EP0302773A1 - Fire-fighting method and application of this method - Google Patents
Fire-fighting method and application of this method Download PDFInfo
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- EP0302773A1 EP0302773A1 EP88401905A EP88401905A EP0302773A1 EP 0302773 A1 EP0302773 A1 EP 0302773A1 EP 88401905 A EP88401905 A EP 88401905A EP 88401905 A EP88401905 A EP 88401905A EP 0302773 A1 EP0302773 A1 EP 0302773A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0278—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires by creating zones devoid of flammable material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fire-fighting method, for example against forest fires.
- the means of fighting fires such as, for example, those of forests, are based on two main principles.
- the first is preventive and consists in establishing in the forest areas in which the fuel favoring the progression of a fire (propagating element) is partially or completely removed (fire stop area).
- the second principle consists in fighting by intervening actively on the front of the fire in order to make the vegetation downstream of it not combustible (non-propagating element), by adding water with or without delaying products. This contribution is made by airplanes or motor pumps so that the wet area is as continuous as possible, or even submerged by water.
- Another drawback of the prior art was mainly to maximize the preventive or control means so as to be sure of stopping the fire.
- a first object of the invention is to propose a method of fighting against fire making it possible to optimize the means of fighting against fire by applying the theory of percolation.
- the fire-fighting method is characterized in that it consists in using non-propagative elements or in implementing means to render the combustible elements non-propagative, so that the percentage of non-propagative sites that the fire is likely to encounter is greater than a given threshold less than 100%.
- the number of propagative and non-propagative sites is greater than 150 and the number of non-propagative sites varies in a range between 25 and 60% of all the sites.
- this threshold varies in a range between 25 and 60% for forest fires.
- this threshold is preferably chosen to be 42% to stop forest fires in the absence of wind.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a method of preventive fire fighting and optimizing the means.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the non-propagative elements consist of non-combustible plants planted in the proportions indicated according to a random distribution, to optimize and reduce the costs of brush cutting and creation of firebreak zones.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a method making it possible to optimize the active means of control, while reducing the dangers for the workers.
- the means of the method for making the elements of a zone non-propagative consist of sprinkler heads with humidifying fluid jets, arranged so that the area sprayed is greater than the given threshold.
- the means of the method for making the elements of an area non-propagative consist of transportable bombs or containers, projected or dropped.
- the humidifying fluid may contain retardants.
- Figure 1 shows the use of percolation theory in a fire fighting process.
- a propagative phenomenon such as fire cannot develop in an environment where the proportion of inactive or non-propagative sites compared to active or propagative sites is greater than or equal to a number which it is agreed to call threshold percolation.
- a combustible site such as a forest is divided into three zones, a first zone comprising exclusively combustible sites (11), a second zone (2) of width (L) comprising a random distribution of combustible sites (21) and non-combustible sites (20) (sites represented by hatching), and the proportion of which is greater than the percolation threshold.
- a third zone (3) is constituted as the first by exclusively combustible sites (31). It has been observed that a fire propagating in the direction of the arrows (A) propagates in the zone (1) and is stopped at the level of the zone (2) when the proportion of non-propagative sites (20) relative to the propagative sites (21) exceeds a certain percentage. In this case, the fire does not spread inside the zone (3) and the fire stops in the zone (2).
- a threshold between 25 and 60% for forest fires, we can either slow down or stop the fire, depending on the wind conditions and the chosen threshold. .
- a threshold Preferably, when we want to stop a forest fire, in the absence of wind, we will choose a threshold equal to 42%.
- a number of propagative and non-propagative sites greater than 150 and the number of propagative sites must represent a range of 25 to 60% of all the sites , which may represent an area or equivalent volume of the order of 25 to 60% of the area or total volume of the area considered.
- the non-propagative sites will preferably consist either of non-combustible plants planted singly or in thickets among the existing natural vegetation. These plants will be chosen from non-combustible species that are known or that can be developed later.
- Another means of rendering the elements of a site non-propagative can consist of implanting nozzles or fixed mouths producing jets of fluid such as water or foam and which may contain retardants. These hydrating elements or nozzles are put into operation on manual or automatic control when approaching the fire and their distribution is such that the zones watered by these elements and made non-propagative correspond to the deceleration threshold or the threshold for stopping the fire indicated above. In known manner, an automatic control coming from a fire detection device can control these nozzles.
