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EP0222786A1 - Cyclotron. - Google Patents

Cyclotron.

Info

Publication number
EP0222786A1
EP0222786A1 EP86902291A EP86902291A EP0222786A1 EP 0222786 A1 EP0222786 A1 EP 0222786A1 EP 86902291 A EP86902291 A EP 86902291A EP 86902291 A EP86902291 A EP 86902291A EP 0222786 A1 EP0222786 A1 EP 0222786A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cyclotron
sectors
hills
valleys
air gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86902291A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0222786B1 (en
Inventor
Yves Jongen
Guido Ryckewaert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universite Catholique de Louvain UCL
Original Assignee
Universite Catholique de Louvain UCL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universite Catholique de Louvain UCL filed Critical Universite Catholique de Louvain UCL
Priority to AT86902291T priority Critical patent/ATE54531T1/en
Publication of EP0222786A1 publication Critical patent/EP0222786A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0222786B1 publication Critical patent/EP0222786B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a conventional cyclotron of a new design which makes it possible to significantly reduce the energy requirements.
  • cyclotrons using superconductive coils superconductive cyclotrons
  • cyclotrons using non-superconductive coils conventional cyclotrons
  • superconductive cyclotrons do not use electrical power to maintain the magnetic field necessary for the acceleration of particles.
  • the technology of superconducting coils and associated cryogenics remains complex and expensive.
  • these coils require liquid helium as the coolant.
  • each separate sector is equipped with a pair of coils. These coils are of complex shape (sector-shaped) and, to free the free space between the sectors, they must be of minimum section.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new type of non-superconductive cyclotron where the electrical power required to produce the magnetic field is much lower than in the above-mentioned conventional cyclotrons, namely the "compact" cyclotron and the cyclotron. "with separate sectors”.
  • This object can be achieved by a new magnetic structure where there is a small air gap, which reduces the number of amps / turn required, but also a pair of essentially circular coils and of large sec ⁇ tion, which reduces the current density and therefore the electrical power required to produce the number of amps / turn required.
  • Another object of the invention is to avoid in the new structure the mechanical complexity inherent in so-called "separate sector” cyclotrons.
  • This new structure specific to the conventional cyclotron according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least three sectors called “hills” where the air gap is reduced to a dimension close to that of the accelerated beam and where the magnetic flux is essentially concentrated, separated by spaces in the form of a sector called “valleys", where the air gap is very large (for example, but not limited to, where the air gap is of the order of 30 times that of the hills), so that * the magnetic flux is essentially zero and by a single pair of essentially circular coils essentially surrounding the "hills” and the "valleys", de ⁇ flux returns being arranged outside the coil opposite the "hills” , with a view to closing the magnetic circuit.
  • cyclotron Another characteristic of the cyclotron according to the invention is that the sectors called “hills” are rigidly assembled on two plates called “cuasse” forming lids for the vacuum box and channeling the magnetic flux towards the returns of aforementioned flows.
  • the cyclotron preferably comprises four sectors made of a conventional magnetic material.
  • a great advantage of the device according to the invention lies in the fact that the acceleration electrodes can be arranged in the "valleys" and that, consequently, the air gap can be reduced to a minimum, that is to say at the location necessary for the circulation of the particles to be accelerated. This results in a notable saving in the energy consumed.
  • Another advantage of the cyclotron according to the design principle of the invention lies in the simplicity of the coils which provide the magnetic induction field.
  • the magnetic flux is concentrated in the "hills" where the air gap is minimum and essentially zero in the "valleys" where the air gap is large.
  • the design of the cyclotron according to the invention makes it possible to house the vertical beam accelerator electrodes as well as the final stage of the power amplifier directly in the "valleys".
  • the plate of the electrode is inductively coupled to the cavity of the cyclotron. The stability of the system is only improved.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic section along the median plane of a cyclotron according to the invention
  • - Figure 2 shows a section along line II-II of Figure 1.
  • the magnetic structure of the cyclotron has a symmetry with respect to the plane in which the particles are accelerated, called "median plane" 17, for example placed horizontally and with respect to an axis 26 perpendicular to this plane.
  • This magnetic structure consists of a certain number of elements made of a ferro- material. magnetic (3, 5, 11, 13, 13 ') and a pair of coils made of a conductive material (21, 23).
