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EP0225490B1 - Temperature limiter - Google Patents

Temperature limiter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0225490B1
EP0225490B1 EP86115496A EP86115496A EP0225490B1 EP 0225490 B1 EP0225490 B1 EP 0225490B1 EP 86115496 A EP86115496 A EP 86115496A EP 86115496 A EP86115496 A EP 86115496A EP 0225490 B1 EP0225490 B1 EP 0225490B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transfer member
actuating
inner rod
thermal cut
out according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86115496A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0225490A2 (en
EP0225490A3 (en
Inventor
Willi Essig
Heinz Petri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
Original Assignee
EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH filed Critical EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
Priority to AT86115496T priority Critical patent/ATE65343T1/en
Publication of EP0225490A2 publication Critical patent/EP0225490A2/en
Publication of EP0225490A3 publication Critical patent/EP0225490A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0225490B1 publication Critical patent/EP0225490B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/12Means for adjustment of "on" or "off" operating temperature
    • H01H37/22Means for adjustment of "on" or "off" operating temperature by adjustment of a member transmitting motion from the thermal element to contacts or latch
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/32Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/46Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid
    • H01H37/48Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid with extensible rigid rods or tubes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0066Auxiliary contact devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a temperature limiter for a heater, in particular a glass ceramic cooking unit, with an essentially rod-shaped temperature sensor having an outer tube and an inner rod therein with a different expansion coefficient, for actuating a signal switch arranged in a base and a circuit breaker likewise arranged in the base is provided for switching off the heating at a predetermined maximum temperature, a transmission element adjoining the base-side end of the inner rod engaging actuators at actuation points of both switches which lie in the axial extension of the inner rod.
  • a temperature limiter of this type has become known, in which the transmission member, which is influenced by an inner rod designed as a tension rod, is passed through holes in the switch in the form of an actuating plunger and on both ends are covered inaccessible from the outside.
  • the actuators are formed by the end face of a slimmer tappet part and the shoulder surface of a tappet part which is larger in diameter, the distance from which is rigidly fixed, so that a relative adjustment by a direct change in distance between these two actuators is not possible.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a temperature limiter of the type mentioned, in particular for dual-circuit radiant heaters, which on the one hand has relatively large actuation paths with a simple and clear structure and on the other hand enables relative adjustment between the two actuators.
  • a temperature limiter of the type described at the outset according to the invention in that at least one of the actuating members is connected to an adjusting device provided on the transmission member, by means of which the mutual spacing of the actuating members can be changed from one another.
  • the actuators or actuation points are linearly one behind the other, preferably in the working direction of the actuators, preferably in an extension of the inner rod, despite this space-saving and relatively large actuation path configuration, a distance adjustment between the two actuators is also possible, in particular in connection with an adjustment device for the Inner rod a very differentiated precise setting of both switches of the temperature limiter is guaranteed.
  • an actuating member is formed directly by an adjusting member lying approximately in the extension of the inner rod, in particular an adjusting screw, which can be arranged very easily accessible from the outside with little space requirement, so that readjustment is possible at any time. This is particularly the case if the adjusting device is assigned to the actuating element which is removed from the inner rod.
  • a particularly advantageous development of a temperature limiter of the type described consists in that the essentially linearly movable transmission element is suspended in a freely resilient manner, in particular in a contact-free manner with respect to the base, so that the transmission element does not have any frictional forces in a bearing and therefore extremely precise switching is guaranteed.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is expediently such that at least one spring holds the transmission member in its precisely aligned position in the manner of a lever guide and leads over the actuation path while maintaining this position, for which purpose a leaf spring clamped on both sides of the transmission member in the housing of the temperature limiter is suitable, which is rigidly attached to the transmission member between its clamping points, for example by rivets, spot welding or the like.
  • the transmission element is designed as a penetration-free, in particular bow-shaped bridge, so that, because no penetration openings are required in the switches, conventional switches can be used without any change and also no weakening of the switch parts as a result of penetration openings must be feared.
  • the actuators can be provided in a particularly simple manner on the sides of the switches facing away from one another and can therefore be arranged so that they are easily accessible.
  • their snap springs lie on their sides facing away from one another, ie that the two switches can be arranged mirror-symmetrically to a central plane lying between them.
  • the switches in particular their snap springs, have different switching differences, the switching difference of the signal switch preferably being substantially smaller or as small as possible, while the switching spring for the circuit breaker is subject to other laws due to its thermal load due to self-heating. This is particularly the case if the circuit breaker is provided closer to the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature limiter 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a housing cover 3 that can be opened on its front side and closed with a plate-shaped flat cover Housing 2 made of insulation material, in which a circuit breaker 5 and a signal switch 4 in the form of snap-action switches of essentially the same design are arranged directly adjacent to one another and one behind the other.
  • a rod-shaped, rectilinear temperature sensor 6 is attached to the housing 2 serving as a base and essentially consists of an outer tube 7 consisting of metal and an inner rod 8 arranged in a contact-free manner therein.
  • the inner rod 8 is supported within the housing 2 with its associated end on a freely resiliently suspended transmission member 9 and is at its other end against an adjusting member l2, which is adjustable and self-locking in the form of a stud screw in an internal thread in the associated end of the outer tube 7 is led.
