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EP0300931B1 - Fluid reservoir and its fabrication process - Google Patents

Fluid reservoir and its fabrication process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0300931B1
EP0300931B1 EP88420254A EP88420254A EP0300931B1 EP 0300931 B1 EP0300931 B1 EP 0300931B1 EP 88420254 A EP88420254 A EP 88420254A EP 88420254 A EP88420254 A EP 88420254A EP 0300931 B1 EP0300931 B1 EP 0300931B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
envelope
reservoir
internal
internal envelope
thermoplastic material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88420254A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0300931A1 (en
Inventor
Claude Léon Hembert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8710768A external-priority patent/FR2618524B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8807256A external-priority patent/FR2632051B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT88420254T priority Critical patent/ATE67834T1/en
Publication of EP0300931A1 publication Critical patent/EP0300931A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0300931B1 publication Critical patent/EP0300931B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0114—Shape cylindrical with interiorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0607—Coatings
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0609—Straps, bands or ribbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0624—Single wall with four or more layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
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    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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    • F17C2203/0656—Metals in form of filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0665—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments radially wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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    • F17C2203/067—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments helically wound
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0673—Polymers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338—Pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reservoir for any fluid, such as gas at a pressure of the order of 10 to 500 bars (10 to 500 ⁇ 105 Pa), or a volatile flammable liquid or else a hydraulic fluid.
  • This reservoir is of the type comprising two concentric envelopes, namely an internal envelope intended to achieve fluid tightness and an external envelope intended to achieve mechanical strength.
  • This mechanical resistance is reinforced at the closed end of the container by a cup placed between the two envelopes.
  • a cup placed between the two envelopes, with which is associated a second part forming the neck, equipped with means for connection to pipes, regulator, valves, etc.
  • Such a reservoir is described in particular in French patent 2301746.
  • the cup and the neck have complementary flares facing outward, allowing the open edge of the reservoir to be pinched.
  • Document US-A-3840139 discloses a pressure tank comprising an internal envelope of thermoplastic material, and an external envelope with the interposition of a cup located on the side of the open end of the tank made in a single metal piece with a neck connection.
  • the part of the internal envelope located on the open side of the tank can be fixed on the metal part forming a neck and cup, over the entire contact surface between these two elements.
  • the outer surface of the cup and part of the outer surface of the neck are covered by the external envelope.
  • FR-A-2600750 (published on 31.12.87) on behalf of the Applicant provides an improved tank in which the neck and the cup, located on the side of the open end of the tank, are made in one piece, and in which the he inner shell is made of thermoplastic material. This tank is sealed using annular seals. However, these can have a defect or be damaged during assembly, which is relatively inconvenient. Long term leakage problems may therefore persist.
  • the present invention aims to provide a tank of this type, of simple construction, ensuring excellent sealing of the interior of the tank, without having to resort to sealing elements, such as seals.
  • the fluid reservoir of generally cylindrical shape which it relates to and which is of the type comprising an internal envelope made of thermoplastic material intended to produce the seal and an external envelope produced by filament winding and intended to ensure mechanical resistance, with the interposition between the two envelopes of a first cup located on the bottom side and a second cup located on the side of the open end of the tank, made in a single metal piece with a connection neck, the part of the inner casing located on the side of the open end of the reservoir being fixed on the metal part forming a neck and cup over the entire contact surface between the two elements, and the outside surface of the cup and part of the outside surface of the neck being covered by the outer shell, is characterized in that the connection between the inner shell and the metal part is produced by molding the internal envelope on the part, after the latter has been covered, on its surface with at least one layer of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope, and after the part has been placed in the mold allowing the envelope to be obtained.
  • the two parts considered, neck and cup on the one hand, and inner envelope on the other hand, are completely integral with each other, so that the capacity thus produced is not subject to risk of leaks due to seals or detachment between the internal envelope and the stiffening insert when the capacity is subjected to very high pressure, as it exists in the case of gas pressure storage.
  • These assembled elements give the tank a seal and resistance excellent mechanics.
  • the internal face of the neck has, in its zone covered by the inner envelope, a recess of thickness corresponding substantially to the thickness of the envelope.
  • the inner casing is embedded in the neck, which further improves the conditions of connection with sealing between these two elements.
  • thermoplastic materials capable of constituting the internal envelope it is provided that at least the surface of the metal part intended to be in contact with the envelope is covered, prior to the assembly of these two elements, a layer of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope allowing the attachment between said elements.
  • annular strip made of elastomeric material is interposed between the outer casing and at least one cup on the inclined surface of the latter so as to strengthen the mechanical connection between these two elements and to allow a certain possibility of radial displacement of the outer shell relative to the cup.
  • the reservoir comprises, over the entire contact surface between the metal part and the internal envelope, a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic epoxy and of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope considered.
  • the filament winding constituting the external envelope is advantageously a cross winding comprising fibers. coiled along the two diagonal planes of the cylindrical tank and fibers coiled along its circumference, so that the density of the fibers at the ends of the cylindrical tank is greater than that at its wall.
  • the reservoir is covered by a fire and thermal protective coating consisting of at least two layers, respectively inner and outer, the inner layer formed by a sheet of paper of ceramic fibers being intended to be fixed by one of its faces on the outer shell of the tank and to form a thermal barrier, the outer layer forming a fire protection capable of being brought into contact with flames consisting of a glass fabric / glass mat complex in which the glass fabric is mechanically bonded to the glass mat, itself fixed on the internal layer, this complex being coated or impregnated with a product for reinforcing the chemocatalytic effect.
