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EP0345459B1 - Pneumatic adjusting device - Google Patents

Pneumatic adjusting device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0345459B1
EP0345459B1 EP89107990A EP89107990A EP0345459B1 EP 0345459 B1 EP0345459 B1 EP 0345459B1 EP 89107990 A EP89107990 A EP 89107990A EP 89107990 A EP89107990 A EP 89107990A EP 0345459 B1 EP0345459 B1 EP 0345459B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
piston
housing
pneumatic
control element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89107990A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0345459A3 (en
EP0345459A2 (en
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Santelmann
Josef Stümpel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hella GmbH and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Hella KGaA Huek and Co
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0345459A2 publication Critical patent/EP0345459A2/en
Publication of EP0345459A3 publication Critical patent/EP0345459A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0345459B1 publication Critical patent/EP0345459B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28—Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2892—Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke characterised by the attachment means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28—Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2807—Position switches, i.e. means for sensing of discrete positions only, e.g. limit switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pneumatic control element, in particular for central locking systems in motor vehicles with a housing, with a piston rod which is displaceably mounted in the housing, with a piston which is connected to the piston rod and which, together with a housing part, forms a pressure chamber with a pneumatic pressure connection which connects the pressure chamber to a pressure source, with an electrical switch that can be actuated depending on the position of the piston rod relative to the housing, the switch being arranged in the pressure chamber and the switch being actuable by the piston, and a stamp being provided by the Piston is displaceable relative to the housing and through which the switch can be actuated.
  • Such a pneumatic actuator is previously known from US-A-3,303,755.
  • the actuating element there is designed as a double-acting diaphragm actuator, in which an electrical switch actuated by the piston is provided in the working chamber opposite the piston rod.
  • a stamp is arranged between the switch and the piston for actuating the switch.
  • a single-acting pneumatic actuating cylinder in which an electrical switch which can be actuated by the piston is arranged in the pressure chamber, which is located on the side of the piston facing away from the piston rod.
  • a stamp is provided between the switch and the piston, which, however, is not designed to be displaceable relative to the housing but rather to be pivotable.
  • This known pneumatic control element has the disadvantage that additional space is required for the arrangement of the electrical switch above the piston, so that this known control element has a large overall height, in view of the fact that such control elements are often arranged in doors or flaps of motor vehicles and the space available in such doors or flaps of the motor vehicle is often small, the required installation height of the pneumatic actuating element can be too large in certain installation situations due to this known arrangement of the switch. This can lead to the fact that motor vehicles with correspondingly narrow installation spaces cannot be equipped with such previously known pneumatic control elements and that accordingly the installation of the entire central locking system is put into question.
  • this known pneumatic control element has the disadvantage that, due to the known sensitivity of electrical switches to dirt and moisture, the housing space above the piston must be sealed with additional sealants against the ingress of moisture and dirt. Such sealants are often necessary only for this reason, so that additional, costly to procure and assemble parts are required by the known arrangement of the switch.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop the previously known pneumatic control elements in such a way that they can be manufactured more simply and more cost-effectively and that the switch actuation is safer than the previously known.
  • the stamp has an approach that operates the switch and that the switch is a snap switch that has a preferred switching position.
  • Such snap switches have the advantage of having a defined switchover point, so that the switchover takes place even with slight changes in the position of the piston or the piston rod relative to the housing.
  • the use of such snap switches caused difficulties because such snap switches have extensive mechanics, are filigree and therefore particularly sensitive to environmental influences such as moisture and dirt.
  • the snap switch can be actuated by a stamp which is displaceable relative to the housing by the piston of the pneumatic actuating element. This gives you more leeway with regard to the installation location of the snap switch in the pressure chamber and with regard to its installation position in the construction of the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention.
  • the stamp has an extension which actuates the snap switch, which also allows greater scope in the construction of the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention.
  • the pressure chamber of the pneumatic actuating element is connected via the pressure connection to a pneumatic pressure wave generating positive and / or negative pressure and, if appropriate, to pneumatic switching devices.
  • the connection is usually made via hose lines.
  • the pressure chamber is so compared to the environment of the pneumatic control element and environmental influences in this environment, such as. B. essentially sealed moisture and dirt. Due to the arrangement of the electrical snap switch in this pressure chamber, the electrical switch is essentially completely protected against all environmental influences, such as moisture and dirt in particular, because the pressure chamber together with the other parts, for. B. the central locking forms a closed system against the environment.
  • the switch is arranged on a plug-like part, the plug being insertable into a corresponding recess in the housing part.
  • the plug can have a guide in which the spring is arranged and in which the plunger is displaceably guided. This then has the advantage that the complete arrangement consisting of switch, plug, stamp, spring and shoulder are combined to form an assembly part and can be assembled together as a plug-like assembly part by inserting it into a corresponding recess in the housing part on the housing of the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention.
