EP0233191B1 - Circuit de reglage de l'alimentation haute tension d'un filtre electrostatique - Google Patents
Circuit de reglage de l'alimentation haute tension d'un filtre electrostatique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0233191B1 EP0233191B1 EP86902787A EP86902787A EP0233191B1 EP 0233191 B1 EP0233191 B1 EP 0233191B1 EP 86902787 A EP86902787 A EP 86902787A EP 86902787 A EP86902787 A EP 86902787A EP 0233191 B1 EP0233191 B1 EP 0233191B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- current
- output
- arrangement according
- circuit arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
- B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
- Y10S323/903—Precipitators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for regulating the high voltage supply of an electrostatic filter operating in a soot switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a circuit arrangement is known from WO 80/02583.
- a soot separator for an internal combustion engine is described there.
- a high voltage is generated by means of an inverter, a transformer and a rectifier.
- the level of the DC voltage depends on the particle flow of the desired filter effect and the type of internal combustion engine.
- the possible voltage range is 100 V - 10,000 and more (page 11, lines 13 to 17).
- electrostatic filters which are used in industrial plants for the separation of dust particles from exhaust gases. These electrostatic filters are connected to high-voltage supplies, the voltage of which is regulated. The output voltage is fed to a regulator that controls the high voltage. A suitable high voltage can easily be generated for the electrostatic filters used in industrial plants due to the existing mains voltage.
- These known circuit arrangements are not suitable for use in motor vehicles, where only a direct voltage of, for example, 12 volts is present as on-board voltage, for the high-voltage supply of soot switches used in industrial plants.
- the electrostatic filter is operated in very different areas in the motor vehicle. Throughput, composition, soot loading, moisture and temperature of the exhaust gas change strongly in the entire speed and load range of the engine and in the transient operation of the engine with rapid change. The impedance of the discharge and the breakdown limit of the discharge strongly depend on these parameters and fluctuate accordingly.
- the current fed into the filter and / or the operating voltage must be regulated accordingly to predetermined values or limited to the maximum permitted values in order to be able to guarantee proper functioning of the filter in the entire engine operating range in the long term. It should be noted that the electrostatic filters in motor vehicles, in particular, have to be operated unsteadily and with throughput fluctuations by a factor of 10, while the known filters in large-scale plants are operated essentially stationary with a fixed operating point.
- the invention has for its object to achieve an optimal effect of the electrostatic filter in the entire operating range in a circuit arrangement of the type mentioned. This object is achieved in that the high-voltage output stage is a current source and the control circuit is designed to regulate the current fed into the filter.
- the circuit arrangement according to the invention with the features of the main claim has the advantage that an optimal effect of the electrostatic filter in the entire engine operating range can be achieved with this control.
- This quality criterion is met sufficiently well if it is ensured in the entire engine operating map that a certain basic current I G is always fed into the electrostatic filter.
- the control circuit can then be designed very simply as a fixed value controller for the control variable filter operating current.
- the regulation of the high-voltage supply is designed so that first of all attempts are made to regulate the basic current to a constant value which is largely independent of the engine operating point or other interfering influences. Only when the filter function has been fine-tuned can the output current, which forms the filter operating current, be additionally controlled as a function of the engine operating map.
- a diode flyback converter can be used to generate a high voltage from a relatively low DC battery voltage, which enables the use of electrostatic filters in motor vehicles.
- the high-voltage output stage is supplied on the primary side with a pulsating voltage, the pulse duty factor of which is set depending on the operating state of the soot switch. Monitoring the output voltage, the output current and the output power enables such a change in the pulse duty factor that predetermined maximum values are not exceeded, the power elements used are protected from destruction by a power limitation and the overall power consumption is kept as low as possible.
- the diode flyback converter can be cascaded in several stages to increase the output voltage, the charging capacitor being able to be formed by the capacitance of the high-voltage cable on the output side. This eliminates the need for a special charging capacitor.
- the primary winding of the flyback converter is preferably connected in series with a field effect transistor operated as an electrical switch, the control input (gate) of which is controlled by a pulse width modulator for setting the duty cycle.
- the pulse width modulator changes the duty cycle so that the Output current and / or the output voltage and / or the output power of the high-voltage output stage are limited and kept within a predetermined working range.
- the voltage drop of the switched-on, primary-side field-effect transistor can be used, since this transistor has a largely linear internal resistance when overdriven and thus the voltage drop across it between drain and source is proportional to the primary current.