  • a fire and thermal protective coating consisting of at least two layers, respectively inner and outer, the inner layer formed by a sheet of paper of ceramic fibers being intended to be fixed by one of its faces on the outer shell of the tank and to form a thermal barrier, the outer layer forming a fire protection capable of being brought into contact with flames consisting of a glass fabric / glass mat complex in which the glass fabric is mechanically bonded to the glass mat, itself fixed on the internal
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the reservoir.
  • the reservoir designated by the general reference 2 of generally cylindrical shape, comprises an internal casing 3 made for example of polyamide, polypropylene or polyethylene, and an external casing 4 made, for example, of reinforced epoxy resin of glass fibers, and obtained by filament winding.
  • This tank is equipped, in a known manner and on the side of its closed end, with a bottom cup 5 , disposed between the two internal envelopes 3 and external 4 and made of a rigid material, such as bronze, mechanical stainless steel, alloy aluminum or stainless steel.
  • this part 6 comprises a tubular part 7 forming the neck, having a central passage 8 .
  • the end of the central passage 8 located on the outside is delimited by a tapped surface 9 allowing the connection of a tube, or else of a regulator or a tap.
  • the bottom cup 5 has a general shape identical to that of the metal part 6 .
  • This allows economical standardization of the metal parts 6 and 5 and it suffices to bore and tap a cup 5 to obtain a metal part 6 having a central passage 8 delimited by a tapping 9 .
  • the internal envelope 3 is shaped so as to have a cylindrical neck 14 extending over part of the length of the neck, and embedded in a recess 15 which the latter comprises, so that after mounting, there is a perfect continuity between the inner face of the envelope 3 and the inner face of the neck 8 .
  • the surface of the recess 15 and the surface 12 constitute the contact surface 16 between the metal part 6 and the internal envelope 3 which are integral with each other over this entire contact surface 16 .
  • this connection can be obtained by means of a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic epoxy and polyamide covering the entire surface. contact 16 . It may, for example, be a mixture of phenolic epoxy and polyamide 11 , sold under the brands "RILPRIM 204" and "RILSAN NATUREL ES4".
  • the phenolic epoxy "RILPRIM 204" is, first of all, applied to the metal part 6, after which the assembly is brought to temperature before projection of the polyamide "RILSAN NATURAL ES4" and securing of the envelope of synthetic material, for example inside a mold.
  • the metal-synthetic bond thus produced which can withstand high mechanical stresses, provides excellent sealing.
  • bottom cup 5 can be fixed in the same way as the part 6 on the internal envelope 3 according to a connection having the characteristics described above.
  • the external envelope 4 covers the inclined external surface 13 of the cup 10 as well as part of the external surface of the neck 7 .
  • the filament winding constituting this external envelope 4 is, in fact, a crossed winding carried out along the two diagonal planes of the cylindrical tank 2 and along its circumference so that the density of the fibers at the ends of the cylindrical tank 2 is greater to that at its cylindrical wall.
  • This arrangement improves the mechanical strength of the tank and, in the event of bursting due to an internal overpressure, avoids its disintegration into several pieces. Indeed, in this case, it produces only a rupture along a band of limited surface, and localized in the cylindrical wall of least resistance.
  • annular strip 22 made of elastomeric material is interposed between the internal envelope 4 and each cup 10 , 5 on the inclined surface 13 of the latter.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to considerably reduce the stresses at the two ends of the tank 2 .
  • the fluid reservoir 2 also comprises a coating 17 for fire and thermal protection shown partially in the drawing, and comprising two layers, namely an inner layer 18 and an outer layer 19 .
  • the inner layer 18 is a sheet of paper made from ceramic fibers. This sheet 18 has a thickness chosen between 0.5 and 5 millimeters and a very low coefficient of thermal conductivity. It resists heat up to temperatures of around 1400 ° C.
  • This inner layer 18 is bonded by one of its faces to the outer envelope 4 and its other face is also assembled by bonding with the outer layer 19 of the coating 17 .
  • the latter is constituted by a fire-resistant complex glass fabric 20 / glass mat 21 assembled mechanically by any means known per se, in particular by tying points.
  • the glass mat 21 of the complex 19 is bonded during manufacture to the inner layer 18 , while the glass fabric 20 forms the surface of the coating 17 liable to be exposed to flames.
  • the complex 19 has a thickness of between 0.9 and 2 millimeters. It is also previously coated with an urea / formaldehyde resin etherified with a reactive system of the acrylonitrile / acrylate butadiene type in the presence of a catalyst of the thiocyanate type.
  • This resin is a product for reinforcing the chemocatalytic effect which makes it possible to increase the non-combustibility of the complex 19 .
  • the adhesive used for assembling the inner layer 18 to the outer layer 19 and for fixing the covering 17 to the outer envelope 4 is a non-flammable synthetic adhesive, for example a one-component epoxy resin, solvent-free, thermosetting and resistant to temperatures above 800 ° C.
  • the coating 17 has a thickness of 5 to 6 millimeters and can take any shape due to its flexibility.
  • the method of manufacturing the reservoir in its preferred embodiment described below consists, first of all, of cleaning and degreasing the metal part 6 using an organic solvent such as acetone, then degas it in an oven heated to around 300 ° C, in order to completely remove the grease and the solvent.
  • thermoplastic material of said shell 3 Is then applied at least on the surface 16 of the metallic part 6 intended to be in contact with the inner casing 3 a layer of the constituent thermoplastic material of said shell 3.
  • This application can be carried out by spraying the thermoplastic material or by immersing the part 6 in a hot fluidized bath of said material.
  • the mold is then heated, while the thermoplastic material considered, previously introduced into said mold, is brought into fusion therein so as to produce the internal envelope 3 by molding.
  • mold heating means are concentrated at each of its ends so that the heating temperature of the latter is higher than that of its central part connecting said ends.
  • the cylindrical internal envelope 3 is demolded, and a filament winding is then carried out around it along its two diagonal planes and along its circumference in order to obtain the external envelope 4 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un réservoir pour fluide quelconque, tel que du gaz à une pression de l'ordre de 10 à 500 bars (10 à 500  ×  10⁵ Pa), ou un liquide volatil inflammable ou bien encore un fluide hydraulique.The present invention relates to a reservoir for any fluid, such as gas at a pressure of the order of 10 to 500 bars (10 to 500 × 10⁵ Pa), or a volatile flammable liquid or else a hydraulic fluid.

