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EP0441820A1 - Dispositif de remplissage - Google Patents

Dispositif de remplissage

Info

Publication number
EP0441820A1
EP0441820A1 EP89911997A EP89911997A EP0441820A1 EP 0441820 A1 EP0441820 A1 EP 0441820A1 EP 89911997 A EP89911997 A EP 89911997A EP 89911997 A EP89911997 A EP 89911997A EP 0441820 A1 EP0441820 A1 EP 0441820A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filling
filling device
valve
sleeve part
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP89911997A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Schirmacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer Pharma AG
Original Assignee
Schering AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schering AG filed Critical Schering AG
Publication of EP0441820A1 publication Critical patent/EP0441820A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/02—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring liquids other than fuel or lubricants
    • B67D7/0288—Container connection means
    • B67D7/0294—Combined with valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/04—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring fuels, lubricants or mixed fuels and lubricants
    • B67D7/0476—Vapour recovery systems
    • B67D7/0478—Vapour recovery systems constructional features or components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06—Details or accessories
    • B67D7/32—Arrangements of safety or warning devices; Means for preventing unauthorised delivery of liquid
    • B67D7/34—Means for preventing unauthorised delivery of liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06—Details or accessories
    • B67D7/42—Filling nozzles
    • B67D7/54—Filling nozzles with means for preventing escape of liquid or vapour or for recovering escaped liquid or vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06—Details or accessories
    • B67D7/42—Filling nozzles
    • B67D7/54—Filling nozzles with means for preventing escape of liquid or vapour or for recovering escaped liquid or vapour
    • B67D2007/545—Additional means for preventing dispensing of liquid by incorrect sealing engagement with the tank opening of the vapour recovering means, e.g. bellows, shrouds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86292—System with plural openings, one a gas vent or access opening
    • Y10T137/86324—Tank with gas vent and inlet or outlet
    • Y10T137/86332—Vent and inlet or outlet in unitary mounting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a loading device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Filling devices for filling transportable containers are known per se in a wide variety of forms. For example, they are connected to a stationary supply line via a flexible connecting line and are accessible for manual guidance or handling. According to the.
  • the type of liquid product in question in particular the extent of the environmental hazard and possible harmful effects emanating from it, special safety precautions and other measures must be taken to prevent uncontrolled escape of the product from the lines mentioned into the environment and in order to prevent any adverse effects on the environment resulting from the filling process.
  • the latter relates, for example, to a controlled discharge of the exhaust air or exhaust gases that occur when a container is being filled, for example by means of a constantly under a certain vacuum standing exhaust gas supply system.
  • An uncontrolled escape of the filling material into the environment can occur in a variety of ways as a result of incorrect operation or the incorrect condition of the connection of the filling device to the respective container.
  • a valve closing the filler pipe is actuated in a container, such as a tank container, depending on the state of attachment of the filling device.
  • a container such as a tank container
  • the filling device forms the end link of a flexible, for example
  • Management e.g. of a hose, which in turn is connected to a stationary filling system, at the end point of which counters, shut-off valves or the like are arranged.
  • the valve mentioned at the same time prevents the remaining amount of liquid in the flexible line from escaping in an uncontrolled manner in a filling device detached from a tank container, so that the said line runs empty.
  • human misconduct which amounts to an unintentional triggering of a filling process therefore has no harmful effects.
  • the structural design of the valve in particular its functional linkage with the fastening of the filling device to the closure opening of the tank container, can in principle be of any design. All that is essential is that the valve only opens after a reliable coupling between the filling device and the tank container has been achieved.
  • the filling device according to the invention also includes a venting valve which is actuated automatically depending on the fastening state.
  • the vent valve is only opened when a proper coupling with the respective tank container has been achieved.
  • This aspect is of great importance in exhaust gas or exhaust air disposal systems, the pipeline network of which is constantly under a certain suppression.
  • By opening the vent valve only after the coupling with the reservoir has been established unnecessary intake of false air is prevented, so that the amount of exhaust gas to be disposed of is limited to the amount of gas that can be extracted from the respective tank. container is actually displaced as a result of the filling process.
  • This type of control of the ventilation valve thus makes a significant contribution to the economical operation of an exhaust gas disposal system.