  • the ferromagnetic structure consists of:
  • the angular spaces 15 and 15 ' located respectively between the sectors 13 and 13', are called
  • valleys The air gap there is important because it extends from the upper yoke 3 to the lower yoke 5. This air gap is there, for example, of the order of 30 times greater than the air gap 19. The magnetic flux in the valleys is essentially zero.
  • the central duct 25 is intended to receive, at least in part, the source of particles to be accelerated which are injected into the center of the device by means known per se.
  • the angle of a sector is advantageously of the order of 54 °.
  • a cyclotron according to the invention advantageously comprises the final stages of two high frequency power amplifiers 27 inductively coupled by a loop to the acceleration electrodes 28 with vertical beam 29, which are housed in the "valleys" between the sectors 13 , 13 '.
  • the vacuum chamber (31) can advantageously be very simple. It consists of a ring made of non-magnetic material, extending from the upper yoke 3 to the lower yoke 5 in the space left between the sectors 13, 13 'and the coils 21, 23. Note the advantage of the simplicity of a pair of large coils and the air gap reduced to a minimum, which allows significant energy savings to be obtained.
  • the air gap in the hills is 3 cm and the magnetic field 18 kGs, while in the valleys the entre iron is 106 cm and the magnetic field 0.4 kGs.
  • the number of ampere turns required is 33,000 At per coil, which, with a current density of 50
  • a / cm ⁇ in the coils gives a consumed power of 7 kW for the cyclotron according to the invention against 100 kW for a normal cyclotron.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

Cyclotrons non supraconducteurs. Selon l'invention un tel cyclotron (1) comporte un circuit magnétique constitué par au moins trois secteurs (13, 13') appelés ''collines'', où l'entrefer (19) est réduit à une dimension voisine de celle du faisceau accéléré et où le flux magnétique est essentiellement concentré, séparés par des espacements (15) en forme de secteurs appelés ''vallées'' où l'entrefer est de dimension très grande, pour que le flux magnétique soit essentiellement nul et par une seule paire de bobines (2) essentiellement circulaire entourant essentiellement les collines (13, 13') et les vallées (15, 15'). Cette forme d'exécution, permet des économies d'énergie importantes, la puissance consommée pouvant être réduite par exemple à 100 kW pour un cyclotron non supraconducteur normal à 7 kW dans la forme d'exécution selon l'invention.Non-superconducting cyclotrons. According to the invention such a cyclotron (1) comprises a magnetic circuit formed by at least three sectors (13, 13 ') called `` hills'', where the air gap (19) is reduced to a dimension close to that of the beam accelerated and where the magnetic flux is essentially concentrated, separated by spaces (15) in the form of sectors called `` valleys '' where the air gap is very large, so that the magnetic flux is essentially zero and by a single pair essentially circular coils (2) essentially surrounding the hills (13, 13 ') and the valleys (15, 15'). This embodiment allows significant energy savings, the power consumed being able to be reduced, for example, to 100 kW for a normal non-superconducting cyclotron at 7 kW in the embodiment according to the invention.

Description

CYCLOTRON • CYCLOTRON •
La présente invention est relative à un cyclotron classique de conception nouvelle qui permet de réduire de manière sensible les besoins en énergie. Les cyclotrons connus sont de deux types : les cyclotrons utilisant des bobinages supraconducteurs (cy¬ clotrons supraconducteurs) et les cyclotrons utilisant des bobinages non supraconducteurs (cyclotrons classi¬ ques) . Les cyclotrons supraconducteurs n'utilisent pas de puissance électrique pour entretenir le champ magné¬ tique nécessaire à l'accélération des particules. Toute¬ fois, la technologie des bobines supraconductrices et de la cryogénie associée restent complexes et coûteuses. De plus, ces bobines requièrent de l'hélium liquide comme fluide réfrigérant. Ces considérations restreignent. forτ_, - tement l'usage des cyclotrons supraconducteurs.The present invention relates to a conventional cyclotron of a new design which makes it possible to significantly reduce the energy requirements. There are two types of known cyclotrons: cyclotrons using superconductive coils (superconductive cyclotrons) and cyclotrons using non-superconductive coils (conventional cyclotrons). Superconductive cyclotrons do not use electrical power to maintain the magnetic field necessary for the acceleration of particles. However, the technology of superconducting coils and associated cryogenics remains complex and expensive. In addition, these coils require liquid helium as the coolant. These considerations restrict. forτ_, - the use of superconducting cyclotrons.