  • the switch is arranged on the same side of the housing as the pressure connection, because the pressure connection in each case takes up a structural depth and because the arrangement of the switch on the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention hardly takes up any more space than the pressure connection.
  • a membrane in particular a rolling membrane, is provided which seals the piston against the housing part.
  • a correspondingly tight fit of the piston in the housing part can be dispensed with.
  • the single figure shows a pneumatic actuator according to the invention in section.
  • the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention has a housing 1, which consists of a first upper housing part 2 and a second lower housing part 3.
  • the two housing parts 2 and 3 are connected to one another by a known latching connection
  • a piston rod 4 is arranged displaceably in the first upper housing part 2 of the housing 1.
  • the piston rod 4 is only weakly guided in the first upper housing part 2 in order, if necessary, to tolerances when installing the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention in the door or flap of a motor vehicle and a possible offset between the piston rod and parts of the rest of the central locking system to be connected to the piston rod or the lock. This weak guidance is brought about by the fact that a considerable play is provided between the piston rod 4 and the first housing part 2.
  • the piston rod 4 is firmly connected to a piston 5.
  • the piston 5 is substantially enclosed by a rolling membrane 6, the edge of which is bulged and is pressed in a corresponding groove between the first upper housing part 2 and the second lower housing part 3.
  • the lower second housing part 3 has a pneumatic pressure connection 8.
  • a recess or bore is provided in the second lower housing part 3, in which a stopper-like part 13 is inserted in a pressure-tight manner via a seal and is locked in a known manner.
  • An electrical switch 9, which is designed as a snap switch, is arranged on or in the plug 13.
  • a stamp 10 is arranged in the plug-like part or plug 13 in a corresponding guide (14).
  • the stamp 10 is loaded by a helical or cylindrical spring 11 in the starting position shown in the figure.
  • the spring 11 is also arranged in the guide 14 of the plug 13.
  • the stamp 10 has an extension 12 through which the switch 9 can be actuated.
  • the piston 5, the rolling membrane 6, the lower housing part 3 and the plug-like part 13 delimit a pressure chamber 7, which is connected to the surroundings of the pneumatic actuating element solely through the pneumatic pressure connection 8.
  • the pressure connection 8 is connected in a known manner via corresponding hose lines to a pressure source, so that the arrangement consisting of the pressure chamber 7, the hose line and the pressure source, which in the Figure is not shown, forms a system closed to the environment of the pneumatic actuator.
  • the pneumatic actuator according to the invention works as follows: In the figure, the unlocking position of the pneumatic actuator is shown, which is characterized in that the piston 5 and thus the piston rod 4 are in the position facing away from the electrical switch 9. In this case, the plunger 10 is relieved of the pressure by the piston 5, so that the spring 11 pushes the plunger 10 out of the guide 14 of the plug 13, as shown in the figure. In this case, the electrical switch 9 is also relieved of the attachment 12 and the electrical switch 9 has the switching position shown in the figure, in which the middle switching contact rests on the right fixed contact.
  • the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention is now supplied with negative pressure from the pressure source (not shown in the figure) via the pressure connection 8, a negative pressure is formed in the pressure chamber 7, which actuates the plunger 5 with the rolling membrane 6 in the direction of the electrical switch 9 into the locking position .
  • the piston 5 presses the roller 10 against the force of the spring 11 into the guide 14 of the plug-like part 13 via the rolling membrane 6.
  • the stamp 10 is thus moved down in the figure. With the stamp 10 is approach 12 of the stamp 10 in the direction in the figure downwards, whereby the electrical switch 9 is actuated such that the middle movable contact folds over and rests on the left contact in the figure.
  • the electrical switch 9 has then changed its electrical switching state.
  • the stamp 5 together with the rolling membrane 6 is pressed upwards again in the direction of the unlocking position shown in the figure.
  • the plunger 10 is relieved of the load by the piston 5 or the rolling diaphragm 6 and, due to the force of the spring 11, moves back up into the position shown in the figure.
  • the neck 12 is moved up again, so that the actuation of the electrical switch 9 by the neck 12, as shown in the figure, is canceled. Because of this relief, the electrical switch changes its switching state back to the position shown in the figure, in which the movable center contact rests against the fixed contact on the right in the figure.
  • the pneumatic actuator according to the invention can not only be used for central locking systems in motor vehicles.
  • the pneumatic control element it is also possible to use other devices in the motor vehicle such as. B. to control cooling air intakes in engine compartments with internal combustion engines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein pneumatisches Stellelement, insbesondere für Zentralverriegelungen in Kraftfahrzeugen mit einem Gehäuse, mit einer im Gehäuse verschieblich gelagerten Kolbenstange, mit einem Kolben, der mit der Kolbenstange verbunden ist und der gemeinsam mit einem Gehäuseteil einen Druckraum bildet, mit einem pneumatischen Druckanschluß, der den Druckraum mit einer Druckquelle verbindet, mit einem elektrischen Schalter, der abhängig von der Lage der Kolbenstange relativ zum Gehäuse betätigbar ist, wobei der Schalter im Druckraum angeordnet ist und der Schalter durch den Kolben betätigbar ist und wobei ein Stempel vorgesehen ist, der durch den Kolben gegenüber dem Gehäuse verschiebbar ist und durch den der Schalter betätigbar ist.The invention relates to a pneumatic control element, in particular for central locking systems in motor vehicles with a housing, with a piston rod which is displaceably mounted in the housing, with a piston which is connected to the piston rod and which, together with a housing part, forms a pressure chamber with a pneumatic pressure connection which connects the pressure chamber to a pressure source, with an electrical switch that can be actuated depending on the position of the piston rod relative to the housing, the switch being arranged in the pressure chamber and the switch being actuable by the piston, and a stamp being provided by the Piston is displaceable relative to the housing and through which the switch can be actuated.