- the method of the invention can also be used for fighting fires in buildings so as to optimize the number of nozzles and detection elements, this on the one hand to reduce the costs of installation and on the other hand to limit the damage due to the flooding of the premises.
- the above principle allowing the combination of combustible zones and non-combustible zones can be advantageously used in the construction of houses to limit the quantity of non-combustible materials. This is to reduce construction costs, without reducing safety and prevention.
- Another means of making the sites non-propagative can consist of bombs thrown or dropped downstream of the fire front and dispersing during the explosion a fluid such as water or foam containing or not retardants.
- a fluid such as water or foam containing or not retardants.
- the method used and the various means allowing the implementation of the method by producing zones of non-propagative elements contribute to the optimization of the fight against fire.
- the fire-fighting method consists in using non-propagating elements or in implementing means to render the combustible elements non-propagative, so that the percentage of non-propagating sites that the fire is likely to meet either above a given threshold below 100%.
- the neutralization of a site can be done by explosion within the vegetation of an envelope containing a specified quantity of water. This explosion is caused either by impact with the ground, or by remote control at a determined height above the ground.
- bombs with a flexible envelope are preferably used, while rigid envelopes are used in the case of a remote-controlled explosion.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de lutte contre l'incendie, par exemple contre les incendies de forêts.The present invention relates to a fire-fighting method, for example against forest fires.
Actuellement, les moyens de lutte contre les incendies tels que, par exemple, ceux de forêts, sont basés sur deux grands principes. Le premier est préventif et consiste à établir dans la forêt des zones dans lesquelles le combustible favorisant la progression d'un feu (élément propagatif) est partiellement ou complètement enlevé (zone coupe-feu).Currently, the means of fighting fires such as, for example, those of forests, are based on two main principles. The first is preventive and consists in establishing in the forest areas in which the fuel favoring the progression of a fire (propagating element) is partially or completely removed (fire stop area).
Le deuxième principe consiste à lutter en intervenant activement sur le front du feu afin de rendre la végétation en aval de celui-ci non combustible (élément non propagatif), par apport d'eau additionnée ou non de produits retardants. Cet apport se faisant par avions ou motopompes de façon que la zone mouillée soit la plus continue possible, voire même submergée par l'eau.The second principle consists in fighting by intervening actively on the front of the fire in order to make the vegetation downstream of it not combustible (non-propagating element), by adding water with or without delaying products. This contribution is made by airplanes or motor pumps so that the wet area is as continuous as possible, or even submerged by water.
Ces moyens de prévention et de lutte présentent cependant des inconvénients. Ainsi, la création de zones coupe-feu impose la suppression complète de la végétation sur des surfaces pouvant être importantes, d'où un coût élevé et un préjudice à la nature. De même, dans le cas où on effectue des débroussaillages, ceux-ci, pour être efficaces doivent être très souvent renouvelés, ce qui occasionne des coûts importants. Enfin l'intervention active, pour être efficace nécessite des conditions de rapidité et de précision de l'action, de continuité et de quantité de moyens. Ces conditions présentent souvent des dangers pour les intervenants, par exemple vol à basse altitude des aéronefs, distance réduite par rapport au feu d'un grand nombre de personnes.These means of prevention and control have drawbacks, however. Thus, the creation of firebreak zones requires the complete removal of vegetation on potentially large areas, resulting in high cost and damage to nature. Likewise, in the case where brushcutting is carried out, in order to be effective, it must very often be renewed, which causes significant costs. Finally, active intervention, to be effective, requires conditions of speed and precision of action, continuity and quantity of means. These conditions often present dangers for responders, for example low-flying aircraft, reduced distance from the fire of a large number of people.
Un autre inconvénient de l'art antérieur était principalement de maximiser les moyens préventifs ou de lutte de façon à être sûr d'arrêter le feu.Another drawback of the prior art was mainly to maximize the preventive or control means so as to be sure of stopping the fire.
Un premier but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé de lutte contre l'incendie permettant d'optimiser les moyens de lutte contre l'incendie par application de la théorie de la percolation.A first object of the invention is to propose a method of fighting against fire making it possible to optimize the means of fighting against fire by applying the theory of percolation.
