EP0377042A1 - Device for making wells in ground - Google Patents

Abstract

The device comprises an eccentric shaft (1) on which are mounted rollers (2) interconnected by means of elastic elements (3) consisting of grooved sleeves (11) and intended to ensure the seal by the large end of the rollers (2). ), and by means of additional elements (5) ensuring their radial sealing. These additional elements (5) are located in a radial slot (7) between the adjacent rollers (2) which are hollow.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to construction technology, in particular to devices for producing bores in the ground by expansion. These devices can be used for deep compaction of the soil and for the formation of site piles, for trenchless laying of pipelines, for masts of electrical power transmission lines, etc.

Underlying state of the art

Several types of drilling facilities in the ground are currently known. It is e.g. a device known (SU, A, 825797), which includes an eccentric axis with rollers, one of which is kinematically connected to the shaft of a motor, the housing of which is connected to the eccentric axis, the rollers being connected to one another by means of elastic sleeves.

A disadvantage of this device is that it can only function if the angular speeds of all the rollers are the same. This can only be accomplished by setting equal relative eccentricities of all the rolls (the absolute eccentricities of the rolls change in direct proportion to the changes in their diameters), which affects the overall rate of advance of the device substantially. In practice, the speed of propulsion drops several times, and the device comes to a standstill under unfavorable conditions (for example, when the soil structure or moisture changes).

A device is also known (SU, A, 977613) which contains an eccentric shaft on which rollers rotate are arranged bar, which are connected to each other by means of an elastic element for their end sealing, and metallic rings are attached, which are connected to the elastic element and contact with the end faces of the rollers.

Such a constructive solution to the end sealing of the rollers does not rule out the possibility of liquid soil and moisture getting into the cavities of bearings, thereby reducing the service life of the device.

When the device operates in wet soils, the water, along with the soil particles, penetrates into the interior cavity of the device through the gaps between the rotating rollers and the metallic rings.

The design of the end seal between the rollers does not ensure that the metallic rings are pressed evenly against the end faces of the rollers, which can result in the opening of one of the rings and the water with the soil particles entering the interior cavity of the device.

When the bottom particles get into the said gap, one of the metallic rings can also become jammed. In this case, the sleeve (elastic element) may break due to the difference in the angular velocities of the adjacent rollers.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide such a device for producing holes in the ground, in which the structural design of their seals allows their lifespan to be increased by preventing moisture and soil particles from getting into their cavities.

The task is solved in that the device for producing bores in the ground, which contains an eccentric shaft, on which rollers are rotatably arranged, which are connected to one another by means of elastic elements for sealing them at the end, and metallic rings are attached, according to the invention additional elements for radial sealing of the rollers are mounted , each of which is hollow, these additional elastic elements being accommodated in a radial gap formed between the adjacent rollers, while the elastic elements for the frontal sealing are designed as a folded sleeve.

The metallic rings enclose the folded cuffs and make contact with the neighboring rollers via tapered edges.

Such a construction completely prevents water and soil particles from entering the interior cavity of the device and consequently the bearings. The construction of the end seal between the rollers ensures a uniform pressing of the metallic rings onto the end faces of the rollers in that the folded sleeve is arranged along the axis of the working element with the aid of collars attached to the end faces of the rollers, the inside diameter of which is the outside diameter of the metallic Rings around the size of double eccentricity "e" exceeds. The inner surface of the frets is conical. During the radial displacement of the rollers relative to the sleeve, the bottom between the collar of the roller and the ring of the sleeve is displaced from the gap, which ensures a stable position of the sleeve along the axis of the working organ, which prevents the occurrence of misalignment and deformation of the sleeve which arise when the soil accumulates.

The outer edge of each metallic ring that is made with contacted the roller is pointed, and this ensures a minimal contact zone of the rings to generate a required pressure in the contact zone.

The pointed end face of the metallic ring not only creates the required pressure in the friction pairing, but also allows the contact surface to be cleaned from the ground by moving the ground through the outer surface of the ring to the conical surface of the collar as a result of the radial movements of the end faces of the rollers .

