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EP0213123A1 - Mousse de polyurethane et systeme de metabolisation microbiologique - Google Patents

Mousse de polyurethane et systeme de metabolisation microbiologique

Info

Publication number
EP0213123A1
EP0213123A1 EP85901675A EP85901675A EP0213123A1 EP 0213123 A1 EP0213123 A1 EP 0213123A1 EP 85901675 A EP85901675 A EP 85901675A EP 85901675 A EP85901675 A EP 85901675A EP 0213123 A1 EP0213123 A1 EP 0213123A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foam
rethane
polyu
urethane
abrasion resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85901675A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rocco P. Triolo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Scotfoam Corp
Original Assignee
Scotfoam Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scotfoam Corp filed Critical Scotfoam Corp
Publication of EP0213123A1 publication Critical patent/EP0213123A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/02—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by the reacting monomers or modifying agents during the preparation or modification of macromolecules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • This invention relates to waste-water treatment and a polyurethane foam used therein and its production.
  • Polyurethane foams produced by the reaction of a polyether polyol with an isocyanate usually in the presence of a catalyst, surfactant and blowing agent are well known and generally referred to as polyether based polyurethane foams .
  • Suitable reactants for producing polyurethane foam are well known and are generally dis ⁇ closed in a monograph entitled "Polyurethanes, Chemistry and Tech- nology" by J . H . Saunders and K. C. Firsch , 1962 published by I nter Science Publishers . Advances in polyurethane chemistry since the publication of the monograph are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Methods of producing polyether based polyu rethane foam with flexible, semi- rigid or rigid properties are disclosed in U . S . Patent No. 3, 194, 773 issued July 13, 1965 to F. Hostettler, entitled
  • Polyether polyols having a functionality of at least 2.0 are known to be suitable for producing flexible polyurethane foams and accordingly are suitable for practicing the present invention .
  • the term "polyether polyol” is intended to include linear and branched polyethers (having ether linkages) , and containing at least two hydroxyl groups .
  • Preferred polyethers are the polyoxyalkylene polyols particularly the linear and branched poly (oxethylene) glycols, poly (oxypropylene) glycols and their co-polymers.
  • Polyether polyols have at least two active hydrogen atoms, (i . e. , hydroxyi groups) .
  • polyisocyanate refers to particularly those isocyan- ates which have previously been suggested for use in the prepara ⁇ tion of polyurethane foams and includes di- and polyisocyanates and prepolymers of polyols and polyisocyanates having excess isocyanate groups available to react with additional polyol .
  • the organic polyisocyanates which may be employed include both aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates .
  • the term aliphatic isocyanate includes both aliphatic and alicyclic compounds as well as the aliphatic-like compounds - i . e. , those which although they contain an aromatic ring, react as an aliphatic compound, due primarily to the fact that the isocyanate group is not attached directly to the ring .
  • the amount of polyisocyanate employed is frequently expressed by the term " I ndex" which refers to the ratio of the actual amount of isocyanate in the reaction mixtu re to the theoretical amount of isocyanate requi red for reaction with all the active hydrogen con ⁇ taining compounds present in the reaction mixtu re multiplied by 100.
  • I ndex is in the range of from about 70 to about 150, preferably from about 90 to about 130..
  • Catalysts that may be used to accelerate the polyolpolyisocy- anate reaction include, for example, amines and metal salts the latter including both inorganic and organic salts .
  • the catalyst may be either a single compound or a mixture of two or more com ⁇ pounds . It is especially preferred to employ, as the catalyst, an organotin salt or a tertiary amine.
  • the amount of catalyst employed may be varied over a wide range depending upon the formulation employed and the type of cata ⁇ lyst, all of which is well-known to those skilled in the art.
  • the catalyst either as a single compound or as a mixtu re of compounds, is employed in an amount equal to from about 0.01 to about 5.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyol in the foam forming composition .
  • Polyurethanes are used in both the unfoamed and the so-called "foam” form .
  • I n general a foamed polyurethane is produced when low boiling liquids, gaseous blowing agents or inflatants are incorpor ⁇ ated into or generated by the polyu rethane foaming reactants . Often the heat of reaction causes the low boiling liquid or gaseous blowing agent to volatilize, thus foaming the composition .