Par contre, dans le cas des cyclotrons classi¬ ques, une part importante de la puissance est utilisée pour produire et profiler le champ magnétique nécessaire à l'accélération des particules.On the other hand, in the case of classic cyclotrons, a large part of the power is used to produce and profile the magnetic field necessary for the acceleration of the particles.
Il ex-iste actuellement des cyclotrons classiques dits "compacts" qui ne comportent qu'un seul pôle. Dans ce cas, les électrodes d'accélération, généralement ap- pelées "dés" sont disposées dans l'entrefer. Par consé¬ quent, la puissance fournie au cyclotron doit être rela¬ tivement élevée pour établir le champ magnétique dans un entrefer de taille accrue. En revanche, la boîte à vide est très simple et peu coûteuse. On connaît également des cyclotrons classiques dits "à secteurs séparés", dans lesquels la structure magnétique est divisée en unités séparées, entièrement autonomes, en forme de secteurs. Dans les espaces libres laissés entre ces "secteurs séparés" on a installé les dispositifs d'accélération. Dès lors, l'entrefer des secteurs magnétiques peut être réduit et, par consé¬ quent, le nombre d'ampères/tour requis pour produire le champ magnétique est moins important.There are currently classic so-called "compact" cyclotrons which have only one pole. In this case, the acceleration electrodes, generally called "dice" are placed in the air gap. Consequently, the power supplied to the cyclotron must be relatively high to establish the magnetic field in an air gap of increased size. On the other hand, the vacuum box is very simple and inexpensive. There are also known conventional cyclotrons known as "separate sectors", in which the magnetic structure is divided into separate units, entirely autonomous, in the form of sectors. In the free spaces left between these "separate sectors" we installed the acceleration devices. Consequently, the air gap of the magnetic sectors can be reduced and, consequently, the number of amps / turn required to produce the magnetic field is less important.
Toutefois, ces cyclotrons présentent une série d'inconvénients. Tout d'abord chaque secteur séparé est équipé d'une paire de bobines. Ces bobines sont de forme complexe (en forme de secteur) et, pour dégager l'espace libre entre les secteurs, elles doivent être de section minimale.However, these cyclotrons have a series of drawbacks. First of all, each separate sector is equipped with a pair of coils. These coils are of complex shape (sector-shaped) and, to free the free space between the sectors, they must be of minimum section.
Ceci entraîne que la densité de courant doit être élevée dans ces bobines et, en conséquence, la puissance électrique requise pour produire le champ magnétique reste élevée bien que le nombre d'ampères/tour soit plus faible.This means that the current density must be high in these coils and, consequently, the electric power required to produce the magnetic field remains high although the number of amps / revolution is lower.
Enfin, les secteurs étant mécaniquement indépen¬ dants, la conception mécanique du cyclotron et notamment de la boîte à vide est complexe et coûteuse.Finally, the sectors being mechanically independent, the mechanical design of the cyclotron and in particular of the vacuum box is complex and costly.
Le but de la présente invention est de fournir un nouveau type de cyclotron non supraconducteur où la puissance électrique requise pour produire le champ magnétique est beaucoup plus faible que dans les cyclo- trons classiques précités à savoir le cyclotron "com¬ pact" et le cyclotron "à secteurs séparés".The object of the present invention is to provide a new type of non-superconductive cyclotron where the electrical power required to produce the magnetic field is much lower than in the above-mentioned conventional cyclotrons, namely the "compact" cyclotron and the cyclotron. "with separate sectors".
Ce but peut être atteint par une structure magné¬ tique nouvelle où l'on trouve un faible entrefer, ce qui réduit le nombre d'ampères/tour requis, mais aussi une paire de bobines essentiellement circulaires et de sec¬ tion importante, ce qui permet de diminuer la densité de courant et donc la puissance électrique requise pour produire le nombre d'ampères/tour requis.This object can be achieved by a new magnetic structure where there is a small air gap, which reduces the number of amps / turn required, but also a pair of essentially circular coils and of large sec¬ tion, which reduces the current density and therefore the electrical power required to produce the number of amps / turn required.