If the moisture penetrates through the contact zone of the metallic rings and the end face of the rollers, the additional elements for the radial sealing of the rollers completely prevent the moisture from getting into the interior cavity of the device.

The contact points of the additional element with the surfaces of the rollers are covered with a bearing material which ensures that the rollers can easily spin due to reduced frictional forces between the additional element and the rollers.

Moisture penetration into the bearings also prevents a semi-solid lubricant that creates a back pressure inside the device.

An expansion of the technological possibilities of the device is ensured in that at least one of the areas of the surfaces of the adjacent rollers is designed in the form of a section of a helical winding. This constructive solution ensures that a depression is formed along a helical line in the wall of the bore, as a result of which the contact area of the bore produced with the material with which this bore is filled becomes larger. Boreholes with a deep thread in the walls for site piles and anchors increase the load-bearing capacity of them several times. This is particularly effective in strengthening the foundations of production and social buildings and structures.

Brief description of the drawings

• Fig. 1 die Gesamtansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zur Herstellung von Bohrungen im Boden;
• Fig. 2 die stirnseitige und radiale Dichtung zwischen den benachbarten Walzen;
• Fig. 3 eine der Ausführungsformen der schraubenförv migen Bandwicklung auf der Oberfläche der Walzen.

The advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, which show practicable variations of the present invention; in the drawings shows:

• Figure 1 shows the overall view of the device according to the invention for producing holes in the ground.
• Figure 2 shows the front and radial seal between the adjacent rollers.
• Fig. 3 shows one of the embodiments of the screw-shaped tape winding on the surface of the rollers.

Best embodiment of the invention

The device according to the invention (Fig. 1, 2) for producing bores in the ground contains an eccentric shaft 1 on which rollers 2 are rotatably arranged, which are connected to one another by means of elastic elements 3 for sealing them at the end, and metallic pressure rings 4 are attached. Additional elements 5 for radial sealing of the rollers 2 are mounted in the device, each of which is hollow.

The rollers have a conical shape with a gradual increase in their diameter, each of the rollers being provided with an end piece 6 which projects into the inner cavity of the adjacent roller and forms a radial gap 7 between the rollers, in which the additional element 5 is mounted. The points of contact of the additional element with the surfaces of the rollers are covered with a bearing material 8, which reduces the static friction forces between the additional element 5 and the rollers 2 as they rotate ensures. Bronze, brass and the like can be used as the bearing material. be used. The rollers are mounted on the eccentric shaft 1 by means of roller bearings 9 or by means of slide bearings 10.

The elastic elements 3 for sealing at the front are designed as folded sleeves 11, which have elastic properties and are preferably made of rubber in press molds.

The metallic pressure rings 4, which comprise the folded sleeves 11, are provided with pointed edges, which contact the adjacent rollers 2 by means of rings 12 rotating freely in the rollers. The end faces of the rollers 2 are designed with a collar 13, the inside diameter of which exceeds the outside diameter of the metallic ring 4 by the size of the double eccentricity "e".

One of the areas of the surface of the adjacent rollers is designed in the form of a section 14 of a helical tape winding (FIG. 3). The end faces of the assigned sections are designed as multi-groove connections, which allow the same to be freely moved in the radial direction.

The inner cavities of the rollers 2 are filled with a semi-solid lubricant A, which ensures the lubrication of the bearings 9, 10 and a counteraction against the ingress of water and soil particles into the interior of the device.

The eccentric shaft 1 is connected to a drive (not shown in the drawing).

The facility works as follows.

The device is inserted into a previously prepared conical depression in the bottom, which is formed by a screw. The length of the recess should be such that three to four front rollers go into it. Then you turn on the drive Establishment one. With the rotation of the shaft 1 of the working element, the rollers 2, by rolling on the walls of the conical recess in the ground, bring about the axial advance of the working element, screwing into the ground and in this way forming a bore with compacted walls.

