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EP0343112B1 - Brick - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0343112B1
EP0343112B1 EP89810352A EP89810352A EP0343112B1 EP 0343112 B1 EP0343112 B1 EP 0343112B1 EP 89810352 A EP89810352 A EP 89810352A EP 89810352 A EP89810352 A EP 89810352A EP 0343112 B1 EP0343112 B1 EP 0343112B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brick according
plate
tie
bar
bottom wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89810352A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0343112A1 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Winkler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Steiner Silidur AG
Original Assignee
Steiner Silidur AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steiner Silidur AG filed Critical Steiner Silidur AG
Priority to AT89810352T priority Critical patent/ATE65277T1/en
Publication of EP0343112A1 publication Critical patent/EP0343112A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0343112B1 publication Critical patent/EP0343112B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S52/00—Static structures, e.g. buildings
    • Y10S52/02—Masonry lattice or openwork

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a brick for the formation of greenable embankment walls in dry construction according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • DE-A-25 37 408 describes an embankment stone with which dry walls that can be planted with greenery can be formed.
  • Such an embankment stone consists of a front sign visible in the wall on a bottom wall and two side walls.
  • the upper end face is convex and the rest of the shield is a flat front face.
  • the curvature is pulled down over the side surface, the outer surfaces of the side walls being pulled back with this curvature.
  • On the underside of the bottom surface there are two grooves that run parallel to the side walls.
  • the inner surface of the bottom wall is continuous and forms a cross rib in the rear part.
  • 1, 2 and 3 consists of a shield 10 with a flat central section 11 and two lateral wing sections 12, 13 angled backwards.
  • An anchor rod 14 is integrally formed at a right angle to the rear of the flat central section 11.
  • Bottom walls 15, 16 are arranged on both sides between the shield 10 and the anchor rod. These bottom walls 15, 16 are concave Domed end faces 17, 18 are provided, which run from the outer edge 19 of the wing portions 12, 13 to the side surfaces of the anchor rod 14 clinging.
  • the anchor rod 14 has a through bore 20 parallel to the shield 10.
  • the same bores 21, 22 are located in the wing sections 12, 13.
  • the bores 21, 22 in the wing sections are elongated with the longitudinal axis approximately parallel to the flat central section 11 of the shield 10 and penetrate the bottom walls 15, 16.
  • the shield 10 is provided in its middle part 11 with an upper convexly curved end face 24 whose apex lies higher than the bottom surfaces 15. 16 than the upper end edges of the side wings 12, 13.
  • the earth filling can be made over the floor surface of an overlying brick.
  • the shield is 1.55 m wide and 0.515 m high, the length of the shield 10 and anchor rod 14 together is 1.57 m.
  • Such a stone has a considerable weight. 5 by the thickness of the shield 10 in each case, by approximately 11.5 cm, the foundation must be widened by support wedges 30 and extensions 40 in order to achieve this to be able to have the uppermost bricks on a load-bearing substructure.
  • the support wedges 30 and the extensions 40 have essentially the same cross section as the anchor rod 14, namely wedge-shaped with increasing width downwards and with a longitudinal groove 26, 31, 41 which is the same width as the crown 25 of the anchor rod 14.
  • Continuous vertical bores 20 in End region of the anchor rod 14, in the two end regions of the extension 40 and in the support wedge 30 allow mutual support by means of a reinforcement rod or the like during construction in order to prevent displacement during backfilling.
  • the bottom walls 15, 16 can have a continuous opening 23 in the vicinity of the shield 11 on both sides of the anchor rod 14. On the one hand, material and thus weight can be saved, and on the other hand, the soil above can be drained.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)

Abstract

A brick made of cement- or plastic-bound sand or gravel is provided for the formation of dry walls for high slopes or earth banks. This brick possesses a protective plate (10) with a front plane wall (11) which is adjoined by lateral wing parts (12, 13) angled off rearwards. An anchoring rod (14) is arranged at the centre of the protective plate (10). Base walls (15, 16) are situated between protective plate (10) and anchoring rod (14). These base walls (15, 16) have lateral concavely curved end faces (17, 18). Situated on the wing parts (12, 13) and at the free end of the anchoring rod (14) are bores (2) which serve for inserting reinforcing rods. The bricks can thus be arranged in connected courses and are mutually held together. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Mauerstein zur Bildung von begrünbaren Böschungsmauern in Trockenbauweise gemäss dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a brick for the formation of greenable embankment walls in dry construction according to the preamble of independent claim 1.