Un autre but de 1'invention est d'éviter dans la nouvelle structure la complexité mécanique inhérente aux cyclotrons dits "à secteurs séparés".Another object of the invention is to avoid in the new structure the mechanical complexity inherent in so-called "separate sector" cyclotrons.
Cette nouvelle structure propre au cyclotron classique selon l'invention est caractérisée par ce qu'elle comporte au moins trois secteurs appelés "colli- nés" où l'entrefer est réduit à une dimension voisine de celle du faisceau accéléré et où le flux magnétique est essentiellement concentré, séparés par des espacements en forme de secteur dénommés "vallées", où l'entrefer est de dimension très grande (par exemple, mais de façon non limitative, où l'entrefer est de l'ordre de 30 fois supérieur à celui des collines), pour*que le flux magné- tique soit essentiellement nul et par une seule paire de bobines essentiellement circulaires entourant essentiel¬ lement les "collines" et les "vallées", deέ retours de flux étant disposés à 1'extérieur de la bobine en face des "collines", en vue de la fermeture du circuit magné- tique.This new structure specific to the conventional cyclotron according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least three sectors called "hills" where the air gap is reduced to a dimension close to that of the accelerated beam and where the magnetic flux is essentially concentrated, separated by spaces in the form of a sector called "valleys", where the air gap is very large (for example, but not limited to, where the air gap is of the order of 30 times that of the hills), so that * the magnetic flux is essentially zero and by a single pair of essentially circular coils essentially surrounding the "hills" and the "valleys", deέ flux returns being arranged outside the coil opposite the "hills" , with a view to closing the magnetic circuit.
Une autre caractéristique du cyclotron selon l'invention est que les secteurs appelés "collines" sont -assemblés de façon rigide sur deux plaques appelées "cu¬ lasse" formant couvercles pour la boîte â vide et cana- lisant le flux magnétique vers les retours de flux pré¬ cités.Another characteristic of the cyclotron according to the invention is that the sectors called "hills" are rigidly assembled on two plates called "cuasse" forming lids for the vacuum box and channeling the magnetic flux towards the returns of aforementioned flows.
Selon l'invention, le cyclotron comporte de pré¬ férence quatre secteurs en un matériau magnétique clas¬ sique. Un grand avantage du dispositif selon 1'invention réside dans le fait que les électrodes d'accélération peuvent être disposées dans les "vallées" et que, par conséquent, l'entrefer peut être réduit à un minimum, c'est-à-dire à l'emplacement nécessaire pour la circula- tion des particules à accélérer. Il en résulte une nota¬ ble économie de 1'énergie consommée.According to the invention, the cyclotron preferably comprises four sectors made of a conventional magnetic material. A great advantage of the device according to the invention lies in the fact that the acceleration electrodes can be arranged in the "valleys" and that, consequently, the air gap can be reduced to a minimum, that is to say at the location necessary for the circulation of the particles to be accelerated. This results in a notable saving in the energy consumed.
Un autre avantage du cyclotron selon le principe de conception de l'invention, réside dans la simplicité des bobines qui fournissent le champ d'induction magnê- tique.Another advantage of the cyclotron according to the design principle of the invention lies in the simplicity of the coils which provide the magnetic induction field.
Des géométries présentant des similitudes ont dé¬ jà été décrites pour des cyclotrons supraconducteurs par les documents US-A-3 925 676; FR-A-2 234 733; IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Vol. NS-30 (1983) Aug., No. 4, Part 1, New York, USA p 2126-2128 E. ACERBI; et Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, vol. 220 (1984) Febr., No. 1, Amsterdam, Netherlands, p 186- 193 U. TRINKS .Geometries with similarities have already been described for superconductive cyclotrons by documents US-A-3,925,676; FR-A-2 234 733; IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Vol. NS-30 (1983) Aug., No. 4, Part 1, New York, USA p 2126-2128 E. ACERBI; and Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, vol. 220 (1984) Febr., No. 1, Amsterdam, Netherlands, p 186- 193 U. TRINKS.
Toutefois la similitude entre les cyclotrons su¬ praconducteurs cités ci-dessus et le cyclotron non su¬ praconducteur selon l'invention est limitée à la géomé- trie. Le fonctionnement magnétique est fondamentalement différent.However, the similarity between the superconducting cyclotrons mentioned above and the non-superconducting cyclotron according to the invention is limited to geometry. Magnetic functioning is fundamentally different.