  • the two switches 4, 5 each have a strip-shaped switch carrier l3 or l4, which is approximately the same as a stamped and bent part and is each equipped with a snap spring formed by a leaf spring, which carries or forms a switching contact l7 at its free end.
  • the two switch supports l3, l4, including their snap springs l5, l6, are arranged essentially mirror-symmetrically to a central plane perpendicular to the central axis l8 of the temperature sensor 6 or to the actuation direction in such a way that the snap springs l5, l6 on the sides facing away from one another Sides of the switch supports l3, l4.
  • the switching contacts are assigned to counter-contacts l9, 20 which are fixed to the housing and are connected as a component of or electrically conductively to terminal lugs 2l, 22 projecting from the housing.
  • Corresponding terminal lugs 23, 24 are also electrically conductively connected to the switch carriers l3, l4, or, in the case of the switch carrier l4, are formed in one piece therewith.
  • the two connecting lugs 2l, 23 of the one switch 4 protrude from a narrow side of the housing 2, while the connecting lugs 22, 24 of the other switch 5 protrude from the opposite narrow side of the housing 2.
  • the counter-contact l9 of the signal switch 4 is designed as a cutting-like contact tip, which directly, ie without a separate switching contact, cooperates in an electrically conductive manner with an end section of the associated snap spring l5.
  • This counter contact l9 is expediently formed in one piece from sheet metal with the associated terminal lug 2l.
  • the transmission member 9 is designed in the manner of a freely suspended, linearly movably mounted transmission rod as a U-shaped bracket or bridge, which in turn has U-sections both in the area of the bracket legs 25, 26 and in the area of the bracket crosspiece parallel to the temperature sensor 6 has directed U-legs, so that it can be made, for example, of relatively thin sheet metal and still has a very high strength.
  • the bow crossbar 28 is located on the side of the switches 4, 5 facing away from the open housing side in a corresponding recess in the housing base, which merges into recesses for receiving the snap springs and contacts and from the suspension springs.
  • the latter To support the inner rod 8 on the outside of the associated bracket leg 25, the latter carries a bolt-shaped intermediate member 29, the head of which rests between the U-legs 27 on the outside of the stirrup leg 25 and which passes through the stirrup leg 25 with a reduced-diameter shank section, this shank section with its free end an actuating member 30 lying in the central axis for the closer at the temperature sensor 6 lying signal switch 4 forms.
  • the actuating element 30 is assigned a knob-shaped actuating point 3l, against which the actuating element 30 rests with its end face.
  • actuating member 32 On the inside of the other stirrup leg 26 there is also an actuating member 32 which is formed by the associated end of an adjusting member 34 designed as an adjusting screw, which lies in the central axis 18 of the temperature sensor 6 and which projects outward in one piece with the stirrup leg 26 Internal thread sleeve 35 is adjustable with an external thread and is guided by self-locking.
  • the actuating member 32 acts via an actuating point 33 of an intermediate member 36 on a knob-shaped actuating point 37, which is also provided between the clamping zones on the associated side of the snap spring 16.
  • the intermediate members 29, 36 suitably consist of insulating material.
  • the intermediate member 36 is mounted independently of the actuator 32 directly on the transmission member 9 in the actuating direction in a resilient manner in that it is arranged on a leg which projects freely between the actuator 32 and the actuating point 37 of an angular spring tab 38 fastened to the inside of the crosspiece 28 of the bracket.
  • the spring 39 which is closer to the temperature sensor 6 and is designed as a bow-shaped leaf spring, is rigidly attached to the middle section of its cross bar 4l on the inside of the U crossbar of the bracket leg 25, for example by spot welding and penetrated by the actuator 30.
  • the approximately U-shaped mutually curved bracket legs 42 of the spring 39 are so biased inserted into the housing 2 that they are precisely secured in their position on the one hand by multiple contact on surfaces lying at an angle and on the other hand are biased so that the bracket crossbar 4l even with release from the transmission member 9 still has a certain bias towards the other end of the transmission member 9.
  • the other, much stronger spring 40 is designed as a helical compression spring lying in the central axis 18, which surrounds the adjusting member 34 and is supported on the one hand between the U-legs on the bracket leg 26 and on the other hand on an opposite inner surface of the housing 2.
  • This area is penetrated by an opening 43 provided in the associated housing wall facing away from the temperature sensor 6, which connects to the housing cover 3 and through which the adjusting member 34 is accessible from the outside at any time for readjustment.
  • the spring 40 presses the transmission member 9 or the spherically curved end face of the intermediate member 29 against the inner rod 8 and acts together with the spring 39 as a linear guide for the transmission member 9.
  • the switch supports l3, l4 and the counterparts l9, 20 carrying, made of sheet metal fasteners, the flange plate l0, the springs 39, 40 and the transmission member 9 are inserted from the open side of the housing 2 after removal of the housing cover 3 in corresponding openings and thereby essentially aligned and secured in position, so that essentially no separate fastening parts are required.
  • a web-shaped projection of the housing which extends essentially up to the housing cover 3 and against which these ends of the switch carriers l3, l4 abut, these ends serving to support the snap springs when the switches are open.
  • the lying on the other side of the transmission member 9 areas of the switch carrier l3, l4 are each provided with a protruding to the other switch carrier profile 45, which engages in a corresponding recess in the associated slot of the housing 2, so that the respective switch carrier also in its longitudinal direction is precisely aligned.
  • the housing 2 For the positive reception of a profile edge of the flange plate 10 lying adjacent to the temperature sensor 6, the housing 2 has a correspondingly profiled holding slot 44.
  • the flange plate 10 is provided with a rivet or the like. attached to the housing 2.
  • the inner rod 8 which is designed as a pressure rod, is shortened relative to the outer tube 7, so that the signal switch 4 according to FIG. 1 closes, for example at a temperature of about 60 °, and thereby switches on an optical or similar hot indicator which indicates that the cooking unit o . Like. must not be touched.
  • the actuator 30 lifts off the actuation point 3l and finally the circuit breaker 5 is opened at the set maximum temperature and the heating is thereby switched off.
  • the two switching points are adjusted via the adjusting elements 12, 34 located in a central axis 18.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)