Ce premier but est atteint par le fait que le procédé de lutte contre l'incendie est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à utiliser des éléments non propagatifs ou à mettre en oeuvre des moyens pour rendre non propagatifs les éléments combustibles, de façon que le pourcentage des sites non propagatifs que l'incendie est susceptible de rencontrer soit supérieur à un seuil donné inférieur à 100%.This first object is achieved by the fact that the fire-fighting method is characterized in that it consists in using non-propagative elements or in implementing means to render the combustible elements non-propagative, so that the percentage of non-propagative sites that the fire is likely to encounter is greater than a given threshold less than 100%.
Selon une autre caractéristique pour une zone donnée le nombre de sites propagatifs et non propagatifs est supérieur à 150 et le nombre de sites non propagatifs varie dans une plage comprise entre 25 et 60% de l'ensemble des sites.According to another characteristic for a given area, the number of propagative and non-propagative sites is greater than 150 and the number of non-propagative sites varies in a range between 25 and 60% of all the sites.
Selon une autre caractéristique, ce seuil varie dans une plage comprise entre 25 et 60 % pour les feux de forêts.According to another characteristic, this threshold varies in a range between 25 and 60% for forest fires.
Selon une autre caractéristique, ce seuil est choisi de préférence égal à 42 % pour arrêter les feux de forêts en l'absence de vent.According to another characteristic, this threshold is preferably chosen to be 42% to stop forest fires in the absence of wind.
Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé de lutte préventif contre l'incendie et optimisant les moyens.Another object of the invention is to propose a method of preventive fire fighting and optimizing the means.
Ce but est atteint par le fait que le procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que les éléments non propagatifs sont constitués par des végétaux non combustibles plantés dans les proportions indiquées suivant une répartition aléatoire, pour optimiser et réduire les coûts de débroussaillage et de création de zones coupe-feu.This object is achieved by the fact that the method according to the invention is characterized in that the non-propagative elements consist of non-combustible plants planted in the proportions indicated according to a random distribution, to optimize and reduce the costs of brush cutting and creation of firebreak zones.
Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé permettant d'optimiser les moyens actifs de lutte, tout en réduisant les dangers pour les intervenants.Another object of the invention is to propose a method making it possible to optimize the active means of control, while reducing the dangers for the workers.
Ce but est atteint par le fait que les moyens du procédé pour rendre non propagatifs les éléments d'une zone sont constitués par des têtes d'arrosage à jets de fluide humidifiants, disposées de façon que la surface arrosée soit supérieur au seuil donné.This object is achieved by the fact that the means of the method for making the elements of a zone non-propagative consist of sprinkler heads with humidifying fluid jets, arranged so that the area sprayed is greater than the given threshold.
Selon une autre caractéristique, les moyens du procédé pour rendre non propagatifs les éléments d'une zone sont constitués par des bombes ou containers transportables, projetés ou lâchés.According to another characteristic, the means of the method for making the elements of an area non-propagative consist of transportable bombs or containers, projected or dropped.
Selon une autre caractéristique, on utilise comme fluide humidifiant de l'eau ou une mousse, selon une autre caractéristique, le fluide humidifiant peut contenir des retardants.According to another characteristic, water or foam is used as the humidifying fluid, according to another characteristic, the humidifying fluid may contain retardants.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence à la figure unique représentant l'utilisation du procédé de l'invention dans la lutte contre l'incendie.Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the description below, made with reference to the single figure representing the use of the method of the invention in the fight against fire.
La figure 1 représente l'utilisation de la théorie de la percolation dans un procédé de lutte contre l'incendie.Figure 1 shows the use of percolation theory in a fire fighting process.
Selon cette théorie, un phénomène propagatif tel que le feu ne peut se développer dans un milieu où la proportion des sites inactifs ou non propagatifs par rapport aux sites actifs ou propagatifs est supérieure ou égale à un nombre qu'il est convenu d'appeler seuil de percolation. Ainsi si l'on prend l'exemple de la figure 1, dans laquelle un site combustibble tel qu'une forêt est divisé en trois zones, une première zone comportant exclusivement des sites combustibles (11), une deuxième zone (2) de largeur (L) comportant une distribution aléatoire de sites combustibles (21) et de sites non combustibles (20) (sites représentés par des hâchures), et dont la proportion est supérieure au seuil de percolation.According to this theory, a propagative phenomenon such as fire cannot develop in an environment where the proportion of inactive or non-propagative sites compared to active or propagative sites is greater than or equal to a number which it is agreed to call threshold percolation. So if we take the example of figure 1, in which a combustible site such as a forest is divided into three zones, a first zone comprising exclusively combustible sites (11), a second zone (2) of width (L) comprising a random distribution of combustible sites (21) and non-combustible sites (20) (sites represented by hatching), and the proportion of which is greater than the percolation threshold.
