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EP0451647B1 - Lampe à décharge à haute pression et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Lampe à décharge à haute pression et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0451647B1
EP0451647B1 EP91105054A EP91105054A EP0451647B1 EP 0451647 B1 EP0451647 B1 EP 0451647B1 EP 91105054 A EP91105054 A EP 91105054A EP 91105054 A EP91105054 A EP 91105054A EP 0451647 B1 EP0451647 B1 EP 0451647B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
discharge lamp
pressure discharge
pinching
lamp according
jaws
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91105054A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0451647A3 (en
EP0451647A2 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Heider
Achim Gosslar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH filed Critical Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Publication of EP0451647A2 publication Critical patent/EP0451647A2/fr
Publication of EP0451647A3 publication Critical patent/EP0451647A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0451647B1 publication Critical patent/EP0451647B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/32—Sealing leading-in conductors
    • H01J9/323—Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device
    • H01J9/326—Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device making pinched-stem or analogous seals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/366—Seals for leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/368—Pinched seals or analogous seals

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such lamps are double-pinched lamps with or without an outer bulb. They generally have a quartz glass discharge vessel and in particular have a metal halide filling.
  • the lamps are preferably used in optical systems such as headlights and lighting systems, e.g. for floodlights, stage, film and television, with typical lamp powers of 400 to 4000 W. Smaller wattages can be used in shop window or general lighting (e.g. 150 W).
  • a high-pressure discharge lamp is known from EP-A 271 927, in which end pockets in the discharge vessel are eliminated by deliberately provided depressions in order to improve the color stability.
  • the lamps according to the invention can be produced particularly easily because a special transition region can be dispensed with and instead the constriction is designed as part of the pinch seal in a single process step during the pinching process.
  • the end areas designed as pinch seals are only constricted in the pinch plane, without in the transverse direction, i.e. in terms of the narrow sides to be thickened. In this way, the glass mass present in this area is considerably reduced. The radiating surface is also reduced. In this way, a significantly better heat accumulation effect can be achieved, which leads to an increase in the final burner temperature. Typical is e.g. an increase of 50 - 100 ° C. As a result, there is no need for heat accumulation, the color scatter is reduced, the light yield is increased (by 5 - 10%) and the color rendering is improved.
  • a particularly important advantage of the present invention is the significantly improved constancy of the color temperature, which is also significantly improved starting value is lower;
  • Metal halide discharge lamps typically experience a sharp drop in color temperature during the first 500 hours of operation. The reason is that a metal halide sump gradually develops in the capillaries by diffusion, which exist along the electrode shafts between the foil and the discharge volume, since the thermal expansion coefficients of the electrode shaft made of tungsten and the quartz glass bulb differ greatly. This sump can no longer make a contribution to the vapor pressure in the discharge volume.
  • the use of a cylindrical transition region means that this capillary is inevitably lengthened and the disturbing drop in color temperature is therefore pronounced.
  • the present invention makes it possible to keep the length of the capillary extremely short despite the constriction, so that the drop in color temperature is considerably restricted.
  • the length of the capillary is a maximum of about 10% of the length of the discharge volume along the longitudinal axis. In the case of lamps with a cylindrical transition region, the corresponding value deteriorates to approx. 28% in US Pat. No. 4,396,857 and approx. 54% (!) In EP-OS 266 821.
  • the end region is shaped like a double T.
  • the edge beads widen as additional struts towards the central area, in particular over the entire length of the constriction. In this way, the pinch seals are additionally mechanically stabilized at their point of attachment to the central area.
  • the end areas are reliably prevented from breaking off. Both the constriction and the bracing are particularly important for lamps without an outer bulb. The combination of both measures also leads to a particularly happy interaction during production, since the glass mass saved in the constriction can be redistributed to the struts during the crushing process.
  • the centering knob is also produced without additional effort only during the squeezing process, in that at least one of the squeezing jaws has at least one cavity in the squeezing surface.