  • the filling device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the economical operation of large, automatically operated filling systems containing exhaust air supply systems. In the case of gas pedal operation, the intake of air or gas is also kept to a minimum.
  • a switch can also be provided, which is also actuated by the fastening state of the filling device.
  • this switch can generate an electrical, but also a pneumatic or other output signal which indicates the state of attachment of the filling device and is used for internal and external control processes and interlocks required within a filling system. For example, in this way it can be prevented that in the event of an incorrect coupling of the fastening device to the tank container, pressure builds up in the respective flexible connecting line.
  • the switch can also be integrated in any way into more complex monitoring systems, for the operation of which a signal indicating the fastening state of the filling device is necessary or expedient.
  • the sliding movement of the sleeve parts is initiated by a screwing process which is carried out, for example, by means of a union nut which surrounds one of the two sleeve parts, the latter being screwed to a pipe socket covering the bunghole of a tank container.
  • the switching movements are thus derived from the axial displacement of the socket parts relative to a defined screw connection.
  • the ventilation valve is structurally combined with the sleeve parts mentioned, which results in a particularly simple construction.
  • the sleeve parts are elastically fixed in their axial position relative to one another by means of a spring element and are designed to be open with respect to their end facing the tank container.
  • the filling pipe penetrating the socket parts takes up only a part of the cross section of the socket parts.
  • a flexible line for example a hose, can in turn be connected to an exhaust gas pipe section connected to the bores of the respective outer sleeve part, which in turn forms the connecting link to an automated filling system comprising an exhaust gas supply system.
  • the features of claim 8 are directed to a simple structural implementation of the switching movement of the sleeve parts for actuating the valve arranged at the outlet of the filling pipe.
  • the actuating rod arranged here is mechanically very simple and very robust component for the transmission of this switching movement.
  • the switch according to claim 9 can be actuated in a particularly simple manner via an actuating pin, the actual switch being arranged in such a way that the pin transmits the movement of the sleeve parts relative to one another, to the extent that with reliable screwing of the filling device the aforementioned pipe socket the switch is converted into a switching position indicating this operating state.
  • other switching principles e.g. Valves, mechanical or non-contact switches are used. It is only essential that the screwing state can be clearly identified and implemented in terms of circuitry.
  • a filling level sensor can also be integrated into the filling device in terms of components.
  • the signal generated by the filling device on the output side and indicating the filling state of the respective tank container can in turn be used in any desired manner in a higher-level measuring and monitoring system.
  • FIG. 1 shows an enlarged illustration of a filling device according to the invention in section
  • FIG. 5 shows an application example of a filling device in connection with a scale assigned to a tank container
  • Fig. 6 shows an application example of a filling device with actuation in the manner of a component-integrated nozzle.
  • FIG. 1 denotes the filling device in its entirety. In the illustration shown, it is screwed onto the pipe socket 2 of the bung hole 3 of a tank container, which is otherwise not shown. It comprises a tubular guide in a liquid medium serving base body or the filling pipe 4, which protrudes with its one end into the tank container and at its other end with Anschlußarmature ⁇ , indicated in its entirety by 5, (for isolated Fig. " 4) Serve coupling a connecting hose, pipe or the like.
  • the filling pipe 4 is inserted into a sleeve part 6, which is provided on its end facing the pipe socket 2 with a radially outwardly extending ring flange 7, which is intended to rest on the pipe socket 2.
  • the sleeve part 6 is closed on its end facing away from the ring flange 7 by a base part 8, the latter being penetrated by the filling pipe 4.
  • the bottom part 8 is designed as a flat disc.
  • a further sleeve part is designated, which coaxially surrounds the sleeve part 6 and is slidably arranged relative to the latter.
  • the sleeve part 9 is provided at its end facing the bung hole 3 with an annular flange 10 and is closed at its other end by a base part into which the filling tube 4 is inserted in a sealing manner.
  • the number 12 denotes a reinforcing ring which surrounds the sleeve part 9 on the outside and which is adjacent to this, and which serves to fasten an exhaust pipe 13.
  • the end of this exhaust pipe 13 facing the filling device 1 is welded into an opening of the reinforcement ring 12, the latter opening in turn covering a plurality of bores 14 in the wall of the sleeve part 9. The importance of these bores 14 will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the exhaust pipe 13 is in turn provided with insulated connection fittings, which are denoted here in their entirety by 15. These connection fittings 15 are used for the insulated coupling of a flexible line, a hose, a pipeline or the like according to FIG. 4. When used according to FIGS. 2, 3, 5 and 6, these connection fittings 5, 15 can be omitted if no electrical lines Daily monitoring is carried out.