Ce réservoir est du type comportant deux enveloppes concentriques, à savoir une enveloppe interne destinée à réaliser l'étanchéité au fluide et une enveloppe externe destinée à réaliser la résistance mécanique.This reservoir is of the type comprising two concentric envelopes, namely an internal envelope intended to achieve fluid tightness and an external envelope intended to achieve mechanical strength.

Cette résistance mécanique est renforcée au niveau de l'extrémité fermée du récipient par une coupelle disposée entre les deux enveloppes. Au niveau de l'extrémité ouverte du récipient, il est généralement prévu une coupelle disposée entre les deux enveloppes, à laquelle est associée une deuxième pièce formant le goulot, équipée de moyens de raccordement à des tubulures, détendeur, robinets, etc...This mechanical resistance is reinforced at the closed end of the container by a cup placed between the two envelopes. At the open end of the container, there is generally provided a cup disposed between the two envelopes, with which is associated a second part forming the neck, equipped with means for connection to pipes, regulator, valves, etc.

Un tel réservoir est décrit notamment dans le brevet français 2301746. Dans ce réservoir, la coupelle et le goulot présentent des évasements complémentaires tournés vers l'extérieur, permettant un pincement du bord ouvert du réservoir.Such a reservoir is described in particular in French patent 2301746. In this reservoir, the cup and the neck have complementary flares facing outward, allowing the open edge of the reservoir to be pinched.

Une telle solution n'est pas satisfaisante du fait que, pour assurer la mise en place de la coupelle sur l'extrémité ouverte de l'enveloppe interne, il convient, tout d'abord, de déformer l'extrémité ouverte de cette enveloppe puis, après engagement de la coupelle, de reformer cette extrémité afin qu'elle vienne épouser la partie évasée de la coupelle.Such a solution is not satisfactory because, to ensure the positioning of the cup on the open end of the internal envelope, it is first of all necessary to deform the open end of this envelope and then , after engagement of the cup, to reform this end so that it comes to marry the flared part of the cup.

En outre, cet évasement nuit à une bonne étanchéité.In addition, this flare affects good sealing.

Il existe également des réservoirs à deux enveloppes concentriques dans lesquels l'enveloppe interne est réalisée en un matériau métallique. Ces réservoirs présentent l'inconvénient d'être relativement lourds et sont de plus extrêmement dangereux en cas d'explosion, car ils se comportent comme une véritable bombe projetant des éclats métalliques.There are also tanks with two concentric envelopes in which the internal envelope is made of a metallic material. These tanks have the disadvantage of being relatively heavy and are moreover extremely dangerous in the event of an explosion, since they behave like a real bomb projecting metallic fragments.

Le document US-A-3840139 divulgue un réservoir sous pression comprenant une enveloppe interne en matériau thermoplastique, et une enveloppe externe avec interposition d'une coupelle située du côté de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir réalisée en une seule pièce métallique avec un goulot de raccordement. La partie de l'enveloppe interne située du côté ouvert du réservoir peut être fixée sur la pièce métallique formant goulot et coupelle, sur toute la surface de contact entre ces deux éléments. En outre, la surface extérieure de la coupelle et une partie de la surface extérieure du goulot sont recouvertes par l'enveloppe externe.Document US-A-3840139 discloses a pressure tank comprising an internal envelope of thermoplastic material, and an external envelope with the interposition of a cup located on the side of the open end of the tank made in a single metal piece with a neck connection. The part of the internal envelope located on the open side of the tank can be fixed on the metal part forming a neck and cup, over the entire contact surface between these two elements. In addition, the outer surface of the cup and part of the outer surface of the neck are covered by the external envelope.

FR-A-2600750 (publié le 31.12.87) au nom du Demandeur fournit un réservoir amélioré dans lequel le goulot et la coupelle, situés du côté de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir, sont réalisés en une seule pièce, et dans lequel l'enveloppe interne est en matière thermoplastique. L'étanchéité de ce réservoir est assurée à l'aide de joints annulaires. Or, ces derniers peuvent présenter un défaut ou être endommagés lors du montage, qui est relativement peu commode. Il peut donc persister des problèmes d'étanchéité à long terme.FR-A-2600750 (published on 31.12.87) on behalf of the Applicant provides an improved tank in which the neck and the cup, located on the side of the open end of the tank, are made in one piece, and in which the he inner shell is made of thermoplastic material. This tank is sealed using annular seals. However, these can have a defect or be damaged during assembly, which is relatively inconvenient. Long term leakage problems may therefore persist.

La présente invention vise à fournir un réservoir de ce type, de réalisation simple, assurant une excellente étanchéité de l'intérieur du réservoir, sans avoir à recourir à des éléments d'étanchéité, tels que des joints.The present invention aims to provide a tank of this type, of simple construction, ensuring excellent sealing of the interior of the tank, without having to resort to sealing elements, such as seals.

A cet effet, le réservoir de fluide de forme générale cylindrique qu'elle concerne et qui est du type comprenant une enveloppe interne en matière thermoplastique destinée à réaliser l'étanchéité et une enveloppe externe réalisée par enroulement filamentaire et destinée à assurer la résistance mécanique, avec interposition entre les deux enveloppes d'une première coupelle située du côté du fond et d'une seconde coupelle située du côté de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir, réalisée en une seule pièce métallique avec un goulot de raccordement, la partie de l'enveloppe interne située du côté de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir étant fixée sur la pièce métallique formant goulot et coupelle sur toute la surface de contact entre les deux éléments, et la surface extérieure de la coupelle et une partie de la surface extérieure du goulot étant recouvertes par l'enveloppe externe, est caractérisé en ce que l'assemblage entre l'enveloppe interne et la pièce métallique est réalisé par moulage de l'enveloppe interne sur la pièce, après que celle-ci ait été recouverte, sur sa surface d'au moins une couche du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de l'enveloppe interne, et après que la pièce ait été placée dans le moule permettant l'obtention de l'enveloppe.For this purpose, the fluid reservoir of generally cylindrical shape which it relates to and which is of the type comprising an internal envelope made of thermoplastic material intended to produce the seal and an external envelope produced by filament winding and intended to ensure mechanical resistance, with the interposition between the two envelopes of a first cup located on the bottom side and a second cup located on the side of the open end of the tank, made in a single metal piece with a connection neck, the part of the inner casing located on the side of the open end of the reservoir being fixed on the metal part forming a neck and cup over the entire contact surface between the two elements, and the outside surface of the cup and part of the outside surface of the neck being covered by the outer shell, is characterized in that the connection between the inner shell and the metal part is produced by molding the internal envelope on the part, after the latter has been covered, on its surface with at least one layer of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope, and after the part has been placed in the mold allowing the envelope to be obtained.