  • the area of the central area directly adjoining the end areas is shaped during the squeezing process by appropriately designed squeeze jaws. Tangential bevels are embossed on the ends of the central area, which reduce the discharge volume behind the electrodes.
  • Both the shape of the constriction and the struts as well as the centering of the electrode system can be carried out in a single process step, the crimping process with four crimping jaws. These are two main crimping jaws that form the broad side of the crimp seal, at least one of which has a hollow for the centering knob and which have bevels for the struts. In addition, two side crushing jaws are used, which have a roof-shaped protruding nose at the end facing the central area, which shape the constrictions and struts. Particularly good shaping of the pinch seals is achieved by briefly delaying the side pinching process compared to the main pinching process.
  • the very good approximation isothermal discharge vessel 3 made of quartz glass with a wall thickness of approx. 2 mm (or 2.5 mm), which forms the central area, is designed as a barrel body, the generatrix of which is an arc with a radius of curvature of 38.25 mm.
  • the largest outer diameter of the barrel body is 36 mm, the axial length about 51 mm.
  • the outer diameter at the barrel ends 4, on each of which an end region 5, which forms a pinch seal, is approximately 16 mm, so that a discharge volume of approximately 22 cm 3 results.
  • the rod-shaped tungsten electrodes 6, the tips of which are spaced 30 mm apart, are each held axially in the end region 5 and have a double-layer coil 7 in the vicinity of the electrode tip.
  • the end regions 5 have a length of approximately 40 mm and a width of approximately 16 mm.
  • the electrodes 6 are connected via molybdenum foils 8, which are melted into the pinch seal in a vacuum-tight manner, to current leads (not visible) which are in contact with strands 9 of two sleeve bases.
  • the molybdenum foils 8 have a length of approximately 30 mm and a width of 8 mm.
  • the two ceramic sleeve bases 10 are fastened with cement, which consists of a slotted cylindrical holding part 11 and a flattened end body 12 facing the socket.
  • the foils are arranged within the pinch seals so that the distance on the discharge side of the foil end from the end of the pinch seal is approximately 4 mm. Only over this short distance can a capillary form in the pinch seal along the tungsten electrode 6, which captures the metal halide sump.
  • the broad sides 13 of the pinch seal have beads 14 on the edges towards the narrow sides, so that the pinch seal 5 has a double T-shaped cross section (ie two "T" abut it Base together).
  • the thickness of the pinch seal is approximately 4 mm, the thickness of the edge beads 14 on the narrow sides 15 is approximately 7 mm (cf. FIG. 2a).
  • the broad sides 13 Towards the central region, the broad sides 13 have constrictions 16 in the form of two bevels over an axial length of 5.5 mm, so that the broad side 13 tapers to 12 mm at the attachment of the end region to the central region without the thickness of the pinch seal changing.
  • the thickness of the edge beads 14 widens towards the central area, so that struts 17 are primarily formed in the area of the slopes.
  • the thickness of the edge beads gradually increases from originally approx. 7 mm to approx. 8 mm at the kink 18 of the bevels and finally reaches approximately 10 mm at the starting point of the struts 17 in the central region.
  • the broad sides 13 of the pinch seals are provided with corrugations (not shown) and furthermore have elongated centering knobs 19a, b at the level of the electrodes 6 and the external power supply lines 9.
  • a total of four zones are formed as flat surfaces 20 with approximately square dimensions in the direction of the broad sides 13 and the narrow sides 15 of each press seal, which are quasi-tangent to the curvature of the central region.
  • These tangential surfaces 20 form an obtuse angle with the planes of the broad sides 13 or the narrow sides 15, in particular approximately 150 ° or 130 °. In this way, the discharge volume behind the electrodes is additionally narrowed, which increases the temperature of the cold spot.
  • the discharge vessel 3 contains a filling of an inert gas (argon) as the ignition gas and mercury as the main component (approx. 220 mg) and per cm3 of discharge volume the rare earths DyBr3 (1 »mol and TmBr3 (0.5» mol), also 1 »mol TlBr, 2 »mol CsBr and 0.5» mol ThJ4.
