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EP0344142A1 - Method for the combined cutting and dressing of glassware or crystal-glassware by means of abrasive tools, and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method for the combined cutting and dressing of glassware or crystal-glassware by means of abrasive tools, and device for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0344142A1
EP0344142A1 EP89870069A EP89870069A EP0344142A1 EP 0344142 A1 EP0344142 A1 EP 0344142A1 EP 89870069 A EP89870069 A EP 89870069A EP 89870069 A EP89870069 A EP 89870069A EP 0344142 A1 EP0344142 A1 EP 0344142A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
article
cutting
flattering
abrasive
carried out
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89870069A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0344142B1 (en
Inventor
Léon Biebuyck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biebuyck Ets SA
Original Assignee
Biebuyck Ets SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biebuyck Ets SA filed Critical Biebuyck Ets SA
Priority to AT89870069T priority Critical patent/ATE77985T1/en
Publication of EP0344142A1 publication Critical patent/EP0344142A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0344142B1 publication Critical patent/EP0344142B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
    • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
    • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B9/08—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass
    • B24B9/12—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of hollow glassware, e.g. drinking glasses, preserve jars, television picture tube viewing panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/06—Grinders for cutting-off
    • B24B27/0658—Grinders for cutting-off for cutting workpieces while they are turning about their longitudinal axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/003—Multipurpose machines; Equipment therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
    • B28D1/046—Sawing in a plane parallel to the work table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
    • B28D1/048—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs with a plurality of saw blades

