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EP0346417B1 - Ajutage a tourbillon vaporisateur de liquides - Google Patents

Ajutage a tourbillon vaporisateur de liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0346417B1
EP0346417B1 EP89900234A EP89900234A EP0346417B1 EP 0346417 B1 EP0346417 B1 EP 0346417B1 EP 89900234 A EP89900234 A EP 89900234A EP 89900234 A EP89900234 A EP 89900234A EP 0346417 B1 EP0346417 B1 EP 0346417B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
whirl
nozzle
swirl
central axis
outlet opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89900234A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0346417A1 (fr
Inventor
Zoltan Farago
Tom Schork
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP93118034A priority Critical patent/EP0604741B1/fr
Publication of EP0346417A1 publication Critical patent/EP0346417A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0346417B1 publication Critical patent/EP0346417B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3478—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet the liquid flowing at least two different courses before reaching the swirl chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3442—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a cone having the same axis as the outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a swirl nozzle for atomizing a liquid with a swirl chamber rising above a swirl chamber floor and tapering towards a nozzle outlet opening opposite the swirl chamber floor, with at least one swirl channel offset laterally with respect to a central axis of the swirl chamber and having a swirl parameter of> 1 a displacement body which rises from the swirl chamber base and prevents the formation of an air core in a base-side swirl chamber region, which is arranged concentrically to the central axis and has an outer diameter in the base part which corresponds to at least one diameter of the nozzle outlet opening.
  • the liquid to be atomized flows through the swirl channel, preferably in a tangential direction into the swirl chamber, in which it moves in the direction of the central axis of the swirl chamber, increasing its peripheral speed. Since the liquid cannot flow to the central axis with a swirl parameter of the swirl nozzle of> 1 due to the centrifugal forces, an air core extends around the central axis, which extends over the entire height of the swirl chamber, around which the liquid flows and thus passes through the nozzle outlet opening as a rotating liquid film ring and then forms a liquid film cone, which due to its own instability disintegrates into small liquid droplets.
  • a swirl nozzle of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph is disclosed in FR-A-1 560 603. This also shows a swirl nozzle in which the swirl parameter is very likely to be> 1 and which also has a conical displacement body.
  • the swirl nozzles known from US-A-2,065,161, GB-A-162 172 and DE-A-175 561 are not relevant to the present invention in that the swirl parameter is ⁇ 1 or not at all in accordance with these constructions Air core results.
  • a swirl parameter ⁇ 0.5 was determined in GB-A-162 172 and in DE-A-175 561 it can be assumed that there is no air core at all. In addition, it emerges from this document that the cone body serves to change the opening angle of the spray cone, which speaks against the displacement of an air core. In addition, a swirl parameter of approximately 0.4 was determined.
  • a large air core diameter is desired, which can only be achieved with a correspondingly large input swirl pulse of the liquid jet.
  • this could be increased by increasing the tangential velocity of the liquid jet.
  • this tangential speed is practically determined by a sensibly maximum pressure and a minimal cross section due to the risk of blockage.
  • the input swirl pulse could be increased by increasing the so-called swirl channel eccentricity, that is, the distance of a center line of the swirl channel from the central axis.
  • this measure increases the swirl losses which depend on an air core diameter and an air core length, so that in practice no improvements are possible with regard to the swirl channel eccentricity in the known swirl nozzles.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a swirl nozzle of the generic type in such a way that it permits an increase in the input swirl pulse with constant or lower swirl losses.
  • the provision of the displacement body according to the invention has the advantage that the swirl chamber in the bottom area has the shape of an annular space surrounding the displacement body, so that no air core can form in this area, which leads to the swirl losses already described.