Ein derartiges pneumatisches Stellelement ist aus der US-A-3 303 755 vorbekannt. Das dortige Stellelement ist als doppelt wirkender Membranstellantrieb ausgebildet, bei dem in der der Kolbenstange gegenüberliegenden Arbeitskammer ein vom Kolben betätigter, elektrischer Schalter vorgesehen ist. Zur Betätigung des Schalters ist zwischen dem Schalter und dem Kolben ein Stempel angeordnet.Such a pneumatic actuator is previously known from US-A-3,303,755. The actuating element there is designed as a double-acting diaphragm actuator, in which an electrical switch actuated by the piston is provided in the working chamber opposite the piston rod. A stamp is arranged between the switch and the piston for actuating the switch.

Aus der DE-A-1601 763 ist ein einfach wirkender pneumatischer Stellzylinder bekannt, bei dem im Druckraum, der sich auf der der Kolbenstange abgewandten Seite des Kolbens befindet, ein vom Kolben betätigbarer, elektrischer Schalter angeordnet ist. Auch hier ist ein Stempel zwischen dem Schalter und dem Kolben vorgesehen, der jedoch nicht relativ zum Gehäuse verschiebbar sondern verschwenkbar ausgebildet ist.From DE-A-1601 763 a single-acting pneumatic actuating cylinder is known, in which an electrical switch which can be actuated by the piston is arranged in the pressure chamber, which is located on the side of the piston facing away from the piston rod. Here, too, a stamp is provided between the switch and the piston, which, however, is not designed to be displaceable relative to the housing but rather to be pivotable.

Diese vorbekannten pneumatischen Stellelemente weisen den Nachteil auf, daß die dort verwendeten Schalter keinen definierten Umschaltpunkt aufweisen. Dadurch ist bei einer Änderung des Schaltzustandes keine Aussage darüber möglich, welche Lage zu dem Zeitpunkt der Änderung des Schaltzustandes die Kolbenstange relativ zum Gehäuse aufweist. Dies kann insbesondere bei der Verwendung der pneumatischen Stellelemente bei Zentralverriegelungen in Kraftfahrzeugen zu Schwierigkeiten führen, da dann eine für die ordnungsgemäße Funktion der Zentralverriegelung erforderliche, sichere Erfassung des Stellzustandes des pneumatischen Stellelementes nicht möglich ist.These previously known pneumatic control elements have the disadvantage that the switches used there have no defined switchover point. As a result, when the switching state changes, no statement can be made as to which position the piston rod is relative to the housing at the time the switching state changes. This can lead to difficulties, in particular when using the pneumatic actuating elements in central locking systems in motor vehicles, since then a reliable detection of the actuating state of the pneumatic actuating element required for the correct functioning of the central locking system is not possible.

Aus der DE-A-2936 821 ist zwar die Verwendung von Schnappschaltern bei pneumatischen Stellelementen vorbekannt. Der dortige Schnappschalter ist jedoch außerhalb des Druckraums oberhalb des Kolbens angeordnet und wird direkt oder indirekt durch die Kolbenstange betätigt.From DE-A-2936 821 the use of snap switches in pneumatic actuators is known. However, the snap switch there is arranged outside the pressure chamber above the piston and is actuated directly or indirectly by the piston rod.

Dieses vorbekannte pneumatische Stellelement hat den Nachteil, daß für die Anordnung des elektrischen Schalters oberhalb des Kolbens zusätzlicher Platz erforderlich ist, so daß dieses vorbekannte Stellelement eine große Bauhöhe aufweist, Angesichts der Tatsache, daß derartige Stellelemente häufig in Türen oder Klappen von Kraftfahrzeugen angeordnet werden und das Platzangebot in solchen Türen oder Klappen des Kraftfahrzeuges häufig gering ist, kann aufgrund dieser vorbekannten Anordnung des Schalters die erforderliche Einbauhöhe des pneumatischen Stellelementes in bestimmten Einbausituationen zu groß sein. Dies kann dazu führen, daß Kraftfahrzeuge mit entsprechend engen Einbauräumen nicht mit derartigen vorbekannten pneumatischen Stellelementen ausgerüstet werden können und daß demgemäß die Installation der gesamten Zentralverriegelung in Frage gestellt ist.This known pneumatic control element has the disadvantage that additional space is required for the arrangement of the electrical switch above the piston, so that this known control element has a large overall height, in view of the fact that such control elements are often arranged in doors or flaps of motor vehicles and the space available in such doors or flaps of the motor vehicle is often small, the required installation height of the pneumatic actuating element can be too large in certain installation situations due to this known arrangement of the switch. This can lead to the fact that motor vehicles with correspondingly narrow installation spaces cannot be equipped with such previously known pneumatic control elements and that accordingly the installation of the entire central locking system is put into question.