Une troisième zone (3) est constituée comme la première par des sites exclusivement combustibles (31). On a constaté qu'un feu se propageant dans le sens des flèches (A) se propage dans la zone (1) et se trouve arrêté au niveau de la zone (2) lorsque la proportion de sites non propagatifs (20) par rapport aux sites propagatifs (21) dépasse un certain pourcentage. Dans ce cas, le feu ne se propage pas à l'intérieur de la zone (3) et l'incendie s'arrête dans la zone (2).A third zone (3) is constituted as the first by exclusively combustible sites (31). It has been observed that a fire propagating in the direction of the arrows (A) propagates in the zone (1) and is stopped at the level of the zone (2) when the proportion of non-propagative sites (20) relative to the propagative sites (21) exceeds a certain percentage. In this case, the fire does not spread inside the zone (3) and the fire stops in the zone (2).
Par l'expérience, on a constaté que dans le cas d'un seuil compris entre 25 et 60 % pour les feux de forêts on arrivait soit à ralentir, soit à arrêter l'incendie, en fonction des conditions de vent et du seuil choisi. De préférence, lorsque l'on veut arrêter un incendie de forêt, en l'absence de vent, on choisira un seuil égal à 42 %. De façon avantageuse, pour avoir un effet de percolation, il faut, pour une zone donnée un nombre de sites propagatifs et non propagatifs supérieur à 150 et le nombre de sites propagatifs doit représenter une fourchette de 25 à 60% de l'ensemble des sites, ce qui peut représenter une surface ou un volume équivalent de l'ordre de 25 à 60% de la surface ou du volume total de la zone considérée.Experience has shown that in the case of a threshold between 25 and 60% for forest fires, we can either slow down or stop the fire, depending on the wind conditions and the chosen threshold. . Preferably, when we want to stop a forest fire, in the absence of wind, we will choose a threshold equal to 42%. Advantageously, to have a percolation effect, it is necessary, for a given area, a number of propagative and non-propagative sites greater than 150 and the number of propagative sites must represent a range of 25 to 60% of all the sites , which may represent an area or equivalent volume of the order of 25 to 60% of the area or total volume of the area considered.
Les sites non propagatifs seront constitués de préférence soit par des végétaux non combustibles plantés isolément ou en bosquets parmi la végétation naturelle existante. Ces végétaux seront choisis parmi les essences non combustibles que l'on connait ou qui pourront être développées ultérieurement.The non-propagative sites will preferably consist either of non-combustible plants planted singly or in thickets among the existing natural vegetation. These plants will be chosen from non-combustible species that are known or that can be developed later.
Un autre moyen de rendre les éléments d'un site non propagatifs peut consister à implanter des buses ou bouches fixes produisant des jets de fluide tel que de l'eau ou de la mousse et pouvant contenir des retardants. Ces éléments hydrants ou buses sont mis en fonctionnement sur commande manuelle ou automatique à l'approche du feu et leur répartition est telle que les zones arrosées par ces éléments et rendues non propagatives correspondent au seuil de ralentissement ou au seuil d'arrêt de l'incendie indiqué ci-dessus. De façon connue une commande automatique provenant d'un dispositif de détection du feu pourra commander ces buses.Another means of rendering the elements of a site non-propagative can consist of implanting nozzles or fixed mouths producing jets of fluid such as water or foam and which may contain retardants. These hydrating elements or nozzles are put into operation on manual or automatic control when approaching the fire and their distribution is such that the zones watered by these elements and made non-propagative correspond to the deceleration threshold or the threshold for stopping the fire indicated above. In known manner, an automatic control coming from a fire detection device can control these nozzles.
