EP0450222B1 - Ultrasonic washing apparatus - Google Patents
Ultrasonic washing apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0450222B1 EP0450222B1 EP90308705A EP90308705A EP0450222B1 EP 0450222 B1 EP0450222 B1 EP 0450222B1 EP 90308705 A EP90308705 A EP 90308705A EP 90308705 A EP90308705 A EP 90308705A EP 0450222 B1 EP0450222 B1 EP 0450222B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- washing liquid
- deaerated
- nondeaerated
- washing
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B2203/00—Details of cleaning machines or methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B2203/02—Details of machines or methods for cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
- B08B2203/0288—Ultra or megasonic jets
Definitions
- This invention relates to spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus, and more particularly to such apparatus using deaerated washing liquid and provided with means for keeping such liquid in good deaerated condition while being sprayed towards a surface to be washed.
- Ultrasonic washing apparatus is widely used for washing work surfaces, deflashing work surfaces, and the like. See, for example, US 4834124, which describes an ultrasonic washing apparatus having a washing liquid outlet nozzle shaped to improve washing efficiency. It is also known from DE 3916446 to use a jet of heavily aerated water for washing surfaces.
- Cavitation has hitherto been supposed to be most easily formed in an ultrasonically treated liquid which is abundant in air bubbles. Experiments we have performed have however revealed that, on the contrary, cavitation can be more easily formed in a deaerated liquid. This is because air bubbles in a nondeaerated liquid absorb the energy of cavitation, thereby suppressing the formation of cavitation.
- ultrasonic radiation is applied to a deaerated liquid, a drastic pressure decrease will be caused under certain conditions, and when the pressure of the deaerated liquid is reduced below saturated vapour pressure, the liquid will be evaporated to form air bubbles, which will rapidly expand to form cavities. Then the cavities will be compressed to cause very high pressure, thereby expediting the formation of cavitation.
- This ultrasonic washing has the effect of reducing the time involved in washing surfaces because, as explained above, the use of deaerated liquid permits effective formation of cavitation.
- Use of deaerated liquid in the form of a spray tends to permit invasion of air into the deaerated liquid while it is being sprayed towards the surface to be washed. As a consequence the liquid does not remain deaerated, and the washing effect decreases with the resulting decrease of cavitation.
- spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus in which ultrasonic radiation is applied to washing liquid to be sprayed on a surface to be washed, so as to cause cavitation in the washing liquid
- the apparatus comprising a washing liquid nozzle assembly comprising an inner nozzle defining a passage for deaerated washing liquid, and an outer nozzle surrounding said inner nozzle to define an annular passage for nondearerated washing liquid, so that nondeaerated washing liquid envelopes the deaerated washing liquid expelled from the nozzle in use, and a vibratory element for applying ultrasonic radiation to the deaerated washing liquid.
- a spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus comprises a nozzle assembly 1 and a vibrating element 9.
- the nozzle assembly 1 comprises an outer nozzle 2 and an inner nozzle 3, each in the form of a conical frustum.
- the inner nozzle 3 defines a passage 8 through which deaerated liquid is made to flow before being sprayed.
- An annular passage 7, through which nondeaerated liquid is made to flow, is formed between the outer and inner nozzles 2 and 3.
- the nozzle assembly 1 is tapered towards the nozzle tip 4.
- the outer nozzle 2 is provided with an inlet 5 for nondeaerated liquid, whilst the inner nozzle 3 is provided with an inlet 6 for deaerated liquid.
- a vibrating element 9 for producing ultrasonic radiation has a vibrating piece 10 integrally connected thereto. The vibrating piece 10 is attached to the rear end of the nozzle assembly 1.
- a vessel 16 contains washing liquid in nondeaerated form.
- the vessel 16 is connected to the inlet 5 of the nozzle assembly 1 via a pump 15a.
- the vessel 16 is connected to the inlet 6 of the nozzle assembly 1 via deaerating means 17 and a pump 15b.
- nondeaerated washing liquid 12 is supplied to the inlet 5 of the nozzle assembly 1
- deaerated washing liquid 11 is supplied to the inlet 6.
- the deaerating means 17 may be constructed that the liquid may be boiled and deaerated.
- nondeaerated washing liquid 12 is made to flow to the nozzle tip 4 through the passage 7, whilst deaerated washing liquid 11 is made to flow to the nozzle tip 4 through the passage 8.
- the deaerated washing liquid 11 is encircled by nondeaerated washing liquid 12, and the deaerated and nondeaerated washing liquids are sprayed onto a surface 13 to be washed.
- the temperature T A of the nondeaerated washing liquid is set to be substantially higher than the temperature T B of the deaerated washing liquid, by heating the nondeaerated liquid and cooling the deaerated liquid.
