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EP0209631B1 - Process and burner for combusting liquid fuel - Google Patents

Process and burner for combusting liquid fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0209631B1
EP0209631B1 EP86103115A EP86103115A EP0209631B1 EP 0209631 B1 EP0209631 B1 EP 0209631B1 EP 86103115 A EP86103115 A EP 86103115A EP 86103115 A EP86103115 A EP 86103115A EP 0209631 B1 EP0209631 B1 EP 0209631B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion
air
air mixture
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86103115A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0209631A1 (en
Inventor
Friedhelm Salzmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
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Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Babcock Werke AG filed Critical Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Priority to AT86103115T priority Critical patent/ATE38424T1/en
Publication of EP0209631A1 publication Critical patent/EP0209631A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0209631B1 publication Critical patent/EP0209631B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning liquid fuel with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a burner with the features of the preamble of claim 2.
  • the combustion of liquid fuels containing hydrocarbons basically requires the preparation step of gasifying the liquid before the combustion. If this process takes place within a certain critical time, which is around a hundredth of a second, the combustion takes place exclusively via gaseous intermediate oxidation products, with the end product carbon dioxide ultimately being formed by oxidation of carbon monoxide. This suppresses the formation of soot, the particles of which act as condensation nuclei for acidic combustion products. In addition, a soot coating on the heat exchange surface leads to additional energy losses.
  • the fuel jet supplied under pressure enters a pressure compensation chamber in which the same pressure prevails as in the combustion chamber.
  • An annular gap adjoins the pressure equalization chamber, in which the fuel is atomized by air guided perpendicular to the fuel jet. The air supplied in small quantities and at low pressure is used only for atomization and is no longer required after the start phase.
  • DE-C-3 038 063 describes a burner in which a flow path for the combustion air is formed between the conical lateral surfaces of an insert body and a guide body.
  • the cone tip points to the fuel feed line.
  • the insert body is provided on the outside with guide vanes, which force a swirl on the air flow.
  • This swirl creates a swirling movement in the fuel-air mixture, which causes a recirculation movement of the reaction partners, but at the same time pushes the fuel droplets outwards.
  • the effect of reducing the formation of soot which is intended by the design of the known burner, can only set inadequately, since no absolutely homogeneous mixture is produced.
  • AT-B-234 256 an oil pressure atomizer is shown, in which the oil pressure is sufficient at high power to atomize the oil. At low power, additional atomization is brought about by steam. The atomizing vapor is passed through a narrow gap that is perpendicular to the central oil jet.
  • the invention has for its object to design the generic method and the burner in such a way that even at low throughputs the fuel burns with a completely soot-free flame, clogging of the outlet bore through which the fuel flows is avoided and the flame root is held within the outlet opening.
  • the entire combustion air required for the combustion is used to atomize the fuel.
  • the compact fuel is broken down into fine droplets by opposing air jets and homogeneously mixed with the combustion air.
  • the mixing is further improved by the fact that the air is supplied in a swirl-free manner, so that no centrifugal force acts on the drops, by means of which they can be forced outward and separated. In this way, the conditions are created under which the combustion of the liquid fuel can only take place via gaseous intermediate oxidation products and thus without the formation of soot.
  • the fuel-air mixture thus prepared flows to the outlet opening, the dimensioning and the resulting flow velocity ensure that the flame root is at a certain distance from the place of mixing and homogeneous mixing of finely atomized fuel and combustion air is achieved .
  • the dimensioning of the conical section ensures that the flame root is still within the outlet opening.
  • the drawing shows a longitudinal section through a burner according to the invention.
  • the burner has a guide tube 1 which is provided with a connection 2 for the supply of combustion air.