On comprend aisément que le procédé de l'invention peut être utilisé également pour la lutte contre les incendies dans les immeubles de façon à optimiser le nombre de buses et d'éléments de détection, ceci d'une part pour réduire les coûts de l'installation et d'autre part pour limiter les dégats dûs à l'inondation des locaux. De même, le principe précédent permettant de combiner les zones combustibles et les zones non combustibles peut être utilisé de façon avantageuse dans la construction des maisons pour limiter la quantité de matériaux non combustibles. Ceci pour diminuer les coûts de la construction, sans diminuer la sécurité et la prévention.It is easily understood that the method of the invention can also be used for fighting fires in buildings so as to optimize the number of nozzles and detection elements, this on the one hand to reduce the costs of installation and on the other hand to limit the damage due to the flooding of the premises. Likewise, the above principle allowing the combination of combustible zones and non-combustible zones can be advantageously used in the construction of houses to limit the quantity of non-combustible materials. This is to reduce construction costs, without reducing safety and prevention.
Un autre moyen permettant de rendre les sites non propagatifs peut être constitué par des bombes projetées ou lachées à l'aval du front du feu et dispersant lors de l'explosion un fluide tel que de l'eau ou de la mousse contenant ou non des retardants. Ces moyens de projection du fluide d'humidification de la végétation du site projetant le fluide du bas vers le haut, présentent l'avantage de tenir compte du caractère fractal de la végétation, c'est-à-dire de la forme en arborescence des végétaux. Dans ce cas la projection faite dans le sens de l'arborescence assure une bien meilleure humidification que celle assurée, par exemple, par la projection ou le lâchage d'eau à partir d'un aéronef.Another means of making the sites non-propagative can consist of bombs thrown or dropped downstream of the fire front and dispersing during the explosion a fluid such as water or foam containing or not retardants. These means for projecting the humidification fluid from the vegetation of the site projecting the fluid from the bottom up, have the advantage of taking into account the fractal nature of the vegetation, that is to say the tree-like shape of the plants. In this case the projection made in the direction of the tree ensures a much better humidification than that ensured, for example, by the projection or the release of water from an aircraft.
Ainsi, le procédé utilisé et les différents moyens permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé en réalisant des zones d'éléments non propagatifs contribuent à l'optimisation de la lutte contre le feu.Thus, the method used and the various means allowing the implementation of the method by producing zones of non-propagative elements contribute to the optimization of the fight against fire.
Comme on l'a vu précédemment, le procédé de lutte contre l'incendie consiste à utiliser des éléments non propagatifs ou à mettre en oeuvre des moyens pour rendre non propagatifs les éléments combustibles, de façon que le pourcentage des sites non propagatifs que l'incendie est susceptible de rencontrer soit supérieur à un seuil donné inférieur à 100 % .As we have seen above, the fire-fighting method consists in using non-propagating elements or in implementing means to render the combustible elements non-propagative, so that the percentage of non-propagating sites that the fire is likely to meet either above a given threshold below 100%.
L'avantage d'un tel procédé utilisant la théorie de la percolation est de pouvoir à la fois être utilisé comme moyen de lutte contre le feu mais également en tant qu'élément préventif.The advantage of such a method using the percolation theory is that it can be used both as a means of fighting fire but also as a preventive element.
D'autres modifications à la portée de l'homme de métier font également partie de l'esprit de l'invention. Ainsi dans le cas de l'utilisation des bombes à eau, la neutralisation d'un site peut se faire par explosion au sein de la végétation d'une enveloppe contenant une quantité spécifiée d'eau. Cette explosion est provoquée, soit par l'impact au sol, soit par télécommande à une hauteur déterminée par rapport au sol. Dans le cas de l'explosion par impact au sol, on utilise de préférence des bombes à enveloppe souple, tandis que des enveloppes rigides servent dans le cas d'explosion télécommandée.Other modifications within the reach of the skilled person are also part of the spirit of the invention. Thus in the case of the use of water bombs, the neutralization of a site can be done by explosion within the vegetation of an envelope containing a specified quantity of water. This explosion is caused either by impact with the ground, or by remote control at a determined height above the ground. In the case of a ground impact explosion, bombs with a flexible envelope are preferably used, while rigid envelopes are used in the case of a remote-controlled explosion.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT88401905T ATE82867T1 (en) | 1987-07-30 | 1988-07-22 | FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES AND USE OF THESE PROCEDURES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8710803A FR2618687B1 (en) | 1987-07-30 | 1987-07-30 | FIRE FIGHTING METHOD AND USE OF THE METHOD |