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combined cutting-fletting process using abrasive tools for glassware or crystalware and a device implementing the process.
  • Cutting with the aid of abrasive tools of glassware or crystalware generally aims to detach from the article itself the mass of glass or crystal, hereinafter called cap, which served to hold the article during its shaping phase by hot plastic deformation.
  • the flettation with the aid of abrasive tools of glassware or crystalware is the operation which follows that of cutting. It generally aims to complete the article edge generated by the cutting operation.
  • Cutting using glassware or crystalware articles using abrasive tools is conventionally carried out using an abrasive disc whose axis of rotation is situated in a substantially vertical plane.
  • the article being positioned so that the expected cutting plane merges with the plane of symmetry of the abrasive disc, the article is generally placed on its base on a substantially horizontal plane, the upper part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut constituting the part defined above as being the cap, the lower part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut constituting the article proper.
  • Cutting using glassware or crystalware articles using abrasive tools is also conventionally carried out using an abrasive disc whose axis of rotation is situated in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • the article being positioned so that the expected cutting plane merges with the plane of symmetry of the abrasive disc, the article is generally held by a device so that its base is located in a substantially vertical plane.
  • Cutting with the aid of abrasive tools of glassware or crystalware is also conventionally carried out using two abrasive discs working substantially at the same time and penetrating into the article to be cut following identical displacements.
  • the axis of rotation of the abrasive discs is generally located in a substantially vertical plane; the article is generally placed on its base on a plane substantially horizontal, the upper part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the section to be cut constituting the part defined above as being the cap, the lower part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut constituting the article itself.
  • the sequence of operations is identical.
  • the disc (s) rotating at high speed slowly approach the stationary article and penetrate into this article of an adequate depth, i.e. if the article is full sufficiently close to the center or if the article is hollow enough for the rim of the abrasive disc to open into the central hollow; penetration is then considered complete.
  • the article is slowly rotated so that as this rotation occurs, the abrasive disc cuts a groove in the mass of glass or crystal which ultimately results in the detachment of the cap from the useful part of the article. Slow rotation of the article may already have started while the abrasive disc is still penetrating the article.
  • the trajectory of the disc during penetration into the article can be substantially radial, which corresponds for a given article to the most displacement weak abrasive disc; on the other hand, a single disc performing the cutting, the article will have to rotate about 360 ° to be completely cut.
  • the cap being cut is located above the cutting disc, which requires to be maintained manually or by a any device this cap in place during and especially towards the end of cutting.
  • the weight of the cap is applied to the section of glass or crystal still connecting the cap to the useful part of the article being cut, requesting this section following a bending force. This stress can cause the abrupt and premature detachment of the cap by fragile rupture of the glass or crystal section still connecting it to the useful part of the article.
  • This rupture can induce a significant chipping or more generally a mechanical deterioration of the edge or the bottom of the article generated by the cutting disc; the cap which has just detached from the useful part of the article can cause deterioration of the cutting discs and / or be thrown by them in an uncontrolled manner and dangerous for the operator.
  • the mixture constituted by the cutting liquid charged with glass or crystal dust trickles onto the useful part of the article.
  • the loaded cutting liquid accumulates in the hollow until possibly filling it completely and the article must either be emptied before 'remove from the machine, i.e. remove it from the machine filled with cutting fluid.
  • the shape of the article its surface must be thoroughly cleaned of glass dust which remains attached to it. This cleaning operation generally takes a long time; it is tedious to carry out manually; its automation is not simple considering the various forms of the articles.
  • the weight of the cap which is not maintained or inadequately maintained is applied during cutting on the glass section or crystal still connecting the cap to the useful part of the article, urging it according to a force composed of bending and shearing.
  • This stress can cause, as in the previous case, the brutal and premature detachment of the cap by fragile rupture of the section of glass or crystal still connecting it to the useful part of the article.
  • This rupture can induce, as in the previous case, a chipping significant or more generally mechanical deterioration of the edge or bottom of the article generated by the cutting disc; the cap which has just detached from the useful part of the article can also cause deterioration of the cutting discs.
  • the actual cutting can be carried out fairly quickly due to the presence of two discs working simultaneously.
  • the cap which has just detached from the useful part of the article rests on the two cutting discs; it can cause damage to the cutting discs and / or be thrown by them in an uncontrolled and dangerous way for the operator.
  • Edge or bottom flattering of glassware or crystalware items is conventionally carried out using an abrasive cup wheel whose axis of rotation is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane of the edge or bottom of the item generated by cutting.
  • the article being in slow rotation, the grinding wheel is applied on the bottom or on the edge of the article with a controlled effort; in the case where the grinding wheel has to machine a complete base, its abrasive rim will necessarily pass through the center of rotation of the article; in the case where a more or less thick wall of a hollow article is to be machined, the grinding wheel will be positioned so that its rim is sequent to this wall in two very distinct locations and if possible in two substantially opposite locations.
  • the machining of glass or crystal by the cup wheel continues at constant effort until the wheel sinking into the material, it comes to rest on a set mechanical stop to remove an optimal thickness of material.
  • the cutting and flailing operations are carried out on workstations or on different machines.
  • the article, loaded on its base, is substantially vertical, the part referred to above as the cap constituting the upper part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut; the axes of the cutting disc and of the grinding wheels are also substantially vertical.
  • the various operations taking place on successive stations, only the station on which the operation requiring the most time takes place is used permanently.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims consists of a cutting-fletting process combined using abrasive tools for glassware or crystalware and a device implementing this process, characterized in that the article is held by a device so that its axis is substantially vertical, the lower part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut constituting what has been defined above as being the cap and the upper part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to cutting constituting the article proper, in that two abrasive discs whose axes are substantially vertical penetrate into the article to be cut in places and in substantially opposite directions of approach, in that each of the two pins tool on which a cutting disc is mounted also carries a grinding wheel so that the two operations carried out by these two tools successively can take place on the same workstation, in that a flattering operation is carried out after cutting by a lateral face of the abrasive part of the cutting disc, in that the flattering operation is carried out when the tool is applied
  • the cap is located below the cutting disc and that its weight urges the two equivalent sections of glass or crystal still connecting during cutting the cap to the useful part of article only in traction; it follows that this cap detaches in a balanced manner from the useful part of the article and falls by gravity without risk of damaging either the edge of the article generated by cutting or the abrasive disc. glass or crystal dust does not drip onto the article itself.
  • the figures show a device carrying out the combined cutting-planking operation according to the present invention, essentially comprising a frame consisting of a base 1 and two columns 2; columns 2 are connected at their upper part by a cross member 3; on the crosspiece 3 is fixed the article holder head 4 provided with a gripping device 5 holding the article to be machined 47 so that the cap 48 constitutes the lower part of the article to be machined; the cross member 3 can move along the columns 2; the position of the cross member 3 relative to the columns 2 is fixed by a positioning device 6.
  • the two columns 2 are also connected to their lower part by a cross member 7 in general fixed; the cross-member 7 is equipped with a support and positioning device 8 for the tool-holder units 9.
  • Each tool-holder unit 9 is equipped with a cutting disc 10 and a flattering wheel 11.
  • the base 1 carries a device for collecting and removing the caps 12.
  • a tool holder unit 9 essentially comprises a tool holder spindle 13 whose rotation is ensured by a motor 14 by means of pulleys 15 and 16 and a belt 17; the spindle 13 and the motor 14 are fixed to a structural part 18; the structural part 18 is connected to another structural part 19 by means of columns 20 and has, with respect to this structural part 19, a degree of freedom of movement along these columns 20. the structural part 19 is fixed to the support and positioning device 8.
  • a part 21 comprising a bearing surface 22 is connected to the structural part 18 by through a net 23; the rotation of this part 21 relative to the structural part 18 generates a displacement of the part 21 relative to the structural part 18 along the axis 24; this rotation is printed and controlled by a micromotor 25 via pulleys 26 and 27 and a belt 28; similarly, a part 29 comprising a bearing surface 30 is connected to the structural part 18 by means of a thread 31; the rotation of this part 29 relative to the structural part 18 generates a displacement of the part 29 relative to the structural part 18 along the axis 32; this rotation is printed and controlled by a micromotor 33 via pulleys 34 and 35 and a belt 36.
  • the micromotors 25 and 33 are controlled by a logic or computer unit.
  • a piston 37 slides in a housing 38 arranged in the structural part 19; its maximum stroke is determined by the position of the underside of the stop piece 39. Left to itself, the piston 37 is in the low position; it is pushed into the high position by a pressurized fluid supplied via the pipe 40 at the level of the underside of the piston 37.
  • the surface 22 of the part 21 is always in contact with the upper face 41 of the piston 37; the piston 37 being in the low position if the line 40 is not supplied by the pressurized fluid or in the high position if the line 40 is supplied by the fluid under pressure.
  • the functional stroke of the piston the maximum stroke of which is determined by the height of the cylindrical chamber which remains free in the housing 38, is determined by the existing distance, the piston being in the low position, between the bearing surface 30 of the part 29 and the underside 42 of the structural part 19. This distance can vary by the displacement along the axis 32 of the part 29 generated and controlled by the rotation of the micromotor 33, the functional stroke of the piston 37 is therefore adjustable.
  • the movement of the part 21 relative to the structural part 18 being generated and controlled by the rotation of the micromotor 25, the position, the piston 37 being in the low position, of the structural part 18 relative to the part structure 19, that is to say in fact the position of the plane of symmetry of the cutting disc 10 relative to the support and positioning device 8, is also adjustable.
  • the article carrying head 4 is designed in such a way that the clamping vice 5 carrying the article 47 can be rotated controlled in terms of angular position, rotational speed and angular acceleration by the through a logical or computer unit.
  • the positioning device 6 controlling the movement of the upper cross member 3 along the columns 2 is generally controlled by a logic or computer unit.
  • the movements of the two tool-holding units 9 along the support and positioning device 8 are generally independent of one another and controlled by a logic or computer unit so that these movements can be synchronized with the rotation of the clamping vice 5 carrying the article 47 and the displacement of the cross-member 3 so as to machine in the best conditions articles of complex or irregular shapes.
  • the speed of rotation of tools 10 and 11 is also adjustable.
  • the article 47 is loaded manually or by an automated device on the article holder head 4, the cap 48 constituting the lower part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be machined.
  • the tools 10 and 11 are rotated.
  • the cutting operation is carried out firstly by the two abrasive discs 10 working substantially simultaneously; at this time, the piston 37 is held in the high position by the pressurized fluid supplied via the pipe 40; beforehand, the two cutting discs 10 were brought into the same substantially horizontal plane by the adjustment of the bearing surfaces 30.
  • the two cutting discs 10 penetrate into the article to be cut in places and in directions of substantially opposite approach substantially simultaneously by displacements, parallel to themselves, in their substantially horizontal common plane and perpendicular to the axis 24, materialized by the displacements of the tool holders 9 along the support and positioning device 8.
  • article 47 is slowly rotated.
  • the grooves produced by the discs 10 during the rotation of the article 47 lead to the detachment of the cap 48 after a rotation less than or equal to 180 °.
  • a first flattering operation can optionally be carried out with the upper face 44 of the part as the flattering tool. diamond 43 of the cutting disc 10.
  • the cutting discs 10 are brought into a favorable position for this flattering operation by a displacement, parallel to themselves, in their common plane substantially horizontal and perpendicular to the axis 24, materialized by the displacements of the tool holders 9 along the support and positioning device 8.
  • the relative positions of the two cutting discs 10 relative to the article 47 along the axis 24 being substantially identical, an identical depression of the lateral face upper 44 of these two discs 10 is determined by an equivalent displacement of the cross-member 3 along the columns 2, this displacement being precisely controlled by the positioning device 6.
  • This distance has been adjusted beforehand and for each tool holder unit by the position of the bearing surface 22, given the position of the bearing surface 30, at a value slightly greater than the distance, projected on the axis 24, between the upper face 44 of the abrasive part 43 of the cutting disc 10 and the upper face 46 of the abrasive part 45 of the flatter wheel 11 so as to be able to bring without risk of interference with article 47 which has just been cut off the flatter wheel 11 under this article, in a position favorable for the flattering operation .
  • the values of this distance will generally not be exactly the same for the two tool-holding units; they can be significantly different if the abrasive tools, and in particular the flattering wheels 11 are of different types or at different stages of wear.
  • the flattering operation can begin; it can be carried out by only one of the two grinding wheels 11; in this case, the two grinding wheels 11 can be of equal quality and be used alternately; the two grinding wheels 11 can also be different and used successively on the same article.
  • the flattering operation can also be carried out by the two grinding wheels 11 working substantially simultaneously; in this case, the two grinding wheels 11 are generally of equal quality.
  • the progressive sinking of the grinding wheels 11 can be precisely controlled by the displacement of the cross-member 3 along the columns 2. It is also possible to allow the sinking to occur freely as the removal of the material constituting the article by the abrasive wheel; in this case, it is the force of application of the grinding wheel on the article which is controlled by means of the fluid pressure applied to the underside of the piston 37, the stop 30 coming into contact with the underside 42 of the structural part 19 to limit the insertion of the grinding wheel into the article.
  • the driving-in distance of the abrasive wheel 11 during flattering being generally different from the distance between the upper face 44 of the abrasive part 43 of the cutting disc 10 and the upper face 46 of the abrasive part 45 of the flattering wheel 11, the setting of the stop 30 must, according to this way of working, be modified twice during each cycle of cutting-fletting combined.
  • the distance between the bearing surface 30 and the underside 42 of the workpiece structure 19, the piston 37 being in the low position can be kept equal to the driving-in distance of the grinding wheel 11 in the article 47 during the flattering operation, a complementary and sufficient movement of the cross-member 3 along the columns 2 between the cutting and flattering operations allowing the grinding wheel 11 under the article 47 to be brought into the flattering position without risk of interference.
  • a machine performing the combined cutting-planking operation as well as an additional finishing operation is advantageously made up of the combination of two combined cutting-planking devices represented in FIG. 5 by the references 1,2,3,4,6 , 7,8 and 9 placed face to face and each constituting a main work station operating simultaneously according to cycles shifted in time and whose loading is carried out alternately and automatically by two arms 49 themselves supplied manually or automatically from 'same loading station 50.
  • the loading arms include a telescopic extension device so that the article 47 which has just been unloaded from one of the cutting-fletting devices can be presented at a work station 51 where an auxiliary finishing operation is carried out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

The method employing abrasive tools for the combined cutting and trimming of glass or crystal articles is carried out while the article (47) is maintained substantially vertical and while the moil (48) constitutes the bottom part of the glass or crystal mass constituting the article (47) to be machined. During cutting, two abrasive discs (10) substantially simultaneously penetrate the article (47) which is to be cut, at substantially opposite locations and in accordance with a substantially opposing directions of approach. Mounted on the same arbor (13) are a cutting disc (10) and a finishing grinder (11) so that the cutting and finishing or trimming operations are performed at the same work station. Mechanisms comprising the elements (37, 39, 40, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 35, 36) permit of rapid and easily modulable adaptation of the apparatus between the cutting and finishing operations. A finishing or trimming operation is performed by using the upper surface (44) of the abrasive part (43) of the cutting disc (10). The trimming or finishing operation may be carried out by controlled application of the grinder (11) to the article (47) or by controlled displacement of the grinder (11) in relation to the article (47).