  • the swirl channel eccentricity can be chosen larger without increasing the swirl losses overall, so that a good atomization quality of the swirl nozzles according to the invention can be achieved. It is even possible to increase the swirl channel eccentricity to such an extent that the tangential velocity of the liquid jet can be reduced and thus a cross section of the swirl channels can be chosen larger, so that the risk of clogging of the nozzle is reduced.
  • the displacement body is provided with a central return bore, the further features of which is described, for example, in DE-A-3 703 075.
  • the solution according to the invention offers the possibility of arranging the return bore eccentrically to the displacement body. It is particularly advantageous here if the return bore is arranged at a distance from the central axis of the displacement body which corresponds to at least one radius of the nozzle outlet opening, so that a residual air core which possibly arises in the region of the outlet opening does not stand above the return bore and thus influences it.
  • the return bores are arranged at a distance from the central axis which is smaller than the distance from the mouth opening of the swirl channels.
  • a swirl nozzle is advantageous which has an outer body which comprises the nozzle outlet opening and a recess which adjoins it and which extends along the central axis and has a larger cross section with increasing extension, and in this recess an inner body with a form which is perpendicular to the central axis Swirl chamber floor can be used so that the swirl chamber floor and wall surfaces of the recess lying between this and the nozzle outlet opening limit the swirl chamber, and in which the wall surfaces of the recess are formed by lateral surfaces of truncated cones that are coaxial with the central axis, a partial region of the wall surfaces of the recess being a conical seat surface for the Form a truncated cone-shaped inner body and the conical seat surface has a smaller cone angle than a further portion of the swirl chamber wall adjoining the nozzle outlet opening.
  • the swirl nozzle according to the invention can be manufactured particularly easily, since a conical surface can be easily produced using conventional methods.
  • the height of the swirl chamber and thus the length of the air core can be kept as small as possible that the swirl chamber wall forms a conical surface with the largest possible cone angle, but which would result in a poor positive fit of the inner part, so that the wall surfaces of the recess which form the conical seat surface for the frustoconical inner part has a smaller cone angle than a portion of the swirl chamber wall adjoining the nozzle outlet opening.
  • the displacement body is a cone with a cone angle corresponding to the partial area adjoining the nozzle outlet opening.
  • the displacement body extends with a mean diameter corresponding at least to the diameter of the nozzle outlet openings over at least approximately half the height of the swirl chamber in the direction of the nozzle outlet opening.
  • the displacement body extends over at least approximately two thirds of the height of the swirl chamber with a mean diameter corresponding at least to the diameter of the nozzle outlet openings.
  • the surfaces facing the swirl chamber wall run at a constant distance therefrom, so that the swirl chamber in this area is an annular channel with a constant hydraulic diameter, which distributes the load evenly circulating liquid causes.
  • the distance corresponds approximately to a width of the swirl channel.
  • the swirl chamber it has proven to be expedient if it is designed to be rotationally symmetrical to the central axis, so that this has the consequence that the displacement body must also be designed to be rotationally symmetrical.
  • a width of the annular region corresponds to an extension of the mouth opening from an outer edge of this region in the radial direction inwards, that is to say that this ring-shaped area is only so wide that it can accommodate the opening of the swirl channel.
  • the swirl channel in the mouth region runs essentially tangentially to the swirl chamber wall.
  • a particularly large swirl channel eccentricity can, however, be achieved if the swirl channel with a mouth opening designed as a segment of a circle opens into the swirl chamber along an outer edge region of the swirl chamber base, since in this case the radial extent of the mouth opening in the direction of the central axis only corresponds to a width of the swirl channel and the liquid jet thus flows along the swirl chamber wall when entering the swirl chamber and flows into the swirl chamber at the greatest possible distance from the central axis for a given swirl chamber diameter.
  • the swirl duct runs in a straight line from a pressure chamber to the swirl chamber. It is even more advantageous, however, if the swirl duct runs spirally with respect to the central axis from a pressure chamber to the swirl chamber, since in this case the swirl duct can be provided with a smaller slope with respect to the central axis.