  • a cylindrical guide body 4 with a flat bottom surface 20 is provided within the guide tube 1.
  • the guide body 4 is axially displaceable. It is arranged at a distance from the guide tube 1 such that an annular channel 3 is formed. The distance is maintained by flat spacers 21, which do not produce a twist.
  • the combustion air flows through this channel 3 in an axially parallel and swirl-free manner.
  • a fuel line for the supply of is centered in the guide tube 1 liquid fuel arranged.
  • the fuel line consists of a tube 5 and an outlet bore 6 which is guided through the longitudinal axis of the guide body 4.
  • the outlet bore 6 opens centrally into the bottom surface 20 of the guide body 4.
  • the guide tube 1 is closed on the outlet side by a closing body 7.
  • the closing body 7 is provided with a flange 8, by means of which the closing body 7 is fastened to a flange 9 of a combustion chamber 10.
  • the combustion chamber 10 is part of a heating boiler 11.
  • the closure body 7 has an outlet opening 12 in the extension of the outlet bore 6.
  • a high-voltage ignition 13 and a flame monitor 14 are passed through the end body 7 and protrude into the combustion chamber 10.
  • the end body 7 contains on the side facing the guide tube 1 a flat end face 15 which is at an axial distance from the bottom surface 20 of the guide body 4.
  • the bottom surface 20 and the end face lie parallel to one another and form a gap 16 of constant width, which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet bore 6.
  • the gap 16 is connected to the annular channel 3 and has a substantially smaller cross section than this.
  • the gap width can be varied by the adjustability of the guide body 4.
  • the cylindrical section 17 merges with a sudden increase in its diameter into a conically widening section 18.
  • a tear-off edge 19 is thereby formed between the cylindrical section 17 and the conical section 18.
  • the cross section of the cylindrical section 17 is chosen so large that the flow velocity of the medium flowing through it is always at least three times greater than the ignition speed of the fuel.
  • the rate of ignition is the rate at which a flame travels back through a fuel-air mixture. For oil, it is about 12 m / s.
  • the largest diameter of the conical section 18 is dimensioned such that the flow velocity of the medium at the outlet from the section 18 is reduced to a speed which is below the ignition speed.
  • the liquid fuel emerges as a compact jet at an average speed of 2 m / s.
  • the combustion air flows axially parallel and swirl-free through the annular channel 3 and, after a deflection of 90 °, hits the fuel jet perpendicularly in the gap 16.
  • the air jets are accelerated considerably within the gap 16 formed by the plane-parallel surfaces 15, 20 and collide at high speed in the center of the gap 16.
  • the highly accelerated air jets break the centrally entering fuel jet into fine droplets with a diameter of about 0.02 mm and produce a homogeneous mixture of fuel droplets and air.
  • the fuel-air mixture prepared in this way flows through the cylindrical section 17 of the outlet opening 12 at a flow speed which is significantly above the ignition speed, this speed being reduced within the conical section 18 to a value below the ignition speed.
  • the flame root stabilizes in the conical section 18 of the outlet opening 12, and even when the combustion chamber 10 is cold, a soot-free flame with a very rapid combustion reaction is formed immediately, so that the combustion of the fuel vapors is already at Exit from the combustion chamber 10 is complete.
  • This enables the design of heat exchangers with small dimensions and turbulent flue gas flow in narrow flue gas flues, especially since soot is not produced in any setting, not even in the absence of air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process for the combustion of liquid fuel with air for combustion which is guided free of spin perpendicularly to a central fuel jet through a gap bounded by two planar parallel surfaces and is at the same time accelerated appreciably, wherein the compact fuel jet is broken up and the fuel-air mixture thus produced is conducted to a combustion space, characterized thereby, that the fuel-air mixture is conducted away at a flow speed which corresponds to three times the ignition speed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von flüssigem Brennstoff mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruchs 1 und einen Brenner mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruchs 2.The invention relates to a method for burning liquid fuel with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a burner with the features of the preamble of claim 2.