In der DE-A-25 37 408 ist ein Böschungsstein beschrieben, mit dem begrünbare Trockenmauern gebildet werden können. Ein solcher Böschungsstein besteht aus einem in der Mauer sichtbaren vorderen Schild auf einer Bodenwand und zwei Seitenwänden. Die obere Stirnfläche ist konvex gewölbt und im übrigen ist der Schild eine plane Frontfläche. Die Krümmung ist über die Seitenfläche hinuntergezogen, wobei die Aussenflächen der Seitenwände mit dieser Wölbung nach hinten gezogen sind. An der Unterseite der Bodenfläche sind zwei Nuten, die parallel zu den Seitenwänden verlaufen, vorhanden. Die Innenfläche der Bodenwand ist durchgehend und bildet in der hinteren Partie eine Querrippe.DE-A-25 37 408 describes an embankment stone with which dry walls that can be planted with greenery can be formed. Such an embankment stone consists of a front sign visible in the wall on a bottom wall and two side walls. The upper end face is convex and the rest of the shield is a flat front face. The curvature is pulled down over the side surface, the outer surfaces of the side walls being pulled back with this curvature. On the underside of the bottom surface there are two grooves that run parallel to the side walls. The inner surface of the bottom wall is continuous and forms a cross rib in the rear part.

Mit solchen Bausteinen können Mauern bis zu einigen Metern Höhe gebildet werden. Zum Einschütten von Schüttmaterial ist in der DE-C-841 464 ein Kunststein vorgeschlagen worden, der eine Platte, einen Arm der von jener senkrecht nach hinten reicht, und an dessen freiem Ende ein Fuss zur Verankerung im Schüttmaterial vorhanden ist. Für eine begrünbare Trockenmauer eignet sich ein solcher Kunststein nicht, da für die Stabilität das Gewicht des Schüttmaterials notwendig ist.With such building blocks, walls up to a few meters high can be built. For pouring in bulk material, an artificial stone has been proposed in DE-C-841 464, which has a plate, an arm that extends vertically from the back, and a free end for anchoring in the bulk material. Such a synthetic stone is not suitable for a dry wall that can be landscaped, since the weight of the bulk material is necessary for stability.

Während die bekannten Böschungssteine nach der DE-A-25 37 408 nur zur Verstärkung und Sicherung von Böschungen bis etwa 8 m Höhe einsetzbar sind und nicht für höhere Böschungen wie sie heute oft in tieferen Geländeeinschnitten der Fall sind, der Baukörper nach der DE-C-841 464 eignet sich dagegen für die Bildung von Erdwällen und somit könnte er auch für Böschungssicherungen für höhere Böschungen als 8 m verwendet werden.While the known embankment stones according to DE-A-25 37 408 can only be used to reinforce and secure embankments up to about 8 m in height and not for higher embankments as are often the case today in deeper cuts in the terrain, the structure according to DE-C On the other hand, -841 464 is suitable for the formation of earth walls and thus it could also be used for slope protection for slopes higher than 8 m.

Es ist somit eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Stein zu schaffen, mit dem auch höhere Böschungen und/ oder Erdwälle errichtet werden können und der für eine Begrünung der Böschung geeignet ist.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a stone with which higher embankments and / or earth walls can be erected and which is suitable for greening the embankment.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies durch die Merkmale im kennzeichnenden Teil des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs erreicht.According to the invention this is achieved by the features in the characterizing part of the independent claim.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden nachfolgend beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Grundriss eines Mauersteins nach der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
einen Seitenriss des Mauersteins nach Fig. 1 von hinten und von unten betrachtet,
Fig. 3
eine Rückenansicht des Mauersteins nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 4
eine Frontansicht einer Stützmauer aus Mauersteinen nach Fig. 1 mit Stütz- und Verlängerungselementen, und
Fig. 5
eine Schnittansicht nach der Schnittlinie V-V in Fig. 4.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described below. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
a floor plan of a brick according to the invention,
Fig. 2
2 shows a side elevation of the brick according to FIG. 1 viewed from behind and from below,
Fig. 3
2 shows a rear view of the brick according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 4
a front view of a retaining wall made of bricks according to FIG. 1 with support and extension elements, and
Fig. 5
3 shows a sectional view along the section line VV in FIG. 4.