  • the liquid jet emerging from it has the largest possible tangential velocity component in a plane perpendicular to the central axis and the smallest possible velocity component parallel to the central axis.
  • the swirl channels will preferably have a substantially constant cross section.
  • a swirl nozzle for atomizing a liquid shows an outer body 10, from the outside 12 of which a nozzle outlet opening 14 designed as a cylindrical bore extends into an interior of the outer body 10 extends into it.
  • This nozzle outlet opening 14 is adjoined by an essentially conical recess 16, the wall surfaces 18 of which form the lateral surfaces of a truncated cone which is arranged coaxially with the nozzle outlet opening 14 and is rotationally symmetrical with respect to a central axis 20.
  • An inner body 22 is inserted into this recess 16, which has a circular-cylindrical region 24, which is adjoined by a frustoconical region 26, the base surface 28 of which is identical to the circular surface.
  • This frustoconical region 26 is formed in such a way that lateral surfaces 30 are the same section of the conical jacket on which the wall surfaces 18 of the recess 16 also lie.
  • the inner body 22 is held in a form-fitting manner in the recess 16 by a conical seat, the region of the wall surfaces 18 of the recess 16, in which the lateral surfaces 30 of the frustoconical region 26 of the inner body 22 abut, are referred to as conical seat surfaces 32 of the recess 16.
  • a surface of the frustoconical region 26 of the inner body 22 opposite the base surface 28 and oriented parallel thereto extends perpendicularly to the central axis 20 and forms a swirl chamber floor 34.
  • a region of the recess 16 lying above this swirl chamber floor 34 is referred to as the swirl chamber 36, the swirl chamber 36 delimiting wall surfaces 18 of the recess 16 are referred to as swirl chamber walls 38.
  • a space enclosed by the recess 16 and arranged on a side of the inner body 22 opposite the swirl chamber 36 is referred to as the pressure space 40, in which the liquid intended for atomization is kept under pressure.
  • a plurality of swirl channels 42 lead from this pressure chamber 40 into the swirl chamber 36, whereby these swirl channels 42, as can be seen in particular from FIG.
  • a center line 44 of each swirl duct 42, at least in the region of an opening 46 thereof, in the swirl chamber base 34 has a distance e from the central axis 20 and thus from the mouth opening 46, a liquid jet 48 emerges which, when leaving the orifice 46, lies in a plane 50 parallel to the central axis 20 and at a distance e from it and has a speed component 52 parallel to the swirl chamber base 34 and a speed component 54 parallel to the central axis 20.
  • the distance e is generally referred to as eccentricity e of the swirl nozzle.
  • a fluid vortex 56 is formed about the central axis 20, in the center of which a cylinder-like air core 58 remains coaxial to the central axis 20, around which the fluid vortex 56 flows, so that a liquid film cone 60 finally emerges from the nozzle outlet opening 14 its own instability breaks down into small liquid droplets.
  • a swirl parameter S o of such a nozzle is defined as follows where ⁇ is the slope of the swirl channels 42 relative to the swirl chamber base 34, the exit radius ⁇ a is the radius of the nozzle outlet opening 14 and f1, f2, f3, f4 are the cross-sectional areas of the swirl channels 42.
  • ⁇ is the slope of the swirl channels 42 relative to the swirl chamber base 34
  • ⁇ a is the radius of the nozzle outlet opening 14
  • f1, f2, f3, f4 are the cross-sectional areas of the swirl channels 42.
  • a definition of the swirl parameter can also be found in the research report DFVLR-FB 87-25 (ISSN 0171-1342), page 22.
  • an air core always occurs with a swirl nozzle if the swirl parameter So> 1.
  • the occurrence of an air core can also be made dependent on the ratio of the sum of all swirl channel areas f 1, f 2, f 3, f4 to the cross-sectional area of the nozzle outlet opening, which should be less than 5 for this purpose.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 Based on this known design of a known swirl nozzle, a first exemplary embodiment of a swirl nozzle according to the invention, shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, shows the same parts and features, which are therefore also provided with the same reference numerals in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • a displacement body 62 is placed on the swirl chamber base 34, which has a cylindrical base 64 to which a cone-shaped tip 66 is connected, with a base 68 of the cone-shaped tip 66 the end face 70 of the cylindrical base 64 facing this is identical.