Die Verbrennung von flüssigen, Kohlenwasserstoffe enthaltenden Brennstoffen verlangt grundsätzlich den Aufbereitungsschritt der Vergasung der Flüssigkeit vor der Verbrennung. Vollzieht sich dieser Vorgang innerhalb einer gewissen kritischen Zeit, die etwa bei einer hundertstel Sekunde liegt, verläuft die Verbrennung ausschließlich über gasförmige Zwischenoxidationsprodukte, wobei schließlich das Endprodukt Kohlendioxid durch Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid entsteht. Dabei wird die Bildung von Ruß unterdrückt, dessen Partikel als Kondensationskerne für saure Verbrennungsprodukte wirken. Ferner führt ein Rußbelag auf der Wärmeaustauschfläche zu zusätzlichen Energieverlusten.The combustion of liquid fuels containing hydrocarbons basically requires the preparation step of gasifying the liquid before the combustion. If this process takes place within a certain critical time, which is around a hundredth of a second, the combustion takes place exclusively via gaseous intermediate oxidation products, with the end product carbon dioxide ultimately being formed by oxidation of carbon monoxide. This suppresses the formation of soot, the particles of which act as condensation nuclei for acidic combustion products. In addition, a soot coating on the heat exchange surface leads to additional energy losses.

Bei einer aus der EP-A-0 043 908 bekannten Zerstäuberdüse tritt der unter Druck zugeführte Brennstoffstrahl in einen Druckausgleichsraum ein, in dem der gleiche Druck herrscht wie in dem Brennraum. An den Druckausgleichsraum schließt sich ein Ringspalt an, in dem der Brennstoff durch senkrecht zum Brennstoffstrahl geführte Luft zerstäubt wird. Die in geringer Menge und mit geringem Druck zugeführte Luft dient ausschließlich der Zerstäubung und wird nach Beendigung der Startphase nicht mehr benötigt.In an atomizer nozzle known from EP-A-0 043 908, the fuel jet supplied under pressure enters a pressure compensation chamber in which the same pressure prevails as in the combustion chamber. An annular gap adjoins the pressure equalization chamber, in which the fuel is atomized by air guided perpendicular to the fuel jet. The air supplied in small quantities and at low pressure is used only for atomization and is no longer required after the start phase.

In der DE-C-3 038 063 ist ein Brenner beschrieben, bei dem zwischen den konischen Mantelflächen eines Einsatzkörpers und eines Leitkörpers ein Strömungsweg für die Verbrennungsluft gebildet ist. Dabei weist die Konusspitze zur Brennstoffzuleitung.DE-C-3 038 063 describes a burner in which a flow path for the combustion air is formed between the conical lateral surfaces of an insert body and a guide body. The cone tip points to the fuel feed line.

Auf diese Weise wird die Luft in einer Rückströmung zur Brennstoffzuführung geführt. Darüber hinaus ist der Einsatzkörper auf seiner Außenseite mit Leitschaufeln versehen, die dem Luftstrom einen Drall aufzwingen. Dieser Drall erzeugt in dem Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch eine Wirbelbewegung, die eine Rezirkulationsbewegung der Reaktionspartner bewirkt, dabei aber die Brennstofftrofpen nach außen drängt. Die durch die Gestaltung des bekannten Brenners beabsichtigte Wirkung einer Verringerung der Rußbildung kann sich nur unzureichend einstellen, da kein absolut homogenes Gemisch entsteht.In this way, the air is conducted in a return flow to the fuel supply. In addition, the insert body is provided on the outside with guide vanes, which force a swirl on the air flow. This swirl creates a swirling movement in the fuel-air mixture, which causes a recirculation movement of the reaction partners, but at the same time pushes the fuel droplets outwards. The effect of reducing the formation of soot, which is intended by the design of the known burner, can only set inadequately, since no absolutely homogeneous mixture is produced.

