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EP0226660B1 - Digging bucket wheel device - Google Patents

Digging bucket wheel device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0226660B1
EP0226660B1 EP19850116539 EP85116539A EP0226660B1 EP 0226660 B1 EP0226660 B1 EP 0226660B1 EP 19850116539 EP19850116539 EP 19850116539 EP 85116539 A EP85116539 A EP 85116539A EP 0226660 B1 EP0226660 B1 EP 0226660B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
cutting
wheel
bucket wheel
suction chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850116539
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0226660A1 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Dipl.-Ing. Steinkühler
Ulrich Dipl.-Ing. Wäntig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CNH Industrial Baumaschinen GmbH
Original Assignee
O&K Orenstein and Koppel GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8193974&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0226660(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by O&K Orenstein and Koppel GmbH filed Critical O&K Orenstein and Koppel GmbH
Priority to EP19850116539 priority Critical patent/EP0226660B1/en
Publication of EP0226660A1 publication Critical patent/EP0226660A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0226660B1 publication Critical patent/EP0226660B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/88Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
    • E02F3/90Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
    • E02F3/92Digging elements, e.g. suction heads
    • E02F3/9212Mechanical digging means, e.g. suction wheels, i.e. wheel with a suction inlet attached behind the wheel
    • E02F3/9225Mechanical digging means, e.g. suction wheels, i.e. wheel with a suction inlet attached behind the wheel with rotating cutting elements
    • E02F3/9237Suction wheels with axis of rotation in transverse direction of the longitudinal axis of the suction pipe

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bucket wheel cutting device for suction dredgers, the bucket wheel being provided with cutting brackets and the suction pipe being connected to a suction chamber arranged inside the cutting device, which is provided with a suction opening in the suction area.
  • DE-PS 3015 452 shows and describes a bucket wheel for a floating suction dredger according to the preamble of claim 1, which is rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis and which is provided on the outer circumference of its bucket wheel body at regular intervals from one another with excavator buckets.
  • Each excavator bucket has a U-shape in the radial cross section of the bucket wheel.
  • the free blade ends are connected to the blade wheel body and have an inlet opening pointing in the direction of rotation of the blade wheel. This is larger than its outlet opening.
  • the bucket wheel On the outer circumference, the bucket wheel has an opening that extends over its entire length between the U-legs of the excavator buckets, to which the suction mouth contacts a suction line that extends through a fixed side wall of the bucket wheel into the interior of the bucket wheel.
  • the suction mouth is provided on its upper edge with an extension which extends at an angle against the direction of rotation of the bucket wheel through the opening and the outlet opening of the excavator shovel into the same.
  • the outer end of the extension lies at the level of the axis of rotation of the paddle wheel.
  • the excavator blades can be substantially rectangular or trapezoidal in radial cross-section and also trapezoidal in tangential cross-section.
  • DE-OS 2907485 describes and shows a paddle wheel with a flat, cylindrical body that has at least one partially open side surface. Openings are provided in the cylindrical peripheral plane which open into blades, which are fastened to the blade wheel and are provided with cutting teeth.
  • the shaft of the bucket wheel is supported by bearings that are located at the forked outer end of the excavator ladder of the excavator boom. The shaft can be driven via a gearwheel using a hydraulic motor.
  • a box-shaped suction device is provided, which has an open side in the form of a circular arc as a suction opening and runs close to the inner surface of the cylindrical peripheral plane of the main part of the impeller body.
  • the box-shaped suction device is attached by means of a flange screw connection to a fastening device which is held by the shaft of the paddle wheel.
  • An adjusting device which consists of a piston and cylinder, is rotatably connected at one end to the excavator ladder and at the other end to the fastening device, so that the box-shaped suction device can be pivoted with the adjusting device.
  • a manifold On one side of the suction device there is an opening into which a manifold opens, the other end of which is connected to a flexible tube, which in turn is connected to a suction tube by means of a bend.
  • US Pat. No. 4,058,914 describes a suction excavator with a special type of suction head attached to the suction pipe.
  • the suction head consists of a T-piece, the middle part of which is attached to the suction pipe, while the two side pieces are provided with mounting flanges.
  • a cutting device which consists of a tubular part in which a drive motor is inserted, is arranged on each fastening flange.
  • Each drive motor is provided with a cutting wheel, which consists of knives which protrude outwards and are arranged in a circle, the planes of the knives being inclined conically.
  • the cutting device consists of a helical component, from which the cutting knives protrude outwards.
  • a conduit flap is pivotally mounted about an axis that runs perpendicular to the connector of the T-shaped distributor. This flap opens at its front end in a slide which closes the connection opening of one suction pipe in one position and the suction opening of the other suction pipe in the other position. The flap can be adjusted from the ship using an adjustment device.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a bucket wheel cutting device of the type mentioned, in which it is ensured that the broach cut by the cutting brackets is removed with a high degree of filling.
  • the invention solves this problem by the features of the main claim. Further preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the solution according to the invention retains the advantages of constant and unambiguous cutting conditions which are characteristic of bucket wheel excavator operation, and a constant removal of the broaching material can be ensured with good efficiency.
  • the material released from the cutting edges is sucked off directly through the cutting edge openings.
  • the paddle wheel cutting device has two cutting wheels 1 a and 1 b, which are jointly operated by a hydraulic motor 2 integrated into the support structure of the intake manifold boom in addition to gear 3 are driven hydraulically.
  • the suction pipe 4 ends in two suction chambers 5a and 5b provided within the centrally arranged wheel carrier, which are separated by a central wall 6.
  • An adjusting flap 7 is provided which, depending on the pivoting direction of the suction pipe boom, only connects one of the suction chambers 5a or 5b to the suction pipe 4, which is assigned to the conveying cutting wheel 1a or 1b, during the excavation work.
  • each of the suction chambers is delimited by the mechanical support structure and a scraper.
  • Cutting brackets 8a and Bb each equipped with cutting knives 9a and 9b, open lateral cutting openings for the reception of the cleared goods in the suction chambers.
  • the figure also shows that the suction chambers 5a and 5b are predominantly provided in the lower region of the cutting wheels 1a and 1b, that is to say directly behind the floor to be cut.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Shovels (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaufelradschneidvorrichtung für Saugbagger, wobei das Schaufelrad mit Schneidbügeln versehen ist und das Saugrohr mit einer innerhalb der Schneidvorrichtung angeordneten Saugkammer verbunden ist, die im Saugbereich mit einer Saugöffnung versehen ist.The invention relates to a bucket wheel cutting device for suction dredgers, the bucket wheel being provided with cutting brackets and the suction pipe being connected to a suction chamber arranged inside the cutting device, which is provided with a suction opening in the suction area.