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de tronçonnage-flettage combinés à l'aide d'outils abrasifs d'articles de verrerie ou de cristallerie et un dispositif mettant en oeuvre le procédé.The invention relates to a combined cutting-fletting process using abrasive tools for glassware or crystalware and a device implementing the process.

Le tronçonnage à l'aide d'outils abrasifs d'articles de verrerie ou de cristallerie a généralement pour but de détacher de l'article proprement dit la masse de verre ou de cristal , ci-après appelée calotte, qui a servi à tenir l'article lors de sa phase de mise en forme par déformation plastique à chaud.Cutting with the aid of abrasive tools of glassware or crystalware generally aims to detach from the article itself the mass of glass or crystal, hereinafter called cap, which served to hold the article during its shaping phase by hot plastic deformation.

Le flettage à l'aide d'outils abrasifs d'articles de verrerie ou de cristallerie est l'opération qui suit celle de tronçonnage. Elle a généralement pour but de parachever le bord d'article engendré par l'opération de tronçonnage.The flettation with the aid of abrasive tools of glassware or crystalware is the operation which follows that of cutting. It generally aims to complete the article edge generated by the cutting operation.

Le tronçonnage à l'aide d'outils abrasifs d'articles de verrerie ou de cristallerie est classiquement réalisé à l'aide d'un disque abrasif dont l'axe de rotation est situé dans un plan sensiblement vertical. L'article étant positionné de telle sorte que le plan de coupe escompté se confond avec le plan de symétrie du disque abrasif, l'article est en général posé sur sa base sur un plan sensiblement horizontal, la partie supérieure de la masse de verre ou de cristal constituant l'article à tronçonner constituant la partie définie ci-avant comme étant la calotte, la partie inférieure de la masse de verre ou de cristal constituant l'article à tronçonner constituant l'article proprement dit.Cutting using glassware or crystalware articles using abrasive tools is conventionally carried out using an abrasive disc whose axis of rotation is situated in a substantially vertical plane. The article being positioned so that the expected cutting plane merges with the plane of symmetry of the abrasive disc, the article is generally placed on its base on a substantially horizontal plane, the upper part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut constituting the part defined above as being the cap, the lower part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut constituting the article proper.

Le tronçonnage à l'aide d'outils abrasifs d'articles de verrerie ou de cristallerie est également classiquement réalisé à l'aide d'un disque abrasif dont l'axe de rotation est situé dans un plan sensiblement horizontal. L'article étant positionné de telle sorte que le plan de coupe escompté se confonde avec le plan de symétrie du disque abrasif, l'article est en général tenu par un dispositif de telle sorte que sa base est située dans un plan sensiblement vertical.Cutting using glassware or crystalware articles using abrasive tools is also conventionally carried out using an abrasive disc whose axis of rotation is situated in a substantially horizontal plane. The article being positioned so that the expected cutting plane merges with the plane of symmetry of the abrasive disc, the article is generally held by a device so that its base is located in a substantially vertical plane.

Le tronçonnage à l'aide d'outils abrasifs d'articles de verrerie ou de cristallerie est également classiquement réalisé à l'aide de deux disques abrasifs travaillant sensiblement en même temps et pénétrant dans l'article à tronçonner suivant des déplacements identiques. Dans ce cas, l'axe de rotation des disques abrasifs est en général situé dans un plan sensiblement vertical; l'article est en général posé sur sa base sur un plan sensiblement horizontal, la partie supérieure de la masse de verre ou de cristal constituant l'article à tronçonner constituant la partie définie ci-avant comme étant la calotte, la partie inférieure de la masse de verre ou de cristal constituant l'article à tronçonner constituant l'article proprement dit.Cutting with the aid of abrasive tools of glassware or crystalware is also conventionally carried out using two abrasive discs working substantially at the same time and penetrating into the article to be cut following identical displacements. In this case, the axis of rotation of the abrasive discs is generally located in a substantially vertical plane; the article is generally placed on its base on a plane substantially horizontal, the upper part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the section to be cut constituting the part defined above as being the cap, the lower part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut constituting the article itself.

Quelle que soit la configuration géométrique choisie, la séquence des opérations est identique. En premier lieu, le ou les disques tournant à grande vitesse s'approchent lentement de l'article immobile et pénètrent dans cet article d'une profondeur adéquate, c'est-à-dire si l'article est plein suffisamment près du centre ou si l'article est creux suffisamment pour que la jante du disque abrasif débouche dans le creux central; la pénétration est alors considérée comme complète. En second lieu, l'article est mis en rotation lente de telle sorte qu'au fur et à mesure de cette rotation, le disque abrasif découpe une saignée dans la masse de verre ou de cristal qui aboutit finalement au détachement de la calotte de la partie utile de l'article. La rotation lente de l'article peut déjà avoir commencé alors que le disque abrasif est toujours en train de pénétrer dans l'article.Whatever the geometrical configuration chosen, the sequence of operations is identical. First, the disc (s) rotating at high speed slowly approach the stationary article and penetrate into this article of an adequate depth, i.e. if the article is full sufficiently close to the center or if the article is hollow enough for the rim of the abrasive disc to open into the central hollow; penetration is then considered complete. Secondly, the article is slowly rotated so that as this rotation occurs, the abrasive disc cuts a groove in the mass of glass or crystal which ultimately results in the detachment of the cap from the useful part of the article. Slow rotation of the article may already have started while the abrasive disc is still penetrating the article.

Dans le cas où un seul disque est utilisé, la trajectoire du disque lors de la pénétration dans l'article peut être sensiblement radiale, ce qui correspond pour un article donné au déplacement le plus faible du disque abrasif; par contre, un seul disque effectuant le tronçonnage, l'article devra effectuer une rotation d'environ 360° pour être complètement tronçonné.In the case where only one disc is used, the trajectory of the disc during penetration into the article can be substantially radial, which corresponds for a given article to the most displacement weak abrasive disc; on the other hand, a single disc performing the cutting, the article will have to rotate about 360 ° to be completely cut.

Suivant la méthode de tronçonnage classique à l'aide d'un disque abrasif dont l'axe de rotation est sensiblement vertical, la calotte en cours de découpe se trouve au-dessus du disque de tronçonnage, ce qui nécessite de maintenir manuellement ou par un dispositif quelconque cette calotte en place pendant et surtout vers la fin du tronçonnage. Dans le cas où le maintien n'est pas ou est mal effectué, le poids de la calotte s'applique sur la section de verre ou de cristal reliant encore la calotte à la partie utile de l'article en cours de tronçonnage, sollicitant cette section suivant un effort de flexion. Cette sollicitation peut provoquer le détachement brutal et prématuré de la calotte par rupture fragile de la section de verre ou de cristal la reliant encore à la partie utile de l'article. Cette rupture peut induire une ébréchure importante ou plus généralement une détérioration mécanique du bord ou du fond d' article généré par le disque de tronçonnage; la calotte qui vient de se détacher de la partie utile de l'article peut provoquer une détérioration des disques de tronçonnage et/ou être projetée par ceux-ci de manière incontrôlée et dangereuse pour l'opérateur. Suivant cette méthode également, le mélange constitué par le liquide de coupe chargé de poussière de verre ou de cristal ruisselle sur la partie utile de l'article. De plus, dans le cas où l'article est creux et étanche dans sa partie inférieure, le liquide de coupe chargé s'accumule dans le creux jusqu'à éventuellement l'emplir complètement et on doit , soit vider l'article avant de l'enlever de la machine , soit l'enlever de la machine empli de liquide de coupe. Quelle que soit la forme de l'article, on doit nettoyer soigneusement sa surface de la poussière de verre qui y reste accolée. Cette opération de nettoyage prend en général beaucoup de temps; elle est fastidieuse à réaliser manuellement; son automatisation n'est pas simple vu les formes variées des articles.According to the conventional cutting method using an abrasive disc whose axis of rotation is substantially vertical, the cap being cut is located above the cutting disc, which requires to be maintained manually or by a any device this cap in place during and especially towards the end of cutting. In the case where the maintenance is not or is poorly performed, the weight of the cap is applied to the section of glass or crystal still connecting the cap to the useful part of the article being cut, requesting this section following a bending force. This stress can cause the abrupt and premature detachment of the cap by fragile rupture of the glass or crystal section still connecting it to the useful part of the article. This rupture can induce a significant chipping or more generally a mechanical deterioration of the edge or the bottom of the article generated by the cutting disc; the cap which has just detached from the useful part of the article can cause deterioration of the cutting discs and / or be thrown by them in an uncontrolled manner and dangerous for the operator. According to this method also, the mixture constituted by the cutting liquid charged with glass or crystal dust trickles onto the useful part of the article. In addition, in the case where the article is hollow and leaktight in its lower part, the loaded cutting liquid accumulates in the hollow until possibly filling it completely and the article must either be emptied before 'remove from the machine, i.e. remove it from the machine filled with cutting fluid. Whatever the shape of the article, its surface must be thoroughly cleaned of glass dust which remains attached to it. This cleaning operation generally takes a long time; it is tedious to carry out manually; its automation is not simple considering the various forms of the articles.