In der AT-B-234 256 ist ein Öldruckzerstäuber gezeigt, bei dem bei hoher Leistung der Öldruck ausreicht, um das Öl zu zerstäuben. Bei geringer Leistung wird durch Dampf eine zusätzliche Zerstäubung bewirkt. Der Zerstäuberdampf wird durch einen engen Spalt geführt, der senkrecht zu dem zentralen Ölstrahl verläuft.In AT-B-234 256 an oil pressure atomizer is shown, in which the oil pressure is sufficient at high power to atomize the oil. At low power, additional atomization is brought about by steam. The atomizing vapor is passed through a narrow gap that is perpendicular to the central oil jet.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das gattungsgemäße Verfahren und den Brenner derart auszubilden, daß auch bei geringen Durchsätzen der Brennstoff mit einer'völlig rußfreien Flamme brennt, ein Verstopfen der vom Brennstoff durchflossenen Austrittsbohrung vermieden und die Flammenwurzel innerhalb der Austrittsöffnung gehalten ist.The invention has for its object to design the generic method and the burner in such a way that even at low throughputs the fuel burns with a completely soot-free flame, clogging of the outlet bore through which the fuel flows is avoided and the flame root is held within the outlet opening.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Ein Brenner zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 2 gekennzeichnet. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved in a generic method by the characterizing features of claim 1. A burner for performing this method is characterized by the features of claim 2. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Bei dem Erfindungsgegenstand wird die gesamte für die Verbrennung notwendige Verbrennungsluft zur Zerstäubung des Brennstoffes verwendet. Dabei wird der kompakte Brennstoff durch einander entgegengerichtete Luftstrahlen in feinste Tröpfchen zerschlagen und mit der Verbrennungsluft homogen vermischt. Die Vermischung wird noch dadurch verbessert, daß die Luft drallfrei zugeführt wird, so daß auf die Tropfen keine Zentrifugalkraft wirkt, durch die sie nach außen gedrängt und separiert werden könnten. Auf diese Weise werden die Voraussetzungen geschaffen, unter denen die Verbrennung des flüssigen Brennstoffes ausschließlich über gasförmige Zwischenoxidationsprodukte und damit ohne Rußbildung erfolgen kann. Das so aufbereitete Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch strömt der Austrittsöffnung zu, durch deren Bemessung und die sich dadurch einstellende Strömungsgeschwindigkeit sichergestellt ist, daß die Flammenwurzel in einem bestimmten Abstand von dem Ort der Vermischung liegt und eine homogene Vermischung von fein zerstäubtem Brennstoff und Verbrennungsluft erzielt wird. Durch die Bemessung des konischen Abschnittes wird erreicht, daß die Flammwurzel aber noch innerhalb der Austrittsöffnung sich befindet.In the subject matter of the invention, the entire combustion air required for the combustion is used to atomize the fuel. The compact fuel is broken down into fine droplets by opposing air jets and homogeneously mixed with the combustion air. The mixing is further improved by the fact that the air is supplied in a swirl-free manner, so that no centrifugal force acts on the drops, by means of which they can be forced outward and separated. In this way, the conditions are created under which the combustion of the liquid fuel can only take place via gaseous intermediate oxidation products and thus without the formation of soot. The fuel-air mixture thus prepared flows to the outlet opening, the dimensioning and the resulting flow velocity ensure that the flame root is at a certain distance from the place of mixing and homogeneous mixing of finely atomized fuel and combustion air is achieved . The dimensioning of the conical section ensures that the flame root is still within the outlet opening.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung stellt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Brenner gemäß der Erfindung dar.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail below. The drawing shows a longitudinal section through a burner according to the invention.

Der Brenner weist ein Führungsrohr 1 auf, das mit einem Anschluß 2 für die Zuführung von Verbrennungsluft versehen ist. Innerhalb des Führungsrohres 1 ist ein zylindrischer Leitkörper 4 mit einer ebenen Bodenfläche 20 vorgesehen. Der Leitkörper 4 ist axial verschiebbar. Er ist mit Abstand von dem Führungsrohr 1 derart angeordnet, daß ein ringförmiger Kanal 3 gebildet ist. Dabei wird der Abstand durch ebene Distanzstücke 21, die keinen Drall erzeugen, eingehalten. Dieser Kanal 3 wird von der Verbrennungsluft achsparallel und drallfrei durchströmt.The burner has a guide tube 1 which is provided with a connection 2 for the supply of combustion air. A cylindrical guide body 4 with a flat bottom surface 20 is provided within the guide tube 1. The guide body 4 is axially displaceable. It is arranged at a distance from the guide tube 1 such that an annular channel 3 is formed. The distance is maintained by flat spacers 21, which do not produce a twist. The combustion air flows through this channel 3 in an axially parallel and swirl-free manner.