  • a technique generally referred to as frothing is employed in which case the boiling point of the blowing agent is chosen to be below room temperature.
  • Blowing agenxs which may be employed include, for example, water either alone or admixed with other components - e. g . , as an aqueous solution of the catalyst. When water is employed it reacts with an excess of the polyisocyanate to generate carbon dioxide thereby resulting in a foam.
  • Carboxyl containing compounds may also be included as a sou rce of carbon dioxide.
  • blowing agents include the chlorinated and fluor- inated al kanes having from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms such as the chlorofluorothanes; pentane; hexane; methylchloroform; butane; methylene chloride; difluoro-1 , 2-dichloroethylene and diethyl ether.
  • blowing agent employed can be varied over a wide range as is well- known to those skilled in the art depending primarily upon the density desired in the foam product. For most applications the blowing agent is employed in an amount equal to from about 2 to about 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyol in the foam forming composition .
  • blowing agents are included in or generated by the poly ⁇ u rethane reactants, there is also frequently included in the com ⁇ position a surfactant type stabilizer the function of which is to control the amount and quality of the foamed polyurethane obtained . Without the stabilizer the foams may either collapse or contain very large uneven cells .
  • su rfactants which may be employed include: silicone compounds and silicone oil mixtures such as siloxaneoxyal kylene block copolymers; polyethylene glycol ethers of long chain alcohols; tertiary amine or alkylolamine salts of long chain alkyl acid sulfate esters, alkyl sulfonic esters and al kyl arylsu- fonic acids; compounds prepared by the sequential addition of propy ⁇ lene oxide and ethylene oxide to propylene glycol ; castor oil suifonate; ethylene oxide adducts of sorbitol; mono-esters of long-chain fatty acids; and ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols .
  • silicone compounds and silicone oil mixtures such as siloxaneoxyal kylene block copolymers
  • polyethylene glycol ethers of long chain alcohols such as tertiary amine or alkylolamine salts of long chain alkyl acid sulfate esters
  • the amount of su rfactant employed can be varied over a wide range depending, for example, on the foam-forming composition employed and the properties desired in the foam product. For most applications, the su rfactant is employed in an amount equal to from about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyol in the foam-forming composition .
  • the polyu rethane foam support structu re for the active micro ⁇ organism in the metabolic process must be flexible, open cell foam and have a controlled cell size to provide an appropriate host structure for the microorganisms .
  • Canadian Patent No. 1 ,055, 169 entitled "Supprt Medium for Bio ⁇ logical Treatment” is another good example of the disclosure of plastic support media from microorganisms in metabolic processes which discloses the use of foam plastic sheets as a support media for microorganisms in biological treatment process .
  • U . S . Patent No. 3,293, 174 discloses the use of expanded poly- meric materials (such as polyurethane foam) as a packing medium for improved aerated filter plants to provide a basis for a greater effective area of biologically active surface per unit volume of filter.
  • expanded poly- meric materials such as polyurethane foam
  • U . S . Patent No. 3, 779,906 also discloses a process employing a support medium to provide an attractive environment and surface area for the growth of sewage treatment microorganisms in which the support medium could be polyurethane foam.
  • Matabolic processes involve the growth of biological material in the presence of nutrients and consumes (matabolizes) nutrients
  • Support medium for microscopic biological organisms has been employed to ach ieve higher active densities of the microorganism.
  • Examples of the use of support media for microorganisms is disclosed in British Patent No. 2,006, 181 B, the disclosure of which is incor- porated herein by reference for its general disclosure of aerobic biological processes , equipment and support media .
  • a particularly effective use of such a process is in the biological digestion of nutrients in a waste water treatment process generally known as activated sludge or secondary sludge treatment of sewerage waste.
  • Sewerage treatment plant equipment needed to achieve a desired quantity of active biological organisms can be substantially reduced in size if the density of the active microorganisms (biolo ⁇ gical population per unit volume) is significantly increased .
  • the biological support media provide a cellular support structu re in which the microorganisms can grow and multiply in a suitable environment containing nutrients thereby achieving the desired higher density of active microorganisms .