Suivant la méthode de tronçonnage classique à l'aide d'un disque abrasif dont l'axe de rotation est sensiblement horizontal, le poids de la calotte non maintenue ou maintenue de manière inadéquate s'applique en cours de découpe sur la section de verre ou de cristal reliant encore la calotte à la partie utile de l'article, la sollicitant suivant un effort composé de flexion et de cisaillement. Cette sollicitation peut provoquer, comme dans le cas précédent, le détachement brutal et prématuré de la calotte par rupture fragile de la section de verre ou de cristal la reliant encore à la partie utile de l'article. Cette rupture peut induire, comme dans le cas précédent, une ébréchure importante ou plus généralement une détérioration mécanique du bord ou du fond d'article généré par le disque de tronçonnage; la calotte qui vient de se détacher de la partie utile de l'article peut également provoquer une détérioration des disques de tronçonnage.According to the conventional sectioning method using an abrasive disc whose axis of rotation is substantially horizontal, the weight of the cap which is not maintained or inadequately maintained is applied during cutting on the glass section or crystal still connecting the cap to the useful part of the article, urging it according to a force composed of bending and shearing. This stress can cause, as in the previous case, the brutal and premature detachment of the cap by fragile rupture of the section of glass or crystal still connecting it to the useful part of the article. This rupture can induce, as in the previous case, a chipping significant or more generally mechanical deterioration of the edge or bottom of the article generated by the cutting disc; the cap which has just detached from the useful part of the article can also cause deterioration of the cutting discs.

Dans le cas où deux disques sont utilisés, chaque disque pénétrant suivant des déplacements identiques, leur trajectoire lors de la pénétration ne peut être que sensiblement tangentielle, ce qui augmente dans la plupart des cas sensiblement le déplacement à réaliser pour que la pénétration soit complète. Une fois la pénétration terminée, du fait de la pénétration des deux disques suivant des déplacements identiques, les deux sections de verre ou de cristal reliant la calotte à la partie utile de l'article et situées de part et d'autre des saignées provoquées par les deux disques abrasifs lors de leur pénétration dans l'article ne sont pas identiques: celle située dans la direction de la position origine des disques de tronçonnage avant pénétration étant en général plus petite que celle située dans la direction opposée: on devra donc procéder à une phase d'égalisation avant d'effectuer le tronçonnage proprement dit: pour cela, l'article est mis en rotation dans le sens opposé à celui utilisé pour le tronçonnage jusqu'à ce que un des deux disques ait par la saignée qu'il engendre lors de la rotation fait disparaître un des deux bords de saignée rectilignes engendrés lors de la pénétration des deux disques de tronçonnage. Une fois cette opération réalisée, le tronçonnage proprement dit pourra s'effectuer assez rapidement du fait de la présence de deux disques travaillant simultanément. Dans ce cas, la calotte qui vient de se détacher de la partie utile de l'article repose sur les deux disques de tronçonnage; elle peut provoquer une détérioration des disques de tronçonnage et/ou être projetée par ceux-ci de manière incontrôlée et dangereuse pour l'opérateur.In the case where two discs are used, each disc penetrating following identical displacements, their trajectory during penetration can only be substantially tangential, which in most cases substantially increases the displacement to be carried out for penetration to be complete. Once the penetration is complete, due to the penetration of the two discs following identical displacements, the two sections of glass or crystal connecting the cap to the useful part of the article and located on either side of the grooves caused by the two abrasive discs during their penetration into the article are not identical: that located in the direction of the original position of the cutting discs before penetration is generally smaller than that located in the opposite direction: we must therefore proceed to an equalization phase before performing the actual cutting: for this, the article is rotated in the opposite direction to that used for the cutting until one of the two discs has by the groove it generates during rotation makes one of the two bleed edges disappear straight lines generated during the penetration of the two cutting discs. Once this operation has been carried out, the actual cutting can be carried out fairly quickly due to the presence of two discs working simultaneously. In this case, the cap which has just detached from the useful part of the article rests on the two cutting discs; it can cause damage to the cutting discs and / or be thrown by them in an uncontrolled and dangerous way for the operator.

Le flettage de bord ou de fond d'articles de verrerie ou de cristallerie est classiquement réalisé à l'aide d'une meule boisseau abrasive dont l'axe de rotation est perpendiculaire ou sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan du bord ou du fond de l'article généré par tronçonnage. L'article étant en rotation lente, la meule est appliquée sur le fond ou sur le bord de l'article avec un effort contrôlé; dans le cas où la meule doit usiner un fond complet, sa jante abrasive passera nécessairement par le centre de rotation de l'article; dans le cas où une paroi plus ou moins épaisse d'un article creux est à usiner, la meule sera positionnée de manière à ce que sa jante soit séquente à cette paroi en deux endroits bien distincts et si possible en deux endroits sensiblement opposés. L'usinage du verre ou du cristal par la meule boisseau se poursuit à effort constant jusqu'à ce que, la meule s'enfonçant dans la matière, elle vient s'appuyer sur une butée mécanique réglée pour enlever une épaisseur de matière optimale.Edge or bottom flattering of glassware or crystalware items is conventionally carried out using an abrasive cup wheel whose axis of rotation is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane of the edge or bottom of the item generated by cutting. The article being in slow rotation, the grinding wheel is applied on the bottom or on the edge of the article with a controlled effort; in the case where the grinding wheel has to machine a complete base, its abrasive rim will necessarily pass through the center of rotation of the article; in the case where a more or less thick wall of a hollow article is to be machined, the grinding wheel will be positioned so that its rim is sequent to this wall in two very distinct locations and if possible in two substantially opposite locations. The machining of glass or crystal by the cup wheel continues at constant effort until the wheel sinking into the material, it comes to rest on a set mechanical stop to remove an optimal thickness of material.

Généralement, les opérations de tronçonnage et de flettage sont effectuées sur des postes de travail ou sur des machines différentes.Generally, the cutting and flailing operations are carried out on workstations or on different machines.

On connaît une machine utilisant un dispositif de tronçonnage répondant au préambule de la revendication 1 en ce qui concerne la seule opération de tronçonnage qui est la machine de type DIAVER construite par la société DIAMANT BOART s.a. Avenue du Pont de Luttre 74 B-1190 Forest. Cette machine effectue la seule opération de tronçonnage à l'aide de deux disques à axe de rotation sensiblement verticaux pénétrant dans l'article à tronçonner suivant des trajectoires identiques; l'article est posé sur sa base sur une table sensiblement horizontale, la partie dénommée ci-­avant la calotte constituant la partie supérieure de la masse de verre ou de cristal constituant l'article à tronçonner.There is a known machine using a cutting device corresponding to the preamble of claim 1 with regard to the only cutting operation which is the DIAVER type machine built by the company DIAMANT BOART s.a. Avenue du Pont de Luttre 74 B-1190 Forest. This machine performs the only cutting operation using two discs with a substantially vertical axis of rotation penetrating into the article to be cut along identical paths; the article is placed on its base on a substantially horizontal table, the part referred to above as the cap constituting the upper part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut.