Weiterhin hat dieses vorbekannte pneumatische Stellelement den Nachteil, daß aufgrund der bekannten Empfindlichkeit elektrischer Schalter gegen Schmutz und Feuchtigkeit der Gehäuseraum oberhalb des Kolbens mit zusätzlichen Dichtmitteln gegen das Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit und Schmutz abgedichtet werden muß. Derartige Dichtmittel sind häufig nur aus diesem Grunde erforderlich, so daß durch die vorbekannte Anordnung des Schalters zusätzliche, kostenaufwendig zu beschaffende und zu montierende Teile erforderlich sind.Furthermore, this known pneumatic control element has the disadvantage that, due to the known sensitivity of electrical switches to dirt and moisture, the housing space above the piston must be sealed with additional sealants against the ingress of moisture and dirt. Such sealants are often necessary only for this reason, so that additional, costly to procure and assemble parts are required by the known arrangement of the switch.

Aus der FR-A-2 377 021 ist es bekannt, bei Stellzylindern Stempel zur Schalterbetätigung mit rampenförmigen Ausnehmungen zu verwenden. Der dort verwendete Schalter ist jedoch wieder ein vollgekapseltes Schaltelement, das außerhalb des Druckraums des pneumatischen Stellelementes angeordnet ist. Zudem handelt es sich bei dem dortigen Schalter nicht um einen Schnappschalter.From FR-A-2 377 021 it is known to use stamps for actuating cylinders with ramp-shaped recesses in actuating cylinders. However, the switch used there is again a fully encapsulated switching element which is arranged outside the pressure chamber of the pneumatic actuating element. In addition, the switch there is not a snap switch.

Die Erfindung hat die Aufgabe, die vorbekannten pneumatischen Stellelemente dahingehend weiterzubilden, daß sie einfacher und kostengünstiger herstellbar sind und daß die Schalterbetätigung gegenüber dem Vorbekannten sicherer ist.The object of the invention is to further develop the previously known pneumatic control elements in such a way that they can be manufactured more simply and more cost-effectively and that the switch actuation is safer than the previously known.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Stempel einen Ansatz aufweist, der den Schalter betätigt und daß der Schalter ein Schnappschalter ist, der eine bevorzugte Schaltstellung aufweist.This object is achieved in that the stamp has an approach that operates the switch and that the switch is a snap switch that has a preferred switching position.

Derartige Schnappschalter haben den Vorteil, einen definierten Umschaltpunkt aufzuweisen, so daß schon bei geringen Änderungen der Lage des Kolbens bzw. der Kolbenstange relativ zum Gehäuse die Umschaltung erfolgt. Bei den vorbekannten pneumatischen Stellelementen verursachte die Verwendung derartiger Schnappschalter deshalb Schwierigkeiten, weil derartige Schnappschalter eine umfangreiche Mechanik aufweisen, filigran aufgebaut sind und deshalb besonders empfindlich auf Umwelteinflüsse, wie Feuchtigkeit und Schmutz, reagieren.Such snap switches have the advantage of having a defined switchover point, so that the switchover takes place even with slight changes in the position of the piston or the piston rod relative to the housing. In the known pneumatic actuators, the use of such snap switches caused difficulties because such snap switches have extensive mechanics, are filigree and therefore particularly sensitive to environmental influences such as moisture and dirt.

Der Schnappschalter ist durch einen Stempel betätigbar, der durch den Kolben des pneumatischen Stellelementes gegenüber dem Gehäuse verschiebbar ist. Dadurch hat man hinsichtlich des Einbauortes des Schnappschalters im Druckraum und hinsichtlich seiner Einbaulage bei der Konstruktion des erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Stellelementes mehr Spielräume. Erfindungsgemäß weist der Stempel einen Ansatz auf, der den Schnappschalter betätigt, was ebenfalls bei der Konstruktion des erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Stellelements größere Spielräume ermöglicht.The snap switch can be actuated by a stamp which is displaceable relative to the housing by the piston of the pneumatic actuating element. This gives you more leeway with regard to the installation location of the snap switch in the pressure chamber and with regard to its installation position in the construction of the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention. According to the invention, the stamp has an extension which actuates the snap switch, which also allows greater scope in the construction of the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention.