Abstract

In a thermal cut-out for a heating means, e.g. a glass ceramic cooking unit, a signal switch and a circuit breaker are operated by means of a temperature sensor via a transfer member externally surrounding the switches and whereof the actuating member thereof located further from the temperature sensor is formed by an adjusting member, so that with the latter and also an adjusting member directly associated with the temperature sensor, a very precise setting is made possible. The transfer member is suspended in contact-free manner between oppositely acting springs and is therefore mounted in a substantially frictionless manner.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Temperaturbegrenzer für eine Beheizung, insbesondere eine Glaskeramik-Kocheinheit, mit einem im wesentlichen stabförmigen, ein Außenrohr und einen darin liegenden Innenstab mit abweichendem Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisenden Temperaturfühler, der zur Betätigung eines in einem Sockel angeordneten Signalschalters und eines ebenfalls im Sockel angeordneten Leistungsschalters zur Abschaltung der Beheizung bei einer vorbestimmten Höchsttemperatur vorgesehen ist, wobei ein an das sockelseitige Ende des Innenstabes anschließendes Übertragungsglied mit Betätigungsgliedern an Betätigungsstellen beider Schalter angreift, die in axialer Verlängerung des Innenstabes liegen.The invention relates to a temperature limiter for a heater, in particular a glass ceramic cooking unit, with an essentially rod-shaped temperature sensor having an outer tube and an inner rod therein with a different expansion coefficient, for actuating a signal switch arranged in a base and a circuit breaker likewise arranged in the base is provided for switching off the heating at a predetermined maximum temperature, a transmission element adjoining the base-side end of the inner rod engaging actuators at actuation points of both switches which lie in the axial extension of the inner rod.

Durch die DE-OS 34 23 086 ist ein Temperaturbegrenzer dieser Art bekanntgeworden, bei welchem das Übertragungsglied, das von einem als Zugstab ausgebildeten Innenstab beeinflußt wird, in Form eines Betätigungsstößels durch Bohrungen der Schalter hindurchgeführt und an beiden Enden von außen unzugänglich abgedeckt ist. Die Betätigungsglieder sind durch die Endfläche eines schlankeren Stößelteiles und die Schulterfläche eines im Durchmesser größeren Stößelteiles gebildet, deren Abstand voneinander starr festliegt, so daß eine Relativjustierung durch unmittelbare Abstandsänderung zwischen diesen beiden Betätigungsgliedern nicht möglich ist. Für eine von der Justierung des Leistungsschalters unabhängige Justierung des Signalschalters muß daher beispielsweise das, einen Gegenkontakt dieses Schalters tragende, Ende einer Anschlußfahne verbogen werden, wodurch kaum eine genaue Justierung erfolgen kann. Hierfür werden zwar auch andere Justiermaßnahmen bzw. -einrichtungen, wie verstellbare Schrauben, Quetschbleche o.dgl. vorgeschlagen, jedoch kann dadurch der Relativabstand zwischen den Betätigungsgliedern nicht verändert werden. Durch die DE-OS 33 33 645 ist ein Temperaturbegrenzer bekanntgeworden, bei welchem der eine Schalter über einen Untersetzungshebel vom Innenstab betätigt wird, wodurch jedoch am Arbeitspunkt bei ca. 540 °C äußerst geringe Betätigungswege gegeben sind, wenn die Temperaturamplitude entsprechend gering gewählt wird, so daß dann die genaue Temperaturbegrenzung beeinträchtigt sein kann. Bei dieser Ausbildung kann jedoch der Abstand der beiden Betätigungsglieder zueinander recht genau justiert werden.From DE-OS 34 23 086 a temperature limiter of this type has become known, in which the transmission member, which is influenced by an inner rod designed as a tension rod, is passed through holes in the switch in the form of an actuating plunger and on both ends are covered inaccessible from the outside. The actuators are formed by the end face of a slimmer tappet part and the shoulder surface of a tappet part which is larger in diameter, the distance from which is rigidly fixed, so that a relative adjustment by a direct change in distance between these two actuators is not possible. For an adjustment of the signal switch that is independent of the adjustment of the circuit breaker, the end of a connecting lug, for example, bearing a counter contact of this switch, must therefore be bent, as a result of which an exact adjustment can scarcely be carried out. Other adjustment measures or devices, such as adjustable screws, baffle plates or the like, are also used for this. Proposed, however, the relative distance between the actuators can not be changed. From DE-OS 33 33 645 a temperature limiter has become known, in which the one switch is actuated by a reduction lever from the inner rod, whereby however at the working point at approx. 540 ° C there are extremely short actuation paths if the temperature amplitude is chosen to be correspondingly low, so that the exact temperature limit can then be impaired. With this design, however, the distance between the two actuators can be adjusted quite accurately.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Temperaturbegrenzer der genannten Art, insbesondere für zweikreisige Strahlheizkörper, zu schaffen, der bei einfachem und übersichtlichem Aufbau einerseits relativ große Betätigungswege aufweist und andererseits eine Relativjustierung zwischen den beiden Betätigungsgliedern ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide a temperature limiter of the type mentioned, in particular for dual-circuit radiant heaters, which on the one hand has relatively large actuation paths with a simple and clear structure and on the other hand enables relative adjustment between the two actuators.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Temperaturbegrenzer der eingangs beschriebenen Art gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß wenigstens eines der Betätigungsglieder mit einer am Übertragungsglied vorgesehenen Justiereinrichtung verbunden ist, über die der gegenseitige Abstand der Betätigungsglieder gegeneinander veränderbar ist. Obwohl also die Betätigungsglieder bzw. Betätigungsstellen etwa in Arbeitsrichtung der Betätigungsglieder linear hintereinander, vorzugsweise in Verlängerung des Innenstabes liegen, ist trotz dieser raumsparenden und relativ große Betätigungswege gewährleistenden Ausbildung auch eine Abstandsjustierung zwischen den beiden Betätigungsgliedern möglich, wobei insbesondere in Verbindung mit einer Justiereinrichtung für den Innenstab eine sehr differenzierte genaue Einstellung beider Schalter des Temperaturbegrenzers gewährleistet ist.This object is achieved in a temperature limiter of the type described at the outset according to the invention in that at least one of the actuating members is connected to an adjusting device provided on the transmission member, by means of which the mutual spacing of the actuating members can be changed from one another. Although the actuators or actuation points are linearly one behind the other, preferably in the working direction of the actuators, preferably in an extension of the inner rod, despite this space-saving and relatively large actuation path configuration, a distance adjustment between the two actuators is also possible, in particular in connection with an adjustment device for the Inner rod a very differentiated precise setting of both switches of the temperature limiter is guaranteed.