Der Mauerstein gemäss Fig. 1, 2 und 3 besteht aus einem Schild 10 mit einer flachen mittleren Partie 11 und zwei seitlichen nach hinten abgewinkelten Flügelpartien 12, 13. Ein Ankerstab 14 ist rechtwinklig an die Rückseite der flachen mittleren Partie 11 einstückig angeformt. Bodenwände 15, 16 sind beidseits zwischen dem Schild 10 und dem Ankerstab angeordnet. Diese Bodenwände 15, 16 sind mit konkav gewölbten Stirnflächen 17, 18 versehen, die von der Aussenkante 19 der Flügelpartien 12, 13 ausgehend an die Seitenfächen des Ankerstabes 14 anschmiegend auslaufen.1, 2 and 3 consists of a shield 10 with a flat central section 11 and two lateral wing sections 12, 13 angled backwards. An anchor rod 14 is integrally formed at a right angle to the rear of the flat central section 11. Bottom walls 15, 16 are arranged on both sides between the shield 10 and the anchor rod. These bottom walls 15, 16 are concave Domed end faces 17, 18 are provided, which run from the outer edge 19 of the wing portions 12, 13 to the side surfaces of the anchor rod 14 clinging.

In seiner freien Endpartie weist der Ankerstab 14 eine durchgehende Bohrung 20 parallel zum Schild 10 auf. Gleiche Bohrungen 21, 22 befinden sich in den Flügelpartien 12, 13. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Bohrungen 21, 22 in den Flügelpartien länglich mit der Längsachse etwa parallel zur flachen mittleren Partie 11 des Schildes 10 ausgebildet und durchdringen die Bodenwände 15, 16.In its free end part, the anchor rod 14 has a through bore 20 parallel to the shield 10. The same bores 21, 22 are located in the wing sections 12, 13. In this exemplary embodiment, the bores 21, 22 in the wing sections are elongated with the longitudinal axis approximately parallel to the flat central section 11 of the shield 10 and penetrate the bottom walls 15, 16.

Der Schild 10 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 und 3 in seiner mittleren Partie 11 mit einer oberen konvex gewölbten Stirnfläche 24 versehen deren Scheitelpunkt höher über den Bodenflächen 15. 16 liegt als die oberen Stirnkanten der Seitenflügel 12, 13. Wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich ist, kann damit die Erdauffüllung bis über die Bodenfläche eines darüber liegenden Mauersteins gemacht werden.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3, the shield 10 is provided in its middle part 11 with an upper convexly curved end face 24 whose apex lies higher than the bottom surfaces 15. 16 than the upper end edges of the side wings 12, 13. As in FIG. 4 it can be seen that the earth filling can be made over the floor surface of an overlying brick.

Gemäss einer ersten Versuchs-Ausführungsform solcher Mauersteine ist der Schild 1,55 m breit und 0,515 m hoch, die Länge vom Schild 10 und Ankerstab 14 zusammen ist 1,57 m. Ein solcher Stein hat ein erhebliches Gewicht. Durch die Rückversetzung gemäss Fig. 5 um jeweils die Dicke des Schildes 10, um etwa 11,5 cm muss das Fundament durch Auflagekeile 30 und Verlängerungen 40 verbreitert werden, um damit erreichen zu können, dass die obersten Mauersteine auf einem tragenden Unterbau aufliegen.According to a first test embodiment of such bricks, the shield is 1.55 m wide and 0.515 m high, the length of the shield 10 and anchor rod 14 together is 1.57 m. Such a stone has a considerable weight. 5 by the thickness of the shield 10 in each case, by approximately 11.5 cm, the foundation must be widened by support wedges 30 and extensions 40 in order to achieve this to be able to have the uppermost bricks on a load-bearing substructure.