Der Druckraum des pneumatischen Stellelementes ist dabei über den Druckanschluß mit einer pneumatischen überdruck- und/oder Unterdruck erzeugenden Druckwelle und gegebenenfalls mit pneumatischen Schalteinrichtungen verbunden. Die Verbindung erfolgt üblicherweise über Schlauchleitungen. Prinzipbedingt ist der Druckraum also gegenüber der Umgebung des pneumatischen Stellelementes und gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen in dieser Umgebung, wie z. B. Feuchtigkeit und Schmutz im wesentlichen abgedichtet. Durch die Anordnung des elektrischen Schnappschalters in diesem Druckraum ist der elektrische Schalter im wesentlichen vollständig gegenüber allen Umwelteinflüssen, wie insbesondere Feuchtigkeit und Schmutz geschützt, weil der Druckraum gemeinsam mit den übrigen Teilen z. B. der Zentralverriegelung ein gegenüber der Umwelt abgeschlossenes System bildet.The pressure chamber of the pneumatic actuating element is connected via the pressure connection to a pneumatic pressure wave generating positive and / or negative pressure and, if appropriate, to pneumatic switching devices. The connection is usually made via hose lines. In principle, the pressure chamber is so compared to the environment of the pneumatic control element and environmental influences in this environment, such as. B. essentially sealed moisture and dirt. Due to the arrangement of the electrical snap switch in this pressure chamber, the electrical switch is essentially completely protected against all environmental influences, such as moisture and dirt in particular, because the pressure chamber together with the other parts, for. B. the central locking forms a closed system against the environment.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Stellgliedes gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Further advantageous refinements and developments of the pneumatic actuator according to the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Insbesondere, um einen definierten Schaltzustand des Schalters bei vom Stempel abgehobenen Kolben sicherzustellen, ist es vorteilhaft, eine Feder vorzusehen, die den Stempel in öffnungsstellung oder einer ersten Schaltstellung des Schalters belastet.In particular, in order to ensure a defined switching state of the switch when the piston is lifted off the plunger, it is advantageous to provide a spring which loads the plunger in the open position or in a first switching position of the switch.

Zur einfachen, druckdichten Befestigung des Schalters am Gehäuseteil ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Schalter an einem stopfenartigen Teil angeordnet ist, wobei der Stopfen in eine entsprechende Ausnehmung des Gehäuseteils einschiebbar ist.For simple, pressure-tight attachment of the switch to the housing part, it is advantageous if the switch is arranged on a plug-like part, the plug being insertable into a corresponding recess in the housing part.

Ist ein derartiger Stopfen vorgesehen, so ist es vorteilhaft, auch den Stempel verschieblich am stopfenartigen Teil anzuordnen. Insbesondere kann der Stopfen eine Führung aufweisen, in der die Feder angeordnet ist und in der der Stempel verschieblich geführt ist. Dies hat dann den Vorteil, daß die komplette Anordnung, bestehend aus Schalter, Stopfen, Stempel, Feder und Ansatz zu einem Montageteil zusammengefaßt sind und gemeinsam als stopfenartiges Montageteil durch Einschieben in eine entsprechende Ausnehmung des Gehäuseteils am Gehäuse des erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Stellelements montiert werden kann.If such a stopper is provided, it is advantageous to also arrange the stamp displaceably on the stopper-like part. In particular, the plug can have a guide in which the spring is arranged and in which the plunger is displaceably guided. This then has the advantage that the complete arrangement consisting of switch, plug, stamp, spring and shoulder are combined to form an assembly part and can be assembled together as a plug-like assembly part by inserting it into a corresponding recess in the housing part on the housing of the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention.

Insbesondere aus Gründen der weiteren Platzersparnis ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Schalter auf der gleichen Gehäuseseite wie der Druckanschluß angeordnet ist, weil der Druckanschluß in jedem Fall eine Bautiefe beansprucht und weil die Anordnung des Schalters am erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Stellelement gegenüber dem Druckanschluß kaum mehr Platz beansprucht.In particular, for reasons of further space savings, it is advantageous if the switch is arranged on the same side of the housing as the pressure connection, because the pressure connection in each case takes up a structural depth and because the arrangement of the switch on the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention hardly takes up any more space than the pressure connection.

Um die Konstruktion des erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Stellelements zu vereinfachen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn eine Membran, insbesondere eine Rollmembran, vorgesehen ist, die den Kolben gegen das Gehäuseteil abdichtet. In diesem Fall kann auf eine entsprechend enge Passung des Kolbens im Gehäuseteil verzichtet werden.In order to simplify the construction of the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention, it is advantageous if a membrane, in particular a rolling membrane, is provided which seals the piston against the housing part. In in this case, a correspondingly tight fit of the piston in the housing part can be dispensed with.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Stellelements ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.An embodiment of the pneumatic actuator according to the invention is shown in the drawings and is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Die einzige Figur zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes pneumatisches Stellelement im Schnitt.The single figure shows a pneumatic actuator according to the invention in section.