Bei einer sehr einfachen Ausführungsform ist ein Betätigungsglied unmittelbar durch ein etwa in der Verlängerung des Innenstab liegendes Justierglied, insbesondere eine Justierschraube gebildet, die bei geringem Raumbedarf sehr leicht von außen zugänglich angeordnet werden kann, so daß jederzeit eine Nachjustierung möglich ist. Dies ist insbesondere der Fall, wenn die Justiereinrichtung dem vom Innenstab entfernten Betätigungsglied zugeordnet ist.In a very simple embodiment, an actuating member is formed directly by an adjusting member lying approximately in the extension of the inner rod, in particular an adjusting screw, which can be arranged very easily accessible from the outside with little space requirement, so that readjustment is possible at any time. This is particularly the case if the adjusting device is assigned to the actuating element which is removed from the inner rod.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildung eines Temperaturbegrenzers der beschriebenen Art, besteht darin, daß das im wesentlichen linear bewegbare Übertragungsglied frei federnd, insbesondere gegenüber dem Sockel berührungsfrei, aufgehängt ist, so daß auf das Übertragungsglied keinerlei Reibungskräfte einer Lagerung wirken und daher ein äußerst präzises Schalten gewährleistet ist.A particularly advantageous development of a temperature limiter of the type described consists in that the essentially linearly movable transmission element is suspended in a freely resilient manner, in particular in a contact-free manner with respect to the base, so that the transmission element does not have any frictional forces in a bearing and therefore extremely precise switching is guaranteed.

Die Anordnung ist dabei erfindungsgemäß zweckmäßig so getroffen, daß mindestens eine Feder das Übertragungsglied nach Art einer Hebelführung in seiner genau ausgerichteten Lage hält und über den Betätigungsweg unter Aufrechterhaltung dieser Lage führt, wofür insbesondere eine beiderseits des Übertragungsgliedes im Gehäuse des Temperaturbegrenzers eingespannte Blattfeder geeignet ist, welche zwischen ihren Einspannstellen starr, beispielsweise durch Nieten, Punktschweißung o.dgl., am Übertragungsglied befestigt ist.The arrangement according to the invention is expediently such that at least one spring holds the transmission member in its precisely aligned position in the manner of a lever guide and leads over the actuation path while maintaining this position, for which purpose a leaf spring clamped on both sides of the transmission member in the housing of the temperature limiter is suitable, which is rigidly attached to the transmission member between its clamping points, for example by rivets, spot welding or the like.

Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist das Übertragungsglied als die Schalter durchdringungsfrei umgehende, insbesondere bügelförmige Brücke ausgebildet, so daß, weil keine Durchdringungsöffnungen in den Schaltern erforderlich sind, übliche Schalter ohne jegliche Veränderung verwendet werden können und auch keine Schwächungen an den Schalterteilen infolge von Durchdringungsöffnungen befürchtet werden müssen. Außerdem können dadurch auf besonders einfache Weise die Betätigungsglieder an den voneinander abgekehrten Seiten der Schalter vorgesehen und dadurch sehr leicht zugänglich angeordnet sein. Im Falle der Ausbildung der Schalter als Schnappschalter liegen dabei deren Schnappfedern an ihren voreinander abgekehrten Seiten, d.h., daß die beiden Schalter spiegelsymmetrisch zu einer zwischen ihnen liegenden Mittelebene angeordnet sein können.According to a further feature of the invention, the transmission element is designed as a penetration-free, in particular bow-shaped bridge, so that, because no penetration openings are required in the switches, conventional switches can be used without any change and also no weakening of the switch parts as a result of penetration openings must be feared. In addition, the actuators can be provided in a particularly simple manner on the sides of the switches facing away from one another and can therefore be arranged so that they are easily accessible. In the case of the design of the switches as snap switches, their snap springs lie on their sides facing away from one another, ie that the two switches can be arranged mirror-symmetrically to a central plane lying between them.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weisen die Schalter, insbesondere deren Schnappfedern, unterschiedliche Schaltdifferenzen auf, wobei vorzugsweise die Schaltdifferenz des Signal-Schalters wesentlich kleiner bzw. möglichst klein ist, während die Schaltfeder für den Leistungsschalter aufgrund ihrer thermischen Belastung durch Eigenerwärmung anderen Gesetzmäßigkeiten unterliegt. Dies ist insbesondere der Fall, wenn der Leistungsschalter näher beim Temperaturfühler vorgesehen ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, the switches, in particular their snap springs, have different switching differences, the switching difference of the signal switch preferably being substantially smaller or as small as possible, while the switching spring for the circuit breaker is subject to other laws due to its thermal load due to self-heating. This is particularly the case if the circuit breaker is provided closer to the temperature sensor.

Diese und weitere Merkmale von bevorzugten Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen auch aus der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen hervor, wobei die einzelnen Merkmale jeweils für sich allein oder zu mehreren in Form von Unterkombinationen bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung und auf anderen Gebieten verwirklicht sein können. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. l
einen erfindungsgemäßen Temperaturbegrenzer in Ansicht bei geöffnetem Gehäuse,
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt nach der Linie II-II in Fig. l,
Fig. 3
den Temperaturbegrenzer in Ansicht auf die Rückseite.
These and further features of preferred developments of the invention are also apparent from the description and the drawings, the individual features being able to be implemented individually or in groups in the form of sub-combinations in one embodiment of the invention and in other fields. An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is explained in more detail below. The drawings show:
Fig. L
a temperature limiter according to the invention in view with the housing open,
Fig. 2
a section along the line II-II in Fig. l,
Fig. 3
the temperature limiter in view on the back.