  • the entire displacement body 62 is designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 20, the cylindrical base 64 extending in the radial direction with respect to the central axis 20 up to the mouth openings 46 of the swirl channels 42, so that the displacement body 62 covers the swirl chamber base 34 in its central region 72 and a cylindrical outer surface 74 of the cylindrical base 64 delimits a free annular region 76 of the swirl chamber base 34 towards the inside.
  • cylindrical outer surface 74 of the cylindrical base and a section of the swirl chamber wall 38 arranged on the opposite side of the swirl chamber bottom as well as the circular region of the swirl chamber base 34 form an annular space 80, into which the liquid jet 48 is injected tangentially to the outer surface 74 of the cylindrical base 64.
  • a surface 82 of the conical tip 66 designed as a conical surface preferably runs at a distance b from and parallel to an outlet-side section 84 of the swirl chamber wall 38, the width b preferably corresponding approximately to a width b of the swirl channels 42 .
  • the swirl chamber 36 comprises an annular space 80 arranged on the swirl chamber bottom which is followed by a conical jacket-shaped space 86 delimited by the conical surface 82 of the displacement body 62 and the outlet-side section 84 of the swirl chamber wall, which in turn merges into the cylindrical bore of the nozzle outlet opening 14.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 A second embodiment of a swirl nozzle according to the invention, shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, is provided with the same reference numerals insofar as it is identical to the first embodiment of FIGS. 3 to 5, so that the description of the corresponding parts refers to the above statements is referred.
  • the displacement body 62 no longer shows a conical tip, but rather a truncated cone 88 seated on the cylindrical base 64 with a front surface 90 opposite the base surface 68 and parallel to the swirl chamber base 34, which lies in the swirl chamber 36 and has a diameter, which is bigger than a diameter of the nozzle outlet opening 14.
  • the displacement body 62 does not extend over the entire height of the swirl chamber from the swirl chamber floor 34 to a transition 92 of the swirl chamber walls 38 into the nozzle outlet opening 14, but ends with the front surface 90 at a distance therefrom.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 the same reference numerals are used insofar as the same parts are present as in the exemplary embodiments described above, so that reference can be made to the above description.
  • the swirl channels 42 are no longer notches with a straight center line 44, but instead run Although along the lateral surfaces 30 of the inner body 22 as a straight line, but they show a mouth opening 46 designed as a circular ring segment 94, which thus offers the possibility of reducing the annular region 76 of the swirl body base 34 to the width b of the swirl channel 42, so that the distance e of the beam 48 emerging from the opening 46 from the central axis 20 is almost identical to an outer radius of the swirl chamber base 34.
  • the displacement body 62 can thus only be designed as a conical tip 66, the base 68 of the conical tip 66 having a radial extension with respect to the central axis 20, which extends as far as an inner edge 96 of the orifices 46 of the swirl channels 42 designed as a circular ring segment.
  • the swirl chamber is thus reduced to the cone-shaped space 86, which lies between the conical surface 82 of the displacement body 62 and the swirl chamber wall 38.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 A fourth exemplary embodiment of a swirl nozzle according to the invention, shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, shows the same parts as the exemplary embodiments described above insofar as the same reference numerals are used.
  • the fourth exemplary embodiment differs in that the wall surfaces of the recess 16 have two different sections 98 and 100, the section 98 directly adjoining the nozzle outlet opening 14 corresponding to a truncated cone surface whose taper angle is greater than that of a truncated cone surface of the section 100 adjoining the section 98, the truncated cone surface of the section 98 along a line of contact 102 merges into the truncated cone surface of the partial area 100.
  • the conical seat surface 32 against which the inner body 22 with its lateral surfaces 30 rests, is formed by the partial region 100.
  • This inner body 22 is identical to the inner body 22 of the third exemplary embodiment with regard to the design of the swirl channels 42 and their mouth openings 46.
  • the displacement body 62 seated on the swirl chamber base 34 is designed as a conical tip 66, just as in the third exemplary embodiment.
  • the conical surface 82 now runs parallel to the partial area 98 at a distance b, which corresponds approximately to the width of the swirl channels 42.
  • the partial area 100 advantageously extends over the conical seat surface 32 in the direction of the nozzle outlet opening 14 up to the contact line 102, so that the swirl chamber 36