Die DE-PS 3015 452 zeigt und beschreibt ein Schaufelrad für einen Schwimmsaugbagger gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, das um eine horizontale Achse drehbar gelagert ist und das am Au-Benumfang seines Schaufelradkörpers in regelmä-Bigen Abständen voneinander mit Baggerschaufeln versehen ist. Jede Baggerschaufel hat im radialen Querschnitt des Schaufelrades gesehen eine U-Form.DE-PS 3015 452 shows and describes a bucket wheel for a floating suction dredger according to the preamble of claim 1, which is rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis and which is provided on the outer circumference of its bucket wheel body at regular intervals from one another with excavator buckets. Each excavator bucket has a U-shape in the radial cross section of the bucket wheel.

Die freien Schaufelenden sind mit dem Schaufelradkörper verbunden und besitzen eine nach vom in die Drehrichtung des Schaufelrades weisende Einlaßöffnung. Diese ist größer als ihre Auslaßöffnung. Das Schaufelrad besitzt am Außenumfang eine sich über seine gesamte Länge zwischen den U-Schenkeln der Baggerschaufeln erstreckende Öffnung, an die der Saugmund einer sich durch eine feststehende Seitenwand des Schaufelrades in das Schaufelradinnere erstreckende Saugleitung anleigt. Der Saugmund ist an seiner oberen Kante mit einer Verlängerung versehen, die sich in einem gegen die Drehrichtung des Schaufelrades gerichteten Winkel durch die Öffnung und die Auslaßöffnung der Baggerschaufein in dieselben erstreckt. Das äußere Ende der Verlängerung liegt in Höhe der Drehachse des Schaufelrades. Die Baggerschaufeln können im radialen Querschnitt im wesentlichen rechteckig oder trapezförmig und im tangentialen Querschnitt ebenfalls trapezförmig sein.The free blade ends are connected to the blade wheel body and have an inlet opening pointing in the direction of rotation of the blade wheel. This is larger than its outlet opening. On the outer circumference, the bucket wheel has an opening that extends over its entire length between the U-legs of the excavator buckets, to which the suction mouth contacts a suction line that extends through a fixed side wall of the bucket wheel into the interior of the bucket wheel. The suction mouth is provided on its upper edge with an extension which extends at an angle against the direction of rotation of the bucket wheel through the opening and the outlet opening of the excavator shovel into the same. The outer end of the extension lies at the level of the axis of rotation of the paddle wheel. The excavator blades can be substantially rectangular or trapezoidal in radial cross-section and also trapezoidal in tangential cross-section.