  • a high su rface area, porous cellular structure such as retic- ulated polyu rethane foam, has been found very suitable as a support structure for microbiological metabolic process such as a activated sludge waste treatment process in which nutrients are metabolized into carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen by the growing and reproducing biological population .
  • microbiological metabolic process such as a activated sludge waste treatment process in which nutrients are metabolized into carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen by the growing and reproducing biological population .
  • With appropriate cell size for the support structu re a high density of actively growing micro ⁇ organisms can be achieved .
  • polyurethane foam support medium becomes partiajly filled with the expanding colony of microscopic biological organisms to achieve the high density. If the filling of the cells in the foam with microorganisms was permitted to continue unchecked, the expanding colony would choke off the source of nutrients within the support medium needed for the continued vitality, of the growing colony of microorganisms . To prevent this, it is necessary to remove some of the accumulating active biomass from the support medium in order to keep open the pathways th rough the medium for replenishment of nutrients within support structu re.
  • the polyurethane foam When treating water containing nutrients by an active micro- biological process employing polyurethane foam as a support medium, the polyurethane foam must undergo repeated cycles of being immersed in the nutrient rich water, accumulate active biomass , have biomass squeezed from the foam and retu rn to the nutrient rich water for the process to begin over again .
  • This repetitive squeez- ing and immersing of the polyu rethane foam causes substantial abrasive degradation of the foam.
  • the support struc ⁇ ture and the nutrient rich water are usually agitated to provide uniformity of nutrients and oxygen if needed and support structu res to enhance the flow of nutrients into cells of the support structu re and biological wastes out of the cells .
  • An object of the present invention is to formulate a polyure ⁇ thane foam having superior abrasion resistance in such water based microbiological digestion processes especially activated sludge waste treatment processes .
  • the improved polyu rethane foam of the present invention (high abrasion resistant polyurethane foam) is designed for use in small pieces in a vessel along with liquid containing nutrients, sometimes oxygen (or ai r) , and a seed cultu re of desired microorganisms .
  • Liquid containing the nutrients to be treated can be added continu- ously to the vessel and treated liquid effluent can be continuously moved from the vessel .
  • the vessel contents are continuously mixed thoroughly.
  • an oxygen source is continuously provided in order to maintain aerobic conditions throughout the vessel .
  • the temperature is maintained between 20°C and 35°C .
  • the culture of micro ⁇ organisms grow within the cells of the polyurethane support medium. Portions or pieces of the polyurethane support medium are removed usually continuously th roughout the process .
  • the pieces of poly- urethane support medium removed from the vessel contain active microorganism cultu re within the cellular structure of the foam .
  • the pieces of support medium are squeezed to remove some of the active culture within the cells and after squeezing , the polyu re ⁇ thane foam pieces are returned to the vessel .
  • the pieces still contain some of the microorganism culture for rein- noculation of the vessel with desired microorganisms .
  • Abrasion of the pieces of polyurethane support medium is significant du ring operation of the process due to the handling and squeezing of the pieces and also due to the continuous agita ⁇ tion of the vessel contents required to maintain uniform condi ⁇ tions within the vessel .
  • the dominate mechanical abrasion experienced by the pieces is due to contact between the pieces du ring mixing within the vessel .
  • improved abrasion resistance required a foam formulated to resist the repetitive contact between foam pieces during mixing and agitation rather than enhancing the strength or stiffness of the foam to resist repetative squeezing .
  • substantially different abrasion resistance can be possessed by polyurethane foams having similar densities or similar tensile strengths or similar elongation proper ⁇ ties .
  • the superior abrasion resistance provided by the present invention for polyurethane support medium in a microbiological digestion process is achieved when the polyurethane foam is made with a formulation having a urea to urethane ratio of less than about 5 and preferably with a urethane index of 100.
  • the superior abrasion resistance that the foam of the present invention possesses is resistance to a particular type of abrasion that surprisingly has been discovered to constitute the dominant form of abrasion encountered by pieces of support medium during continuous agitation in a large liquid filled vessel such as the process disclosed in said British Patent No. 2,006, 181 B.