Der in den Fig. l bis 3 dargestellte Temperaturbegrenzer l weist ein an seiner Vorderseite zu öffnendes und mit einem plattenförmig ebenen Gehäusedeckel 3 verschließbares Gehäuse 2 aus Isolationswerkstoff auf, in welchem unmittelbar benachbart zueinander und hintereinander ein Leistungsschalter 5 und ein Signalschalter 4 in Form von im wesentlichen gleich ausgebildeten Schnappschaltern angeordnet sind. An dem als Sockel dienenden Gehäuse 2 ist ein stabförmiger, geradliniger Temperaturfühler 6 befestigt, der im wesentlichen aus einem aus Metall bestehenden Außenrohr 7 und einem in diesem berührungsfrei angeordneten Innenstab 8 besteht. Das Außenrohr 7 ist mit seinem beim Gehäuse 2 liegenden, zu einem Ringbund geformten Ende an der Innenseite einer vom Außenrohr 7 in einem Ringflansch zentriert durchsetzten Flanschplatte l0 angeordnet, welche an dem Gehäuse 2 befestigt und einteilig mit einer vom Gehäuse abstehenden, abgekröpften Befestigungsplatte ll ausgebildet ist. Der Innenstab 8 ist innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 mit seinem zugehörigen Ende an einem frei federnd aufgehängten Übertragungsglied 9 abgestützt und liegt mit seinem anderen Ende an einem Justierglied l2 an, das in Form einer Stiftschraube in einem Innengewinde im zugehörigen Ende des Außenrohres 7 verstellbar und selbsthemmend festsetzbar geführt ist.The temperature limiter 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a housing cover 3 that can be opened on its front side and closed with a plate-shaped flat cover Housing 2 made of insulation material, in which a circuit breaker 5 and a signal switch 4 in the form of snap-action switches of essentially the same design are arranged directly adjacent to one another and one behind the other. A rod-shaped, rectilinear temperature sensor 6 is attached to the housing 2 serving as a base and essentially consists of an outer tube 7 consisting of metal and an inner rod 8 arranged in a contact-free manner therein. The outer tube 7, with its end lying in the housing 2 and shaped into an annular collar, is arranged on the inside of a flange plate 10 which is penetrated by the outer tube 7 in a ring flange and which is fastened to the housing 2 and formed in one piece with a cranked fastening plate 11 projecting from the housing is. The inner rod 8 is supported within the housing 2 with its associated end on a freely resiliently suspended transmission member 9 and is at its other end against an adjusting member l2, which is adjustable and self-locking in the form of a stud screw in an internal thread in the associated end of the outer tube 7 is led.

Die beiden Schalter 4, 5 weisen jeweils einen in etwa gleich als Stanzbiegeteil ausgebildeten, streifenförmigen Schalterträger l3 bzw. l4 auf, der jeweils mit einer durch eine Blattfeder gebildeten Schnappfeder bestückt ist, die an ihrem freien Ende einen Schaltkontakt l7 trägt bzw. bildet. Die beiden Schalterträger l3, l4 sind einschließlich ihrer Schnappfedern l5, l6 im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch zu einer zur Mittelachse l8 des Temperaturfühlers 6 bzw. zur Betätigungsrichtung rechtwinkligen Mittelebene derart angeordnet, daß die Schnappfedern l5, l6 an den voneinander abgekehrten Seiten der Schalterträger l3, l4 liegen. Den Schaltkontakten sind gehäusefeste Gegenkontakte l9, 20 zugeordnet, welche Bestandteil von bzw. elektrisch leitend mit vom Gehäuse abstehenden Anschlußfahnen 2l, 22 verbunden sind. Entsprechende Anschlußfahnen 23, 24 sind auch mit den Schalterträgern l3, l4 elektrisch leitend verbunden, bzw. im Falle des Schalterträgers l4, einteilig mit diesem ausgebildet. Die beiden Anschlußfahnen 2l, 23 des einen Schalters 4 stehen über eine Schmalseite des Gehäuses 2 vor, während die Anschlußfahnen 22, 24 des anderen Schalters 5 über die gegenüberliegende Schmalseite des Gehäuses 2 vorstehen. Der Gegenkontakt l9 des Signalschalters 4 ist als schneidenartige Kontaktspitze ausgebildet, die unmittelbar, d.h. ohne gesonderten Schaltkontakt, mit einem Endabschnitt der zugehörigen Schnappfeder l5 elektrisch leitend zusammenwirkt. Dieser Gegenkontakt l9 ist zweckmäßig einteilig aus Blech mit der zugehörigen Anschlußfahne 2l ausgebildet.The two switches 4, 5 each have a strip-shaped switch carrier l3 or l4, which is approximately the same as a stamped and bent part and is each equipped with a snap spring formed by a leaf spring, which carries or forms a switching contact l7 at its free end. The two switch supports l3, l4, including their snap springs l5, l6, are arranged essentially mirror-symmetrically to a central plane perpendicular to the central axis l8 of the temperature sensor 6 or to the actuation direction in such a way that the snap springs l5, l6 on the sides facing away from one another Sides of the switch supports l3, l4. The switching contacts are assigned to counter-contacts l9, 20 which are fixed to the housing and are connected as a component of or electrically conductively to terminal lugs 2l, 22 projecting from the housing. Corresponding terminal lugs 23, 24 are also electrically conductively connected to the switch carriers l3, l4, or, in the case of the switch carrier l4, are formed in one piece therewith. The two connecting lugs 2l, 23 of the one switch 4 protrude from a narrow side of the housing 2, while the connecting lugs 22, 24 of the other switch 5 protrude from the opposite narrow side of the housing 2. The counter-contact l9 of the signal switch 4 is designed as a cutting-like contact tip, which directly, ie without a separate switching contact, cooperates in an electrically conductive manner with an end section of the associated snap spring l5. This counter contact l9 is expediently formed in one piece from sheet metal with the associated terminal lug 2l.