  • a union sleeve surrounding the sleeve part 9 on the outside Nut 17 is equipped at one end with a radially inwardly projecting flange 18 for gripping over the annular flange 10 and screwed onto the external thread 19 of the pipe socket 2.
  • the union nut 17 is provided with a number of handles 6S or the like, which are schematically indicated here and are welded to the union nut 17 on the outside.
  • the helical spring 21 denotes a helical spring surrounding the filling pipe 4 on the outside, supported on the one hand on the base part 8 of the sleeve part 6 and on the other hand on the bottom part 11 of the sleeve part 9, by means of which the ring flange 10 is pressed elastically against the flange 13 under mechanical prestress.
  • the union nut 17 By tightening or loosening the union nut 17, the helical spring 21 is thus tensioned or relaxed.
  • the bores 22 correspond in their dimensions to the bores 14 and are arranged relative to the latter in such a way that the bores 14 and 22 can be brought into alignment with one another by axially displacing the sleeve part 9 relative to the sleeve part 6.
  • the bores 14, 22 in connection with the corresponding sections of the socket parts 6, 9 form a vent valve 20, which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the filling pipe 4 has an enlarged section 23, the end of which facing the tank interior is closed by a valve 24.
  • the valve 24 has a spherical blocking body 25 which closes an outflow opening 26 and to which an actuating rod 27 is fastened.
  • the actuating rod 27 extends essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base body 4 and is fixed at its end in the base part 8 of the socket part 9. It can be seen from this that tightening or loosening the union nut 17 results in relative displacement of the sleeve part 9 with respect to the sleeve part 6 in the direction of the arrows 28, as a result of which the outflow opening 26 is opened or closed by a movement of the blocking body 25 which speaks accordingly.
  • 31 denotes a fill level sensor sealingly screwed into the base part 11, which in principle can be based on any desired, for example electrical or pneumatic, functional principles.
  • the headboard 32 of this 01 fill level sensor 31 is provided with corresponding signal lines, which, however, are also not shown in FIG. 1.
  • the insulating union nuts 62, 63, the seal 64 are used
  • the filling device according to the invention is characterized by a series of special safety precautions by which harmful effects as a result of incorrect operation or other mishandling can be largely avoided.
  • vent valve 20 is not opened before this screw is made.
  • a further signal derived from the screw connection can be passed on to external control devices via the switch 30.
  • An inadequate screw connection is thus detected by the switch 30 and can already be used in terms of control technology within a filling system to prevent a product flow.
  • the filling device 1 represents the end link of, for example, a flexible metal hose, to which a counter and a shut-off valve are assigned. This means that the interior of the filling pipe 4 can be filled with liquid kit before the screw connection with the pipe socket of the bung hole. An uncontrolled emergence of the same however, the valve 24 prevents the fill pipe from escaping.
  • FIG. 1 shows a filling device 1 which points to the
  • Pipe socket 2 of a container 34 is screwed on.
  • a flexible line 35 connects the connection fitting 5 of the filling pipe 4 to a, for example, stationary supply line 36, at the end point of which a counter 37 and also a quick-closing valve 38 or other shut-off device are arranged, which can be actuated by the counter 37.
  • the latter active principle is indicated by the dashed line 39.
  • the counter 37 is designed such that a defined liquid quantity can be set on it, after the flow of which the quick-closing valve 38 is automatically actuated.
  • 40 is another flexible line which is connected to the connection fitting 15 of the exhaust line 13 and is connected to an example of a fixed exhaust gas disposal system 41, which is only indicated here in the drawing.
  • the exhaust gas disposal system 41 can be designed in the usual way so that a certain negative pressure is present within the line 40.
  • the filling device 1 connected via the lines 40, 35 to the feed line 36 or the exhaust gas disposal system 41 is placed on the pipe socket 2 and screwed by means of the union nut 17.
  • a sufficient screw connection is reached, which is signaled by a corresponding connection of the sleeve part 9 to the inner sleeve part 6, an opening of the valve 24 and the valve described above associated with the exhaust line 13 results.
  • the desired amount of liquid is then set on the counter 37 and the filling process is initiated by opening the quick-closing valve 38.
  • the filling process is ended as soon as the quantity of liquid set on the counter 37 and to be introduced into the tank 34 is reached.
  • FIG. 3 differs from that in FIG. 2 in that the quick-closing valve 38 is in operative connection with the switch 30 via the signal line 67 so that the filling process is triggered by opening the closing valve 3S by means of which is attached to the counter 37 is as long as the filling device is not sufficiently screwed to the pipe socket 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the filling device is equipped with a filling level sensor 31 and is integrated in a system in which special protective measures plus static electricity and possibly defective lines 35, 40 are additionally provided.