Die Auflagekeile 30 und die Verlängerungen 40 haben im wesentlichen denselben Querschnitt wie der Ankerstab 14, nämlich keilförmig mit nach unten zunehmender Breite und mit einer Längsnut 26, 31, 41 die gleich breit ist wie die Krone 25 des Ankerstabes 14. Durchgehende senkrechte Bohrungen 20 im Endbereich des Ankerstabes 14, in den beiden Endbereichen der Verlängerung 40 und im Auflagekeil 30 erlauben eine gegenseitige Halterung mittels eines Bewehrungsstabes oder dgl. während des Baus, um ein Verschieben beim Hinterfüllen zu verhindern.The support wedges 30 and the extensions 40 have essentially the same cross section as the anchor rod 14, namely wedge-shaped with increasing width downwards and with a longitudinal groove 26, 31, 41 which is the same width as the crown 25 of the anchor rod 14. Continuous vertical bores 20 in End region of the anchor rod 14, in the two end regions of the extension 40 and in the support wedge 30 allow mutual support by means of a reinforcement rod or the like during construction in order to prevent displacement during backfilling.

Wie eine solche Mauer mit diesen Mauersteinen aussieht, zeigen Fig. 4 und 5 in Ansicht und im Schnitt.4 and 5 show in view and in section how such a wall looks with these bricks.

Durch die Formgebung des Schildes kann eine horizontale lange gerade Linie, die bei grösseren Bauwerken störend wirken kann, vermieden werden. Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Vermeidung von solchen ausgeprägten geraden Linien wären Schattenfugen im Schild, so dass ein Bild entsteht, das eine Naturstein-Mauer imitiert.Due to the shape of the sign, a horizontal long straight line that can be disruptive in larger buildings can be avoided. Another possibility to avoid such pronounced straight lines would be shadow gaps in the shield, so that an image is created that imitates a natural stone wall.

Die Bodenwände 15, 16 können in der Nähe des Schildes 11 beidseits des Ankerstabes 14 eine durchgehende Oeffnung 23, aufweisen. Einerseits kann damit Material und damit Gewicht gespart werden und anderseits kann das darüber liegende Erdreich entwässert werden.The bottom walls 15, 16 can have a continuous opening 23 in the vicinity of the shield 11 on both sides of the anchor rod 14. On the one hand, material and thus weight can be saved, and on the other hand, the soil above can be drained.

Claims (13)

1. Brick consisting of cement- or plastic-bonded sand and/or gravel for the formation of a retaining wall which can be planted, of dry construction, with a front plate (10, 11) and a straight tie-bar (14) located centrally on the plate (10, 11), in one piece therewith and projecting rearwards perpendicularly to the latter with means (20, 26) provided on its free end for its anchorage in the embankment material, characterised in that on both sides of the plate (10, 11), a wing part (12, 13) is respectively connected in one piece to the plate (10, 11), which respectively has a shorter height than the plate (10, 11) and that adjoining the plate (10, 11) is a bottom wall (15, 16), which extends over part of the length of the tie-bar (14).
2. Brick according to Patent Claim 1, characterised in that the plate (10, 11) has an upper end face (24) of convex curvature.
3. Brick according to Patent Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the outer boundary parts of the wing part (12, 13) comprise a through hole (21, 22) perpendicular to the bottom wall (15, 16).
4. Brick according to Patent Claim 3, characterised in that the bottom wall (15, 16) is narrower as the distance from the plate (10, 11) increases.
5. Brick according to Patent Claim 4, characterised in that the bottom wall (15, 16) tapers according to a convex line.
6. Brick according to one of Patent Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that in the vicinity of the plate (10, 11), the bottom wall (15, 16) has a through hole (23, 24) on both sides of the tie-bar (14).
7. Brick according to one of Patent Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in part of its free end, the tie-bar (14) has a through hole (20) perpendicular to the plane of the bottom wall.
8. Brick according to one of Patent Claims 1 to 7, characterised by an extension piece (40) and by a support wedge (30) for supporting the tie-bar (14) when the bricks are arranged in layers.
9. Brick according to Patent Claim 8, characterised in that the tie-bars (14), support wedge (30) and extension member (40) have identical cross-sections in shape and size.
10. Brick according to Patent Claim 9, characterised in that the cross-section represents an equilateral trapezium.
11. Brick according to Patent Claim 9, characterised in that the cross-section is a wedge shape widening out in steps.
12. Brick according to one of Patent Claims 8 to 11, characterised in that the support wedge comprises at least one through hole (32) and the extension member (40) comprises respectively one through hole (42) in its end parts.
13. Brick according to one of Patent Claims 8 to 12, characterised in that on the under side, the tie-bar (14), the support wedge (30) and the extension member (40) each have a groove (26, 31, 41) in the longitudinal direction, whereof the width corresponds to the width of the tie-bar (14) on its upper wall.
EP89810352A 1988-05-19 1989-05-12 Brick Expired - Lifetime EP0343112B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89810352T ATE65277T1 (en) 1988-05-19 1989-05-12 BRICK.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1899/88 1988-05-19
CH189988 1988-05-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0343112A1 EP0343112A1 (en) 1989-11-23
EP0343112B1 true EP0343112B1 (en) 1991-07-17