Après assemblage, les deux pièces considérées, goulot et coupelle d'une part, et enveloppe intérieure d'autre part, sont totalement solidaires l'une de l'autre, de telle sorte que la capacité ainsi réalisée n'est pas sujette à des risques de fuites dus aux joints ou à un décollement entre l'enveloppe interne et l'insert de raidissement lorsque la capacité est soumise à une pression très élevée, comme elle existe dans le cas de stockage sous pression d'un gaz. Ces éléments assemblés confèrent au réservoir une étanchéité et une résistance mécanique excellentes.After assembly, the two parts considered, neck and cup on the one hand, and inner envelope on the other hand, are completely integral with each other, so that the capacity thus produced is not subject to risk of leaks due to seals or detachment between the internal envelope and the stiffening insert when the capacity is subjected to very high pressure, as it exists in the case of gas pressure storage. These assembled elements give the tank a seal and resistance excellent mechanics.

Avantageusement, la face interne du goulot présente, dans sa zone recouverte par l'enveloppe intérieure, un évidement d'épaisseur correspondant sensiblement à l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe.Advantageously, the internal face of the neck has, in its zone covered by the inner envelope, a recess of thickness corresponding substantially to the thickness of the envelope.

De cette façon, en position montée de l'ensemble, l'enveloppe intérieure se trouve encastrée dans le goulot, ce qui améliore encore les conditions de liaison avec étanchéité entre ces deux éléments.In this way, in the assembled position of the assembly, the inner casing is embedded in the neck, which further improves the conditions of connection with sealing between these two elements.

Selon une forme d'exécution préférée applicable à tous les matériaux thermoplastiques susceptibles de constituer l'enveloppe interne, il est prévu qu'au moins la surface de la pièce métallique destinée à être en contact avec l'enveloppe est recouverte, préalablement à l'assemblage de ces deux éléments, d'une couche du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de l'enveloppe interne permettant l'accrochage entre lesdits éléments.According to a preferred embodiment applicable to all the thermoplastic materials capable of constituting the internal envelope, it is provided that at least the surface of the metal part intended to be in contact with the envelope is covered, prior to the assembly of these two elements, a layer of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope allowing the attachment between said elements.

De préférence, une bande annulaire réalisée en matériau élastomère est interposée entre l'enveloppe externe et au moins une coupelle sur la surface inclinée de cette dernière de manière à renforcer la liaison mécanique entre ces deux éléments et à permettre une certaine possibilité de déplacement radial de l'enveloppe externe par rapport à la coupelle.Preferably, an annular strip made of elastomeric material is interposed between the outer casing and at least one cup on the inclined surface of the latter so as to strengthen the mechanical connection between these two elements and to allow a certain possibility of radial displacement of the outer shell relative to the cup.

Conformément à une variante d'exécution, le réservoir comprend, sur toute la surface de contact entre la pièce métallique et l'enveloppe interne, un élément d'adhérence bicomposant constitué par un mélange d'époxy phénolique et du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de l'enveloppe interne considérée.According to an alternative embodiment, the reservoir comprises, over the entire contact surface between the metal part and the internal envelope, a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic epoxy and of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope considered.

Dans le cas où l'enveloppe interne est réalisée en un matériau thermoplastique du type polyamide, le réservoir comprend, sur toute la surface de contact entre la pièce métallique et l'enveloppe interne, un élément d'adhérence bicomposant constitué par un mélange d'époxy phénolique et de polyamide.In the case where the internal envelope is made of a thermoplastic material of the polyamide type, the reservoir comprises, over the entire contact surface between the metal part and the internal envelope, a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic and polyamide epoxy.

L'assemblage ainsi réalisé entre ces deux éléments peut résister à des efforts de traction supérieurs à 150 Kgf/cm².The assembly thus produced between these two elements can withstand tensile forces greater than 150 Kgf / cm².

Afin de répondre aux normes de sécurité qui exigent qu'en cas d'explosion le réservoir reste en une seule pièce et afin d'améliorer la résistance mécanique, l'enroulement filamentaire constitutif de l'enveloppe externe est avantageusement un bobinage croisé comprenant des fibres embobinées suivant les deux plans diagonaux du réservoir cylindrique et des fibres embobinées suivant sa circonférence, de telle sorte que la densité des fibres au niveau des extrémités du réservoir cylindrique soit supérieure à celle au niveau de sa paroi.In order to meet safety standards which require that, in the event of an explosion, the reservoir remains in one piece and in order to improve the mechanical resistance, the filament winding constituting the external envelope is advantageously a cross winding comprising fibers. coiled along the two diagonal planes of the cylindrical tank and fibers coiled along its circumference, so that the density of the fibers at the ends of the cylindrical tank is greater than that at its wall.