On connaît également une machine utilisant des dispositifs de tronçonnage et de flettage correspondant au préambule de la revendication 1, ainsi que des dispositifs réalisant d'autres opérations annexes de finition, qui est la machine type 505 construite par la société W.LINDNER MASHINEN Gmbh, Altenstein 12, D-­8352 Grafenau. Dans le cas de la machine LINDNER type 505, les opérations de tronçonnage, de flettage et les autres opérations annexes de finition sont effectuées consécutivement sur des postes travail distincts, chaque opération étant effectuée sur un seul poste. L'indexage se fait par rotation de la table de travail circulaire sensiblement horizontale sur laquelle sont aménagés, à distances angulaires égales plusieurs postes de chargement. L'article, chargé sur sa base, est sensiblement vertical, la partie dénommée ci-avant la calotte constituant la partie supérieure de la masse de verre ou de cristal constituant l'article à tronçonner; les axes du disque de tronçonnage et des meules sont également sensiblement verticaux. Les différentes opérations se déroulant sur des postes successifs, seul le poste sur lequel se déroule l'opération demandant le plus de temps est utilisé en permanence.There is also known a machine using cutting and flailing devices corresponding to the preamble of claim 1, as well as devices performing other ancillary finishing operations, which is the machine type 505 constructed by W.LINDNER MASHINEN Gmbh, Altenstein 12, D-8352 Grafenau. In the case of the LINDNER type 505 machine, the cutting-off, flattering and other ancillary finishing operations are carried out consecutively on separate work stations, each operation being carried out on a single station. Indexing is done by rotation of the substantially horizontal circular work table on which are arranged, at equal angular distances, several loading stations. The article, loaded on its base, is substantially vertical, the part referred to above as the cap constituting the upper part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut; the axes of the cutting disc and of the grinding wheels are also substantially vertical. The various operations taking place on successive stations, only the station on which the operation requiring the most time takes place is used permanently.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients. L'invention telle qu'elle est caractérisée dans les revendications consiste en un procédé de tronçonnage-flettage combinés à l'aide d'outils abrasifs d'articles de verrerie ou de cristallerie et un dispositif mettant en oeuvre ce procéde, caractérisé en ce que l'article est maintenu par un dispositif de telle sorte que son axe est sensiblement vertical, la partie inférieure de la masse de verre ou de cristal constituant l'article à tronçonner constituant ce qui a été défini ci-avant comme étant la calotte et la partie supérieure de la masse de verre ou de cristal constituant l'article à tronçonner constituant l'article proprement dit, en ce que deux disques abrasifs dont les axes sont sensiblement verticaux pénètrent dans l'article à tronçonner en des endroits et suivant des directions d'approche sensiblement opposées, , en ce que chacune des deux broches porte-outil sur lesquelles est monté un disque de tronçonnage porte également une meule de flettage de telle sorte que les deux opérations effectuées par ces deux outils successivement peuvent se dérouler sur le même poste de travail, en ce que une opération de flettage est effectuée aprés le tronçonnage par une face latérale de la partie abrasive du disque à tronçonner, en ce que l'opération de flettage se fait à effort d'application de l'outil sur l'article imposé ou à déplacement de l'outil par rapport à l'article imposé .The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks. The invention as characterized in the claims consists of a cutting-fletting process combined using abrasive tools for glassware or crystalware and a device implementing this process, characterized in that the article is held by a device so that its axis is substantially vertical, the lower part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be cut constituting what has been defined above as being the cap and the upper part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to cutting constituting the article proper, in that two abrasive discs whose axes are substantially vertical penetrate into the article to be cut in places and in substantially opposite directions of approach, in that each of the two pins tool on which a cutting disc is mounted also carries a grinding wheel so that the two operations carried out by these two tools successively can take place on the same workstation, in that a flattering operation is carried out after cutting by a lateral face of the abrasive part of the cutting disc, in that the flattering operation is carried out when the tool is applied to the article i tool or displacement of the tool in relation to the imposed article.

Les avantages obtenus grâce à cette invention consistent essentiellement en ceci que la calotte est située en-dessous du disque de tronçonnage et que son poids sollicite les deux sections équivalentes de verre ou de cristal reliant encore en cours de tronçonnage la calotte à la partie utile de l'article uniquement en traction; il s'ensuit que cette calotte se détache de manière équilibrée de la partie utile de l'article et tombe par gravité sans risque d'endommager ni le bord de l'article généré par le tronçonnage ni le disque abrasif.Le liquide de coupe chargé de poussière de verre ou de cristal ne ruisselle pas sur l'article proprement dit. Chacun des deux axes porte-outils portant à la fois un disque de tronçonnage et une meule de flettage et/ou une opération de flettage étant réalisée par une des surfaces latérales de la partie abrasive du disque à tronçonner, les opérations de tronçonnage et de flettage peuvent être éxécutées sur le même poste de travail, ce qui maximalise le taux d'occupation de ce poste.The advantages obtained thanks to this invention consist essentially in that the cap is located below the cutting disc and that its weight urges the two equivalent sections of glass or crystal still connecting during cutting the cap to the useful part of article only in traction; it follows that this cap detaches in a balanced manner from the useful part of the article and falls by gravity without risk of damaging either the edge of the article generated by cutting or the abrasive disc. glass or crystal dust does not drip onto the article itself. Each of the two tool-carrying axes carrying both a cutting disc and a flattering wheel and / or a flattering operation being carried out by one of the lateral surfaces of the abrasive part of the cutting disc, the cutting and flattering operations can be run on the same workstation, which maximizes the occupancy rate of this workstation.

L'invention est exposée ci-après plus en détail à l'aide de dessins représentant seulement un mode d'exécution.

  • La figure 1 représente, en plan, un dispositif réalisant l'opération tronçonnage-flettage combinés suivant la présente invention.
  • La figure 2 représente, en élévation, un dispositif réalisant l'opération de tronçonnage-flettage combinés suivant la présente invention.
  • La figure 3 représente, suivant la vue A-A indiquée à la figure 1, une réalisation possible d'un porte-outil suivant la présente invention.
  • La figure 4 représente, suivant la vue B-B indiquée à la figure 2, une réalisation possible d'un porte-outil suivant la présente invention.
  • La figure 5 représente, en plan, une combinaison avantageuse de deux dispositifs de tronçonnage-flettage combinés, constituant une machine réalisant l'opération de tronçonnage-flettage combinés ainsi qu'une autre opération annexe de finition.
The invention is set out below in more detail with the aid of drawings representing only one embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 represents, in plan, a device carrying out the combined cutting-fletting operation according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents, in elevation, a device carrying out the operation of combined cutting-fletting according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows, according to the view AA shown in Figure 1, a possible embodiment of a tool holder according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows, in the view BB shown in Figure 2, a possible embodiment of a tool holder according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 represents, in plan, an advantageous combination of two combined cutting-planking devices, constituting a machine carrying out the combined cutting-planking operation as well as another additional finishing operation.

Les figures représentent un dispositif réalisant l'opération tronçonnage-flettage combinés suivant la présente invention, comprenant essentiellement un bâti constitué d'un socle 1 et de deux colonnes 2; les colonnes 2 sont reliées à leur partie supérieure par une traverse 3; sur la traverse 3 est fixée la tête porte-article 4 munie d'un dispositif de préhension 5 maintenant l'article à usiner 47 de telle sorte que la calotte 48 constitue la partie inférieure de l'article à usiner; la traverse 3 peut se déplacer le long des colonnes 2; la position de la traverse 3 par rapport aux colonnes 2 est fixée par un dispositif de positionnement 6. les deux colonnes 2 sont également reliées à leur partie inférieure par une traverse 7 en général fixe; la traverse 7 est équipée d'un dispositif de support et de positionnement 8 des unités porte-­outils 9. Chaque unité porte-outils 9 est équipée d'un disque de tronçonnage 10 et d'une meule de flettage 11. Le socle 1 porte un dispositif de collecte et d'évacuation des calottes 12.The figures show a device carrying out the combined cutting-planking operation according to the present invention, essentially comprising a frame consisting of a base 1 and two columns 2; columns 2 are connected at their upper part by a cross member 3; on the crosspiece 3 is fixed the article holder head 4 provided with a gripping device 5 holding the article to be machined 47 so that the cap 48 constitutes the lower part of the article to be machined; the cross member 3 can move along the columns 2; the position of the cross member 3 relative to the columns 2 is fixed by a positioning device 6. the two columns 2 are also connected to their lower part by a cross member 7 in general fixed; the cross-member 7 is equipped with a support and positioning device 8 for the tool-holder units 9. Each tool-holder unit 9 is equipped with a cutting disc 10 and a flattering wheel 11. The base 1 carries a device for collecting and removing the caps 12.