When the bore is formed, the bottom falls down and enters the front gap between the adjacent rollers, but the bottom does not penetrate into the interior cavity of the device. The existing elastic forces in the folded sleeve 11 hold them in the axis of the working organ without deforming them in the radial direction.

The end face of the rollers is cleaned from the bottom by the pointed edges of the rings 4, and the bottom is expelled outwards from the end gaps between the edges, where it is rolled into the walls of the bore by the adjacent rollers.

The use of the end-face and the radial seals and the filling of the cavities of the rollers with the semi-solid lubricant increases the Betriebszu ₇ jer- transmittance of the device according to the invention.

The section of the helical tape winding rigidly attached to the roll 2 rolls periodically with its front edge a depression in the bore wall with each revolution of the roll around the axis of the bore and forms a continuous screw depression, the depth of which is determined by the height "h" of the section 14 of FIG helical tape winding is determined.

When the screw-shaped section 14 is attached to all rollers of the device, the process of forming the screw recess in the ground takes place simultaneously with the design of the bore itself. The moveable connection of the helical sections maintains the continuity of the winding and at the same time does not limit the movement of the rollers along a spi ralbahn. The helical bore produced increases the end face of a built-in site pole or an anchor by a factor of 2 to 3 and, as a result, increases its load-bearing capacity compared to a pile that is inserted in a bore with smooth walls. When drilling a hole, the device according to the invention is supported with progressive movement with its winding on the walls of the recess formed, which ensures sufficient adhesion in moist clay-containing soils.

The pitch t of the helical winding on the wall of the bore depends on the feed size of the working member per shaft revolution, on the diameter of the bore and the difference between the diameter of the bore and the diameter of the roller to which the helical winding is attached.

By means of the device according to the invention, it is also possible to roll into bores which have previously been produced by any other method, such as drilling, piercing, pushing through or punching through. The load-bearing capacity of piles or anchors, built in a profiled bore with the aid of the device according to the invention, is increased compared to the piles or anchors built in a smooth-walled bore. The piles and anchors have the required load capacity with a considerable reduction in their length.

With the aid of the device proposed according to the invention, the drilling of holes in moist plastic soils can be accomplished in which it is not possible to produce a hole by means of a device with smooth rollers by widening or in which the drilling takes place at a lower speed.

Commercial usability

The present invention can be most effectively applied in the field of construction, more particularly in earthworks for the production of vertical, inclined and horizontal bores according to the method of expanding the soil in the construction of local piles, in deep compacting the soil, in setting up a wall in the Soil, in the construction of anchors, electrical power transmission lines, in the trenchless laying of pipelines, the manufacture of tunnels, wells, in the strengthening of the foundations of functioning buildings and structures, etc.

The presence of new structural elements in the device in the form of radial seals and a helical tape winding on the surface of the rollers has a positive influence on the operational reliability of the device according to the invention and expands its overall technological possibilities.

These properties offer the possibility of successfully using the device according to the invention in the most varied types of earthworks, thereby ensuring its high productivity and quality.

Claims (5)

1. Device for producing bores in the ground, which contains an eccentric shaft (1), on which rollers (2) are rotatably arranged, which are connected to one another by means of elastic elements (3) to seal their end faces, and metallic pressure rings (4) are characterized in that additional elements (5) for radially sealing the rollers (2) are mounted in it, each of which is hollow, these additional elastic elements (5) being accommodated in a radial gap (7) , which is formed between the adjacent rollers (2), while the elastic elements (3) for sealing at the front are designed as a folded sleeve (11). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallic pressure rings (4) comprise the folded sleeves (11) and contact with the adjacent rollers (2) via tapered edges. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the rollers (2) in the radial gap (7) is covered with a Lagerwerkstöff (8). 4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the regions of the surfaces of the adjacent rollers (2) is designed in the form of a portion (14) of a helical winding. 5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavities of the rollers (2) are filled with a semi-solid lubricant (A).

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