In der einzigen Figur weist das erfindungsgemäße pneumatische Stellelement ein Gehäuse 1 auf, das aus einem ersten oberen Gehäuseteil 2 und aus einem zweiten unteren Gehäuseteil 3 besteht. Die beiden Gehäuseteile 2 und 3 sind durch eine bekannte Rastverbindung miteinander verbunden
In dem ersten oberen Gehäuseteil 2 des Gehäuses 1 ist eine Kolbenstange 4 verschieblich angeordnet. Die Kolbenstange 4 ist nur schwach im ersten oberen Gehäuseteil 2 geführt, um ggfs. Toleranzen bei der Montage des erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Stellelements in der Tür oder Klappe eines Kraftfahrzeuges und einen ggfs. vorhandenen Versatz zwischen der Kolbenstange und mit der Kolbenstange zu verbindenden Teilen der übrigen Zentralverriegelung bzw. des Schlosses auszugleichen. Diese schwache Führung ist dadurch bewerkstelligt, daß ein nennenswertes Spiel zwischen der Kolbenstange 4 und dem ersten Gehäuseteil 2 vorgesehen ist. Durch die in der Figur erkennbaren Schlitze zwischen der Kolbenstange 4 und dem ersten oberen Gehäuseteil 2 kann Feuchtigkeit und auch Schmutz in den Raum zwischen dem ersten oberen Gehäuseteil und einem Kolben eindringen. Dies ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Stellelement unschädlich, da keine feuchtigkeits- oder auch schmutzempfindliche Teile, insbesondere der elektrische Schalter der vorbekannten pneumatischen Stellelemente, in diesem Raum angeordnet sind.In the single figure, the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention has a housing 1, which consists of a first upper housing part 2 and a second lower housing part 3. The two housing parts 2 and 3 are connected to one another by a known latching connection
A piston rod 4 is arranged displaceably in the first upper housing part 2 of the housing 1. The piston rod 4 is only weakly guided in the first upper housing part 2 in order, if necessary, to tolerances when installing the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention in the door or flap of a motor vehicle and a possible offset between the piston rod and parts of the rest of the central locking system to be connected to the piston rod or the lock. This weak guidance is brought about by the fact that a considerable play is provided between the piston rod 4 and the first housing part 2. Due to the slits in the figure between the piston rod 4 and the first upper housing part 2 moisture and Dirt enter the space between the first upper case and a piston. This is harmless in the pneumatic control element according to the invention, since no parts that are sensitive to moisture or dirt, in particular the electrical switch of the known pneumatic control elements, are arranged in this space.

Die Kolbenstange 4 ist mit einem Kolben 5 fest verbunden. Der Kolben 5 ist von einer Rollmembran 6 im wesentlichen umschlossen, deren Rand wulstförmig ausgebildet ist und zwischen dem ersten oberen Gehäuseteil 2 und dem zweiten unteren Gehäuseteil 3 in einer entsprechenden Nut umlaufend eingepreßt ist.The piston rod 4 is firmly connected to a piston 5. The piston 5 is substantially enclosed by a rolling membrane 6, the edge of which is bulged and is pressed in a corresponding groove between the first upper housing part 2 and the second lower housing part 3.

Das untere zweite Gehäuseteil 3 weist einen pneumatischen Druckanschluß 8 auf. Zusätzlich ist eine Ausnehmung oder Bohrung im zweiten unteren Gehäuseteil 3 vorgesehen, in der ein stopfenartiges Teil 13 über eine Dichtung druckdicht eingesetzt und in bekannter Art und Weise verrastet ist. An oder in dem Stopfen 13 ist ein elektrischer Schalter 9 angeordnet, der als Schnappschalter ausgebildet ist. Parallel neben dem Schnappschalter ist ein Stempel 10 im stopfenartigen Teil oder Stopfen 13 in einer entsprechenden Führung (14) angeordnet. Der Stempel 10 wird durch eine schrauben- bzw. zylinderförmige Feder 11 in der in der Figur dargestellten Ausgangsstellung belastet. Die Feder 11 ist ebenfalls in der Führung 14 des Stopfens 13 angeordnet. Der Stempel 10 weist einen Ansatz 12 auf, durch den der Schalter 9 betätigbar ist. Der Kolben 5, die Rollmembran 6, das untere Gehäuseteil 3 und der stopfenartige Teil 13 begrenzen einen Druckraum 7, der allein durch den pneumatischen Druckanschluß 8 mit der Umgebung des pneumatischen Stellelements in Verbindung steht. Der Druckanschluß 8 ist in bekannter Art und Weise über entsprechende Schlauchleitungen mit einer Druckquelle verbunden, so daß die Anordnung, bestehend aus dem Druckraum 7, der Schlauchleitung und der Druckquelle, die in der Figur nicht dargestellt sind, ein gegenüber der Umgebung des pneumatischen Stellelements abgeschlossenes System bildet. Dadurch, daß der Druckraum 7 also gegen die Umgebungseinflüsse Feuchtigkeit und Schmutz vor allem abgeschlossen ist und dadurch, daß der elektrische Schalter 9 in diesem Druckraum 7 angeordnet ist, hat das neuerungsgemäße pneumatische Stellelement den Vorteil, daß keine Feuchtigkeit oder Schmutz aus der Umgebung an den elektrischen Schalter 9 gelangen kann, so daß eine Fehlfunktion des elektrischen Schalters durch Verschmutzung oder Korrosion so gut wie ausgeschlossen ist.The lower second housing part 3 has a pneumatic pressure connection 8. In addition, a recess or bore is provided in the second lower housing part 3, in which a stopper-like part 13 is inserted in a pressure-tight manner via a seal and is locked in a known manner. An electrical switch 9, which is designed as a snap switch, is arranged on or in the plug 13. Parallel to the snap switch, a stamp 10 is arranged in the plug-like part or plug 13 in a corresponding guide (14). The stamp 10 is loaded by a helical or cylindrical spring 11 in the starting position shown in the figure. The spring 11 is also arranged in the guide 14 of the plug 13. The stamp 10 has an extension 12 through which the switch 9 can be actuated. The piston 5, the rolling membrane 6, the lower housing part 3 and the plug-like part 13 delimit a pressure chamber 7, which is connected to the surroundings of the pneumatic actuating element solely through the pneumatic pressure connection 8. The pressure connection 8 is connected in a known manner via corresponding hose lines to a pressure source, so that the arrangement consisting of the pressure chamber 7, the hose line and the pressure source, which in the Figure is not shown, forms a system closed to the environment of the pneumatic actuator. The fact that the pressure chamber 7 is above all sealed against the environmental influences of moisture and dirt and because the electrical switch 9 is arranged in this pressure chamber 7, the innovative pneumatic control element has the advantage that no moisture or dirt from the environment to the electrical switch 9 can reach, so that a malfunction of the electrical switch due to contamination or corrosion is almost impossible.