  • an annular space 104 formed by the partial region 100 which extends beyond the conical seat surface 32 as far as the line of contact 102, the annular region 76 and part of the surface 82 of the displacer 62 and the conical jacket-shaped space 86, delimited by the partial region 98 and the remaining part of the surface 82 of the displacer 62.
  • a fifth embodiment of the swirl nozzle according to the invention is largely identical to the fourth embodiment, so that the same parts are also provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the swirl channels 42 run from the pressure chamber 40 to the swirl chamber 36 in the region of the lateral surface 30 of the inner body 22 in a spiral with respect to the central axis 20, so that these swirl channels 42 have a smaller gradient than the central axis 20 the swirl channels 42 in the fourth embodiment.
  • the jet 48 emerging from the orifice 46 has a smaller component 54 perpendicular to the swirl chamber floor 34 and a larger tangential flow component parallel to the swirl chamber floor 34, and thus a larger overall speed component, with the same overall flow velocity as in the swirl duct 42 of the previous exemplary embodiment the central axis 20 in the swirl channel 36 can be reached.
  • a return bore 104 is additionally provided, which is arranged concentrically to the central axis 20 and opens into the swirl chamber 36 opposite the nozzle outlet opening 14 in the region of the displacement body 62.
  • the displacement body 62 is no longer a cone, but merely a truncated cone, the front surface of which is now formed by an opening 106 in the return bore 104.
  • This return bore 104 thus extends through the entire displacement body 62 and also through the inner body 22 and is connected to a conventional return flow path, which is described, for example, in German patent application P 37 03 075.2.
  • a sixth exemplary embodiment, shown in FIGS. 14 to 16, represents a variant of the first exemplary embodiment, shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • the same parts are also provided with the same reference numerals, so that with regard to their description can be referred to the explanations of the first embodiment.
  • this sixth exemplary embodiment shows return bores 110 machined into the conical surface 82 of the conical tip 66, which with longitudinal axes 112 perpendicular to the conical surface 82 penetrate into the displacement body 62 towards its central axis 20, whereby they coaxially into one Central axis arranged return channel 114 open out, which is of the conical Tip 66 of the displacer leads in the opposite direction into an interior of the nozzle.
  • the return bores 110 are not arranged in the region of the nozzle outlet opening 14, but in a region overlapped by the outlet-side section 84 of the swirl chamber wall 38, so that the return bore 110 does not lie in the region of an air core which arises in the nozzle outlet opening 14.
  • the so-called return mass flow ratio can be advantageously controlled without having to change a diameter of the return bore, as in the known arrangements of a return bore, which makes sense for the possible dimensions and viscosity ratios are always associated with difficulties.
  • a fifth embodiment of the swirl nozzle according to the invention, shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, has similarities to the second embodiment, so that the same parts are also provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the swirl channels 42 run from the pressure chamber 40 to the swirl chamber 36 in the region of the lateral surface 30 of the inner body 22 in a spiral with respect to the central axis 20, so that these swirl channels 42 have a smaller gradient than the central axis 20 Swirl channels 42 in the second embodiment.
  • the jet emerging from the orifice 46 has a smaller component 54 perpendicular to the swirl chamber floor 34 and a larger speed component parallel to the swirl chamber floor 34 and thus a larger tangential component with respect to the central axis at the same overall flow velocity as in the swirl duct 42 of the previous embodiment 20 is reachable in the swirl channel 36.
  • the orifices 46 are expanded to form a ring segment cutout 120, the width of which corresponds to the width of the annular swirl chamber base 34 between the frustoconical displacement body 62 and the swirl chamber walls 38.
  • the displacement body 62 rises directly from the swirl chamber base 34 without the cylindrical shoulder as a truncated cone 88 and extends to the front surface 90, which has a diameter approximately corresponding to the diameter of the nozzle outlet bore 14.
  • Particularly advantageous in the seventh embodiment is the fact that it is easy to manufacture and that the cross-sectional area of the orifices 46 is large, which leads to relatively low pressure losses due to viscosity.