- the primary current should be limited to as high a value as possible, especially in the start-up phase. However, this must be smaller than the current that leads to the destruction of the field effect transistor. The higher the primary current during the start-up phase, the faster the output current and output voltage reach their operating values.
- the filter is not switched off completely when a voltage breakdown occurs, but rather the operating current is reset or limited to a minimum current as quickly and briefly as possible. In this way, arcs that occur during breakdowns are quickly extinguished. However, a minimal function of the filter is still retained during the cut-off because the particles are still loaded by the minimal current.
- limits are provided regarding the maximum current that can be fed into the filter and the maximum power and voltage that can be fed into the filter. Each of the three limits protects both the components of the high-voltage supply and the high-voltage components of the filter against overload.
- the on-board electrical system is also protected by the power limitation from excessive power consumption by the electrostatic filter.
- the additive feeding of the leakage current to the base current has the advantage that for each engine operating point and depending on the particular functionality of the isolator, the instantaneously, at least required operating current is fed into the filter.
- This has the advantage that the vehicle electrical system is only loaded with the minimum required electrical power consumption by the filter.
- the electronic power components can thus be designed for lower loads. The components are thus smaller, cheaper or can be partially saved entirely because the maximum leakage current that occurs is approximately 10 times greater than the leakage current averaged over time.
- the additive feeding of the leakage current can be supplemented in the control circuit according to the invention in a particularly simple and therefore vehicle-compatible manner, because not the operating voltage but the filter current was selected as the control variable.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a high-voltage supply for an electrostatic soot switch in the form of a greatly simplified block diagram.
- An electrostatic soot switch 1 the construction of which is not the subject of the present invention, is supplied with the required high voltage by the output voltage U A of a high-voltage output stage 2.
- the duty cycle T "of the output voltage U A, which is obtained by the ratio of pulse period T is defined with the period duration Tp, can be varied in function of the power P, the output voltage U A and the output current 1 8
- the setting of the duty ratio T Takes place by means of a pulse width modulator 3, the output of which is connected to the control input of the high-voltage output stage 2.
- the pulse width modulator 3 is in turn connected to a processing circuit 4 which monitors the power P, the output voltage U A and the output current I A.
- the mode of operation of this circuit arrangement is described in more detail with reference to the more detailed block diagram shown in FIG.
- a diode flyback converter 5 is essentially shown in FIG. transforms the voltage pulses generated on the primary side to the required high voltage on the output side.
- the battery voltage U B is present at the primary winding P, while the other end of the primary winding P is connected to ground via a field effect transistor 6.
- the field effect transistor 6 is operated as an electrical switch and for this purpose is switched on and off periodically by the pulse width modulator 3 at its control input G. The on and off times of the field effect transistor 6 determine the duty cycle of the primary voltage and thus also the level of the output current I A.
- the secondary side of flyback converter 5 consists of three secondary windings S1 to S3 and three diodes D1 to D3.
- One of the output voltage U A proportional voltage U A ' may be at the tap a voltage divider can be tapped, which consists of the resistors R1 and R2.
- the resistor R3 is connected in series to the secondary side of the flyback converter 5.
- a signal 1 A "proportional to the output power P A can, however, also be tapped at the drain terminal D of the field effect transistor 6.
- the voltage occurring there during the switch-on phase T; is namely largely proportional to the current flowing on the primary side and thus also largely proportional to the secondary-side output power P A , since the volume resistance of the field effect transistor 6 between drain and source S is approximately constant in the forward mode.
- the block diagram shown in FIG. 3 contains a high-voltage output stage 2, which consists of a power output stage 7 and a diode flyback converter 5.
- the power output stage 7 is fed by a driver circuit 8, which in turn is controlled by a pulse width modulator 3.
- the pulse width modulator 3 sets the pulse duty factor of the primary voltage at the diode flyback converter 5 and thus also the output power P A via the driver circuit 8, the power output stage 7.
- the power limiter 9 operates as a function of the operating voltage U B and has a limiting effect on the pulse duty factor in the pulse width modulator 3.
- the pulse width modulator 3 is also fed by a minimum selection circuit 11 with a control signal which is dependent on the output current and / or on the output voltage.
- this or a signal proportional to it is fed to an impedance converter 14, which is connected on the output side to the breakdown detection circuit 12, a power limiter 15, which can be provided as an alternative to the power limiter 9, and to a differential circuit 16.
- the power limiters 9 and 15 can each limit the power individually. It is therefore only necessary to use one of the two power limiters in a circuit.
- the power limiter 15 receives a signal proportional to the output voltage U A as an input variable. It converts this into a current setpoint such that the output power does not exceed a certain value.