De préférence, le réservoir est recouvert par un revêtement de protection anti-feu et thermique constitué par au moins deux couches respectivement intérieure et extérieure, la couche intérieure formée par une feuille de papier en fibres céramiques étant destinée à être fixée par l'une de ses faces sur l'enveloppe externe du réservoir et à former une barrière thermique, la couche extérieure formant une protection anti-feu susceptible d'être mise en contact avec des flammes étant constituée par un complexe tissu de verre/mat de verre dans lequel le tissu de verre est lié mécaniquement au mat de verre, lui-même fixé sur la couche interne, ce complexe étant enduit ou imprégné d'un produit de renforcement de l'effet chimiocatalytique.Preferably, the reservoir is covered by a fire and thermal protective coating consisting of at least two layers, respectively inner and outer, the inner layer formed by a sheet of paper of ceramic fibers being intended to be fixed by one of its faces on the outer shell of the tank and to form a thermal barrier, the outer layer forming a fire protection capable of being brought into contact with flames consisting of a glass fabric / glass mat complex in which the glass fabric is mechanically bonded to the glass mat, itself fixed on the internal layer, this complex being coated or impregnated with a product for reinforcing the chemocatalytic effect.

Ce revêtement est apte à résister au feu pendant une durée supérieure à 30 minutes.This coating is able to resist fire for a period of more than 30 minutes.

La présente invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication du réservoir.The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the reservoir.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques ressortiront de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé dont la figure unique représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un réservoir.The invention will be better understood and other characteristics will emerge from the description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing, the single figure of which represents a view in longitudinal section of a tank.

Comme montré au dessin, le réservoir désigné par la référence générale 2, de forme générale cylindrique, comprend une enveloppe interne 3 réalisée par exemple en polyamide, en polypropylène ou en polyéthylène, et une enveloppe externe 4 réalisée, par exemple, en résine époxy renforcée de fibres de verre, et obtenue par enroulement filamentaire.As shown in the drawing, the reservoir designated by the general reference 2 , of generally cylindrical shape, comprises an internal casing 3 made for example of polyamide, polypropylene or polyethylene, and an external casing 4 made, for example, of reinforced epoxy resin of glass fibers, and obtained by filament winding.

Ce réservoir est équipé, de façon connue et du côté de son extrémité fermée, d'une coupelle de fond 5, disposée entre les deux enveloppes interne 3 et externe 4 et réalisée en un matériau rigide, tel que bronze, acier inox mécanique, alliage aluminium ou acier inoxydable.This tank is equipped, in a known manner and on the side of its closed end, with a bottom cup 5 , disposed between the two internal envelopes 3 and external 4 and made of a rigid material, such as bronze, mechanical stainless steel, alloy aluminum or stainless steel.

A l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir est disposée une pièce 6 de préférence métallique jouant à la fois le rôle de goulot et de coupelle. A cet effet, cette pièce 6 comprend une partie tubulaire 7 formant le goulot, présentant un passage central 8. L'extrémité du passage central 8 situé du côté extérieur est délimitée par une surface taraudée 9 permettant le raccordement d'une tubulure, ou bien d'un détendeur ou d'un robinet. L'extrémité de l'élément tubulaire 7, située du côté de l'intérieur du récipient, est prolongée par une partie 10 en forme de coupelle, délimitée du côté de l'enveloppe interne 3 par une surface 12 inclinée de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur et de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir vers l'extrémité fermée de celui-ci, et du côté de l'enveloppe externe 4 par une surface 13 inclinée de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur et de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir vers l'extrémité fermée de celui-ci.At the open end of the reservoir is arranged a piece 6 , preferably metallic, playing both the role of neck and cup. To this end, this part 6 comprises a tubular part 7 forming the neck, having a central passage 8 . The end of the central passage 8 located on the outside is delimited by a tapped surface 9 allowing the connection of a tube, or else of a regulator or a tap. The end of the tubular element 7 , located on the side of the interior of the container, is extended by a cup-shaped part 10 , delimited on the side of the internal envelope 3 by a surface 12 inclined from the outside towards inside and from the open end of the tank towards the closed end of the latter, and on the side of the external casing 4 by a surface 13 inclined from the inside towards the outside and from the open end of the tank toward the closed end of it.

La forme de la coupelle 10 n'est donnée ici qu'à titre d'exemple; en effet, la surface 12 peut également être sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe du réservoir 2. Tout dépend, en fait, de la nature du matériau de la pièce 6 et de la pression exercée par le fluide susceptible d'être contenu dans le réservoir.The shape of the cup 10 is given here only by way of example; in fact, the surface 12 can also be substantially perpendicular to the axis of the tank 2 . It all depends, in fact, on the nature of the material of the part 6 and on the pressure exerted by the fluid likely to be contained in the reservoir.

Dans cet exemple, et comme il ressort de la figure, la coupelle de fond 5 présente une forme générale identique à celle de la pièce métallique 6. Cela permet une standardisation économique des pièces métalliques 6 et 5 et il suffit d'aléser et de tarauder une coupelle 5 pour obtenir une pièce métallique 6 comportant un passage central 8 délimité par un taraudage 9.In this example, and as is apparent from the figure, the bottom cup 5 has a general shape identical to that of the metal part 6 . This allows economical standardization of the metal parts 6 and 5 and it suffices to bore and tap a cup 5 to obtain a metal part 6 having a central passage 8 delimited by a tapping 9 .

L'enveloppe interne 3 est conformée de façon à présenter un col cylindrique 14 s'étendant sur une partie de la longueur du goulot, et encastré dans un évidement 15 que comporte celui-ci, de telle sorte qu'après montage, il existe une parfaite continuité entre la face intérieure de l'enveloppe 3 et la face intérieure du goulot 8.The internal envelope 3 is shaped so as to have a cylindrical neck 14 extending over part of the length of the neck, and embedded in a recess 15 which the latter comprises, so that after mounting, there is a perfect continuity between the inner face of the envelope 3 and the inner face of the neck 8 .

La surface de l'évidement 15 et la surface 12 constituent la surface de contact 16 entre la pièce métallique 6 et l'enveloppe interne 3 qui sont solidaires l'une de l'autre sur toute cette surface de contact 16.The surface of the recess 15 and the surface 12 constitute the contact surface 16 between the metal part 6 and the internal envelope 3 which are integral with each other over this entire contact surface 16 .