  • Urea/Urethane Ratio The present invention defines polyurethane foam formulations in part, based upon the urea to urethane ratio. This ratio was discovered and found to correlate with abrasion resistance for polyurethane support medium.
  • the ratio is based upon the theory that toluene diisocyanate (TDI) can be considered to react initially with the water present in the polyurethane foam formula ⁇ tion (urea reaction) and then with the polyol resin in the formu ⁇ lation (urethane reaction) because of the significant difference in reaction kinetics between the TDI -urea reaction and the TDI- urethane reaction. Accordingly, the urea to urethane ratio was devised to take into account different reaction kinetics. The ratio is based upon the fact that the toluene diisocyanate (TDI) reacts with water to produce urea groups while the TDI reaction with the polyol produces urethane groups.
  • TDI toluene diisocyanate
  • Urea/Urethane ratio is defined as the ratio of the equivalents of urea groups formed from the reaction of the isocy ⁇ anate with water to the equivalents of urethane groups formed from the reaction of the isocyanate with the polyol.
  • urea/ urethane ratio for Example 1A is calculated as follows: a) Equivalents of Urea
  • Urethane index was the other important characteristic of the foam devised as an indicator of abrasion resistance. Urethane index is defined as: the actual amount of TDI available for reaction with the polyol divided by the stoichiometric amount of TDI required for reaction with the polyol. The Urethane Index does not exceed 100. If the actual amount of TDI available for reaction exceeds the theoretical amount required for reaction with the polyol, the excess TDI is considered to be consumed in cross- linking reactions such as biuret and allophonate formation.
  • an index is usually defined as: the actual quantity of TDI in the foam formu ⁇ lation divided by the stoichiometric quantity of TDI required for reaction with all active-hydrogen containing components (e.g., H-0 and polyol) in the polyurethane foam formulation. Accelerated Abrasion Resistance Tests
  • Equipment a ball mill jar having a volume of 2 liters and a diameter of 21.25 centimeters; burundum cylinders about 1 centimeter in diameter and about 2 centimeters long (ceramic grinding media); a sieve (30 mesh U.S. standard series); and a roller mill capable of rotating the ball mill jar at about -83 revolutions per minute.
  • Procedure 183 samples of polyurethane foam formulation to be tested (1 .26 centimeter cubes each) are weighed and placed in the ball mill jar. One liter of water and 750 grams of burundum ceramic cylinders are added to the ball mill jar and the jar is secured with a cap .
  • the ball mill jar is rotated at about 83 revolutions per minute on the roller mill for 24 hours .
  • the contents of the ball mill jar are drained through the 30 mesh sieve.
  • the material retained on the sieve is rinsed with water to remove any residue.
  • the foam pieces are separated from the bu rundum ceramic cylinders, squeezed between paper towels to remove excess water, dried for one hou r in an oven at 110°C and then weighed .
  • An abrasion index is given as percent weight loss per unit time, and is calculated as the percent weight loss of the foam cubes divided by the test time in hours .
  • the improved foams of the present invention exhibit abrasion resistance indices of less than 0.25%/h r under 144 hou r tests .
  • Fou r polyu rethane foam samples were prepared and designated l a , l b, 1 c and I d, each having a urethane index of 100.
  • the foam formulations for each foam sample were kept as identical as pos ⁇ sible in order to obtain a fair comparison of abrasion resistance at different u rea to u rethane indexes .
  • More TDI and water were used in the formulation for foam sample lb than 1 a in order to raise the u rea/urethane index while in order to achieve the same degree of blowing (density and pore size) , some Freon was used in the formulations for foam l a and 1 c.
  • the urea to urethane ratio was 3.49 for foams l a and 1 c, 5.37 for foam lb and 4.30 for foam Id .
  • the foam formulations are given in Table 1 . Formulation Procedure
  • the foam samples were made as handmixes in the laboratory . All components , with the exception of TDI , are weighed into a single container and premixed 10-20 seconds . While continuing to mix , the appropriate amount of TDI is added and mixing continued another 5-10 seconds. Mixing is stopped and the pre- foam mix is transferred to an open, cardboard box (mold).