- the difference circuit 16 forms the difference between a maximum value U Amax provided for the output voltage and the output signal of the impedance converter 14.
- the difference signal is fed to a voltage regulator 17 which is connected on the output side to the minimum value selection circuit 11.
- the breakdown detection circuit 12 consists of a differentiator 18 on the input side, which is followed by a comparator 19 with hysteresis.
- the output of the breakdown detection circuit 12 is connected to an input of a start buckling control 20 and the input of an automatic best point 21.
- the start-up break control 20 has the effect that after the voltage breakdown has occurred, the output current I A remains briefly at a value which has been reduced to such an extent that an arc which may have arisen extinguishes. At the end of the pause, the current is quickly ramped up again with a defined gradient.
- the best-point automatic 21 causes the output current I A to be set to a somewhat lower value after the voltage breakdown than before the breakdown.
- This best-point automatic 21 has the effect that the number of voltage breakdowns during operation is kept small and thus also the times with a reduced filter function.
- the outputs of the best-point automatic 21 and the start-up buckling control 20 as well as the sum signal from the basic current I G and the creeping current I K occurring are fed to a second minimum value selection circuit 22 on the output side.
- This minimum value selection circuit 22 also has two further inputs, at which the maximum value of the output current I Amax and the output of the circuit 15 serving to limit the power are present.
- the output of the minimum value selection circuit 22 is connected to the positive input of a summer 23, at whose negative input the output current I A or a value proportional to it is present.
- the output of the summer 23 is connected via a current regulator 24 to an input of the minimum value selection circuit.
- the pulse width modulator 3 converts an analog voltage coming from the minimum value selection circuit 11 proportionally into a pulse of the duration T i , which is repeated at a constant repetition frequency.
- the minimum value selection circuit 11 selects the smallest of the values present at its inputs in a manner known per se for the formation of the output signal fed to the pulse width modulator 3. In a corresponding manner, a minimum value selection takes place in the minimum value selection circuit 22. Its output signal also corresponds to the smallest input signal or is proportional to it.
- the leakage current I K is the current flowing away at the insulator of the soot switch, while the base current I G is the portion of the current which flows off in the soot switch via the gas discharge.
- the base current I G is responsible for the function of the soot switch, which can also be referred to as a soot filter.
- the soot particles are charged by the base current I G and thereby agglomerated.
- the basic current I G can be determined for a filter type and set permanently, or it can also be controlled as a function of the speed and load of the internal combustion engine.
- the Filters the leakage current I K flowing out through the insulator can be fed in at any moment.
- the output current I A is limited to a maximum permissible operating value by the fixed value I Amax . Depending on the dimensioning of the component, this value can be 10mA, for example.
- the start-up kink control 20 has the task of immediately resetting the current setpoint to a minimum value Imin after a voltage breakdown. After briefly remaining at this minimum value Imin, the current setpoint I Asoll is rapidly brought up to the smallest of the current setpoints.
- the best-point automatic 21 regulates the current setpoint as close as possible to the breakdown limit if the filter is operated close to the breakdown limit in special speed and load ranges. After each breakdown, the output of the start-up buckling control 20 is quickly lowered by a certain amount and then starts up again slowly until a new breakdown occurs. If there are no breakthroughs over a long period of time, this value becomes equal to the sum of I K and I G. In the event of a voltage breakdown, the output voltage U A collapses with a steep edge, this is detected by the differential circuit 18, which causes the comparator 19 to tilt when a threshold value is exceeded.
- the voltage regulator 17 limits the output voltage U A to a maximum permissible value, for example to 17 to 18 kV.
- the current-voltage diagram shown in FIG. 4 shows the maximum voltage, the maximum current and a power hyperbola P max .