  • the thorium can be replaced by hafnium.
  • this filling results in an initial color temperature of approx. 5700 K (previously 5900 K) with a color rendering index of 92 (previously 90)
  • the favorable overall design of the 2000 W lamp makes it possible to increase the total light output from 100 lm / W to 105 lm / W and to achieve an extremely long service life of approx. 2000 hours.
  • the specific arc power is 67 W / mm.
  • the isothermally designed discharge vessel has a maximum bulb temperature of approx. 1030 ° C (hot spot), which drops to 1000 ° C (previously approx. 940 ° C) at the cold spot (behind the electrodes at the end of the vessel). At the end of the film, the temperature has dropped to 230 ° C (instead of the previous 250 ° C) (free-burning). In the headlight, this corresponds to a temperature of 330 ° C (previously 350 ° C).
  • the term "earlier" refers to an identical lamp without constriction.
  • the special design of the pinch seal leads to significant improvements in the operating data of this lamp compared to conventionally designed pinch seals due to the heat accumulation effect of the constrictions.
  • the tangential surfaces at the end of the central area increase the temperature in the volumes behind the electrodes (area of the cold spot).
  • the luminous flux remains almost constant at the initial value of 205,000 lm over the operating period (maintenance).
  • the drop is only around 5% (previously around 15%).
  • the color temperature (Fig. 3) shows an initial value of 5700 K (solid curve), which means a reduction of 200 degrees compared to earlier (dashed curve).
  • Further advantages are the improved burning voltage (now approx. 5 - 10% higher) and the better stabilized re-ignition peak (340 V) at the beginning of the lamp's operating life.
  • FIG. 4 shows the broad side of the pinch seal for a lamp without constriction (FIG. 4a) and with constriction (FIG. 4b).
  • the temperature distribution is characterized by lines of the same temperature (isotherms), where a denotes the highest and g the lowest temperature.
  • the temperature d corresponds absolutely to about 350 ° C.
  • the squeeze previously used (Fig. 4a) shows a relative steep gradients over their length, at the end of which a relatively high temperature d remains.
  • FIG. 4a shows a relative steep gradients over their length, at the end of which a relatively high temperature d remains.
  • the pinch seal as a whole is subjected to considerably less temperature stress (e), the stress is moreover distributed considerably more uniformly over the length of the pinch seal, in particular over the critical area of the film melt. Overall, the temperature at the end of the base is thus reduced, the sealing effect of the melt-in of the film is improved and the melt-in is less stressed. For technical reasons, the discharge-side edge zone of the pinch seal is not recorded in FIGS. 4a, b.
  • the design of the lamp bulb corresponds approximately to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the lamp bulb is accommodated in an outer bulb and is smaller overall.
  • the press seals each have a length of about 20 mm, of which 4 mm are in the area of the constriction.
  • the film with a length of 13 mm is melted into the middle of the pinch seal, so that the electrode shaft and the external power supply are each embedded about 3.3 mm into the pinch seal.
  • the width of the pinch seal of 16 mm is reduced to 9 mm in the constriction.
  • the thickness of the press seal is approximately 2 mm and increases to 4 mm in the area of the edge beads.
  • the edge beads themselves widen to 6 mm over the length of the constriction, forming the struts towards the central area.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 A further exemplary embodiment of a metal halide lamp is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. It has a cylindrical outer bulb 21 made of tempered glass, which is provided at one end with a screw base 22 and at the other end with a dome 23. Coaxially with the outer bulb, a quartz glass bulb 24 with two axially opposite electrodes is arranged therein as a discharge vessel, which is held by means of a frame 25 including two current leads 26 and is melted gas-tight into the outer bulb 21.
  • the discharge vessel has a tubular central body 27, the two ends of which are enclosed by a box-like crimp 28, i.e. without ridges, is sealed.
  • the width of the pinch corresponds to the outer diameter of the central body 27.