Family

ID=4221195

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89810352A Expired - Lifetime EP0343112B1 (en) 1988-05-19 1989-05-12 Brick

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US4930283A (en)
EP (1) EP0343112B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0230816A (en)
CN (1) CN1037754A (en)
AT (1) ATE65277T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8902235A (en)
DE (1) DE58900177D1 (en)
DK (1) DK243089A (en)
ES (1) ES2023529B3 (en)
GR (1) GR3002282T3 (en)
NO (1) NO892018L (en)
PT (1) PT90610B (en)
ZA (1) ZA893659B (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5277012A (en) * 1992-07-22 1994-01-11 Woolbright Mark A Retaining wall building block
US5425600A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-06-20 Gordon; Bradford C. Drainage block feedthrough for assembly of walls constructed of specialized retaining blocks
JP3164495B2 (en) * 1994-12-14 2001-05-08 有限会社マス構造企画 Construction method of leaning type retaining wall
US5658098A (en) * 1995-07-26 1997-08-19 Hercules Manufacturing, Inc. Polymeric retaining wall building block
WO2010019949A2 (en) 2008-08-15 2010-02-18 Smart Slope, Llc Retaining wall system

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE841464C (en) * 1949-09-07 1952-06-16 Jaroslav Pokorny Building body for supporting Schuettmaterial
US3282054A (en) * 1964-04-01 1966-11-01 Saginor Irving Block structure for retaining walls
CH587390A5 (en) * 1974-09-19 1977-04-29 Winkler Bernhard
JPS5697613A (en) * 1980-07-07 1981-08-06 Masaya Nagashima Fitting metals for shaped steel
US4426176A (en) * 1981-08-10 1984-01-17 Tokuyama Soda Co., Ltd. L-Shaped concrete block and method for constructing a retaining wall by such L-shaped concrete blocks
DE3317633A1 (en) * 1983-05-14 1984-11-15 Helmut 7015 Korntal Karle Wall element
JPS615405U (en) * 1984-06-15 1986-01-13 東北金属工業株式会社 Split display type magnetic orientation device
JPS60192030A (en) * 1985-01-25 1985-09-30 Akamine Yuko Terraced block for reinforced concrete retaining wall
US4684294A (en) * 1986-01-15 1987-08-04 Neill Raymond J O Retaining wall construction element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE65277T1 (en) 1991-08-15
PT90610A (en) 1989-11-30
NO892018D0 (en) 1989-05-19
PT90610B (en) 1994-05-31
BR8902235A (en) 1990-01-09
US4930283A (en) 1990-06-05
DK243089D0 (en) 1989-05-18
DE58900177D1 (en) 1991-08-22
GR3002282T3 (en) 1992-12-30
ZA893659B (en) 1990-01-31
EP0343112A1 (en) 1989-11-23
CN1037754A (en) 1989-12-06
ES2023529B3 (en) 1992-01-16
JPH0230816A (en) 1990-02-01
DK243089A (en) 1989-11-20
NO892018L (en) 1989-11-20

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