Elle est destinée à recevoir avant assemblage de l'enveloppe 3 à la pièce 6 une couche de matériau thermoplastique constitutif de l'enveloppe interne 3 permettant la liaison entre ces deux éléments.It is intended to receive before assembly of the envelope 3 to the part 6 a layer of thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope 3 allowing the connection between these two elements.

Dans le cas où l'enveloppe interne est réalisée en polyamide et selon une variante d'exécution, cette liaison peut être obtenue au moyen d'un élément d'adhérence bicomposant constitué par un mélange d'époxy phénolique et de polyamide recouvrant toute la surface de contact 16. Il peut s'agir, par exemple, d'un mélange d'époxy phénolique et de polyamide 11, commercialisés sous les marques "RILPRIM 204" et "RILSAN NATUREL ES4".In the case where the internal envelope is made of polyamide and according to an alternative embodiment, this connection can be obtained by means of a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic epoxy and polyamide covering the entire surface. contact 16 . It may, for example, be a mixture of phenolic epoxy and polyamide 11 , sold under the brands "RILPRIM 204" and "RILSAN NATUREL ES4".

Selon cette forme d'exécution, l'époxy phénolique "RILPRIM 204" est, tout d'abord, appliqué sur la pièce métallique 6, après quoi l'ensemble est porté en température avant projection du polyamide "RILSAN NATUREL ES4" et solidarisation de l'enveloppe en matière synthétique, par exemple à l'intérieur d'un moule.According to this embodiment, the phenolic epoxy "RILPRIM 204" is, first of all, applied to the metal part 6, after which the assembly is brought to temperature before projection of the polyamide "RILSAN NATURAL ES4" and securing of the envelope of synthetic material, for example inside a mold.

La liaison métal-matière synthétique ainsi réalisée pouvant résister à de fortes contraintes mécaniques, assure une excellente étanchéité.The metal-synthetic bond thus produced, which can withstand high mechanical stresses, provides excellent sealing.

Il est évident que la coupelle de fond 5 peut être fixée de la même façon que la pièce 6 sur l'enveloppe interne 3 selon une liaison possèdant les caractéristiques décrites précédemment.It is obvious that the bottom cup 5 can be fixed in the same way as the part 6 on the internal envelope 3 according to a connection having the characteristics described above.

L'enveloppe externe 4 recouvre la surface extérieure inclinée 13 de la coupelle 10 ainsi qu'une partie de la surface extérieure du goulot 7. L'enroulement filamentaire constitutif de cette enveloppe externe 4 est, en fait, un bobinage croisé effectué selon les deux plans diagonaux du réservoir cylindrique 2 et selon sa circonférence de telle sorte que la densité des fibres au niveau des extrémités du réservoir cylindrique 2 soit supérieure à celle au niveau de sa paroi cylindrique.The external envelope 4 covers the inclined external surface 13 of the cup 10 as well as part of the external surface of the neck 7 . The filament winding constituting this external envelope 4 is, in fact, a crossed winding carried out along the two diagonal planes of the cylindrical tank 2 and along its circumference so that the density of the fibers at the ends of the cylindrical tank 2 is greater to that at its cylindrical wall.

Cette disposition permet d'améliorer la résistance mécanique du réservoir et, en cas d'éclatement dû à une surpression interne, évite sa désintégration en plusieurs pièces. En effet, dans ce cas de figure, il se produit seulement une rupture suivant une bande de surface limitée, et localisée dans la paroi cylindrique de moindre résistance.This arrangement improves the mechanical strength of the tank and, in the event of bursting due to an internal overpressure, avoids its disintegration into several pieces. Indeed, in this case, it produces only a rupture along a band of limited surface, and localized in the cylindrical wall of least resistance.

Afin d'assurer une parfaite liaison mécanique entre les coupelles 10 et 5, l'enveloppe externe 4 tout en laissant à cette dernière la possibilité de se déplacer radialement par rapport auxdites coupelles 10 et 5 dans le cas de surpressions et de dépressions internes lors du remplissage et du vidage du réservoir, une bande annulaire 22 réalisée en matériau élastomère est interposée entre l'enveloppe interne 4 et chaque coupelle 10, 5 sur la surface inclinée 13 de cette dernière.In order to ensure perfect mechanical connection between the cups 10 and 5 , the outer casing 4 while leaving the latter the possibility of moving radially relative to said cups 10 and 5 in the case of internal overpressures and depressions during filling and emptying of the reservoir, an annular strip 22 made of elastomeric material is interposed between the internal envelope 4 and each cup 10 , 5 on the inclined surface 13 of the latter.

Cette disposition permet de diminuer considérablement les contraintes au niveau des deux extrémités du réservoir 2.This arrangement makes it possible to considerably reduce the stresses at the two ends of the tank 2 .

Le réservoir 2 de fluide selon l'invention comporte également un revêtement 17 de protection anti-feu et thermique représenté partiellement sur le dessin, et comportant deux couches, à savoir une couche intérieure 18 et une couche extérieure 19. La couche intérieure 18 est une feuille de papier réalisée à partir de fibres céramiques. Cette feuille 18 présente une épaisseur choisie entre 0,5 et 5 millimètres et un très faible coefficient de conductibilité thermique. Elle résiste à la chaleur jusqu'à des températures de l'ordre de 1400°C. Cette couche intérieure 18 est collée par l'une de ses faces sur l'enveloppe externe 4 et son autre face est assemblée également par collage avec la couche extérieure 19 du revêtement 17. Cette dernière est constituée par un complexe anti-feu tissu de verre 20/mat de verre 21 assemblés mécaniquement par tout moyen connu en soi, notamment par des points de liage. Le mat de verre 21 du complexe 19 est collé à la fabrication sur la couche intérieure 18, tandis que la tissu de verre 20 forme la surface du revêtement 17 susceptible d'être exposée aux flammes.The fluid reservoir 2 according to the invention also comprises a coating 17 for fire and thermal protection shown partially in the drawing, and comprising two layers, namely an inner layer 18 and an outer layer 19 . The inner layer 18 is a sheet of paper made from ceramic fibers. This sheet 18 has a thickness chosen between 0.5 and 5 millimeters and a very low coefficient of thermal conductivity. It resists heat up to temperatures of around 1400 ° C. This inner layer 18 is bonded by one of its faces to the outer envelope 4 and its other face is also assembled by bonding with the outer layer 19 of the coating 17 . The latter is constituted by a fire-resistant complex glass fabric 20 / glass mat 21 assembled mechanically by any means known per se, in particular by tying points. The glass mat 21 of the complex 19 is bonded during manufacture to the inner layer 18 , while the glass fabric 20 forms the surface of the coating 17 liable to be exposed to flames.