  • the pinch has a constriction 29, similar to the first exemplary embodiment, which reduces the width of the pinch from 16 mm to 9 mm.
  • the thickness of the pinch is about 2 mm.
  • the narrow sides of the bruises widen to struts 30, which on Approach the central area to a thickness of 4 mm.
  • the lamp is manufactured from a blank for the quartz glass bulb with, for example, a barrel-shaped central region (cf. FIG. 1) and two tubular end regions.
  • the pump stem is placed in the middle of this.
  • an electrode system consisting of an electrode, a molybdenum foil and an external power supply, the electrode and the external power supply being welded to the molybdenum foil, is inserted from below into the tubular end region and held there with an interchangeable holder.
  • the end area After purging with argon gas, the end area is brought to squeezing temperature (approx. 1700 ° C) by two gas burners. The part of the piston that is still in the deformation area should also reach the pinch temperature. The end area is finally squeezed with a four-jaw squeezing machine while purging with argon.
  • the two main pinch jaws 31 (FIG. 7a) form the broad sides of the pinch seal.
  • the pinch surface 32 of the main pinch jaws has two recesses 33 for centering the electrode system, which appear as centering knobs on the pinch seal.
  • two lateral bevels 35 are attached to the crimping surface in order to enable an engagement with two side crimping jaws 36.
  • a third slope 37 takes the squeeze surface 32 back close to its upper edge 34 by approximately 60 °. This slope 37 serves for the tangential shaping of the central area. Steps 38 are formed on the lateral edges of the squeeze surface, which produce the edge beads.
  • Two side crushing jaws 36 act transversely to the main crushing jaws, the crushing surface 39 of which forms the narrow sides of the crushing seal.
  • a nose 40 projects like a roof, the ridge 41 running parallel to the upper edge of the crushing surface.
  • the lower roof slope 42 protruding from the crushing surface is inclined by 30 ° out of the plane of the crushing surface 39, the upper roof slope 43 has an inclination of 50 ° in this regard.
  • the lower roof slope 42 creates the constriction, while the upper roof slope 43 forms the two remaining tangential surfaces of the central area.
  • the upper edge of the main crimp jaw closes with the ridge of the side crimp jaw.
  • the struts in the edge beads result from the fact that the side slopes 35 of the main crushing jaws have a different inclination (19 °) than the lower roof slopes 42 of the side crushing jaws. It has proven particularly favorable if the side crushing jaws work with a slight time delay (approx. 0.5 sec) compared to the main crushing jaws.
  • the glass flask is then turned over and the second end area is closed using the same technique.
  • the pumping stem is used to pump out, rinse and fill the discharge vessel in a manner known per se.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Lampe à décharge haute pression, constituée par
    - une ampoule allongée en verre (2) possédant une partie centrale (3), qui entoure un volume de décharge, et deux parties d'extrémité (5), qui s'étendent dans des directions diamétralement opposées et qui sont réalisées sous la forme de pincements étanches comportant deux grands côtés aplatis (13) et deux petits côtés (15),
    - un couple d'électrodes (6), qui est disposé dans le volume de décharge et qui est relié à des éléments d'alimentation en courant, qui s'étendent vers l'extérieur à travers les pincements étanches,
    - un remplissage ionisable,
    caractérisée par le fait que chaque pincement étanche (5) comporte, sur son extrémité tournée vers la partie centrale (3), des rétrécissements (16) situés au niveau des grands côtés, sans variation de l'épaisseur du pincement étanche.
  2. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les pincements étanches (5) possèdent, en coupe transversale, la forme d'un T double, les pieds des deux T étant en aboutement, en sorte que les grands côtés aplatis (13) sont pourvus de rebords marginaux (14), qui élargissent les petits côtés (15).
  3. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée par le fait que les petits côtés (15) et éventuellement les rebords marginaux (14) s'élargissent en direction de la partie centrale (3) et forment de ce fait des entretoises (17).
  4. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que les entretoises (17) sont formées dans la zone des rétrécissements (16).