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Abstract

Un ajutage à tourbillon vaporisateur de liquides comprend une chambre à tourbillon (86) agencée au-dessus d'un fond de chambre à tourbillon et qui rétrécit dans le sens d'un orifice de sortie (14) opposée au fond (34) de la chambre à tourbillon, au moins un canal à tourbillon (42) latéralement décalé par rapport à l'axe médian (20) de la chambre à turbillon (86) et qui s'ouvre dans celle-ci, et un paramètre de rotation égale à 1. Afin d'améliorer un tel ajutage de sorte que l'on puisse accroître l'impulsion initiale de tourbillonnement sans accroître ou même en diminuant les pertes de tourbillonnement, un corps de déplacement (62) agencé sur le fond (34) de la chambre à tourbillon empêche la formation d'un noyau d'air au fond de la chambre à tourbillon. Le corps de déplacement (62) est concentrique par rapport à l'axe médian (20) et présente dans sa section inférieure, près du fond de la chambre, un diamètre extérieur égal à au moins un diamètre de l'orifice de sortie (14) de l'ajutage.

Claims (14)

  1. Ajutage ou tuyère à tourbillon, destiné à la vaporisation ou pulvérisation d'un liquide, comportant une chambre de tourbillon (36) s'élevant au-dessus d'un fond de chambre de tourbillon (34) et allant en s'amenuisant vers une ouverture de sortie de tuyère (14) en opposition au fond de chambre de tourbillon (34), avec au moins un canal de tourbillon décalé latéralement par rapport à l'axe médian de la chambre de tourbillon (36) et aboutissant dans celle-ci, avec un paramètre de tourbillon de >1 avec un corps de refoulement (62) s'élevant par rapport au fond de la chambre de tourbillon (34) et destiné à empêcher la formation d'un noyau d'air (58) dans une partie de la chambre de tourbillon au niveau du fond, lequel corps de refoulement est agencé concentriquement par rapport à l'axe médian (20) et présente dans la partie du fond un diamètre extérieur qui correspond au moins au diamètre de l'ouverture de sortie de tuyère (14), caractérisé en ce que le corps de refoulement (62) est doté d'un alésage de retour (104, 110).
  2. Tuyère ou ajutage à tourbillon selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le corps de refoulement (62) est doté d'un alésage de retour central (104).
  3. Tuyère ou ajutage à tourbillon selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le corps de refoulement (62) est doté d'au moins un alésage de retour (110) disposé de façon excentrée.
  4. Tuyère ou ajutage à tourbillon selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que l'alésage de retour (110) est disposé selon un espacement par rapport à l'axe médian (20) qui correspond au moins au rayon de l'ouverture de sortie de la tuyère (14).
  5. Tuyère ou ajutage à tourbillon selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que l'alésage de retour (110) est disposé à un certain espacement par rapport à l'axe médian (20), espacement qui est inférieur à l'espacement de l'ouverture d'entrée (46) du canal à tourbillon (42).
  6. Ajutage ou tuyère à tourbillon selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'ajutage ou tuyère à tourbillon comporte un corps extérieur (10) qui comprend l'orifice de sortie de la tuyère (14) et un évidement (16) raccordé à celle-ci et s'étendant le long de l'axe médian (20) d'une section transversale s'agrandissant à mesure qu'augmente la distance, en ce que dans cet évidement (16) peut être incorporé par concordance de forme un corps interne (22) avec un fond de chambre à tourbillon (34) situé perpendiculairement à l'axe médian (20), de sorte que le fond de chambre à tourbillon (34) et les parois (18) situées entre celui-ci et l'ouverture de sortie de tuyère (14) de l'évidement (16) définissent la chambre à tourbillon (36), en ce que les surfaces de parois (18) de l'évidement (16) sont formées par des surfaces d'enveloppe d'éléments tronconiques coaxiaux par rapport à l'axe médian (20), en ce qu'une zone partielle (100) des surfaces de parois (18) de l'évidement (16) forme une surface de siège conique (32) pour le corps interne (22) conçu sous la forme tronconique et en ce que la surface de siège conique (32) présente un plus petit angle conique qu'une autre zone partielle (98) contiguë à l'orifice de sortie de tuyère (14) de la paroi de la chambre à tourbillon (38).
  7. Ajutage ou tuyère à tourbillon selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le corps de refoulement (62) s'étend avec un diamètre moyen correspondant au moins au diamètre de l'ouverture de sortie de tuyère (14) sur au moins la mi-hauteur de la chambre à tourbillon (36) dans la direction de l'ouverture de sortie de tuyère (14).
  8. Tuyère ou ajutage à tourbillon selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le corps de refoulement (62) s'étend en direction de l'ouverture de sortie de tuyère (14) avec au moins un diamètre moyen correspondant au diamètre de l'ouverture de sortie de tuyère (14) sur au moins deux tiers de la hauteur de la chambre à tourbillon (36).
  9. Tuyère ou ajutage à tourbillon selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'une surface (74, 82) du corps de refoulement (62), surface dirigée vers une paroi de chambre à tourbillon (38), présente dans chaque plan de section transversale par rapport à l'axe médian (20) de façon circulaire chaque fois une distance constante par rapport à la paroi de la chambre à tourbillon (38).
  10. Ajutage ou tuyère à tourbillon selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que dans une partie dirigée vers l'orifice de sortie de tuyère (14) du corps de refoulement (62) s'étend la surface (82) dirigée vers la paroi de la chambre à tourbillon (38) en espacement constant par rapport à cette surface.
  11. Tuyère ou ajutage à tourbillon selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la distance correspond à environ une largeur (b) du canal à tourbillon (42).
  12. Ajutage ou tuyère à tourbillon selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une ouverture d'entrée (46) du canal à tourbillon (42) se situe dans une partie (76) annulaire s'étendant autour du corps de refoulement (62), partie annulaire (76) du fond de la chambre à tourbillon (34).
  13. Ajutage ou tuyère à tourbillon selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de la zone annulaire (76) est sélectionnée de façon à correspondre à l'étendue de l'ouverture d'entrée (46) à partir d'un bord extérieur de cette zone (76) dans la direction radiale vers l'intérieur.
  14. Ajutage ou tuyère à tourbillon selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le canal à tourbillon (42) aboutit avec une ouverture d'entrée conçue sous la forme d'un segment de cercle (94) le long d'une zone de bord extérieur du fond de la chambre à tourbillon (34) dans la chambre à tourbillon (36).
EP89900234A 1987-12-11 1988-12-09 Ajutage a tourbillon vaporisateur de liquides Expired - Lifetime EP0346417B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93118034A EP0604741B1 (fr) 1987-12-11 1988-12-09 Buse à tourbillonnement pour pulvériser un liquide