- the flow rate V A of the nondeaerated washing liquid is set to be substantially higher than the flow rate V B of the deaerated washing liquid.
- the vibrating element 9 is connected to a power supply 18, thereby putting its vibrating piece 10 into operation.
- ultrasound is radiated through the deaerated washing liquid 11 in the inner passage 8 of the nozzle assembly 1. Cavitation is formed, and the surface 13 is washed efficiently.
- washing liquid After washing the surface 13, the washing liquid is collected in a vessel 14, which is placed below the surface to be washed. In the vessel 14, deaerated washing liquid and aerated washing liquid are mixed together, and also air becomes mixed therewith. Thus, nondeaerated washing liquid results, which is then returned to the vessel 16 via a pump 15c.
- a spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus uses a coaxial nozzle structure 1 which is composed of inner and outer hollow conical frustums 3 and 2. These frustums are arranged to have nondeaerated washing liquid supplied to the annular passage formed between the outer and inner frustums, and deaerated washing liquid supplied to the inner hollow frustum, thus causing the deaerated washing liquid to be enclosed by nondeaerated washing liquid in being sprayed against a surface to be washed, and thereby isolating the deaerated washing liquid from the surrounding atmosphere to prevent invasion of air into the deaerated washing liquid on its way to the surface.
- cavitation can be formed effectively in the deaerated washing liquid, and washing can be performed with increased efficiency.
- the temperature of the nondeaerated washing liquid is set to be higher than that of the deaerated washing liquid. This temperature difference provides a further barrier against invasion of air from the surrounding nondeaerated washing liquid into the deaerated washing liquid, even if air enters the enclosing nondeaerated washing liquid from the surrounding atmosphere. This further enhances the effective formation of cavitation in the deaerated washing liquid by preventing invasion of air into the same.
- the flow rate of the deaerated washing liquid 11 is set to be substantially lower than that of nondeaerated washing liquid 12. This is advantageous to the operation of spraying the deaerated and nondeaerated washing liquid in combination.
Landscapes
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus, and more particularly to such apparatus using deaerated washing liquid and provided with means for keeping such liquid in good deaerated condition while being sprayed towards a surface to be washed.
- Ultrasonic washing apparatus is widely used for washing work surfaces, deflashing work surfaces, and the like. See, for example, US 4834124, which describes an ultrasonic washing apparatus having a washing liquid outlet nozzle shaped to improve washing efficiency. It is also known from DE 3916446 to use a jet of heavily aerated water for washing surfaces.
- Cavitation has hitherto been supposed to be most easily formed in an ultrasonically treated liquid which is abundant in air bubbles. Experiments we have performed have however revealed that, on the contrary, cavitation can be more easily formed in a deaerated liquid. This is because air bubbles in a nondeaerated liquid absorb the energy of cavitation, thereby suppressing the formation of cavitation. In contrast, when ultrasonic radiation is applied to a deaerated liquid, a drastic pressure decrease will be caused under certain conditions, and when the pressure of the deaerated liquid is reduced below saturated vapour pressure, the liquid will be evaporated to form air bubbles, which will rapidly expand to form cavities. Then the cavities will be compressed to cause very high pressure, thereby expediting the formation of cavitation.
- For this reason use is made of deaerated liquid in ultrasonic washing, and deaerated liquid in which cavitation has been formed is sprayed against a surface to be washed.
- This ultrasonic washing has the effect of reducing the time involved in washing surfaces because, as explained above, the use of deaerated liquid permits effective formation of cavitation. Use of deaerated liquid in the form of a spray, however, tends to permit invasion of air into the deaerated liquid while it is being sprayed towards the surface to be washed. As a consequence the liquid does not remain deaerated, and the washing effect decreases with the resulting decrease of cavitation.
- According to the present invention there is provided spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus in which ultrasonic radiation is applied to washing liquid to be sprayed on a surface to be washed, so as to cause cavitation in the washing liquid, the apparatus comprising a washing liquid nozzle assembly comprising an inner nozzle defining a passage for deaerated washing liquid, and an outer nozzle surrounding said inner nozzle to define an annular passage for nondearerated washing liquid, so that nondeaerated washing liquid envelopes the deaerated washing liquid expelled from the nozzle in use, and a vibratory element for applying ultrasonic radiation to the deaerated washing liquid.
- With such an arrangement the deaerated washing liquid ejected from the inner nozzle will be enclosed by nondeaerated liquid ejected from the annular space between the outer and inner nozzles.
- An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal axial cross-section of a spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus according to the invention; and
- Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken along the line X-X' in Fig. 1.