  5. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les grands côtés (13) des pincements étanches sont pourvus d'un ou de plusieurs boutons de centrage (19) pour les électrodes (6) et/ou les éléments d'alimentation en courant (9).
  6. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la partie (6′) de l'électrode, qui est enchâssée dans le pincement étanche (5), est très courte et est située entièrement dans la zone du rétrécissement (16).
  7. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la largeur des côtés aplatis (13) est réduite d'environ 30-50 % par le rétrécissement (16).
  8. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les rétrécissements (16) forment des biseaux.
  9. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que les petits côtés (15) s'élargissent d'environ 30 %.
  10. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la longueur du rétrécissement est égale à environ 10-25 % de la longueur totale du pincement étanche.
  11. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la partie centrale (3) est renflée, auquel cas, à la jonction de la partie centrale et du pincement étanche, sont formées des surfaces planes (20), qui se rapprochent, quasiment sous la forme de surfaces tangentielles, de la courbure de la partie centrale.
  12. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que l'ampoule de la lampe est l'ampoule unique.
  13. Lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que le remplissage contient des halogénures métalliques.
  14. Procédé pour fabriquer une lampe à décharge haute pression suivant la revendication 1 comprenant les étapes opératoires suivantes :
    - préparation d'une ampoule de verre comportant une partie centrale et deux parties d'extrémité,
    - fixation par pincement d'un premier système d'électrodes dans une première partie d'extrémité,
    - fixation par pincement d'un second système d'électrodes dans une seconde partie d'extrémité,
    - vidage par pompage, balayage et remplissage du volume de décharge,
    caractérisé par le fait que le rétrécissement est formé au moyen du pincement à l'aide de deux mâchoires principales de pincement (31), qui possèdent des biseaux latéraux (35) au niveau de la surface de pincement, et de deux mâchoires latérales de pincement (36), qui possèdent chacune un biseau (42) qui fait saillie à partir de la surface de pincement.
  15. Procédé suivant la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait que des entretoises sont formées sur les petits côtés par le fait que les biseaux latéraux (35) situés sur les mâchoires principales de pincement (31) et les biseaux saillants (42) situés sur les mâchoires latérales de pincement, possèdent des inclinaisons différentes.
  16. Procédé suivant la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait que des surfaces tangentielles sont formées sur la zone de raccordement de la partie centrale, par le fait que les mâchoires principales de pincement (31) possèdent, à proximité du bord supérieur (34) de la surface de pincement (32), une surface (37) qui s'étend obliquement en retrait vers l'arrière et/ou que les mâchoires latérales de pincement (36) possèdent des becs en forme de toit (40).
  17. Procédé suivant la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait que l'opération de pincement avec les mâchoires latérales est exécuté d'une manière retardée dans le temps par rapport à l'opération de pincement avec les mâchoires principales de pincement.
  18. Procédé suivant la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait que les mâchoires principales de pincement comportent des renfoncements (33) pour le centrage des électrodes et les éléments d'alimentation en courant, qui forment les boutons de centrage.
EP91105054A 1990-04-12 1991-03-28 Lampe à décharge à haute pression et son procédé de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0451647B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4011931 1990-04-12
DE4011931 1990-04-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0451647A2 EP0451647A2 (fr) 1991-10-16
EP0451647A3 EP0451647A3 (en) 1992-03-11
EP0451647B1 true EP0451647B1 (fr) 1995-07-05

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EP91105054A Expired - Lifetime EP0451647B1 (fr) 1990-04-12 1991-03-28 Lampe à décharge à haute pression et son procédé de fabrication

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US (1) US5142195A (fr)
EP (1) EP0451647B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2551929B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE59105899D1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59105899D1 (de) 1995-08-10
JP2551929B2 (ja) 1996-11-06
JPH04228436A (ja) 1992-08-18
EP0451647A3 (en) 1992-03-11
US5142195A (en) 1992-08-25
EP0451647A2 (fr) 1991-10-16

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