Das Übertragungsglied 9 ist nach Art eines frei aufgehängten, linear bewegbar gelagerten Übertragungsstabes als U-förmiger Bügel bzw. Brücke ausgebildet, der seinerseits sowohl im Bereich der Bügelschenkel 25, 26 als auch im Bereich des zum Temperaturfühler 6 parallelen Bügelquersteges U-Querschnitte mit nach außen gerichteten U-Schenkeln hat, so daß er beispielsweise aus relativ dünnem Blech hergestellt werden kann und trotzdem eine sehr hohe Festigkeit hat. Der Bügel-Quersteg 28 liegt an der von der offenen Gehäuseseite abgekehrten Seite der Schalter 4, 5 in einer entsprechenden Vertiefung im Gehäuseboden, welche in Vertiefungen für die Aufnahme der Schnappfedern und Kontakte sowie von Tragfedern übergeht. Zur Abstützung des Innenstabes 8 an der Außenseite des zugehörigen Bügelschenkels 25 trägt letzterer ein bolzenförmiges Zwischenglied 29, dessen Kopf zwischen den U-Schenkeln 27 an der Außenseite des Bügelschenkels 25 anliegt und der mit einem im Durchmesser reduzierten Schaftabschnitt den Bügelschenkel 25 durchsetzt, wobei dieser Schaftabschnitt mit seinem freien Ende ein in der Mittelachse liegendes Betätigungsglied 30 für den näher beim Temperaturfühler 6 liegenden Signalschalter 4 bildet. Dem Betätigungsglied 30 ist zwischen ihren Einspannstellen an der zugehörigen Schnappfeder l5 eine noppenförmige Betätigungsstelle 3l zugeordnet, an welcher das Betätigungsglied 30 mit seiner Stirnfläche anliegt. An der Innenseite des anderen Bügelschenkels 26 ist ebenfalls ein Betätigungsglied 32 vorgesehen, das durch das zugehörige Ende eines als Justierschraube ausgebildeten Justiergliedes 34 gebildet ist, welches in der Mittelachse l8 des Temperaturfühlers 6 liegt und in einer einteilig mit dem Bügelschenkel 26 ausgebildeten, nach außen vorstehenden Innengewindemuffe 35 mit einem Außengewinde verstellbar und durch Selbsthemmung festsetzbar geführt ist. Das Betätigungsglied 32 wirkt über eine Betätigungsstelle 33 eines Zwischengliedes 36 auf eine noppenförmige Betätigungsstelle 37, die ebenfalls zwischen den Einspannzonen an der zugehörigen Seite der Schnappfeder l6 vorgesehen ist. Die Zwischenglieder 29, 36 bestehen zweckmäßig aus Isolierwerkstoff. Das Zwischenglied 36 ist unabhängig vom Betätigungsglied 32 unmittelbar am Übertragungsglied 9 in Betätigungsrichtung monostabil federnd dadurch gelagert, daß es an einem frei zwischen das Betätigungsglied 32 und die Betätigungsstelle 37 auskragenden Schenkel einer an der Innenseite des Bügelquersteges 28 befestigten, winkelförmigen Federlasche 38 angeordnet ist.The transmission member 9 is designed in the manner of a freely suspended, linearly movably mounted transmission rod as a U-shaped bracket or bridge, which in turn has U-sections both in the area of the bracket legs 25, 26 and in the area of the bracket crosspiece parallel to the temperature sensor 6 has directed U-legs, so that it can be made, for example, of relatively thin sheet metal and still has a very high strength. The bow crossbar 28 is located on the side of the switches 4, 5 facing away from the open housing side in a corresponding recess in the housing base, which merges into recesses for receiving the snap springs and contacts and from the suspension springs. To support the inner rod 8 on the outside of the associated bracket leg 25, the latter carries a bolt-shaped intermediate member 29, the head of which rests between the U-legs 27 on the outside of the stirrup leg 25 and which passes through the stirrup leg 25 with a reduced-diameter shank section, this shank section with its free end an actuating member 30 lying in the central axis for the closer at the temperature sensor 6 lying signal switch 4 forms. Between its clamping points on the associated snap spring l5, the actuating element 30 is assigned a knob-shaped actuating point 3l, against which the actuating element 30 rests with its end face. On the inside of the other stirrup leg 26 there is also an actuating member 32 which is formed by the associated end of an adjusting member 34 designed as an adjusting screw, which lies in the central axis 18 of the temperature sensor 6 and which projects outward in one piece with the stirrup leg 26 Internal thread sleeve 35 is adjustable with an external thread and is guided by self-locking. The actuating member 32 acts via an actuating point 33 of an intermediate member 36 on a knob-shaped actuating point 37, which is also provided between the clamping zones on the associated side of the snap spring 16. The intermediate members 29, 36 suitably consist of insulating material. The intermediate member 36 is mounted independently of the actuator 32 directly on the transmission member 9 in the actuating direction in a resilient manner in that it is arranged on a leg which projects freely between the actuator 32 and the actuating point 37 of an angular spring tab 38 fastened to the inside of the crosspiece 28 of the bracket.