Le complexe 19 possède une épaisseur comprise entre 0,9 et 2 millimètres. Il est également préalablement enduit d'une résine urée/formol étherifiée avec un système réactif du type acrylonitrile/acrylate butadiène en présence d'un catalyseur du type thiocyanate.The complex 19 has a thickness of between 0.9 and 2 millimeters. It is also previously coated with an urea / formaldehyde resin etherified with a reactive system of the acrylonitrile / acrylate butadiene type in the presence of a catalyst of the thiocyanate type.

Cette résine est un produit de renforcement de l'effet chimiocatalytique qui permet d'accroître la non-combustibilité du complexe 19.This resin is a product for reinforcing the chemocatalytic effect which makes it possible to increase the non-combustibility of the complex 19 .

La colle utilisée pour l'assemblage de la couche intérieure 18 à la couche extérieure 19 et pour la fixation du revêtement 17 sur l'enveloppe externe 4 est une colle synthétique ininflammable, par exemple une résine époxy monocomposante, sans solvant, thermodurcissable et résistant à des températures supérieures à 800°C.The adhesive used for assembling the inner layer 18 to the outer layer 19 and for fixing the covering 17 to the outer envelope 4 is a non-flammable synthetic adhesive, for example a one-component epoxy resin, solvent-free, thermosetting and resistant to temperatures above 800 ° C.

Le revêtement 17 a une épaisseur de 5 à 6 millimètres et peut épouser toutes les formes du fait de sa souplesse.The coating 17 has a thickness of 5 to 6 millimeters and can take any shape due to its flexibility.

Le procédé de fabrication du réservoir dans sa forme préférée d'exécution décrit ci-après, à titre exemplatif, consiste, tout d'abord, à nettoyer et à dégraisser la pièce métallique 6 à l'aide d'un solvant organique tel que l'acétone, puis à la dégazer dans un four chauffé à environ 300°C, afin d'éliminer totalement les graisses et le solvant.The method of manufacturing the reservoir in its preferred embodiment described below, by way of example, consists, first of all, of cleaning and degreasing the metal part 6 using an organic solvent such as acetone, then degas it in an oven heated to around 300 ° C, in order to completely remove the grease and the solvent.

On applique alors au moins sur la surface 16 de la pièce métallique 6 destinée à être en contact avec l'enveloppe interne 3 une couche du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de ladite enveloppe 3. Cette application peut s'effectuer par projection du matériau thermoplastique ou bien en immergeant la pièce 6 dans un bain chaud fluidisé dudit matériau.Is then applied at least on the surface 16 of the metallic part 6 intended to be in contact with the inner casing 3 a layer of the constituent thermoplastic material of said shell 3. This application can be carried out by spraying the thermoplastic material or by immersing the part 6 in a hot fluidized bath of said material.

La pièce métallique 6 et la coupelle 5 située du côté du fond du réservoir 2 sont ensuite disposées aux extrémités d'un moule de l'enveloppe interne 3 appartenant à un dispositif de roto-moulage connu en soi dans lequel le moule est entraîné en rotation, d'une part, autour de son axe et, d'autre part, autour d'un autre axe perpendiculaire audit axe du moule.The metal part 6 and the cup 5 located on the side of the bottom of the tank 2 are then placed at the ends of a mold of the internal envelope 3 belonging to a rotational molding device known per se in which the mold is driven in rotation , on the one hand, around its axis and, on the other hand, around another axis perpendicular to said axis of the mold.

Le moule est alors chauffé, tandis que la matière thermoplastique considérée, préalablement introduite dans ledit moule, est amenée en fusion dans celui-ci de manière à réaliser l'enveloppe interne 3 par moulage.The mold is then heated, while the thermoplastic material considered, previously introduced into said mold, is brought into fusion therein so as to produce the internal envelope 3 by molding.

Il est à noter que les moyens de chauffage du moule sont concentrés au niveau de chacune de ses extrémités de telle façon que la température de chauffe de celles-ci soit supérieure à celle de sa partie centrale reliant lesdites extrémités.It should be noted that the mold heating means are concentrated at each of its ends so that the heating temperature of the latter is higher than that of its central part connecting said ends.

Ceci permet de compenser l'inertie thermique élevée de la pièce métallique 6 et de la coupelle 5 et d'obtenir ainsi une température sensiblement uniforme partout dans le moule.This makes it possible to compensate for the high thermal inertia of the metal part 6 and of the cup 5 and thus to obtain a substantially uniform temperature throughout the mold.

Après une certaine durée nécessaire à son refroidissement, l'enveloppe interne 3 cylindrique est démoulée, et on effectue ensuite un enroulement filamentaire autour de celle-ci suivant ses deux plans diagonaux et suivant sa circonférence afin d'obtenir l'enveloppe extérieure 4.After a certain period of time necessary for its cooling, the cylindrical internal envelope 3 is demolded, and a filament winding is then carried out around it along its two diagonal planes and along its circumference in order to obtain the external envelope 4 .