| FR8710803 | 1987-07-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0302773A1 true EP0302773A1 (en) | 1989-02-08 |
| EP0302773B1 EP0302773B1 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
Family
ID=9353716
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88401905A Expired - Lifetime EP0302773B1 (en) | 1987-07-30 | 1988-07-22 | Fire-fighting method and application of this method |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4986363A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0302773B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE82867T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1299971C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3876335T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2035936T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2618687B1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3006636T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT88117B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5070945A (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1991-12-10 | Cerberus Guinard | Fire fighting method and use of the method |
| US5507350A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-04-16 | Primlani; Indru J. | Fire extinguishing with dry ice |
| DE10004976C1 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2001-09-13 | Foerdergemeinschaft Baeume Fue | Method for large scale afforestation comprises forming firebreaks or a first size and color in a regular grid pattern and a second central firebreak of a second color and width formed as a symbol or motif visible from the air |
| US7359553B1 (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2008-04-15 | Bio-Key International, Inc. | Image identification system |
| US8118108B2 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2012-02-21 | Juan Manuel Medina | Combustion process stopper |
| DE202009009349U1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2009-10-01 | Glinberg, Valeriy, Dipl.-Ing. | A fire buoy, a one-way device of early detection of the fire, a fire alarm system and the message |
| ES2395973B1 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-07-16 | María CANDIL PÉREZ | PREVENTIVE FOREST SYSTEM TO AMINORATE AND EXTINGUISH FIRE |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1209202A (en) * | 1958-06-10 | 1960-02-29 | New uses of cane de provence | |
| FR2184121A5 (en) * | 1972-01-12 | 1973-12-21 | Drouet Jean Charles | |
| FR2344302A1 (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1977-10-14 | Fabre Gerard | Installation for preventing forest fires - uses instruments to detect suitable burning conditions and start water sprinkler system |
| FR2352870A1 (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1977-12-23 | Monsanto Co | CONCENTRATED COMPOSITIONS OF AMMONIUM SALTS, USED IN THE FORM OF AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS APPLIED TO VEGETATION TO PREVENT UNCONTROLLED FIRES |
| US4616711A (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1986-10-14 | Johnson John D | System and method of controlling and preventing the spread of forest fires |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2858895A (en) * | 1957-03-29 | 1958-11-04 | United States Borax Chem | Methods and compositions for controlling fires |
| US3684019A (en) * | 1971-05-07 | 1972-08-15 | Howard W Emmons | Method for fighting a fire |
-
1987
- 1987-07-30 FR FR8710803A patent/FR2618687B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-07-22 DE DE8888401905T patent/DE3876335T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-07-22 ES ES198888401905T patent/ES2035936T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-22 EP EP88401905A patent/EP0302773B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-22 AT AT88401905T patent/ATE82867T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-26 US US07/224,574 patent/US4986363A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-07-26 CA CA000573085A patent/CA1299971C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-27 PT PT88117A patent/PT88117B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-12-22 GR GR920403082T patent/GR3006636T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1209202A (en) * | 1958-06-10 | 1960-02-29 | New uses of cane de provence | |
| FR2184121A5 (en) * | 1972-01-12 | 1973-12-21 | Drouet Jean Charles | |
| FR2344302A1 (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1977-10-14 | Fabre Gerard | Installation for preventing forest fires - uses instruments to detect suitable burning conditions and start water sprinkler system |
| FR2352870A1 (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1977-12-23 | Monsanto Co | CONCENTRATED COMPOSITIONS OF AMMONIUM SALTS, USED IN THE FORM OF AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS APPLIED TO VEGETATION TO PREVENT UNCONTROLLED FIRES |
| US4616711A (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1986-10-14 | Johnson John D | System and method of controlling and preventing the spread of forest fires |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2618687B1 (en) | 1990-06-22 |
| ATE82867T1 (en) | 1992-12-15 |
| PT88117B (en) | 1993-09-30 |
| PT88117A (en) | 1989-06-30 |
| CA1299971C (en) | 1992-05-05 |
| DE3876335T2 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
| US4986363A (en) | 1991-01-22 |
| GR3006636T3 (en) | 1993-06-30 |
| ES2035936T3 (en) | 1993-05-01 |
| DE3876335D1 (en) | 1993-01-14 |
| FR2618687A1 (en) | 1989-02-03 |
| EP0302773B1 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
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