Zur frei aufgehängten, schwimmenden Lagerung des Übertragungsgliedes 9, dessen Bügelschenkel 25, 26 die Schalter 4, 5 an ihren voneinander abgekehrten Seiten übergreifen, sind zwei im Abstand voneinanderliegende, entgegengesetzt wirkende Federn 39, 40 vorgesehen. Die näher beim Temperaturfühler 6 liegende, als bügelförmige Blattfeder ausgebildete Feder 39 ist mit dem Mittelabschnitt ihres Bügel-Quersteges 4l an der Innenseite des U-Quersteges des Bügelschenkels 25 starr, beispielsweise durch Punktschweißung befestigt und vom Betätigungsglied 30 durchsetzt. Die annähernd U-förmig gegeneinander gerichtet gekrümmten Bügelschenkel 42 der Feder 39 sind so vorgespannt in das Gehäuse 2 eingesetzt, daß sie einerseits durch mehrfache Anlage an im Winkel zueinanderliegenden Flächen in ihrer Lage genau gesichert und andererseits so vorgespannt sind, daß der Bügel-Quersteg 4l auch bei Freigabe vom Übertragungsglied 9 noch eine gewisse Vorspannung in Richtung zum anderen Ende des Übertragungsgliedes 9 hat. Die andere, wesentlich kräftigere Feder 40 ist als in der Mittelachse l8 liegende Schraubendruckfeder ausgebildet, welche das Justierglied 34 umgibt und einerseits zwischen den U-Schenkeln am Bügelschenkel 26 und andererseits an einer gegenüberliegenden Innenfläche des Gehäuses 2 abgestützt ist. Diese Fläche ist von einer in der zugehörigen, vom Temperaturfühler 6 abgekehrten Gehäusewandung vorgesehenen Öffnung 43 durchsetzt, welche an den Gehäusedeckel 3 anschließt und durch welche das Justierglied 34 von außen her jederzeit zum Nachjustieren zugänglich ist. Die Feder 40 drückt das Übertragungsglied 9 bzw. die ballig gekrümmte Stirnfläche des Zwischengliedes 29 gegen den Innenstab 8 und wirkt zusammen mit der Feder 39 als Linearführung für das Übertragungsglied 9.For the freely suspended, floating mounting of the transmission element 9, the bracket legs 25, 26 of which overlap the switches 4, 5 on their sides facing away from one another, two springs 39, 40 which act in opposite directions and are at a distance from one another are provided. The spring 39, which is closer to the temperature sensor 6 and is designed as a bow-shaped leaf spring, is rigidly attached to the middle section of its cross bar 4l on the inside of the U crossbar of the bracket leg 25, for example by spot welding and penetrated by the actuator 30. The approximately U-shaped mutually curved bracket legs 42 of the spring 39 are so biased inserted into the housing 2 that they are precisely secured in their position on the one hand by multiple contact on surfaces lying at an angle and on the other hand are biased so that the bracket crossbar 4l even with release from the transmission member 9 still has a certain bias towards the other end of the transmission member 9. The other, much stronger spring 40 is designed as a helical compression spring lying in the central axis 18, which surrounds the adjusting member 34 and is supported on the one hand between the U-legs on the bracket leg 26 and on the other hand on an opposite inner surface of the housing 2. This area is penetrated by an opening 43 provided in the associated housing wall facing away from the temperature sensor 6, which connects to the housing cover 3 and through which the adjusting member 34 is accessible from the outside at any time for readjustment. The spring 40 presses the transmission member 9 or the spherically curved end face of the intermediate member 29 against the inner rod 8 and acts together with the spring 39 as a linear guide for the transmission member 9.

Die Schalterträger l3, l4 sowie die die Gegenkontakte l9, 20 tragenden, aus Blech bestehenden Befestigungsteile, die Flanschplatte l0, die Federn 39, 40 und das Übertragungsglied 9 sind von der nach Abnahme des Gehäusedeckels 3 offenen Seite des Gehäuses 2 her in entsprechende Öffnungen eingesetzt und dadurch im wesentlichen ausgerichtet und lagegesichert, so daß im wesentlichen keine gesonderten Befestigungsteile erforderlich sind. Zwischen den den Schaltkontakten zugehörigen Enden der Schalterträger l3, l4 liegt ein stegförmiger, im wesentlichen bis zum Gehäusedeckel 3 reichender Vorsprung des Gehäuses, an welchem diese Enden der Schalterträger l3, l4 anliegen, wobei diese Enden zur Abstützung der Schnappfedern bei geöffneten Schaltern dienen. Die auf der anderen Seite des Übertragungsgliedes 9 liegenden Bereiche der Schalterträger l3, l4 sind jeweils mit einer zum anderen Schalterträger vorstehenden Profilausprägung 45 versehen, welche in eine entsprechende Vertiefung im zugehörigen Steckschlitz des Gehäuses 2 eingreift, so daß der jeweilige Schalterträger auch in sei ner Längsrichtung genau ausgerichtet ist. Für die formschlüssige Aufnahme eines benachbart zum Temperaturfühler 6 liegenden Profilrandes der Flanschplatte l0 weist das Gehäuse 2 einen entsprechend profilierten Halteschlitz 44 auf. Auf der von diesem Halteschlitz 44 abgekehrten Seite des Temperaturfühlers 6 ist die Flanschplatte l0 mit einem Niet o.dgl. am Gehäuse 2 befestigt.The switch supports l3, l4 and the counterparts l9, 20 carrying, made of sheet metal fasteners, the flange plate l0, the springs 39, 40 and the transmission member 9 are inserted from the open side of the housing 2 after removal of the housing cover 3 in corresponding openings and thereby essentially aligned and secured in position, so that essentially no separate fastening parts are required. Between the ends of the switch carriers l3, l4 associated with the switch contacts is a web-shaped projection of the housing, which extends essentially up to the housing cover 3 and against which these ends of the switch carriers l3, l4 abut, these ends serving to support the snap springs when the switches are open. The lying on the other side of the transmission member 9 areas of the switch carrier l3, l4 are each provided with a protruding to the other switch carrier profile 45, which engages in a corresponding recess in the associated slot of the housing 2, so that the respective switch carrier also in its longitudinal direction is precisely aligned. For the positive reception of a profile edge of the flange plate 10 lying adjacent to the temperature sensor 6, the housing 2 has a correspondingly profiled holding slot 44. On the side of the temperature sensor 6 facing away from this holding slot 44, the flange plate 10 is provided with a rivet or the like. attached to the housing 2.