  • the mixture is allowed to free rise and stand until the polymer sets (usually 5 to 10 minutes).
  • the foam is cured one hour at 110°C. , allowed to stand 24 hours, reticulated and then prepared for abrasion resistance testing.
  • sample lb has dramatically higher weight loss (lower abrasion resistance) than samples la, lc and Id.
  • sample lb has about the same density as sample la (equivalent amounts of polymer in the foam structure) and was stronger than samples la, lb and Id (higher tensile strength, tear strength and elasticity i.e., % elongation which properties under prior conven- tional reasoning suggest a stronger, more abrasion resistant foam) .
  • a comparison of foam sample lc with Id supports the surprising conclusion that urea to urethane ratio for the polyurethane formulation has a tremendous influence upon the abrasion resistance of the resulting polyurethane foam.
  • Traditional adjustments to polyurethane foam formulations to obtain denser or stronger foams are not as significant in controlling abrasion resistance and can actually lower the abrasion resistance of the foam.
  • This surprising conclusion is supported by samples lc and Id that have equivalent densities. Sample Id is less abrasion resistant than sample lc although stronger in such traditional measurements of strength as tensile strength, tear strength (e.g. shear) and elasticity.
  • samples 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e Five samples of polyu rethane foam were produced and designated as samples 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e. The samples were tested for abrasion resistance using the above proceedu re. The formulations for each sample were adjusted in order to obtain comparative sample pairs having similar densities (2a and 2e) , similar tensile strengths (2a and 2d) and similar pore sizes (2b and 2e) . The formulations, physical properties of the samples, and test results are given in Table I I . Samples 2a and 2e each had a density of
  • foam sample 2a was substantially higher than the abrasion resistance of foam sample 2e.
  • Foam samples 2a and 2d had the same tensile strength, although sample 2a had significantly higher abrasion resistance.
  • Sample 2b has a pore size comparable to sample 2e but significantly higher abrasion resistance than sample 2e. The strongest foams in terms of tensile strength (2d and 2e) had the worst abrasion resistance.
  • the container was a pres ⁇ su re vessel with a clear plexiglass top fitted di rectly to the foam machine head .
  • the vessel had valving to allow gases to be introduced, vented or exhausted .
  • the vessel was sized to accommodate 5 gallon plastic bags as a removable foam mold . 2.
  • Foaming under pressure the same procedure as atmospheric foaming was employed except a predetermined amount of foam reactants was poured into the sealed pressure vessel and allowed to rise until the gases (CO-) and heat evolved from the reactions generated a pressure of approximately 20-21 psig . This pressure restrained the rising foam volume resulting in almost doubling of the expected free- rise density.
  • foams of identical density can have significantly different abrasion resistance depending upon the urea to urethane index and likewise foams of identical tensile strength can differ significantly in abrasion resistance depending upon the urea to u rethane index .
  • foams having comparable cell structure
  • Niax Polyol 16-56 is a trademark of Union Carbide for a 3000 molecular weight, trifunctional polyether polyol resin (made by Union Carbide) . It is a reaction product of glycerine, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. It contains 8 to 10% internal ethylene oxide.
  • L6202 is a trademark for a hydrolyzable silicone su rfactant for use in the manufactu re of flexible polyether foam and made by Union Carbide.
  • Fomrez C-9 is a. trademark for a catalyst consisting of one part of stannous octoate carried in 5 parts dioctylphthalate and made by Witco Chemical Company .
  • Niax Catalyst C-124 is a trademark for a catalyst consisting of one part of bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether carried in 6 parts dipropylene glycol . Made by Union Carbide.
  • Fomrez C-6 is a trademark for a catalyst consisting of one part of stannous octoate carried in 2 parts dioctylphthalate.
  • Dabco 33 LV stands for a catalyst consisting of one part of Dabco carried in 2 parts of dipropylene glycol . Dabco is triethylene diamine, made by Air Products . 7. Freon-11 is a trademark for a low boiling point blowing agent, trichloromonofluoromethane made by Union Carbide. 8. TDI stands for toluene diisocyanate commercially available as an isomer mixture.