Une unité porte-outils 9 comprend essentiellement une broche porte-outils 13 dont la mise en rotation est assurée par un moteur 14 par l'intermédiaire de poulies 15 et 16 et d'une courroie 17; la broche 13 et le moteur 14 sont fixés sur une pièce de structure 18; la pièce de structure 18 est reliée à une autre pièce de structure 19 par l'intermédiaire de colonnes 20 et possède vis-à-vis de cette pièce de structure 19 un degré de liberté de déplacement suivant ces colonnes 20. la pièce de structure 19 est fixée au dispositif de support et de positionnement 8.A tool holder unit 9 essentially comprises a tool holder spindle 13 whose rotation is ensured by a motor 14 by means of pulleys 15 and 16 and a belt 17; the spindle 13 and the motor 14 are fixed to a structural part 18; the structural part 18 is connected to another structural part 19 by means of columns 20 and has, with respect to this structural part 19, a degree of freedom of movement along these columns 20. the structural part 19 is fixed to the support and positioning device 8.

Les positions relatives extrêmes de la pièce de structure 18 vis-à-vis de la pièce de structure 19 sont déterminées par un système double de butées réglables : une pièce 21 comprenant une surface d'appui 22 est reliée à la pièce de structure 18 par l'intermédiaire d'un filet 23; la mise en rotation de cette pièce 21 par rapport à la pièce de structure 18 engendre un déplacement de la pièce 21 par rapport à la pièce de structure 18 suivant l'axe 24; cette rotation est imprimée et contrôlée par un micromoteur 25 par l'intermédiaire de poulies 26 et 27 et d'une courroie 28; de même, une pièce 29 comprenant une surface d'appui 30 est reliée à la pièce de structure 18 par l'intermédiaire d'un filet 31; la mise en rotation de cette pièce 29 par rapport à la pièce de structure 18 engendre un déplacement de la pièce 29 par rapport à la pièce de structure 18 suivant l'axe 32; cette rotation est imprimée et contrôlée par un micromoteur 33 par l'intermédiaire de poulies 34 et 35 et d'une courroie 36. En général, les micromoteurs 25 et 33 sont asservis à une unité logique ou informatique.The extreme relative positions of the structural part 18 with respect to the structural part 19 are determined by a double system of adjustable stops: a part 21 comprising a bearing surface 22 is connected to the structural part 18 by through a net 23; the rotation of this part 21 relative to the structural part 18 generates a displacement of the part 21 relative to the structural part 18 along the axis 24; this rotation is printed and controlled by a micromotor 25 via pulleys 26 and 27 and a belt 28; similarly, a part 29 comprising a bearing surface 30 is connected to the structural part 18 by means of a thread 31; the rotation of this part 29 relative to the structural part 18 generates a displacement of the part 29 relative to the structural part 18 along the axis 32; this rotation is printed and controlled by a micromotor 33 via pulleys 34 and 35 and a belt 36. In general, the micromotors 25 and 33 are controlled by a logic or computer unit.

Un piston 37 coulisse dans un logement 38 aménagé dans la pièce de structure 19; sa course maximale est déterminée par la position de la face inférieure de la pièce d'arrêt 39. Livré à lui-même, le piston 37 se trouve en position basse; il est poussé en position haute par un fluide sous pression amené par l'intermédiaire de la canalisation 40 au niveau de la face inférieure du piston 37.A piston 37 slides in a housing 38 arranged in the structural part 19; its maximum stroke is determined by the position of the underside of the stop piece 39. Left to itself, the piston 37 is in the low position; it is pushed into the high position by a pressurized fluid supplied via the pipe 40 at the level of the underside of the piston 37.

Suivant cette configuration, la surface 22 de la pièce 21 est toujours en contact avec la face supérieure 41 du piston 37; le piston 37 se trouvant en position basse si la canalisation 40 n'est pas alimentée par le fluide sous pression ou en position haute si la canalisation 40 est alimentée par le fluide sous pression. La course fonctionnelle du piston, dont la course maximale est déterminée par la hauteur de la chambre cylindrique restée libre dans le logement 38, est déterminée par la distance existant, le piston étant en position basse, entre la surface d'appui 30 de la pièce 29 et la face inférieure 42 de la pièce de structure 19. Cette distance pouvant varier par le déplacement suivant l'axe 32 de la pièce 29 engendré et contrôlé par la rotation du micromoteur 33, la course fonctionnelle du piston 37 est donc réglable. De même, le déplacement de la pièce 21 par rapport à la pièce de structure 18 étant engendré et contrôlé par la rotation du micromoteur 25, la position, le piston 37 étant en position basse, de la pièce de structure 18 par rapport à la pièce de structure 19, c'est-à-dire en fait la position du plan de symétrie du disque de tronçonnage 10 par rapport au dispositif de support et de positionnement 8, est également réglable.According to this configuration, the surface 22 of the part 21 is always in contact with the upper face 41 of the piston 37; the piston 37 being in the low position if the line 40 is not supplied by the pressurized fluid or in the high position if the line 40 is supplied by the fluid under pressure. The functional stroke of the piston, the maximum stroke of which is determined by the height of the cylindrical chamber which remains free in the housing 38, is determined by the existing distance, the piston being in the low position, between the bearing surface 30 of the part 29 and the underside 42 of the structural part 19. This distance can vary by the displacement along the axis 32 of the part 29 generated and controlled by the rotation of the micromotor 33, the functional stroke of the piston 37 is therefore adjustable. Likewise, the movement of the part 21 relative to the structural part 18 being generated and controlled by the rotation of the micromotor 25, the position, the piston 37 being in the low position, of the structural part 18 relative to the part structure 19, that is to say in fact the position of the plane of symmetry of the cutting disc 10 relative to the support and positioning device 8, is also adjustable.

En général, la tête porte-article 4 est conçue de telle manière que l'étau de serrage 5 portant l'article 47 peut être mis en rotation contrôlée en terme de position angulaire, de vitesse de rotation et d'accélération angulaire par l'intermédiaire d'une unité logique ou informatique. Le dispositif de positionnement 6 contrôlant le déplacement de la traverse supérieure 3 le long des colonnes 2 est en général asservi à une unité logique ou informatique. De même, les déplacements des deux unités porte-outils 9 le long du dispositif de support et de positionnement 8 sont en général indépendants l'un de l'autre et asservis à une unité logique ou informatique de telle sorte que ces déplacements peuvent être synchronisés avec la rotation de l'étau de serrage 5 portant l'article 47 et le déplacement de la traverse 3 de manière à usiner dans les meilleures conditions des articles de formes complexes ou irrégulières. La vitesse de rotation des outils 10 et 11 est également réglable.In general, the article carrying head 4 is designed in such a way that the clamping vice 5 carrying the article 47 can be rotated controlled in terms of angular position, rotational speed and angular acceleration by the through a logical or computer unit. The positioning device 6 controlling the movement of the upper cross member 3 along the columns 2 is generally controlled by a logic or computer unit. Of similarly, the movements of the two tool-holding units 9 along the support and positioning device 8 are generally independent of one another and controlled by a logic or computer unit so that these movements can be synchronized with the rotation of the clamping vice 5 carrying the article 47 and the displacement of the cross-member 3 so as to machine in the best conditions articles of complex or irregular shapes. The speed of rotation of tools 10 and 11 is also adjustable.

L'article 47 est chargé manuellement ou par un dispositif automatisé sur la tête porte-article 4, la calotte 48 constituant la partie inférieure de la masse de verre ou de cristal constituant l'article à usiner. Les outils 10 et 11 sont mis en rotation. L'opération de tronçonnage est réalisée en premier lieu par les deux disques abrasifs 10 travaillant sensiblement simultanément; à ce moment, le piston 37 est maintenu en position haute par le fluide sous pression amené par l'intermédiaire de la canalisation 40; au préalable, les deux disques 10 de tronçonnage ont été amenés dans le même plan sensiblement horizontal par le réglage des surfaces d'appui 30. Les deux disques 10 de tronçonnage pénètrent dans l'article à tronçonner en des endroits et suivant des directions d'approche sensiblement opposées sensiblement simultanément par des déplacements, parallèlement à eux-mêmes, dans leur plan commun sensiblement horizontal et perpendiculaire à l'axe 24, matérialisé par les déplacements des porte-­outils 9 le long du dispositif de support et de positionnement 8. A un moment précis de la pénétration ou une fois la pénétration terminée , l'article 47 est mis en rotation lente. Les saignées produites par les disques 10 au cours de la rotation de l'article 47 conduisent au détachement de la calotte 48 aprés une rotation inférieure ou égale à 180°.The article 47 is loaded manually or by an automated device on the article holder head 4, the cap 48 constituting the lower part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article to be machined. The tools 10 and 11 are rotated. The cutting operation is carried out firstly by the two abrasive discs 10 working substantially simultaneously; at this time, the piston 37 is held in the high position by the pressurized fluid supplied via the pipe 40; beforehand, the two cutting discs 10 were brought into the same substantially horizontal plane by the adjustment of the bearing surfaces 30. The two cutting discs 10 penetrate into the article to be cut in places and in directions of substantially opposite approach substantially simultaneously by displacements, parallel to themselves, in their substantially horizontal common plane and perpendicular to the axis 24, materialized by the displacements of the tool holders 9 along the support and positioning device 8. At a precise moment of penetration or once penetration is complete, article 47 is slowly rotated. The grooves produced by the discs 10 during the rotation of the article 47 lead to the detachment of the cap 48 after a rotation less than or equal to 180 °.