  • the line 35 is connected at both ends via electrically insulating screw and flange connections 42, 43 to the filling pipe 4 or the feed line 36.
  • the line 40 is connected to the exhaust gas line 13 on the one hand via further electrically insulating screw and flange connections 44, 45 and the exhaust gas supply system 41 is connected on the other hand.
  • Both line 35 and line 40 are electrically conductive in a manner known per se. With 46 only resistances are indicated, by means of which the flange connections 42 - 45 are electrically bridged, so that local electrostatic electricity is prevented from occurring.
  • a control device which, in a manner yet to be described, is operatively connected to a monitoring device 48, a display device 49 and the quick-closing valve 38 or another shut-off device.
  • 50 denotes an actuating device which is connected to the monitoring device.
  • An electrical line 51 leads from the monitoring device 48 via an emergency stop switch 52, the line 35, an electrical line 53, the fill level sensor 31, an electrical line 54, the switch 30, a further electrical line 55, the line 40 and a cable run 56 back to the monitoring device 48, by means of which this circuit is closed.
  • 57 denotes a network connection to which the monitoring device 48 is connected.
  • the fill level sensor 31 here is a thermistor, known per se, whose function principle is based on a change in resistance when immersed in a cold liquid. In order to monitor the fill level, this last-mentioned current crisis is thus impressed with a certain voltage, wherein depending on the resistance or conductivity of the circuit, a certain current is obtained, from the measurement of which the detection of faults is derived.
  • this filling device 1 To use this filling device 1 according to FIG. 4, it is first screwed - as already shown - by means of the union 17 to the pipe socket 2 of the tank container 34 in such a way that the valve 24 and the ventilation line assigned to the ventilation line 13 are opened at all. A closure of the switch 30 is also connected to the screw connection.
  • the condition of the connection solution and the fill level of the tank container 34 are first checked by means of the monitoring device 48 using the circuit described above. For this purpose, the conductivity or the resistance within a defined time interval is measured during a defined time interval. If, for example, one of the solutions 35, 40 is defective, for example if there is a break or damage, the resistance is immediately recognized.
  • the display device 49 which can be, for example, the monitor of an EDP system, serves to indicate faults or the switching status of the system shown here.
  • the filling device 1 according to the invention is particularly suitable for integration into more complex security or monitoring systems and is therefore particularly suitable for handling environmentally hazardous liquids, for example water-hazardous, flammable liquid mixtures, acids, solvents or the like in which an uncontrolled exit from line systems must be prevented.
  • environmentally hazardous liquids for example water-hazardous, flammable liquid mixtures, acids, solvents or the like in which an uncontrolled exit from line systems must be prevented.
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment in which a valve is actuated by means of the switch 30 integrated into the filling device 1, by means of which a signal 58 is transmitted pneumatically to a control device 58 which indicates the screwing state of the union nut 17 displays.
  • the linkage of the switch 30 with the control device 58 can, however, in principle also take place via other signal carriers.
  • the tank container 34 is placed on a scale 59, on the control unit 60 of which the desired quantity of a filling material to be introduced into the tank container 34 can be adjusted. If this target quantity is apparent, an appropriate signal from the control device 58 is sent via the line 61 fed.
  • gravitationally predetermined filling of liquid filling material into a tank container 34 or another vessel is thus made possible.
  • the filling process is initiated by means of the control device 53, which means that the quick-closing valve 38 or the shut-off valve arranged here is only actuated when the union nut 17 is reliably screwed on, as a result of which the valve 24 and that of the exhaust pipe 13 assigned vent valve open / earth. However, the latter opening only takes place if / via line 61, the reaching of the set target quantity or the pending of another limit value is not signaled.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a filling device, which in turn contains the valve 24 as a nozzle according to the preceding exemplary embodiments, the locking by the actuating pin 29 now acting directly mechanically or by means of a switch 30 on the actuation of the nozzle. If the union nut 17 is not properly tightened, actuation of the nozzle is thus ineffective.
  • the functional linkage of the bowing / throwing of the union nut with the actuating mechanism of the fuel nozzle can in principle be done as desired.
  • the nozzle is provided with a filling level sensor, through which the filling process is carried out as soon as the maximum permissible liquid level is detected.
  • the nozzle shown here, integrated in the filling device 1, is in turn not only connected to a feed line 36 but also to an exhaust gas disposal system in the preceding exemplary embodiments, so that even with this variant ante the amount of exhaust gas to be disposed of is kept to a minimum.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)