Die DE-OS 2907485 beschreibt und zeigt ein Schaufelrad mit einem flachen, zylindrischen Körper, der mindestens eine, teilweise offene Seitenfläche besitzt. In der zylindrischen peripheren Ebene sind Öffnungen vorgesehen, die in Schaufeln münden, die an dem Schaufelrad befestigt und mit Schneidzähnen versehen sind. Die Welle des Schaufelrades wird von Lagern gestützt, die sich am gegabelten äußeren Ende der Baggerleiter des Baggerauslegers befinden. Die Welle kann mitmels eines Hydro-Motors über ein Zahnrad angetrieben sein. Im Hauptteil des zylindrischen Körpers ist eine kastenförmige Saugvorrichtung vorgesehen, die als Saugöffnung eine offene Seite in Form eines Kreisbogens besitzt und nahe an der inneren Oberfläche der zylindrischen peripheren Ebene des Hauptteiles des Schaufelradkörpers verläuft. Die kastenförmige Saugvorrichtung ist mittels einer Flanschverschraubung an einer Befestigungsvorrichtung angebracht, die von der Welle des Schaufelrades gehalten ist. Eine Verstellvorrichtung, die aus einem Kolben und Zylinder besteht, ist drehbar an ihrem einen Ende mit der Baggerleiter verbunden und an ihrem anderen Ende mit der Befestigungsvorrichtung verbunden, so daß mit der Verstellvorrichtung die kastenförmige Saugvorrichtung verschwenkt werden kann.DE-OS 2907485 describes and shows a paddle wheel with a flat, cylindrical body that has at least one partially open side surface. Openings are provided in the cylindrical peripheral plane which open into blades, which are fastened to the blade wheel and are provided with cutting teeth. The shaft of the bucket wheel is supported by bearings that are located at the forked outer end of the excavator ladder of the excavator boom. The shaft can be driven via a gearwheel using a hydraulic motor. In the main part of the cylindrical body, a box-shaped suction device is provided, which has an open side in the form of a circular arc as a suction opening and runs close to the inner surface of the cylindrical peripheral plane of the main part of the impeller body. The box-shaped suction device is attached by means of a flange screw connection to a fastening device which is held by the shaft of the paddle wheel. An adjusting device, which consists of a piston and cylinder, is rotatably connected at one end to the excavator ladder and at the other end to the fastening device, so that the box-shaped suction device can be pivoted with the adjusting device.

An einer Seite der Saugvorrichtung ist eine Öffnung eingelassen, in die ein Krümmer mündet, dessen anderes Ende mit einem flexiblen Rohr verbunden ist, das wiederum mittels eines Krümmers mit einem Saugrohr verbunden ist.On one side of the suction device there is an opening into which a manifold opens, the other end of which is connected to a flexible tube, which in turn is connected to a suction tube by means of a bend.