Une fois le tronçonnage terminé, la calotte 48 tombe par gravité dans le dispositif de collecte et d'évacuation des calottes 12. A ce moment peut s'effectuer facultativement une première opération de flettage avec comme outil de flettage la face supérieure 44 de la partie diamantée 43 du disque de tronçonnage 10. Les disques de tronçonnage 10 sont amenés dans une position favorable pour cette opération de flettage par un déplacement, parallèlement à eux-­mêmes, dans leur plan commun sensiblement horizontal et perpendiculaire à l'axe 24, matérialisé par les déplacements des porte-outils 9 le long du dispositif de support et de positionnement 8. Les positions relatives des deux disques de tronçonnage 10 par rapport à l'article 47 suivant l'axe 24 étant sensiblement identiques, un enfoncement identique de la face latérale supérieure 44 de ces deux disques 10 est déterminé par un déplacement équivalent de la traverse 3 suivant les colonnes 2, ce déplacement étant contrôlé précisément par le dispositif de positionnement 6.Once the cutting has been completed, the cap 48 falls by gravity into the device for collecting and removing the caps 12. At this time, a first flattering operation can optionally be carried out with the upper face 44 of the part as the flattering tool. diamond 43 of the cutting disc 10. The cutting discs 10 are brought into a favorable position for this flattering operation by a displacement, parallel to themselves, in their common plane substantially horizontal and perpendicular to the axis 24, materialized by the displacements of the tool holders 9 along the support and positioning device 8. The relative positions of the two cutting discs 10 relative to the article 47 along the axis 24 being substantially identical, an identical depression of the lateral face upper 44 of these two discs 10 is determined by an equivalent displacement of the cross-member 3 along the columns 2, this displacement being precisely controlled by the positioning device 6.

Une fois l'opération de flettage à l'aide de la face latérale 44 du disque de tronçonnage 10 terminée, une opération de flettage à l'aide de la meule de flettage 11 peut commencer. La canalisation 40 n'est plus alimentée et le piston 22 retombe en position basse: il s'ensuit que les outils abrasifs 10 et 11 se déplacent le long de l'axe des colonnes 20 sensiblement vertical d'une distance égale à la distance, le piston 37 étant en position basse, entre la surface d'appui 30 et la face inférieure 42 de la pièce de structure 19. Cette distance a été réglée au préalable et pour chaque unité porte-outils par la position de la surface d'appui 22, étant donné la position de la surface d'appui 30, à une valeur légèrement supérieure à la distance, projetée sur l'axe 24, entre la face supérieure 44 de la partie abrasive 43 du disque de tronçonnage 10 et la face supérieure 46 de la partie abrasive 45 de la meule de flettage 11 de manière à pouvoir amener sans risque d'interférence avec d'article 47 qui vient d'être tronçonné la meule de flettage 11 sous cet article, en position favorable pour l'opération de flettage. Les valeurs de cette distance ne seront en général pas exactement identiques pour les deux unités porte-­outils; elles peuvent être sensiblement différentes si les outils abrasifs, et en particulier les meules de flettage 11 sont de types différents ou à des stades d'usure différents. Dans le cas où la distance, projetée sur l'axe 24, entre la face supérieure 44 de la partie abrasive 43 du disque de tronçonnage 10 et la face supérieure 46 de la partie abrasive 45 de la meule de flettage 11 est sensiblement identique pour les deux unités porte-outils 9, le déplacement relatif de l'article 47 vis-à-vis des outils 10 et 11 entre les opérations de tronçonnage et de flettage peut être obtenu par le déplacement d'une distance équivalente de la traverse 3 le long des colonnes 2, dont les axes sont sensiblement parallèles à l'axe 24, contrôlé par le dispositif de positionnement 6.Once the operation of flattering using the side face 44 of the cutting disc 10 is completed, a operation of flattering using the grinding wheel 11 can begin. The pipe 40 is no longer supplied and the piston 22 falls back into the low position: it follows that the abrasive tools 10 and 11 move along the axis of the columns 20 substantially vertical by a distance equal to the distance, the piston 37 being in the low position, between the bearing surface 30 and the lower face 42 of the structural part 19. This distance has been adjusted beforehand and for each tool holder unit by the position of the bearing surface 22, given the position of the bearing surface 30, at a value slightly greater than the distance, projected on the axis 24, between the upper face 44 of the abrasive part 43 of the cutting disc 10 and the upper face 46 of the abrasive part 45 of the flatter wheel 11 so as to be able to bring without risk of interference with article 47 which has just been cut off the flatter wheel 11 under this article, in a position favorable for the flattering operation . The values of this distance will generally not be exactly the same for the two tool-holding units; they can be significantly different if the abrasive tools, and in particular the flattering wheels 11 are of different types or at different stages of wear. In the case where the distance, projected on the axis 24, between the upper face 44 of the abrasive part 43 of the cutting disc 10 and the upper face 46 of the abrasive part 45 of the flattering wheel 11 is substantially identical for the two tool-holder units 9, the relative movement of the article 47 with respect to tools 10 and 11 between the cutting-off and flattering operations can be obtained by moving an equivalent distance of the cross-member 3 along columns 2, the axes of which are substantially parallel to the axis 24, controlled by the positioning device 6.

Une fois la ou les meules amenées en position de flettage sous l'article 47, l'opération de flettage peut commencer; elle peut être effectuée par une seule des deux meules 11; dans ce cas, les deux meules 11 peuvent être de qualité égale et être utilisées alternativement; les deux meules 11 peuvent également être différentes et utilisées successivement sur le même article.L'opération de flettage peut également être effectuée par les deux meules 11 travaillant sensiblement simultanément; dans ce cas, les deux meules 11 sont généralement de qualité égale.Once the grinding wheel (s) is brought into the flattering position under article 47, the flattering operation can begin; it can be carried out by only one of the two grinding wheels 11; in this case, the two grinding wheels 11 can be of equal quality and be used alternately; the two grinding wheels 11 can also be different and used successively on the same article. The flattering operation can also be carried out by the two grinding wheels 11 working substantially simultaneously; in this case, the two grinding wheels 11 are generally of equal quality.