- As shown in Fig. 1, a spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus comprises a nozzle assembly 1 and a vibrating
element 9. - The nozzle assembly 1 comprises an
outer nozzle 2 and aninner nozzle 3, each in the form of a conical frustum. Theinner nozzle 3 defines apassage 8 through which deaerated liquid is made to flow before being sprayed. An annular passage 7, through which nondeaerated liquid is made to flow, is formed between the outer andinner nozzles - The
outer nozzle 2 is provided with an inlet 5 for nondeaerated liquid, whilst theinner nozzle 3 is provided with an inlet 6 for deaerated liquid. A vibratingelement 9 for producing ultrasonic radiation has a vibratingpiece 10 integrally connected thereto. The vibratingpiece 10 is attached to the rear end of the nozzle assembly 1. - A
vessel 16 contains washing liquid in nondeaerated form. Thevessel 16 is connected to the inlet 5 of the nozzle assembly 1 via apump 15a. Also, thevessel 16 is connected to the inlet 6 of the nozzle assembly 1 via deaerating means 17 and apump 15b. Thus,nondeaerated washing liquid 12 is supplied to the inlet 5 of the nozzle assembly 1, and deaeratedwashing liquid 11 is supplied to the inlet 6. The deaerating means 17 may be constructed that the liquid may be boiled and deaerated. - Thus nondeaerated
washing liquid 12 is made to flow to the nozzle tip 4 through the passage 7, whilst deaeratedwashing liquid 11 is made to flow to the nozzle tip 4 through thepassage 8. As a result, and as shown in Fig. 2, thedeaerated washing liquid 11 is encircled by nondeaeratedwashing liquid 12, and the deaerated and nondeaerated washing liquids are sprayed onto asurface 13 to be washed. - The temperature TA of the nondeaerated washing liquid is set to be substantially higher than the temperature TB of the deaerated washing liquid, by heating the nondeaerated liquid and cooling the deaerated liquid. Also, the flow rate VA of the nondeaerated washing liquid is set to be substantially higher than the flow rate VB of the deaerated washing liquid.
- At the time of spraying, the vibrating
element 9 is connected to apower supply 18, thereby putting its vibratingpiece 10 into operation. Thus, ultrasound is radiated through thedeaerated washing liquid 11 in theinner passage 8 of the nozzle assembly 1. Cavitation is formed, and thesurface 13 is washed efficiently. - After washing the
surface 13, the washing liquid is collected in avessel 14, which is placed below the surface to be washed. In thevessel 14, deaerated washing liquid and aerated washing liquid are mixed together, and also air becomes mixed therewith. Thus, nondeaerated washing liquid results, which is then returned to thevessel 16 via apump 15c. - As described above, a spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus according to the present invention uses a coaxial nozzle structure 1 which is composed of inner and outer hollow
conical frustums - As mentioned above, the temperature of the nondeaerated washing liquid is set to be higher than that of the deaerated washing liquid. This temperature difference provides a further barrier against invasion of air from the surrounding nondeaerated washing liquid into the deaerated washing liquid, even if air enters the enclosing nondeaerated washing liquid from the surrounding atmosphere. This further enhances the effective formation of cavitation in the deaerated washing liquid by preventing invasion of air into the same.
- Furthermore, the flow rate of the deaerated
washing liquid 11 is set to be substantially lower than that ofnondeaerated washing liquid 12. This is advantageous to the operation of spraying the deaerated and nondeaerated washing liquid in combination.
Claims (3)
- Spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus in which ultrasonic radiation is applied to washing liquid to be sprayed on a surface to be washed, so as to cause cavitation in the washing liquid, the apparatus comprising a washing liquid nozzle assembly (1) comprising an inner nozzle (3) defining a passage (8) for deaerated washing liquid (11), and an outer nozzle (2) surrounding said inner nozzle to define an annular passage (7) for nondeaerated washing liquid (12), so that nondeaerated washing liquid envelopes the deaerated washing liquid expelled from the nozzle in use, and a vibratory element (9) for applying ultrasonic radiation to the deaerated washing liquid.
- Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for cooling said deaerated washing liquid (11), and means for heating said nondeaerated washing liquid (12), so as to cause said deaerated washing liquid to be at a temperature substantially lower than that of said nondeaerated washing liquid.
- Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising means for causing the flow rate of said deaerated washing liquid (11) in said passage (8) to be substantially lower than that of said nondeaerated washing liquid (12) flowing in said passage (7).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2088560A JPH03288581A (en) | 1990-04-03 | 1990-04-03 | Spray type ultrasonic washing apparatus |
JP88560/90 | 1990-04-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0450222A2 EP0450222A2 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
EP0450222A3 EP0450222A3 (en) | 1992-07-29 |
EP0450222B1 true EP0450222B1 (en) | 1995-11-29 |
Family
ID=13946256
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90308705A Expired - Lifetime EP0450222B1 (en) | 1990-04-03 | 1990-08-08 | Ultrasonic washing apparatus |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0450222B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH03288581A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE130786T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69023897T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW212146B (en) * | 1992-05-25 | 1993-09-01 | Yoshihide Shibano | Supersonic waves washing method |
JP2900788B2 (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1999-06-02 | 信越半導体株式会社 | Single wafer processing equipment |
DE102015211318A1 (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2016-12-22 | Krones Ag | Method for cleaning containers and / or container containers and cleaning device |
CN105057250B (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-03-15 | 河海大学常州校区 | The embedded reinforcing cavitation jet cleaning device of transducer |
CN105834165A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-08-10 | 苏州工业园区海纳科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic cleaning device with negative pressure absorption function |
US10836012B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2020-11-17 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for fluid cavitation abrasive surface finishing |
US11679454B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2023-06-20 | The Boeing Company | Portable cavitation peening method and apparatus |
RU2018124439A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-01-13 | Зе Боинг Компани | METHOD FOR CAVITATION NAKLEPP AND MOBILE DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
US10265833B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-04-23 | The Boeing Company | Portable cavitation peening method and apparatus |
CN107876230B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2023-05-30 | 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 | Oscillating water goes out water core and play water installation |
CN112275463A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Novel self-oscillation pulse cavitation nozzle |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2816752A1 (en) * | 1978-04-18 | 1979-10-25 | Kaercher Gmbh & Co Alfred | DEVICE FOR SPRAYING LIME LIQUID |
DE3477141D1 (en) * | 1983-08-15 | 1989-04-20 | Gmt Sa | A method of cleaning industrial components and a jet assembly for use therein |
DE3916446A1 (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1990-03-15 | Autobahnbaukombinat Veb | Improved method of dressing solid materials - is achieved by injection of air into water jets |
-
1990
- 1990-04-03 JP JP2088560A patent/JPH03288581A/en active Granted
- 1990-08-08 DE DE69023897T patent/DE69023897T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-08 AT AT90308705T patent/ATE130786T1/en active
- 1990-08-08 EP EP90308705A patent/EP0450222B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH03288581A (en) | 1991-12-18 |
EP0450222A2 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
ATE130786T1 (en) | 1995-12-15 |
DE69023897T2 (en) | 1996-04-18 |
JPH0536114B2 (en) | 1993-05-28 |
DE69023897D1 (en) | 1996-01-11 |
EP0450222A3 (en) | 1992-07-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5186389A (en) | Spray tube ultrasonic washing apparatus | |
EP0450222B1 (en) | Ultrasonic washing apparatus | |
KR100244571B1 (en) | Jet stream working device, jet steam working system and jet stream working method | |
US4135670A (en) | Shower device | |
KR20030024631A (en) | Process and device for aerating a liquid with gas | |
JP3320105B2 (en) | Nozzle for cavitation jet | |
JP2000157939A (en) | Washing method and washer | |
JP3343371B2 (en) | Cavitation injection device | |
US7393331B2 (en) | Vortex bubble-removing and cooling system for the electromagnetic shock wave generator for the lithotripter | |
JP3320018B2 (en) | Mist generator | |
JPH0647068B2 (en) | Different fluid contact mixing dissolution amount adjusting device | |
JPS641161B2 (en) | ||
JP2515499B2 (en) | Two-fluid spray method | |
JP2835559B2 (en) | Work cleaning equipment | |
JP4509763B2 (en) | Gas-liquid mixed flow injection device | |
JPS6242771Y2 (en) | ||
JPH09327637A (en) | Underwater nozzle device for cavitation-foam formation | |
JPH05345173A (en) | Method and device for washing work | |
JP2001259550A (en) | Washing nozzle | |
JPH07171442A (en) | Injection nozzle in cavitation washer | |
JPS6311157A (en) | Jet apparatus for bathtub | |
JPS6130827B2 (en) | ||
JP2889897B2 (en) | Lower nozzle device for wire cut electric discharge machining | |
JPS58141124A (en) | Body washer | |
JP2762098B2 (en) | Work cleaning and deburring device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19930108 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19931228 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19951129 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19951129 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19951129 Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19951129 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19951129 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19951129 Ref country code: DK Effective date: 19951129 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19951129 Ref country code: ES Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 19951129 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 130786 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19951215 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69023897 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19960111 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19960229 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19960831 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19980730 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000428 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20000803 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20000829 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010808 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20010808 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020501 |