Pour obtenir un faible nombre d'ampères/tour dans le cyclotron selon l'invention, le flux magnétique est concentré dans les "collines" où l'entrefer est minimum et essentiellement nul dans les "vallées" où l'entrefer est grand.To obtain a low number of amps / revolution in the cyclotron according to the invention, the magnetic flux is concentrated in the "hills" where the air gap is minimum and essentially zero in the "valleys" where the air gap is large.
Dans les cyclotrons supraconducteurs de géométrie similaire, au contraire l'acier est complètement saturé et le flux magnétique est très élevé dans les "vallées" comme dans les "collines" (voir réf. Nuclear Instruments Se Methods in Physics Research, vol. 220 _(1984) Febr.., No. 1, page 187, tableau 1) et l'effet recherchée à sa¬ voir réduire le nombre d'ampère tours n'est pas atteint. Par ailleurs, contrairement aux cyclotrons clas- siques existants, la structure a une symétrie de révolu¬ tion, avec des retours de flux dans l'alignement de cha¬ cun des secteurs, ce qui élimine complètement les dissy¬ métries néfastes du champ magnétique associées aux con¬ ceptions classiques. En outre, la conception du cyclotron selon l'in¬ vention permet de loger les électrodes accélératrices à poutre verticale ainsi que l'étage final de l'amplifica¬ teur de puissance directement dans les "vallées". Avan¬ tageusement, la plaque de l'électrode est couplée induc- tivement à la cavité du cyclotron. La stabilité du sys¬ tème n'en est qu'améliorée.In superconducting cyclotrons of similar geometry, on the contrary the steel is completely saturated and the magnetic flux is very high in the "valleys" as in the "hills" (see ref. Nuclear Instruments Se Methods in Physics Research, vol. 220 _ (1984) Febr .., No. 1, page 187, table 1) and the desired effect of reducing the number of ampere turns is not achieved. In addition, unlike existing classic cyclotrons, the structure has a revolution symmetry, with flow returns in alignment with each of the sectors, which completely eliminates the harmful dissym¬ metries of the associated magnetic field. to conventional designs. In addition, the design of the cyclotron according to the invention makes it possible to house the vertical beam accelerator electrodes as well as the final stage of the power amplifier directly in the "valleys". Advantageously, the plate of the electrode is inductively coupled to the cavity of the cyclotron. The stability of the system is only improved.
Bien qu'un tel couplage inductif ait déjà été utilisé dans les cyclotrons classiques, il n'a jamais été utilisé pour résoudre les problèmes de charge varia- ble dans les cyclotrons à haute intensité.Although such inductive coupling has already been used in conventional cyclotrons, it has never been used to solve the problems of variable charge in high intensity cyclotrons.
Les cyclotrons classiques font également appel à des montages des électrodes d'accélération sur une pou- tre verticale résonnant à demi-longueur d'onde. Ces ca¬ vités sont généralement excitées à partir d'un généra¬ teur de puissance à haute fréquence, situé à une certai¬ ne distance. Par ailleurs, dans le cas des cyclotrons classi¬ ques, si l'intensité du faisceau accéléré par le cyclo¬ tron est telle que la puissance d'accélération devient comparable à la puissance dissipée par effet Joule dans les cavités, l'impédance shunt apparente de la cavité est diminuée, et le système de couplage est désaccordé, entraînant l'apparition de puissance réfléchie sur la ligne de transmission. Cet effet peut être à l'origine d'instabilités dans le système interactif faisceau-ten¬ sion accélératrice. D'autres détails et avantages apparaîtront plus clairement dans la description qui suit accompagnée j_es figures dans lesquelles :Conventional cyclotrons also use assemblies of the acceleration electrodes on a be vertical resonating at half wavelength. These ca¬ cities are generally excited from a high frequency power generator, located at a certain distance. Furthermore, in the case of conventional cyclotrons, if the intensity of the beam accelerated by the cyclo¬ tron is such that the acceleration power becomes comparable to the power dissipated by the Joule effect in the cavities, the apparent shunt impedance of the cavity is reduced, and the coupling system is detuned, causing the appearance of reflected power on the transmission line. This effect can cause instabilities in the interactive accelerating beam-tension system. Other details and advantages will appear more clearly in the description which follows, accompanied by the figures in which:
- la figure 1 représente une coupe schématique selon le plan médian d'un cyclotron selon l'invention; et - la figure 2 représente une coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1.- Figure 1 shows a schematic section along the median plane of a cyclotron according to the invention; and - Figure 2 shows a section along line II-II of Figure 1.