Die US-PS 4.058.914 beschreibt einen Saugbagger mit einem am Saugrohr befestigten Saugkopf besonderer Bauart. Der Saugkopf besteht aus einem T-Stück, dessen mittlerer Teil am Saugrohr befestigt ist, während die beiden Seitenstücke mit Befestigungsflanschen versehen sind. An jedem Befestigungsflansch ist eine Schneidvorrichtung angeordnet, die aus einem rohrförmigen Teil besteht, in dem ein Antriebsmotor eingesetzt ist. Jeder Antriebsmotor ist mit einem Schneidrad versehen, das einmal aus nach außen ragenden, kreisförmig angeordneten Messern besteht, wobei die Ebenen der Messer gleichsam kegelförmig geneigt sind. Zum anderen besteht die Schneidvorrichtung aus einem schraubenförmigen Bauteil, von dem gleichsam die Schneidmesser nach außen abstehen. In dem T-förmigen Verteilerstück, an dem die beiden nach außen ragenden Schneidvorrichtungen befestigt sind, ist eine Leitungsklappe um eine Achse schwenkbar gelagert, die senkrecht zum Anschlußstück des T-förmigen Verteilers verläuft. Diese Klappe mündet an ihrem vorderen Ende in einem Schieber, der in der einen Stellung die AnschluBöffnung des einen Saugrohres und in der anderen Stellung die Ansaugöffnung des anderen Saugrohres abschließt. Die Klappe kann mit Hilfe einer Verstellvorrichtung von Bord des Schiffes verstellt werden.US Pat. No. 4,058,914 describes a suction excavator with a special type of suction head attached to the suction pipe. The suction head consists of a T-piece, the middle part of which is attached to the suction pipe, while the two side pieces are provided with mounting flanges. A cutting device, which consists of a tubular part in which a drive motor is inserted, is arranged on each fastening flange. Each drive motor is provided with a cutting wheel, which consists of knives which protrude outwards and are arranged in a circle, the planes of the knives being inclined conically. On the other hand, the cutting device consists of a helical component, from which the cutting knives protrude outwards. In the T-shaped distributor piece, to which the two outwardly projecting cutting devices are attached, a conduit flap is pivotally mounted about an axis that runs perpendicular to the connector of the T-shaped distributor. This flap opens at its front end in a slide which closes the connection opening of one suction pipe in one position and the suction opening of the other suction pipe in the other position. The flap can be adjusted from the ship using an adjustment device.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schaufelradschneidvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der sichergestellt ist, daß das von den Schneidbügeln geschnittene Räumgut in hohem Füllungsgrad abtransportiert wird. Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs. Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The invention has for its object to provide a bucket wheel cutting device of the type mentioned, in which it is ensured that the broach cut by the cutting brackets is removed with a high degree of filling. The invention solves this problem by the features of the main claim. Further preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung bleiben die für den Schaufelradbaggerbetrieb charakteristischen Vorteile gleichbleibender und eindeutiger Schnittverhältnisse erhalten, und es ist ein stetiger Abtransport des Räummaterials mit gutem Wirkungsgrad gewährleistbar. Das von den Schneiden gelöste Material wird direkt durch die Schneiden- öffnungen abgesaugt. Infolge der Absperrmöglichkeit der jeweils anderen Saugkammer des nicht materialfördemden Schneidrades wird verhindert, daß zusätzliches Wasser angesaugt und mittransportiert wird.The solution according to the invention retains the advantages of constant and unambiguous cutting conditions which are characteristic of bucket wheel excavator operation, and a constant removal of the broaching material can be ensured with good efficiency. The material released from the cutting edges is sucked off directly through the cutting edge openings. As a result of the possibility of locking the other suction chamber of the cutting wheel, which does not promote material, it is prevented that additional water is sucked in and transported along.

Die Zeichnung zeigt schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.

  • Fig. 1 - zeigt die Schaufelradschneidvorrichtung in Seitenansicht
  • Fig. 2 - zeigt eine Ansicht von unten.
The drawing shows schematically an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 - shows the paddle wheel cutting device in side view
  • Fig. 2 - shows a view from below.

Nach der Figur 1 weist die Schaufelradschneidvorrichtung zwei Schneidräder 1a und 1 b auf, die gemeinsam von einem in die Tragkonstruktion des Saugrohrauslegers integrierten Hydromotor 2 nebst Getriebe 3 hydraulisch angetrieben werden. Das Saugrohr 4 endet in zwei innerhalb des zentral angeordneten Radträgers vorgesehenen Saugkammem 5a und 5b, die durch eine Mittelwand 6 getrennt sind. Es ist eine Stellklappe 7 vorgesehen, die in Abhängigkeit von der Schwenkrichtung des Saugrohrauslegers während der Baggerarbeiten nur die eine der Saugkammem 5a oder 5b mit dem Saugrohr 4 verbindet, die dem fördernden Schneidrad 1a oder 1b zugeordnet ist. Jede der Saugkammem ist neben der Mittelwand 6 durch die mechanische Tragkonstruktion und einen Abstreifer begrenzt.According to FIG. 1, the paddle wheel cutting device has two cutting wheels 1 a and 1 b, which are jointly operated by a hydraulic motor 2 integrated into the support structure of the intake manifold boom in addition to gear 3 are driven hydraulically. The suction pipe 4 ends in two suction chambers 5a and 5b provided within the centrally arranged wheel carrier, which are separated by a central wall 6. An adjusting flap 7 is provided which, depending on the pivoting direction of the suction pipe boom, only connects one of the suction chambers 5a or 5b to the suction pipe 4, which is assigned to the conveying cutting wheel 1a or 1b, during the excavation work. In addition to the central wall 6, each of the suction chambers is delimited by the mechanical support structure and a scraper.