Claims (10)

1. A fluid reservoir of generally cylindrical shape, of the type comprising an internal envelope (3) of thermoplastic material intended to produce pressure tightness, and an external envelope (4) produced by winding on threads and intended to ensure mechanical strength, with interposition between the two envelopes of a first dish (5) situated at the base end, and a second dish (10) situated at the open end, of the reservoir, produced as a single metallic piece (6) with a connecting neck (7), the portion of the internal envelope (3) situated at the open end of the reservoir (2) being fixed to the metallic piece (6) forming the neck (7) and to the dish (10) over the whole contact surface (16) between the two units (3, 6), and the external surface (13) of the dish (10) and a part of the external surface of the neck (7) being covered by the external envelope (4), characterized in that the assembly between the internal envelope (3) and the metallic piece (6) is performed by moulding the internal envelope (3) on to the piece (6) after the latter has been covered on its surface (16) with at least one layer of thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope (3).
2. A reservoir according to Claim 1, characterized in that the internal face of the neck (7) possesses, in its area covered by the internal envelope (3), a recess (15) of thickness approximately corresponding to the thickness of the envelope (3).
3. A reservoir according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises, over the whole of contact surface (16) between the metallic piece (6) and the internal envelope (3), a two-component adhesive unit consisting of a mixture of phenolic epoxy and of the thermoplastic material that constitutes the internal envelope in question.
4. A reservoir according to Claim 3, characterized in that the internal envelope (3) is produced from thermoplastic material of the polyamide type and in that it comprises, over the whole contact surface (16) between the metallic piece (6) and the internal envelope (3), a two-component adhesive unit consisting of a mixture of phenolic epoxy and of polyamide.
5. A reservoir according to Claim 4, characterized in that the phenolic epoxy is first of all applied to the metallic piece (6), after which the assembly is raised to temperature before injection of the polyamide and solidification of the envelope of synthetic material (3), for example in the interior of a mould.
6. A reservoir according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an annular band produced from elastomeric material is interposed between the external envelope (4) and at least one dish (10, 5) on the inclined surface (13) of the latter in such a way as to reinforce the mechanical connection between these two units and to allow a certain radial displacement of the external envelope relatively to the dish (10, 5).
7. A reservoir according to any of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thread winding is a crossed winding comprising wound threads following two diagonal planes of the cylindrical reservoir (2), and wound fibres following its circumference.
8. A reservoir according to any of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is covered by an anti-fire and thermal protection coating (17) consisting of at least two layers respectively, an interior layer (18) and an exterior layer (19), the interior layer (18) that is formed by a sheet of fibre-ceramics paper being intended to be fixed by one of its faces to the external envelope (4) of reservoir (2) and to form a thermal barrier, the exterior layer (19) being formed by a compound glass-cloth (20)/glass fibres (21) forming an anti-fire protection that is capable of being brought into contact with flames, the said glass cloth (20) being mechanically united to the glass fibres (21) which are themselves fixed to the interior layer (18), this compound layer (19) being coated or impregnated by a product that increases the chemocatalytic effect.
9. A manufacturing process for the reservoir according to any of Claims 1, 2, 7 and 8, characterized in that it consists in
― cleaning and degreasing the metallic piece (6),
― applying at least on surface (16) of the metallic piece (6) intended to come into contact with the internal envelope (3), a layer of the thermoplastic material that forms that envelope (3).
― placing the metallic piece (6) and the dish (5) situated at the base end of the reservoir (2) at the ends of a mould for the internal envelope (3) that forms part of a rotary moulding appliance,
― introducing the thermoplastic material in question into the mould and heating the said mould to bring about melting of the thermoplastic material so as to produce the internal envelope (3) by moulding,
― cooling and removing the cylindrical envelope (3) thus obtained from the mould and subsequently effecting a winding-on of threads around the former following its two diagonal planes and following its circumference, in order to obtain the exterior envelope (4) of the reservoir (2).
10. A process according to Claim 9, characterized in that the lay-out of means for heating the mould is such that the temperature to which its ends close to the dishes (5, 10) is heated is greater than that of the central portion holding these ends together.
EP88420254A 1987-07-21 1988-07-20 Fluid reservoir and its fabrication process Expired - Lifetime EP0300931B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88420254T ATE67834T1 (en) 1987-07-21 1988-07-20 LIQUID CONTAINER AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8710768 1987-07-21
FR8710768A FR2618524B1 (en) 1987-07-21 1987-07-21 PRESSURE FLUID TANK
FR8807256A FR2632051B1 (en) 1988-05-24 1988-05-24 FIRE AND THERMAL PROTECTION COATING
FR8807256 1988-05-24

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EP0300931A1 EP0300931A1 (en) 1989-01-25
EP0300931B1 true EP0300931B1 (en) 1991-09-25

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CN (1) CN1023149C (en)
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DE (1) DE3865135D1 (en)
DK (1) DK168023B1 (en)
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GR (1) GR3003061T3 (en)
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DE3865135D1 (en) 1991-10-31
NO883221D0 (en) 1988-07-20
FI883436A (en) 1989-01-22
BR8803635A (en) 1989-02-08
CN1031273A (en) 1989-02-22
HUT50522A (en) 1990-02-28
FI883436A0 (en) 1988-07-20
FI87269C (en) 1992-12-10
AU1921688A (en) 1989-01-27
ES2026682T3 (en) 1992-05-01
AR248451A1 (en) 1995-08-18
CA1326832C (en) 1994-02-08
DK392588D0 (en) 1988-07-14
DK392588A (en) 1989-01-22
MX170112B (en) 1993-08-09
HU201394B (en) 1990-10-28
DK168023B1 (en) 1994-01-17
EP0300931A1 (en) 1989-01-25
NZ225472A (en) 1991-03-26
AU618009B2 (en) 1991-12-12
CN1023149C (en) 1993-12-15
US4925044A (en) 1990-05-15
NO883221L (en) 1989-01-23
FI87269B (en) 1992-08-31
NO170552C (en) 1992-10-28
GR3003061T3 (en) 1993-02-17
NO170552B (en) 1992-07-20

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