- the creeping current I K rises with increasing exhaust gas temperature, as a result of which the characteristics for the output current I A change accordingly. With increasing exhaust gas temperature or with increasing leakage current I K , the current-voltage characteristics become steeper.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Control Of Voltage And Current In General (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
Abstract
Claims (19)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3531025 | 1985-08-30 | ||
DE19853531025 DE3531025A1 (de) | 1985-08-30 | 1985-08-30 | Schaltungsanordnung zur regelung der hochspannungsversorgung eines elektrostatischen filters |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0233191A1 EP0233191A1 (fr) | 1987-08-26 |
EP0233191B1 true EP0233191B1 (fr) | 1989-08-23 |
Family
ID=6279762
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86902787A Expired EP0233191B1 (fr) | 1985-08-30 | 1986-04-30 | Circuit de reglage de l'alimentation haute tension d'un filtre electrostatique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4816979A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0233191B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS63500706A (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3531025A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1987001306A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3817506A1 (de) * | 1988-05-24 | 1989-12-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Schaltungsanordnung zur hochspannungsversorgung eines elektrostatischen filters |
IT1245165B (it) * | 1991-02-15 | 1994-09-13 | Ente Naz Energia Elettrica | Sistema per controllare e regolare alimentatori ad impulsi di tensione per precipitatori elettrostatici |
IT1247337B (it) * | 1991-04-12 | 1994-12-12 | Ente Naz Energia Elettrica | Alimentatore protetto del tipo a commutazione ad alta frequenza, in particolare per precipitatori elettrostatici |
IT1247356B (it) * | 1991-06-17 | 1994-12-12 | Plessey Spa | Apparecchiatura per la generazione di alta tensione continua stabilizzata in particolare per l'impiego in combinazione con una marmitta anti-inquinamento |
DE4127577A1 (de) * | 1991-08-21 | 1993-03-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | System zur erzeugung einer hochspannung aus einem kraftfahrzeugbordnetz |
SE500810E (sv) * | 1993-01-29 | 2003-04-29 | Flaekt Ab | Sätt att vid ¦verslag reglera str¦mtillf¦rseln till en elektrostatisk stoftavskiljare |
DE19529769A1 (de) * | 1995-08-12 | 1997-02-13 | Hengst Walter Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Elektrofilters bzw. einer Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung |
DE10110609B4 (de) * | 2001-03-06 | 2013-01-03 | Fludicon Gmbh | Hochspannungsnetzteil |
DE10328586A1 (de) * | 2003-06-25 | 2005-01-20 | Siemens Ag | Elektrostatisches Filter mit Durchschlagerkennung |
US7625424B2 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2009-12-01 | Oreck Holdings, Llc | Air cleaner and shut-down method |
PL2078563T3 (pl) * | 2008-01-09 | 2013-03-29 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Sposób i urządzenie do sterowania elektrofiltrem |
PL2172271T3 (pl) * | 2008-10-01 | 2018-11-30 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Sposób i urządzenie do sterowania mocą dostarczaną do odpylacza elektrostatycznego |
US20110030560A1 (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | Bohlen John R | Air cleaner with multiple orientations |
US20110033346A1 (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | Bohlen Johns R | Air cleaner with photo-catalytic oxidizer |
DE102022103550B4 (de) * | 2022-02-15 | 2024-01-04 | Woco Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ansteuerschaltung für einen Elektroabscheider |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3984215A (en) * | 1975-01-08 | 1976-10-05 | Hudson Pulp & Paper Corporation | Electrostatic precipitator and method |
US4316360A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1982-02-23 | The Regents Of The University Of Minn. | Apparatus for recycling collected exhaust particles |
US4335414A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1982-06-15 | United Air Specialists, Inc. | Automatic reset current cut-off for an electrostatic precipitator power supply |
DE3118542A1 (de) * | 1981-05-09 | 1983-01-27 | Belco Pollution Control Corp., Parsippany, N.J. | Elektrostatische gasreinigungsvorrichtung und verfahren zum aendern der betriebshochspannung dieser vorrichtung |
US4410934A (en) * | 1981-07-22 | 1983-10-18 | Masco Corporation | DC Power supply for an air filter |
US4479164A (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1984-10-23 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Control for an electrostatic treater |
US4466051A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1984-08-14 | Rca Corporation | Regulated power supply incorporating a power transformer having a tightly coupled supplemental power transfer winding |
US4586120A (en) * | 1983-12-30 | 1986-04-29 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Current limit shutdown circuit with time delay |
-
1985
- 1985-08-30 DE DE19853531025 patent/DE3531025A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-04-30 DE DE8686902787T patent/DE3665136D1/de not_active Expired
- 1986-04-30 WO PCT/DE1986/000178 patent/WO1987001306A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1986-04-30 JP JP61502576A patent/JPS63500706A/ja active Pending
- 1986-04-30 US US07/045,851 patent/US4816979A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-04-30 EP EP86902787A patent/EP0233191B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0233191A1 (fr) | 1987-08-26 |
DE3665136D1 (en) | 1989-09-28 |
WO1987001306A1 (fr) | 1987-03-12 |
JPS63500706A (ja) | 1988-03-17 |
US4816979A (en) | 1989-03-28 |
DE3531025A1 (de) | 1987-03-05 |
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