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3742015 1987-12-11
DE3742015 1987-12-11
PCT/EP1988/001133 WO1989005195A1 (fr) 1987-12-11 1988-12-09 Ajutage a tourbillon vaporisateur de liquides

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93118034A Division EP0604741B1 (fr) 1987-12-11 1988-12-09 Buse à tourbillonnement pour pulvériser un liquide
EP93118034.3 Division-Into 1993-11-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0346417A1 EP0346417A1 (fr) 1989-12-20
EP0346417B1 true EP0346417B1 (fr) 1994-10-05

Family

ID=6342366

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93118034A Expired - Lifetime EP0604741B1 (fr) 1987-12-11 1988-12-09 Buse à tourbillonnement pour pulvériser un liquide
EP89900234A Expired - Lifetime EP0346417B1 (fr) 1987-12-11 1988-12-09 Ajutage a tourbillon vaporisateur de liquides

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93118034A Expired - Lifetime EP0604741B1 (fr) 1987-12-11 1988-12-09 Buse à tourbillonnement pour pulvériser un liquide

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5067655A (fr)
EP (2) EP0604741B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3856185D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989005195A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5067655A (en) 1991-11-26
EP0604741A2 (fr) 1994-07-06
WO1989005195A1 (fr) 1989-06-15
DE3856185D1 (de) 1998-06-18
EP0346417A1 (fr) 1989-12-20
DE3851750D1 (de) 1994-11-10
EP0604741A3 (fr) 1994-11-30
EP0604741B1 (fr) 1998-05-13

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