Il est bien évident que la présente description n'est donnée qu'à titre d'exemple et qu'elle ne vise pas à limiter la portée de la présente invention. Des dispositifs accessoires tels que les conduits de sortie, le support du cyclotron, les pompes à vide, sont mentionnés à titre d'illustration mais ne sont pas spécifiques au cyclotron selon l'invention. Dans les fi¬ gures, des repères identiques représentent des éléments identiques ou analogues.It is obvious that the present description is given by way of example only and that it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Accessory devices such as the outlet conduits, the cyclotron support, the vacuum pumps, are mentioned by way of illustration but are not specific to the cyclotron according to the invention. In the figures, identical references represent identical or analogous elements.
La structure magnétique du cyclotron présente une symétrie' par rapport au plan dans lequel les particules sont accélérées, dit "plan médian" 17, par exemple placé horizontalement et par rapport à un axe 26 perpendicu- laire à ce plan.The magnetic structure of the cyclotron has a symmetry with respect to the plane in which the particles are accelerated, called "median plane" 17, for example placed horizontally and with respect to an axis 26 perpendicular to this plane.
Cette structure magnétique se compose d'un cer¬ tain nombre d'éléments réalisés dans un matériau ferro- magnétique (3, 5, 11, 13, 13') et d'une paire de bobines réalisées dans un matériau conducteur (21, 23).This magnetic structure consists of a certain number of elements made of a ferro- material. magnetic (3, 5, 11, 13, 13 ') and a pair of coils made of a conductive material (21, 23).
La structure ferromagnétique se compose de :The ferromagnetic structure consists of:
1) Deux plaques de- base 3 et 5, appelées culas- ses, par exemple en forme de disques situées essentiellement de façon coaxiale par rapport à l'axe 26, parallèle et symétrique par rap¬ port au plan médian 17, l'une étant au-dessus du plan médian, l'autre étant en-dessous de celui-ci.1) Two base plates 3 and 5, called cylinder heads, for example in the form of discs situated essentially coaxially with respect to the axis 26, parallel and symmetrical with respect to the median plane 17, one being above the median plane, the other being below it.
2) D'au moins trois secteurs supérieurs 13 et d'un nombre égal de secteurs inférieurs 13' situés l'un en face de l'autre symétriquement par rapport au plan médian 17, séparés par un entrefer 19 minimum, c'est-à-dire juste suffi¬ sant pour le passage du faisceau .de..particu- .. les, le flux magnétique étant de cette manière essentiellement concentré à cet endroit. Les secteurs 13 et 13' sont fixés rigidement à la culasse supérieure 3 et inférieure 5 et sont appelés collines.2) At least three upper sectors 13 and an equal number of lower sectors 13 'located one opposite the other symmetrically with respect to the median plane 17, separated by a minimum air gap 19, that is ie just sufficient for the passage of the .de..particu- .. beam, the magnetic flux being in this way essentially concentrated at this location. The sectors 13 and 13 'are rigidly fixed to the upper 3 and lower 5 yoke and are called hills.
3) D':au moins trois retours de flux 11 réunissent de façon rigide la culasse inférieure 3 et su¬ périeure 5, situés à l'extérieur, en face des secteurs 13 et 13' et séparés de ceux-ci par un espace de forme annulaire dans lequel est située la paire de bobines 21, 23. Outre la fonction mécanique précitée, ces "re¬ tours de flux" 11 assurent le retour du flux magnétique tout en laissant accessibles les espaces angulaires 15 et 15' situés entre les collines. Les bobines 21 et 23 sont de forme essentielle¬ ment circulaires et sont localisées dans 1'espace annu- laire laissé entre les secteurs 13 et 13'et les retours de flux 11. Avantageusement, ces bobines ont une sec¬ tion importante, ce qui entraîne une faible, densité de courant et donc une faible puissance électrique dissipée pour produire le champ magnétique.3) D ' : at least three flow returns 11 rigidly join the lower cylinder head 3 and upper 5, located outside, opposite the sectors 13 and 13' and separated from them by a space of annular shape in which the pair of coils 21, 23 is located. In addition to the aforementioned mechanical function, these "flux re¬ turns" 11 ensure the return of the magnetic flux while leaving accessible the angular spaces 15 and 15 'situated between the hills. . The coils 21 and 23 are essentially circular in shape and are located in the annular space left between the sectors 13 and 13 ′ and the flow returns 11. Advantageously, these coils have a large section, which causes low current density and therefore low dissipated electrical power to produce the magnetic field.