Schneidbügel 8a und Bb, jeweils mit Schneidmessem 9a und 9b bestückt, geben seitliche Schneid- öffnungen für die Aufnahme des geräumten Gutes in die Saugkammem frei.Cutting brackets 8a and Bb, each equipped with cutting knives 9a and 9b, open lateral cutting openings for the reception of the cleared goods in the suction chambers.

Die Figur läBt weiterhin erkennen, daß die Saugkammem 5a und 5b überwiegend im unteren Bereich der Schneidräder 1a und 1b, also direkt hinter dem zu schneidenden Boden vorgesehen sind.The figure also shows that the suction chambers 5a and 5b are predominantly provided in the lower region of the cutting wheels 1a and 1b, that is to say directly behind the floor to be cut.

In die Figur 2 sind die vorgenannten Bezugsziffern der sich entsprechenden technischen Teile eingetragen.The aforementioned reference numbers of the corresponding technical parts are entered in FIG.

Mit der vorstehend erläuterten Schaufelradschneidvorrichtung ist es zum einen möglich, Naßbaggerarbeiten durchzuführen, die der Unterhaltung und Erweiterung von UnterwasserStrukturen dienen. Infolge der leichten Möglichkeit des seitlichen Verschwenkens des Saugrohrauslegers und dabei nach jeder Seite nacheinander ein Arbeitsfeld bei hoher Räumgutmenge bestreichend, sind eine leichte Führung des begleitenden Schwimmbaggers, insbesondere eine eindeutige Positionierung erreichbar. Zum anderen wird einem gleichen Gerät die Gewinnung von Rohstoffen unter Wasser möglich und dies auch in den Fällen, da das Räumgut mechanisch unter erheblichem Kraftaufwand gelöst werden muß.With the bucket wheel cutting device explained above, it is possible, on the one hand, to carry out wet dredging work which serves to maintain and expand underwater structures. As a result of the easy possibility of swiveling the suction pipe boom sideways and thereby sweeping a working area with a large amount of clearing material one after the other, easy guidance of the accompanying dredger, in particular clear positioning, can be achieved. On the other hand, the same device enables the extraction of raw materials under water, even in cases where the clearing material has to be mechanically released with considerable effort.

Claims (3)

1. A bucket wheel cutting system for bucket wheel excavators, wherein the bucket wheel is fitted with cutting paddles and the suction pipe is connected to a suction chamber accommodated within the cutting system, which suction chamber is furnished with a suction opening itted in the suction area; distinguished by the cutting wheel being composed of two coaxial, adjacent cutting wheels (1a, 1b) which are rigidly joined together and driven by a joint hydraulic motor (2), and by the suction chamber being divided by a central partition wall (6) into two separate suction chambers (5a, 5b) one of which lies within the area of one cutting wheel while the other lies within the area of the other cutting wheel, and by each of these suction chambers (5a, 5b) being connected with the suction pipe (4) via an opening furnished with a flap valve (7) in such a way that either one suction chamber or the other suction chamber (5a, 5b) is connected to the suction pipe at any one time.
2. A cutting system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the suction chambers (5a, 5b) are mainly located in the bottom part of the cutting wheels (1a, 1b).
3. A cutting system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the cutting wheels (1 a, 1 b) feature cutting openings at the sides.
EP19850116539 1985-12-24 1985-12-24 Digging bucket wheel device Expired EP0226660B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19850116539 EP0226660B1 (en) 1985-12-24 1985-12-24 Digging bucket wheel device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19850116539 EP0226660B1 (en) 1985-12-24 1985-12-24 Digging bucket wheel device

Publications (2)

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EP0226660A1 EP0226660A1 (en) 1987-07-01
EP0226660B1 true EP0226660B1 (en) 1989-07-12

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EP19850116539 Expired EP0226660B1 (en) 1985-12-24 1985-12-24 Digging bucket wheel device

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992007146A1 (en) * 1990-10-16 1992-04-30 Coal Recoveries Pty., Ltd. Cutter wheel assembly
BE1018348A3 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-09-07 Dredging Int CUTTING HEAD FOR DAGGING LAND AND METHOD FOR DAGGING USING THIS CUTTING KNOB.
PT2914291T (en) 2012-11-02 2022-05-05 Bioverativ Usa Inc Anti-complement c1s antibodies and uses thereof
US20150008719A1 (en) * 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Galen B. Merrell Prospecting Immersable for Gold or P.I.G.

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1124832A (en) * 1954-05-28 1956-10-18 Mineraal Technologisch Inst Improvement in land cutting devices, in particular, for suction dredgers
US4058914A (en) * 1975-12-15 1977-11-22 Kiss Sandor G Alternate flow suction dredge

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