Zentrisch in dem Führungsrohr 1 ist eine Brennstoffleitung für die Zuführung von flüssigem Brennstoff angeordnet. Die Brennstoffleitung besteht aus einem Rohr 5 und einer Austrittsbohrung 6, die durch die Längsachse des Leitkörpers 4 geführt ist. Die Austrittsbohrung 6 mündet zentrisch in die Bodenfläche 20 des Leitkörpers 4.A fuel line for the supply of is centered in the guide tube 1 liquid fuel arranged. The fuel line consists of a tube 5 and an outlet bore 6 which is guided through the longitudinal axis of the guide body 4. The outlet bore 6 opens centrally into the bottom surface 20 of the guide body 4.

Das Führungsrohr 1 ist austrittsseitig durch einen Abschlußkörper 7 verschlossen. Der Abschlußkörper 7 ist mit einem Flansch 8 versehen, über den der Abschlußkörper 7 an einem Flansch 9 einer Brennkammer 10 befestigt ist. Die Brennkammer 10 ist ein Teil eines Heizungskessels 11. Der Abschlußkörper 7 weist in der Verlängerung der Austrittsbohrung 6 eine Austrittsöffnung 12 auf. Außerdem sind durch den Abschlußkörper 7 eine Hochspannungszündung 13 und eine Flammenüberwachung 14 hindurchgeführt, die in die Brennkammer 10 hineinragen.The guide tube 1 is closed on the outlet side by a closing body 7. The closing body 7 is provided with a flange 8, by means of which the closing body 7 is fastened to a flange 9 of a combustion chamber 10. The combustion chamber 10 is part of a heating boiler 11. The closure body 7 has an outlet opening 12 in the extension of the outlet bore 6. In addition, a high-voltage ignition 13 and a flame monitor 14 are passed through the end body 7 and protrude into the combustion chamber 10.

Der Abschlußkörper 7 enthält auf der dem Führungsrohr 1 zugewandten Seite eine ebene Stirnfläche 15, der in einem axialen Abstand die Bodenfläche 20 des Leitkörpers 4 gegenübersteht. Die Bodenfläche 20 und die Stirnfläche liegen parallel zueinander und bilden einen Spalt 16 von gleichbleibender Breite, der senkrecht zu der Längsachse der Austrittsbohrung 6 verläuft.The end body 7 contains on the side facing the guide tube 1 a flat end face 15 which is at an axial distance from the bottom surface 20 of the guide body 4. The bottom surface 20 and the end face lie parallel to one another and form a gap 16 of constant width, which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet bore 6.

Der Spalt 16 steht mit dem ringförmigen Kanal 3 in Verbindung und weist einen wesentlich geringeren Querschnitt als dieser auf. Durch die Verstellbarkeit des Leitkörpers 4 kann die Spaltbreite variiert werden.The gap 16 is connected to the annular channel 3 and has a substantially smaller cross section than this. The gap width can be varied by the adjustability of the guide body 4.

