenkel des Kerns 3, wobei die Querschnittsfläche A im Bereich des Spulenkörpers 4 gegenüber der Querschnittsfläche B im Bereich des Feldlinienaustritts von der Luft in das Ferrit des Kerns 3 verkleinert ist und wobei die letztgenannte Querschnittsfläche B so groß ist, daß die zugehörige Induktion das Ferrit gerade noch nicht in Sättigung bringt. Die durch den Luftspalt 5 bewirkte Scherung ist hier also so groß, daß beim Kern 3 völlig auf einen Mittelschenkel verzichtet werden kann. Der Ferritkern 3 besteht nur noch aus dem zweiteiligen Rahmen, der die Permeabilität vergrößert und die äußeren Feldlinien bündelt, wodurch eine magnetische Abschirmfunktion erreicht wird.FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the throttle 2 according to FIG. 1, in which the core 3 is composed of two U-core halves 3a to form a frame core. The winding base 4a of the coil former 4 practically encloses an air gap 5 between the upper and lower transverse legs of the core 3, the cross-sectional area A in the region of the coil former 4 being reduced from the air into the ferrite of the core 3 in the region of the field line exit from the air and the latter cross-sectional area B is so large that the associated induction just does not bring the ferrite into saturation. The shear caused by the air gap 5 is so great here that the core 3 can be completely dispensed with a middle leg. The ferrite core 3 consists only of the two-part frame, which increases the permeability and bundles the outer field lines, thereby creating a magnetic shielding function is achieved.

Zur Erhöhung der Permeabilität können gemäß Fig. 3 zusätzlich zu dem Ferritrahmen 3 gemäß Fig. 2 Einzelstücke aus Ferrit in den Spulenkörper 4 eingelegt werden, die praktisch kurze, aber gesonderte Mittelschenkelabschnitte des Kerns 3 bilden. Der Vorteil der Rahmenkonstruktion ist, daß das Volumen der Spule durch höhere Kern-Aussenschenkel (Fig.4) bei gleichem Querschnitt verkleinert wird, und daß eine gute magnetische Abschirmung erreicht wird.To increase the permeability, according to FIG. 3, in addition to the ferrite frame 3 according to FIG. 2, individual pieces made of ferrite can be inserted into the coil former 4, which form practically short but separate central leg sections of the core 3. The advantage of the frame construction is that the volume of the coil is reduced by higher core outer legs (Fig.4) with the same cross section, and that good magnetic shielding is achieved.

Die vorgenannte EP-Patentanmeldung umfaßt auch eine Ausführungsform der Drossel, bei der die aus Fig. 3 ersichtlichen Mittelschenkelabschnitte einstückig mit dem restlichen Kern verbunden sind. Auch eine solche Gestaltung der Drossel im Bereich des Spulenkörpers eignet sich prinzipiell für die Erfindung.The aforementioned EP patent application also includes an embodiment of the throttle, in which the mid-leg sections shown in FIG. 3 are integrally connected to the rest of the core. Such a design of the choke in the region of the coil body is also suitable in principle for the invention.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt die Drossel gemäß Fig. 3 im Querschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie IV-IV in Fig. 3.FIG. 4 shows the throttle according to FIG. 3 in cross section along the section line IV-IV in FIG. 3.

Für die Spannungsfestigkeit der Wicklung ist der Spulenkörper 4 zweckmäßigerweise in Kammertechnik aufgebaut, wie dies in Fig. 2 und 3 dargestellt ist.For the dielectric strength of the winding, the coil body 4 is expediently constructed using chamber technology, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Vorzugsweise nimmt, wie aus Fig. 2 und 3 ersichtlich, die vom Spulenkörperwickelgrund 4a umschlossene Quer--schnittsfläche von den Enden des Luftspalts 5 zu dessen Mitte hin kontinuierlich ab. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Querschnittsabnahme dem Verlauf der Feldlinien angepaßt ist.As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the cross-sectional area enclosed by the coil former base 4a preferably decreases continuously from the ends of the air gap 5 towards the center thereof. It is particularly advantageous if the cross-sectional decrease is adapted to the course of the field lines.

In der Fig. 5 ist eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Kombination aus Drossel und Transformator dargestellt. Hierbei ist 6 der aus zwei E-förmigen Teilen zusammengesetzte Kombinationskern, der einen seitlich versetzten Mittelschenkel 7 aufweist, der von den Transformatorwicklungen 8 umschlossen ist. In dem asymmetrischen Teil 9 des Kerns 6 ist die Vorschalt-(Resonanz)-Drossel angebracht, die hier im Prinzip gemäß Fig. 2 gestaltet ist und keinen Zentralkern benötigt.5 shows an embodiment of the combination of choke and transformer according to the invention. Here, 6 is the one composed of two E-shaped parts Combination core, which has a laterally offset center leg 7, which is enclosed by the transformer windings 8. In the asymmetrical part 9 of the core 6, the ballast (resonance) choke is attached, which is designed here in principle according to FIG. 2 and does not require a central core.