  • Y is the abrasion resistance using the procedure described above and an abrasion test time of 1-44 hours and X is the urea/ urethane ratio as previous ly def ined .
  • Figure 1 i llustrates a curve which is the plot of the mathematical formula calculated by the regres ion analys i s of a plural ity of data values .
  • the highest abras ion res istance is achieved with foams having lower urea to urethane urethane ratio as previously defined .
  • the line shown in Figure 1 is the plot of the mathematical formula calculated by the regres- sion analysis .
  • the highest abrasion resistance is achieved with foams having lower u rea to urethane ratios and the data points suggests a separation in the abrasion resistance between foams having a u rea to urethane ratio less than about 5 versus foams having higher u rea to urethane ratios .
  • u rea to urethane ratio is not the sole predictor of abrasion resistance, density, pore size and elongation also affect abrasion resistance.
  • the surprising discovery is that in addition when any of the traditional indicators of polyurethane foam strength are the same between two foams, the foam with the lower u rea to urethane ratio has surprisingly better abrasion resistance. Conversely, abrasion resistance is improved when the foam formulation is modified to lower the u rea/u rethane ration .
  • the best mode presently contemplated for practicing the present invention is to select a polyu rethane foam formulation employing conventional chemical reactants to achieve a polyu rethane foam having good hydrolytic stability and flexibility in accordance with known art but to adjust the foam formulation so selected to have a urea to urethane ratio less than about 5 and preferably between 1 and 4 and also for the foam formulation to have a urethane index of 100.
  • Polyurethane foam is preferably reticulated (dewindowed) and used in particles of generally cubic or spherical shape of about one to five centimeters in diameter or on a side.
  • Foam pre ⁇ ferably has a density of between 1 and 5 lbs/ft 3 (0.016 to 0.080 gm/cc) and a pore size of from 10 to 100 pores per inch ( PPI ) of foam surface.
  • a microbiological metabolic process is preferably performed employing the above described preferred foam in a large vessel into which the nutrient containing water is fed under suitable temperature and oxygen (or lack of oxygen) conditions for growth of the desi red microorganism in the vessel .
  • the vessel contents -20- are preferrably agitated and suitable growth conditions maintained in the vessel throughout the process . Under such conditions, the cells in the foam become loaded with colonies of the microorganism.
  • Such loaded foam pieces (support structure) are removed from the vessel microorganism removed as by squeezing and the foam returned to the vessel .
  • steady-state conditions are maintained by continuously adding the nutrient stream, removing treated liquid and removing foam, squeezing and returning foam to the vessel .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

Une mousse de polyuréthane améliorée présentant une longévité accrue est utilisée dans un processus microbiologique où la mousse sert de milieu de support de microorganismes dans un système aqueux contenant des substances nutritives pour les microorganismes. Un procédé amélioré de métabolisation microbiologique (par exemple digestion) utilisant la mousse améliorée est également utilisé dans le traitement des eaux usées. L'invention se fonde sur la découverte que la durée de vie de la mousse dans un tel environnement aqueux abrasif est sensiblement prolongée si la composition de mousse de polyuréthane présente un rapport urée/uréthane inférieur à 5 environ et de préférence un indice d'uréthane d'environ 100.
EP85901675A 1985-02-26 1985-02-26 Mousse de polyurethane et systeme de metabolisation microbiologique Withdrawn EP0213123A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1985/000317 WO1986004923A1 (fr) 1985-02-26 1985-02-26 Mousse de polyurethane et systeme de metabolisation microbiologique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0213123A1 true EP0213123A1 (fr) 1987-03-11

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Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0213123A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986004923A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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JP2561999B2 (ja) * 1991-08-07 1996-12-11 アライド−シグナル・インコーポレーテッド 廃水からの有機汚染物質の除去法
US8476330B2 (en) * 2007-07-13 2013-07-02 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Polyurethane foam containing synergistic surfactant combinations and process for making same
CN102438950B (zh) 2009-01-13 2016-10-05 捷通国际有限公司 重力供水处理系统
KR20140053812A (ko) * 2010-11-29 2014-05-08 액세스 비지니스 그룹 인터내셔날 엘엘씨 폼 수처리 시스템
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