Die Austrittsöffnung 12 weist, in Strömungsrichtung gesehen, zunächst einen zylindrischen Abschnitt 17 auf, dessen Durchmesser gleich seiner Höhe ist. Der zylindrische Abschnitt 17 geht unter sprunghafter Vergrößerung seines Durchmessers in einen sich konisch erweiternden Abschnitt 18 über. Zwischen dem zylindrischen Abschnitt 17 und dem konischen Abschnitt 18 ist dadurch eine Abreißkante 19 gebildet. Der Querschnitt des zylindrischen Abschnittes 17 ist in Abhängigkeit von der Breite des Spaltes 16 so groß gewählt, daß in ihm die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des durchströmenden Mediums stets um mindestens das Dreifache größer ist als die Zündgeschwindigkeit des Brennstoffes. Die Zündgeschwindigkeit ist die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine Flamme durch ein Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch zurückwandert. Sie beträgt für Öl etwa 12 m/s. Der größte Durchmesser des konischen Abschnittes 18 ist so dimensioniert, daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Mediums am Austritt aus dem Abschnitt 18 auf eine Geschwindigkeit abgebaut wird, die unterhalb der Zündgeschwindigkeit liegt.The outlet opening 12, viewed in the direction of flow, initially has a cylindrical section 17, the diameter of which is equal to its height. The cylindrical section 17 merges with a sudden increase in its diameter into a conically widening section 18. A tear-off edge 19 is thereby formed between the cylindrical section 17 and the conical section 18. Depending on the width of the gap 16, the cross section of the cylindrical section 17 is chosen so large that the flow velocity of the medium flowing through it is always at least three times greater than the ignition speed of the fuel. The rate of ignition is the rate at which a flame travels back through a fuel-air mixture. For oil, it is about 12 m / s. The largest diameter of the conical section 18 is dimensioned such that the flow velocity of the medium at the outlet from the section 18 is reduced to a speed which is below the ignition speed.

Durch die zentrische Austrittsbohrung 6 tritt der flüssige Brennstoff als kompakter Strahl mit einer mittleren Geschwindigkeit von 2 m/s aus. Die Verbrennungsluft strömt achsparallel und drallfrei durch den ringförmigen Kanal 3 und trifft nach einer Umlenkung von 90° in dem Spalt 16 senkrecht auf den Brennstoffstrahl. Innerhalb des durch die planparallelen Flächen 15, 20 gebildeten Spaltes 16 werden die Luftstrahlen erheblich beschleunigt und prallen im Zentrum des Spaltes 16 mit hoher Geschwindigkeit zusammen.Through the central outlet bore 6, the liquid fuel emerges as a compact jet at an average speed of 2 m / s. The combustion air flows axially parallel and swirl-free through the annular channel 3 and, after a deflection of 90 °, hits the fuel jet perpendicularly in the gap 16. The air jets are accelerated considerably within the gap 16 formed by the plane-parallel surfaces 15, 20 and collide at high speed in the center of the gap 16.

Die hochbeschleunigten Luftstrahlen zerschlagen den zentrisch eintretenden Brennstoffstrahl in feinste Tröpfchen mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 0,02 mm und erzeugen eine homogene Vermischung von Brennstofftröpfchen und Luft. Das so aufbereitete Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch durchströmt den zylindrischen Abschnitt 17 der Austrittsöffnung 12 mit einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, die deutlich oberhalb der Zündgeschwindigkeit liegt, wobei diese Geschwindigkeit innerhalb des konischen Abschnittes 18 auf einen Wert unterhalb der Zündgeschwindigkeit abgebaut wird. Nach der Zündung des Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches in der Brennkammer 10 stabilisiert sich die Flammenwurzel in dem konischen Abschnitt 18 der Austrittsöffnung 12, wobei auch bei kalter Brennkammer 10 sofort eine rußfreie Flamme mit sehr rascher Verbrennungsreaktion entsteht, so daß die Verbrennung der Brennstoffdämpfe bereits beim Austritt aus der Brennkammer 10 abgeschlossen ist. Dies ermöglicht die Konstruktion von Wärmetauschern mit geringen Abmessungen und turbulenter Rauchgasströmung in engen Rauchgaszügen, zumal in keiner Einstellung, auch nicht bei Luftmangel, Ruß entsteht.The highly accelerated air jets break the centrally entering fuel jet into fine droplets with a diameter of about 0.02 mm and produce a homogeneous mixture of fuel droplets and air. The fuel-air mixture prepared in this way flows through the cylindrical section 17 of the outlet opening 12 at a flow speed which is significantly above the ignition speed, this speed being reduced within the conical section 18 to a value below the ignition speed. After the ignition of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber 10, the flame root stabilizes in the conical section 18 of the outlet opening 12, and even when the combustion chamber 10 is cold, a soot-free flame with a very rapid combustion reaction is formed immediately, so that the combustion of the fuel vapors is already at Exit from the combustion chamber 10 is complete. This enables the design of heat exchangers with small dimensions and turbulent flue gas flow in narrow flue gas flues, especially since soot is not produced in any setting, not even in the absence of air.