In Fig. 6 sind die magnetischen Flüsse eingezeichnet, woraus erkenntlich ist, daß sie sich teilweise kompensieren. Hierbei ist ΦF der Fluß des Flußwandlers und ΦS der Fluß der Vorschalt-(Resonanz)-Drossel. Es ist also erkennbar, daß sich im Schenkel 7 die resultierenden Flüsse verringern, d.h. der magnetische Querschnitt kann verringert werden, während sich in Schenkel 10 dieselben addieren, was durch einen höheren magnetischen Querschnitt ausgeglichen werden kann. In der erfindungsgemäßen Kombination entfallen praktisch zwei Schenkel.The magnetic fluxes are shown in FIG. 6, from which it can be seen that they partially compensate each other. Here Φ F is the flux of the flux converter and Φ S is the flux of the ballast (resonance) choke. It can thus be seen that the resulting fluxes in leg 7 decrease, ie the magnetic cross-section can be reduced, while in legs 10 they add up, which can be compensated for by a higher magnetic cross-section. In the combination according to the invention, practically two legs are omitted.

Claims (2)

Drossel/Transformator-Kombination zum Betreiben von Metalldampfhochdruck (MHD)-Lampen aus Bordnetzen z.B. von Fahrzeugen, mit einem Flußwandler und einer Vorschalt-(Resonanz)-Drossel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beide Induktivitäten einen gemeinsamen Kern (6) aufweisen.Choke / transformer combination for operating high-pressure metal vapor (MHD) lamps from vehicle electrical systems, for example from vehicles, with a flux converter and a ballast (resonance) choke, characterized in that the two inductors have a common core (6). Drossel/Transformator-Kombination nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die jeweiligen magnetischen Flüsse (ΦF,ΦS) addieren bzw. subtrahieren, wodurch der magnetische Querschnitt für eine konstante Induktion angepaßt wird, so daß das Volumen zweier Schenkel eingespart wird.Choke / transformer combination according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective magnetic fluxes (Φ F , Φ S ) add or subtract, whereby the magnetic cross section is adapted for constant induction, so that the volume of two legs is saved.
EP91104904A 1990-03-31 1991-03-27 Choke-coil/transformer combination for operating high pressure metal vapor lamps of vehicle electrical systems Withdrawn EP0451628A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4010473 1990-03-31
DE19904010473 DE4010473A1 (en) 1990-03-31 1990-03-31 THROTTLE TRANSFORMER COMBINATION FOR THE OPERATION OF METAL VAPOR HIGH PRESSURE (MHD) LAMPS FROM ON-VEHICLE NETWORKS OF VEHICLES

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0451628A1 true EP0451628A1 (en) 1991-10-16

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EP91104904A Withdrawn EP0451628A1 (en) 1990-03-31 1991-03-27 Choke-coil/transformer combination for operating high pressure metal vapor lamps of vehicle electrical systems

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996001550A1 (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-01-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Starter for gas discharge lamps, in particular motor-vehicule lights
WO2008119406A1 (en) * 2007-04-02 2008-10-09 Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co. Kg Ballast for a gas discharge lamp
EP1962303A3 (en) * 2007-02-06 2009-02-11 HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. Combined type transformer and buckboost circuite using the same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10159112A1 (en) * 2001-12-01 2003-06-18 Hella Kg Hueck & Co Ignition transformer for motor vehicle gas discharge lamp, has permanent magnet located in air-gap of annular core

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3231841A (en) * 1961-08-24 1966-01-25 Ohtake Masayasu Combined transformer and choke unit

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3719357A1 (en) * 1987-06-10 1988-12-29 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR OPERATING A DISCHARGE LAMP ON A LOW VOLTAGE VOLTAGE SOURCE
DE4007148A1 (en) * 1990-03-07 1991-09-12 Vogt Electronic Ag VOLUME-OPTIMIZED VIBRATION THROTTLE FOR HIGH CONTROL AND HIGH GOETE

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3231841A (en) * 1961-08-24 1966-01-25 Ohtake Masayasu Combined transformer and choke unit

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 9, Nr. 53 (E-301)[1776], 7. März 1985; & JP-A-59 193 010 (MATSUSHITA DENKO) 01-11-1984 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996001550A1 (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-01-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Starter for gas discharge lamps, in particular motor-vehicule lights
AU702380B2 (en) * 1994-07-05 1999-02-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Starter for gas discharge lamps, in particular motor-vehicule lights
EP1962303A3 (en) * 2007-02-06 2009-02-11 HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. Combined type transformer and buckboost circuite using the same
US7808355B2 (en) 2007-02-06 2010-10-05 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Combined type transformer and buck-boost circuit using the same
US8138744B2 (en) 2007-02-06 2012-03-20 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Combined type transformer and buck-boost circuit using the same
WO2008119406A1 (en) * 2007-04-02 2008-10-09 Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co. Kg Ballast for a gas discharge lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4010473C2 (en) 1993-06-03
DE4010473A1 (en) 1991-10-02

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