Lors de l'opération de flettage, l'enfoncement progressif des meules 11 peut être contrôlé précisément par le déplacement de la traverse 3 le long des colonnes 2. On peut également laisser l'enfoncement se produire librement au fur et à mesure de l'enlèvement de la matière constituant l'article par la meule abrasive; dans ce cas, c'est la force d'application de la meule sur l'article qui est contrôlée par l'intermédiaire de la pression de fluide appliquée sur la face inférieure du piston 37, la butée 30 arrivant en contact avec la face inférieure 42 de la pièce de structure 19 pour limiter l'enfoncement de la meule dans l'article. La distance d'enfoncement de la meule abrasive 11 lors du flettage étant en générale différente de la distance entre la face supérieure 44 de la partie abrasive 43 du disque de tronçonnage 10 et la face supérieure 46 de la partie abrasive 45 de la meule de flettage 11, le réglage de la butée 30 devra, suivant cette manière de travailler, être modifié deux fois lors de chaque cycle de tronçonnage-flettage combinés. Suivant cette manière de travailler et seulement dans le cas où la distance, projetée sur l'axe 24, entre la face supérieure 44 de la partie abrasive 43 du disque de tronçonnage 10 et la face supérieure 46 de la partie abrasive 45 de la meule de flettage 11 est sensiblement identique pour les deux unités porte-outils, la distance entre la surface d'appui 30 et la face inférieure 42 de la pièce de structure 19, le piston 37 étant en position basse, peut être maintenue égale à la distance d'enfoncement de la meule 11 dans l'article 47 lors de l'opération de flettage, un déplacement complémentaire et suffisant de la traverse 3 le long des colonnes 2 entre les opérations de tronçonnage et de flettage permettant d'amener sans risque d'interférence la meule 11 sous l'article 47 en position de flettage.During the flattering operation, the progressive sinking of the grinding wheels 11 can be precisely controlled by the displacement of the cross-member 3 along the columns 2. It is also possible to allow the sinking to occur freely as the removal of the material constituting the article by the abrasive wheel; in this case, it is the force of application of the grinding wheel on the article which is controlled by means of the fluid pressure applied to the underside of the piston 37, the stop 30 coming into contact with the underside 42 of the structural part 19 to limit the insertion of the grinding wheel into the article. The driving-in distance of the abrasive wheel 11 during flattering being generally different from the distance between the upper face 44 of the abrasive part 43 of the cutting disc 10 and the upper face 46 of the abrasive part 45 of the flattering wheel 11, the setting of the stop 30 must, according to this way of working, be modified twice during each cycle of cutting-fletting combined. According to this way of working and only in the case where the distance, projected on the axis 24, between the upper face 44 of the abrasive part 43 of the cutting disc 10 and the upper face 46 of the abrasive part 45 of the grinding wheel flettage 11 is substantially identical for the two tool-holder units, the distance between the bearing surface 30 and the underside 42 of the workpiece structure 19, the piston 37 being in the low position, can be kept equal to the driving-in distance of the grinding wheel 11 in the article 47 during the flattering operation, a complementary and sufficient movement of the cross-member 3 along the columns 2 between the cutting and flattering operations allowing the grinding wheel 11 under the article 47 to be brought into the flattering position without risk of interference.

Une machine réalisant l'opération de tronçonnage-­flettage combinés ainsi qu'une opération annexe de finition est avantageusement comstituée de la combinaison de deux dispositifs de tronçonnage-flettage combinés représentés à la figure 5 par les repères 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 et 9 placés face à face et constituant chacun un poste de travail principal opérant simultanément suivant des cycles décalés dans le temps et dont le chargement est effectué alternativement et automatiquement par deux bras 49 eux-mêmes alimentés manuellement ou automatiquement à partir d'un même poste de chargement 50. Les bras de chargement comportent un dispositif d'extension télescopique de telle sorte que l'article 47 qui vient d'être déchargé d'un des dispositifs de tronçonnage-flettage peut être présenté à un poste de travail 51 où est réalisée une opération annexe de finition.A machine performing the combined cutting-planking operation as well as an additional finishing operation is advantageously made up of the combination of two combined cutting-planking devices represented in FIG. 5 by the references 1,2,3,4,6 , 7,8 and 9 placed face to face and each constituting a main work station operating simultaneously according to cycles shifted in time and whose loading is carried out alternately and automatically by two arms 49 themselves supplied manually or automatically from 'same loading station 50. The loading arms include a telescopic extension device so that the article 47 which has just been unloaded from one of the cutting-fletting devices can be presented at a work station 51 where an auxiliary finishing operation is carried out.

Claims (4)

1. Procédé de tronçonnage-flettage combinés à l'aide d'outils abrasifs d'articles de verrerie ou de cristallerie et dispositif mettant en oeuvre le procédé, comprenant un bâti constitué d'un socle (1) et de deux colonnes (2) reliées par une traverse (3) pouvant se déplacer le long des colonnes (2) et portant la tête porte-article (4) munie d'un dispositif de préhension (5), également reliées par une traverse (7) en général fixe équipée d'un dispositif de support et de positionnement (8) des unités porte-outils (9), caractérisé en ce que l'article (47) est maintenu par l'étau de serrage (5) de telle sorte que son axe est sensiblement vertical, la calotte (48) constituant la partie inférieure de la masse de verre ou de cristal constituant l'article (47) à usiner, en ce que le tronçonnage est réalisé par deux disques abrasifs (10) dont les axes sont sensiblement verticaux et qui pénètrent sensiblement simultanément dans l'article (47) à tronçonner en des endroits et suivant des directions d'approche sensiblement opposées, en ce que le tronçonnage et le flettage sont réalisés sur le même poste de travail par des outils, disque de tronçonnage (10) et meule de flettage (11), montés sur la même broche (13), en ce qu'un mécanisme comprenant les éléments (37,39,40) permet de placer la broche porte-­outils (13) en position haute ou en position basse par rapport à l'article (47) et suivant l'axe (24), en ce que le réglage de la position suivant l'axe (24) de la broche porte-outil (13), en position basse, est réalisé par un mécanisme comprenant les éléments (21,25,26,27,28), en ce que le réglage de la distance suivant l'axe (24) parcourue par la broche porte-outil (13) passant de la position basse à la position haute est réalisé par un mécanisme comprenant les éléments (29,33,34,35,36).1. Method of cutting-fletting combined using abrasive tools of glassware or crystalware and device implementing the method, comprising a frame consisting of a base (1) and two columns (2) connected by a crosspiece (3) which can move along the columns (2) and carrying the article carrier head (4) provided with a gripping device (5), also connected by a crosspiece (7) generally fixed equipped of a support and positioning device (8) for the tool holder units (9), characterized in that the article (47) is held by the clamping vise (5) so that its axis is substantially vertical, the cap (48) constituting the lower part of the mass of glass or crystal constituting the article (47) to be machined, in that the cutting is carried out by two abrasive discs (10) whose axes are substantially vertical and which penetrate substantially simultaneously into the article (47) to be cut in places and in directions substantially opposite approach, in that the cutting and the flattering are carried out on the same work station by tools, cutting disc (10) and flattering wheel (11), mounted on the same spindle (13), what a mechanism including the elements (37, 39, 40) makes it possible to place the tool-holder spindle (13) in the high position or in the low position relative to the article (47) and along the axis (24), in that the adjustment of the position along the axis (24) of the tool-holder spindle (13), in the low position, is produced by a mechanism comprising the elements (21,25,26,27,28), in that the adjustment of the distance along the axis (24) traveled by the tool spindle (13) passing from the low position to the high position is achieved by a mechanism comprising the elements (29,33,34,35,36). 2. Procédé et dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que une opération de flettage est effectuée aprés le tronçonnage par la face supérieure (44) de la partie abrasive (43) du disque à tronçonner (10).2. Method and device according to claim 1, characterized in that a flattering operation is carried out after cutting by the upper face (44) of the abrasive part (43) of the cutting disc (10). 3. Procédé et dispositif suivant les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que une opération de flettage est effectuée par la meule de flettage (11) après le tronçonnage par le disque à tronçonner (10) et/ou le flettage par la face supérieure (44) de la partie abrasive (43) du disque à tronçonner (10).3. Method and device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a flattering operation is carried out by the flattering wheel (11) after cutting by the cutting disc (10) and / or flattering by the upper face (44) of the abrasive part (43) of the cutting disc (10). 4. Procédé et dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'opération de flettage peut se faire à effort d'application de la meule (11) imposé sur l'article (47) ou à déplacement de la meule (11) imposé par rapport à l'article (47).4. Method and device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flattering operation can be done with application force of the grinding wheel (11) imposed on the article (47) or displacement of the grinding wheel (11) imposed with respect to the article (47).
EP89870069A 1988-05-26 1989-05-23 Method for the combined cutting and dressing of glassware or crystal-glassware by means of abrasive tools, and device for carrying out the method Expired - Lifetime EP0344142B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT89870069T ATE77985T1 (en) 1988-05-26 1989-05-23 PROCESS FOR COMBINED CUTTING AND FINISHING OF GLASSWARE OR CRYSTALWARE USING ABRASIVE TOOLS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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BE8800583A BE1002045A4 (en) 1988-05-26 1988-05-26 COMBINED CUTTING-DIFFERENCE PROCESS USING ABRASIVE TOOLS OF GLASSWARE OR CRYSTALLERY AND DEVICE IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD.
BE8800583 1988-05-26

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EP0344142A1 true EP0344142A1 (en) 1989-11-29
EP0344142B1 EP0344142B1 (en) 1992-07-08

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EP (1) EP0344142B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2819150B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE77985T1 (en)
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DE (1) DE68902012T2 (en)

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DE68902012T2 (en) 1993-02-11
DE68902012D1 (en) 1992-08-13
US4982531A (en) 1991-01-08
EP0344142B1 (en) 1992-07-08
JP2819150B2 (en) 1998-10-30
ATE77985T1 (en) 1992-07-15
JPH0215967A (en) 1990-01-19

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