Claims (4)

1. Process for the combustion of liquid fuel with air for combustion which is guided free of spin perpendicularly to a central fuel jet through a gap bounded by two planar parallel surfaces and is at the same time accelerated appreciably, wherein the compact fuel jet is broken up and the fuel-air mixture thus produced is conducted to a combustion space, characterised thereby, that the fuel-air mixture is conducted away at a flow speed which corresponds to three times the ignition speed.
2. Burner for liquid fuel with a guide tube (1) for air for combustion, in which tube a guide body (4) is arranged at a spacing while forming an annular channel (3), which guide body is axially displaceable and through which a fuel duct with a central exit bore (6) is led axially, co-axially with which an exit opening (12) for the fuelair mixture is provided, for the carrying-out of a process according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that a gap (16) at the exit end of the guide tube (1) is bounded by two planar parallel surfaces (15, 16), extends in the guide body (4) perpendicularly to the axis of the exit bore (6) and displays a substantially narrower cross-section than the annular channel (3), and that the cross-section of the exit opening (12) for the fuel-air mixture is dimensioned in dependence on the performance of the burner to be so large that the flow speed of the mixture corresponds to at least three times the ignition speed.
3. Burner according to claim 2, characterised thereby, that the exit opening (12) initially displays a cylindrical portion (17), the diameter and length of which are equally great, and that the cylindrical portion (17) passes over into a portion (18) enlarging conically in the direction of flow of the fuel-air mixture.
4. Burner according to claim 3, characterised thereby, that the smallest diameter of the conical portion (18) is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical portion (17) and that the greatest diameter of the concial portion (18) displays such a value that the flow speed of the fuel-air mixture is smaller than the ignition speed.
EP86103115A 1985-07-24 1986-03-08 Process and burner for combusting liquid fuel Expired EP0209631B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86103115T ATE38424T1 (en) 1985-07-24 1986-03-08 PROCESSES AND BURNERS FOR COMBUSTING LIQUID FUEL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3526482A DE3526482C1 (en) 1985-07-24 1985-07-24 Burners for burning liquid fuel
DE3526482 1985-07-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0209631A1 EP0209631A1 (en) 1987-01-28
EP0209631B1 true EP0209631B1 (en) 1988-11-02

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EP86103115A Expired EP0209631B1 (en) 1985-07-24 1986-03-08 Process and burner for combusting liquid fuel

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EP (1) EP0209631B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE38424T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3526482C1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3702415C1 (en) * 1987-01-28 1988-04-21 Babcock Werke Ag burner
US6729874B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2004-05-04 John Zink Company, Llc Venturi cluster, and burners and methods employing such cluster

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1296911A (en) * 1961-08-04 1962-06-22 Pillard Chauffage Improvement to mechanical atomizing liquid fuel burners with variable return flow, to increase the magnitude of their usable flow variation
AT234256B (en) * 1962-07-13 1964-06-25 Unitherm Oesterreich Gmbh Pressure atomization burners for liquid fuels
AT285013B (en) * 1969-04-08 1970-10-12 Dumag Ohg Device for spraying liquids, in particular liquid fuels
US3777983A (en) * 1971-12-16 1973-12-11 Gen Electric Gas cooled dual fuel air atomized fuel nozzle
DE2729321C2 (en) * 1977-06-29 1983-10-20 Smit Ovens Nijmegen B.V., Nijmegen Process for the combustion of liquid fuel and burner device for carrying out the process
DE3026832A1 (en) * 1980-07-16 1982-02-11 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln SPRAYER NOZZLE FOR CONTINUOUS FUEL INJECTION
DE3038063C2 (en) * 1980-10-08 1983-07-28 Braukmann Kessel GmbH, 6966 Seckach Oil burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0209631A1 (en) 1987-01-28
DE3661106D1 (en) 1988-12-08
DE3526482C1 (en) 1986-12-18
ATE38424T1 (en) 1988-11-15

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