Das erfindungsgemäße pneumatische Stellelement funktioniert folgendermaßen:
In der Figur ist die Entriegelungsstellung des pneumatischen Stellelements dargestellt, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß sich der Kolben 5 und damit die Kolbenstange 4 in der vom elektrischen Schalter 9 abgewandten Stellung befinden. In diesem Fall ist der Stempel 10 vom Kolben 5 entlastet, so daß die Feder 11 den Stempel 10 entsprechend der Figur aus der Führung 14 des Stopfens 13 herausdrückt. In diesem Fall ist auch der elektrische Schalter 9 von dem Ansatz 12 entlastet und der elektrische Schalter 9 weist die in der Figur dargestellte Schaltstellung auf, bei der der mittlere Schaltkontakt an dem rechten Festkontakt anliegt.The pneumatic actuator according to the invention works as follows:
In the figure, the unlocking position of the pneumatic actuator is shown, which is characterized in that the piston 5 and thus the piston rod 4 are in the position facing away from the electrical switch 9. In this case, the plunger 10 is relieved of the pressure by the piston 5, so that the spring 11 pushes the plunger 10 out of the guide 14 of the plug 13, as shown in the figure. In this case, the electrical switch 9 is also relieved of the attachment 12 and the electrical switch 9 has the switching position shown in the figure, in which the middle switching contact rests on the right fixed contact.

Wird nun das erfindungsgemäße pneumatische Stellelement über den Druckanschluß 8 mit Unterdruck von der in der Figur nicht dargestellten Druckquelle versorgt, so bildet sich im Druckraum 7 ein Unterdruck aus, der den Stempel 5 mit der Rollmembran 6 in Richtung des elektrischen Schalters 9 in die Verriegelungsstellung betätigt. Dabei preßt der Kolben 5 über die Rollmembran 6 den Stempel 10 gegen die Kraft der Feder 11 in die Führung 14 des stopfenartigen Teils 13 hinein. Der Stempel 10 wird also in der Figur nach unten verschoben. Mit dem Stempel 10 wird de Ansatz 12 des Stempels 10 in Richtung in der Figur nach unten verschoben, wodurch der elektrische Schalter 9 derart betätigt wird, daß der mittlere bewegliche Kontakt umklappt und auf dem in der Figur linken Kontakt aufliegt. Der elektrische Schalter 9 hat dann also seinen elektrischen Schaltzustand gewechselt.If the pneumatic actuating element according to the invention is now supplied with negative pressure from the pressure source (not shown in the figure) via the pressure connection 8, a negative pressure is formed in the pressure chamber 7, which actuates the plunger 5 with the rolling membrane 6 in the direction of the electrical switch 9 into the locking position . The piston 5 presses the roller 10 against the force of the spring 11 into the guide 14 of the plug-like part 13 via the rolling membrane 6. The stamp 10 is thus moved down in the figure. With the stamp 10 is approach 12 of the stamp 10 in the direction in the figure downwards, whereby the electrical switch 9 is actuated such that the middle movable contact folds over and rests on the left contact in the figure. The electrical switch 9 has then changed its electrical switching state.