Les espaces angulaires 15 et 15', situés respec- tivement entre les secteurs 13 et 13', sont appelésThe angular spaces 15 and 15 ', located respectively between the sectors 13 and 13', are called
"vallées". L'entrefer y est important car il s'étend de la culasse supérieure 3 à la culasse inférieure 5. Cet entrefer y est, par exemple, de l'ordre de 30 fois supé¬ rieur à l'entrefer 19. Le flux magnétique dans les val¬ lées est essentiellement nul."valleys". The air gap there is important because it extends from the upper yoke 3 to the lower yoke 5. This air gap is there, for example, of the order of 30 times greater than the air gap 19. The magnetic flux in the valleys is essentially zero.
Les divers éléments constitutifs sont assemblés par des moyens connus en soi comme des boulons.The various constituent elements are assembled by means known per se as bolts.
Le conduit central 25 est destiné à recevoir, au moins en partie, la source de particules à accélérer qui sont injectées au centre de l'appareil par des moyens connus en soi. Dans le cas représenté d'un cyclotron à quatre secteurs ou à quatre "collines", l'angle d'un secteur est avantageusement de l'ordre de 54°.The central duct 25 is intended to receive, at least in part, the source of particles to be accelerated which are injected into the center of the device by means known per se. In the illustrated case of a cyclotron with four sectors or four "hills", the angle of a sector is advantageously of the order of 54 °.
Un cyclotron selon 1'invention comporte avanta¬ geusement les étages finals de deux amplificateurs de puissance à haute fréquence 27 couplés inductivement par une boucle aux électrodes d'accélération 28 à poutre verticale 29, qui sont logés dans les "vallées" entre les secteurs 13, 13'.A cyclotron according to the invention advantageously comprises the final stages of two high frequency power amplifiers 27 inductively coupled by a loop to the acceleration electrodes 28 with vertical beam 29, which are housed in the "valleys" between the sectors 13 , 13 '.
Dans le cyclotron selon l'invention, la chambre à vide (31) peut avantageusement être très simple. Elle se compose d'un anneau en matériau non magnétique, s'éten¬ dant de la culasse supérieure 3 à la culasse inférieure 5 dans l'espace laissé entre les secteurs 13, 13' et les bobines 21, 23. On notera l'avantage de la simplicité d'une paire de grosses bobines et de l'entrefer réduit à un minimum, qui perm'et d'obtenir des économies d'énergie importan¬ tes.In the cyclotron according to the invention, the vacuum chamber (31) can advantageously be very simple. It consists of a ring made of non-magnetic material, extending from the upper yoke 3 to the lower yoke 5 in the space left between the sectors 13, 13 'and the coils 21, 23. Note the advantage of the simplicity of a pair of large coils and the air gap reduced to a minimum, which allows significant energy savings to be obtained.
A titre d'exemple, on peut mentionner que, dans le cas d'un cyclotron d'une énergie de l'ordre de 30MeV l'entrefer dans les collines est de 3 cm et le champ magnétique 18 kGs, tandis que dans les vallées l'entre- fer est de 106 cm et le champ magnétique 0,4 kGs. Dans ce cas le nombre d'ampère tours requis est de 33.000 At par bobine, ce qui, avec une densité de courant de 50As an example, it can be mentioned that, in the case of a cyclotron with an energy of the order of 30MeV, the air gap in the hills is 3 cm and the magnetic field 18 kGs, while in the valleys the entre iron is 106 cm and the magnetic field 0.4 kGs. In this case the number of ampere turns required is 33,000 At per coil, which, with a current density of 50
A/cm^ dans les bobines donne une puissance consommée de 7 kW pour le cyclotron selon l'invention contre 100 kW pour un cyclotron normal.A / cm ^ in the coils gives a consumed power of 7 kW for the cyclotron according to the invention against 100 kW for a normal cyclotron.