Bei Temperaturerhöhungen wird der als Druckstab ausgebildete Innenstab 8 relativ zum Außenrohr 7 verkürzt, so daß der Signalschalter 4 entsprechend Fig. l, beispielsweise bei einer Temperatur von etwa 60° schließt und dadurch eine optische oder ähnliche Heißanzeige einschaltet, welche anzeigt, daß die Kocheinheit o.dgl. nicht berührt werden darf. Bei weiterer Temperaturerhöhung hebt das Betätigungsglied 30 von der Betätigungsstelle 3l ab und schließlich wird bei der eingestellten Höchsttemperatur der Leistungsschalter 5 geöffnet und dadurch die Beheizung abgeschaltet. Die Justierung der beiden Schaltpunkte erfolgt über die in einer Mittelachse l8 liegenden Justierglieder l2, 34.When the temperature rises, the inner rod 8, which is designed as a pressure rod, is shortened relative to the outer tube 7, so that the signal switch 4 according to FIG. 1 closes, for example at a temperature of about 60 °, and thereby switches on an optical or similar hot indicator which indicates that the cooking unit o . Like. must not be touched. When the temperature rises further, the actuator 30 lifts off the actuation point 3l and finally the circuit breaker 5 is opened at the set maximum temperature and the heating is thereby switched off. The two switching points are adjusted via the adjusting elements 12, 34 located in a central axis 18.

Claims (10)

  1. Thermal cut-out (1) for a heating means, particularly a glass ceramic cooking unit, with a substantially rod-like temperature sensor (6) having an outer tube (7) and an inner tube (8) located therein and having differing expansion coefficients, said sensor being used for operating a signal switch (4) located in a base (2) and a power switch (5) also located in the latter for switching off the heating means at a predetermineded maximum temperature, a transfer member (9) connected to the base-side end of the inner rod (8) engaging with actuating members (30, 32) on actuating points (31, 37) of both switches (4, 5), which are located in the axial extension of the inner rod (8), characterized in that at least one of the actuating members (32) is connected to an adjusting device provided on the transfer member (9) and by means of which the reciprocal spacing of the actuating members (30, 32) can be modified.
  2. Thermal cut-out according to claim 1, characterized in that an actuating member (32) is directly formed by an adjusting member (34), particularly an adjusting screw, located roughly in the extension of the inner rod (8).
  3. Thermal cut-out according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the adjusting device is located on the actuating member (32) remote from the inner rod (8).
  4. Thermal cut-out according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the substantially linearly movable transfer member (9) is suspended in a freely resilient manner and is in particular contact-free relative to the base (2).
  5. Thermal cut-out according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the transfer member (9) is mounted between two oppositely acting springs (39, 40), which in particular as compression springs act directly on the transfer member (9) and whereof preferably at least one spring (39, 40) and in particular both springs are located in the vicinity of one end of the transfer member (9) and preferably the spring (40) remote from the inner rod (8) is supported on an associated end face of the transfer member (9) and is in particular constructed as a helical spring surrounding the adjusting member (34) and/or the spring (39) located closer to the inner rod (8) is constructed in particular as a bow-shaped leaf spring, which is preferably constructed as a guide for the transfer member (9).
  6. Thermal cut-out according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transfer member (9) is constructed as an in particular bow-shaped bridge surrounding in penetration-free manner the switches (4, 5) and/or that the actuating member (30, 32) are placed in oppositely directed manner on the transfer member (9) and in particular on its bow legs (25, 26) and preferably the spring (39) located closer to the inner rod (8) is feed on the side of the transfer member (9) remote from said rod (8) and in particular by a bow cross-web (41) or is traversed by the associated actuating member (30).
  7. Thermal cut-out according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the actuating member (32) adjustably located on the transfer member (9) and the actuating point (37) of the associated switch (5) is provided an insulating intermediate member (36), which is fixed in freely projecting manner on the transfer member (9) in particular with a spring clip (38) or the like and independently of the actuating member (32) and/or that at least one actuating point (31, 37) is provided directly on a snap-action spring (15, 16) of the associated switch (4, 5) constructed as a snap-action switch and in particular the two switches (4, 5) are arranged with oppositely positioned snap-action springs (15, 16).
  8. Thermal cut-out according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switches (4, 5) and in particular their snap-action springs (15, 16) have different switching differences, so that preferably the switching difference of the signal switch (4) is much smaller.
  9. Thermal cut-out according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch (5) remote from the inner rod (8) and/or associated with the actuating member (32) adjustably positioned on the transfer member (9) is in the form of a power switch.
  10. Thermal cut-out according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner rod (8) is in the form of a pressure rod and is preferably supported in the vicinity of its base-remote end on an adjusting member (12).
EP86115496A 1985-11-14 1986-11-08 Temperature limiter Expired - Lifetime EP0225490B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86115496T ATE65343T1 (en) 1985-11-14 1986-11-08 TEMPERATURE LIMITERS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853540414 DE3540414A1 (en) 1985-11-14 1985-11-14 TEMPERATURE LIMITERS
DE3540414 1985-11-14

Publications (3)

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EP0225490A2 EP0225490A2 (en) 1987-06-16
EP0225490A3 EP0225490A3 (en) 1988-09-14
EP0225490B1 true EP0225490B1 (en) 1991-07-17

Family

ID=6285988

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86115496A Expired - Lifetime EP0225490B1 (en) 1985-11-14 1986-11-08 Temperature limiter

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4695816A (en)
EP (1) EP0225490B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0775137B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE65343T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3540414A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2022804B3 (en)
YU (1) YU193186A (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0225490A2 (en) 1987-06-16
ES2022804B3 (en) 1991-12-16
EP0225490A3 (en) 1988-09-14
DE3540414A1 (en) 1987-05-21
US4695816A (en) 1987-09-22
YU193186A (en) 1988-10-31
DE3680301D1 (en) 1991-08-22
JPS62165823A (en) 1987-07-22
ATE65343T1 (en) 1991-08-15
JPH0775137B2 (en) 1995-08-09

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