Wird als nächstes der Druckraum 7 über den Druckanschluß 8 durch eine Druckquelle mit Überdruck versorgt, so wird der Stempel 5 gemeinsam mit der Rollmembran 6 wieder in Richtung der in der Figur dargestellten Entriegelungsstellung nach oben gedrückt. Dadurch wird der Stempel 10 vom Kolben 5 bzw. der Rollmembran 6 entlastet und bewegt sich wieder aufgrund der Kraft der Feder 11 in die in der Figur dargestellte Lage nach oben zurück. Mit dem Stempel 10 wird auch der Ansatz 12 wieder nach oben bewegt, so daß die Betätigung des elektrischen Schalters 9 durch den Ansatz 12, wie in der Figur dargestellt, aufgehoben ist. Aufgrund dieser Entlastung ändert der elektrische Schalter seinen Schaltzustand wieder in die in der Figur dargestellte Position, bei der der bewegliche Mittelkontakt wieder an den in der Figur rechten Festkontakt anliegt.If the pressure chamber 7 is next supplied with excess pressure via the pressure connection 8 by a pressure source, the stamp 5 together with the rolling membrane 6 is pressed upwards again in the direction of the unlocking position shown in the figure. As a result, the plunger 10 is relieved of the load by the piston 5 or the rolling diaphragm 6 and, due to the force of the spring 11, moves back up into the position shown in the figure. With the stamp 10, the neck 12 is moved up again, so that the actuation of the electrical switch 9 by the neck 12, as shown in the figure, is canceled. Because of this relief, the electrical switch changes its switching state back to the position shown in the figure, in which the movable center contact rests against the fixed contact on the right in the figure.

Das erfindungsgemäße pneumatische Stellelement kann nicht nur für Zentralverriegelungen in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet werden. Mit dem pneumatischen Stellelement ist es durchaus möglich, auch andere Geräte im Kraftfahrzeug wie z. B. Kühllufteinlässe in Motorräumen mit Brennkraftmaschinen zu steuern.The pneumatic actuator according to the invention can not only be used for central locking systems in motor vehicles. With the pneumatic control element, it is also possible to use other devices in the motor vehicle such as. B. to control cooling air intakes in engine compartments with internal combustion engines.

Claims (7)

  1. A pneumatic control element, particularly for central locking systems in vehicles, with a housing (1) with a piston rod (4) which is mounted in the housing (1) so that it can move, with a piston (5) which is attached to the piston rod (4) and which forms a pressure chamber (7) jointly with a housing part (3), with a pneumatic pressure connection (8) which connects the pressure chamber to a source of pressure, with an electrical switch (9) which can be actuated depending on the position of the piston rod (4) in relation to the housing (1), wherein the switch (9) is disposed in the pressure chamber (7) and the switch (9) can be actuated by the piston (5), and wherein a plunger (10) is provided which can be moved in relation to the housing (1) by the piston (5) and can be actuated by the switch (9), characterised in that the plunger (10) has a stop (12) which actuates the switch (9) and that the switch (9) is a snap-action switch which has a preferred switching position.
  2. A pneumatic control element according to Claim 1, characterised in that a spring (11) is provided which loads the plunger (10) in the open position or in a first switching position of the switch (9).
  3. A pneumatic control element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the switch (9) is disposed on a gland-like part (13) inserted in the housing part (3).
  4. A pneumatic control element according to Claim 3, characterised in that the plunger (10) is disposed on the gland-like part (13) so that the plunger can move.
  5. A pneumatic control element according to Claim 4 and Claim 2, characterised in that the gland-like part (13) has a guide (14) in which the spring (11) is disposed and in which the plunger (10) is mounted so that it can move.
  6. A pneumatic control element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the switch (9) is disposed on the same side of the housing (1) as the pressure connection (8).
  7. A pneumatic control element according to Claim 1, characterised in that a membrane (6), particularly a curled membrane, is provided, which seals the piston (5) against the housing part (3).
EP89107990A 1988-06-09 1989-05-03 Pneumatic adjusting device Expired - Lifetime EP0345459B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8807543U DE8807543U1 (en) 1988-06-09 1988-06-09 Pneumatic actuator
DE8807543U 1988-06-09

Publications (3)

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EP0345459A2 EP0345459A2 (en) 1989-12-13
EP0345459A3 EP0345459A3 (en) 1990-09-26
EP0345459B1 true EP0345459B1 (en) 1992-11-25

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EP89107990A Expired - Lifetime EP0345459B1 (en) 1988-06-09 1989-05-03 Pneumatic adjusting device

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EP (1) EP0345459B1 (en)
DE (2) DE8807543U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2035982T3 (en)

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FR2670882B1 (en) * 1990-12-20 1994-05-20 Bendix Europe Services Technique DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE POSITION OF A PUSH ROD OF A PNEUMATIC SERVOMOTOR.
DE19929074A1 (en) * 1999-06-25 2000-12-28 Mann & Hummel Filter Control device has sensor with two electrically conducting contacts embedded in housing, mutually electrically isolated and at distance bridged by elastic deformation of at least one contact
FR2891393B1 (en) * 2005-09-23 2007-12-21 Dav Sa CONTROL DEVICE HAVING A HARD POINT MECHANISM AND ACTUATING ELECTRICAL CONTACTS
CN111379763A (en) * 2018-12-31 2020-07-07 重庆海峻机电设备有限公司 Motor cabinet with position finding device

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0345459A3 (en) 1990-09-26
DE8807543U1 (en) 1988-08-04
ES2035982T3 (en) 1993-05-01
DE58902802D1 (en) 1993-01-07
EP0345459A2 (en) 1989-12-13

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