Abstract

De nombreux dispositifs de remplissage utilisés pour remplir des récipients transportables de liquides dangereux pour l'environnement sont considérés comme peu sûrs car une pollution risque de se produire notamment par suite de fausses manoeuvres. Des dispositifs de remplissage connus qui doivent être raccordés à des installations d'élimination d'effluents gazeux lors du remplissage avec certains types de liquides sont insuffisamment adaptés à un emploi avec ces installations. Le dispositif de remplissage (1) décrit est caractérisé par une soupape (24) agencée à l'extrémité d'un tuyau de remplissage (4), une soupape d'évacuation (20) et un commutateur (30). Les soupapes (24, 20) et le commutateur (30) peuvent être actionnés en fonction de l'état de vissage du dispositif de remplissage (1) sur la tubulure (2) d'un réservoir (34). Une fausse manoeuvre due à un vissage incorrect du dispositif de remplissage (1) peut ainsi être évitée. En même temps, seule une quantité minimale d'effluents gazeux doit être éliminée.
EP89911997A 1988-10-26 1989-09-26 Dispositif de remplissage Pending EP0441820A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3836365 1988-10-26
DE19883836365 DE3836365A1 (de) 1988-10-26 1988-10-26 Befuelleinrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0441820A1 true EP0441820A1 (fr) 1991-08-21

Family

ID=6365899

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89911997A Pending EP0441820A1 (fr) 1988-10-26 1989-09-26 Dispositif de remplissage
EP19890202808 Expired - Lifetime EP0366215B1 (fr) 1988-10-26 1989-09-26 Dispositif de remplissage

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890202808 Expired - Lifetime EP0366215B1 (fr) 1988-10-26 1989-09-26 Dispositif de remplissage

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US5186224A (fr)
EP (2) EP0441820A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2898325B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE85593T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3836365A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990004566A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0366215A1 (fr) 1990-05-02
EP0366215B1 (fr) 1993-02-10
DE3836365A1 (de) 1990-05-10
JPH04501399A (ja) 1992-03-12
US5279341A (en) 1994-01-18
DE58903522D1 (de) 1993-03-25
US5186224A (en) 1993-02-16
ATE85593T1 (de) 1993-02-15
WO1990004566A1 (fr) 1990-05-03
JP2898325B2 (ja) 1999-05-31

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