Notons par exemple que pour un cyclotron supra¬ conducteur selon US-A-3 925 676, le nombre d'ampère tours requis est de 1,8 10^ At par bobine (col. 4, ligne 33 à 43). Note, for example, that for a superconducting cyclotron according to US-A-3 925 676, the number of ampere turns required is 1.8 10 ^ At per coil (col. 4, line 33 to 43).

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Cyclotron non supraconducteur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un circuit magnétique constitué par au moins trois secteurs (13,- 13') appelés "collines", où l'entrefer (19) est réduit à une dimension voisine de celle du faisceau accéléré et où le flux magnétique est essentiellement concentré, séparés par des espacements (15) forme de secteurs appelés "vallées" où l'entrefer est de dimension très grande, pour que le flux magnéti- que soit essentiellement nul et par une seule paire de bobines (21, 23) essentiellement circulaire entourant essentiellement les collines (13, 13') et les vallées (15, 15').1. Non-superconductive cyclotron, characterized in that it comprises a magnetic circuit constituted by at least three sectors (13, - 13 ') called "hills", where the air gap (19) is reduced to a dimension close to that of accelerated beam and where the magnetic flux is essentially concentrated, separated by spaces (15) in the form of sectors called "valleys" where the air gap is very large, so that the magnetic flux is essentially zero and by a single pair essentially circular coils (21, 23) essentially surrounding the hills (13, 13 ') and the valleys (15, 15').
2. Cyclotron selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les secteurs appelés "collines" sont rigide¬ ment fixés à une. pièce unique en matériau ferromagnéti¬ que.2. Cyclotron according to claim 1 characterized in that the sectors called "hills" are rigidly fixed to one. unique piece of ferromagnetic material.
3. Cyclotron selon la revendication 1 caractérisé -en ce que l'entrefer des vallées (15, 15') est de l'or- dre de 30 fois supérieure à l'entrefer (19) des collines (13, 13').3. Cyclotron according to claim 1 characterized in that the air gap of the valleys (15, 15 ') is of the order of 30 times greater than the air gap (19) of the hills (13, 13').
4. Cyclotron selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des retours de flux agencés (11) à l'extérieur de la bobine annulaire (2), en face des collines (13, 13'), pour former le circuit magnétique.4. Cyclotron according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises arranged flow returns (11) outside the annular coil (2), opposite the hills (13, 13 '), to form the magnetic circuit .
5. Cyclotron selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les secteurs (13, 13') dénommés colline pré¬ sentent un angle de l'ordre de 54e.5. Cyclotron according to claim 1 characterized in that the sectors (13, 13 ') called hill pré¬ feel an angle of about 54 e .
6. Cyclotron selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les électrodes d'accélération (28) sont logées dans les vallées (15, 15').6. Cyclotron according to claim 1 characterized in that the acceleration electrodes (28) are housed in the valleys (15, 15 ').
7'. Cyclotron selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que 1'étage final de 1'amplificateur de puissance (27) est monté dans les vallées (15, 15'). 8. Cyclotron selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'étage final de l'amplificateur de puissance (27) est couplé inductivement aux électrodes d'accéléra¬ tion (29). 7 '. Cyclotron according to Claim 1, characterized in that the final stage of the power amplifier (27) is mounted in the valleys (15, 15 '). 8. Cyclotron according to claim 1 characterized in that the final stage of the power amplifier (27) is inductively coupled to the acceleration electrodes (29).
EP86902291A 1985-05-10 1986-04-30 Cyclotron Expired - Lifetime EP0222786B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86902291T ATE54531T1 (en) 1985-05-10 1986-04-30 CYCLOTRON.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU85895 1985-05-10
LU85895A LU85895A1 (en) 1985-05-10 1985-05-10 CYCLOTRON

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0222786A1 true EP0222786A1 (en) 1987-05-27
EP0222786B1 EP0222786B1 (en) 1990-07-11

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US (1) US4771208A (en)
EP (1) EP0222786B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0654719B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3672566D1 (en)
LU (1) LU85895A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1986006924A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4771208A (en) 1988-09-13
EP0222786B1 (en) 1990-07-11
JPH0654719B2 (en) 1994-07-20
WO1986006924A1 (en) 1986-11-20
DE3672566D1 (en) 1990-08-16
LU85895A1 (en) 1986-12-05
JPS63501533A (en) 1988-06-09

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