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EP0288657B1 - Sub-calibre projectile - Google Patents

Sub-calibre projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0288657B1
EP0288657B1 EP88100568A EP88100568A EP0288657B1 EP 0288657 B1 EP0288657 B1 EP 0288657B1 EP 88100568 A EP88100568 A EP 88100568A EP 88100568 A EP88100568 A EP 88100568A EP 0288657 B1 EP0288657 B1 EP 0288657B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sabot
projectile
sub
guide part
projectiles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88100568A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0288657A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus-Dieter Pahnke
Rolf Dr. Holl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Industrie AG
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall GmbH
Publication of EP0288657A1 publication Critical patent/EP0288657A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0288657B1 publication Critical patent/EP0288657B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sub-caliber projectile as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such projectiles are known, for example, from Rheinmetall's book “Waffentechnisches Taschenbuch", 4th edition Düsseldorf 1977, page 472 ff.
  • the sabots have an abrupt front wall profile, air pockets being located in the front wall.
  • the air pockets support the detachment of the sabot segments by, in addition to the centrifugal force acting radially, the air resistance force also acting on the segments.
  • the general rule is that the drive cages should be as light as possible so that the acceleration process in the pipe is not countered by excessive mass. In addition, the detachment process should not be inhibited by excessive inertia.
  • a sub-caliber projectile with a sabot which has a relatively narrow caliber middle part with an air pocket and two guide parts tapering conically towards the projectile.
  • the bow-side guide part is designed to be relatively short, so that the sabot segments are detached quickly after leaving the tube and without disrupting flight behavior.
  • the present invention has for its object to develop a sub-caliber projectile of the type mentioned so that the smallest possible mass is required even with relatively long sabot and that the detachment of the sabot segments takes place quickly after leaving the tube and without disrupting the flight behavior of the projectile core .
  • the invention is therefore essentially based on the idea that the projectile core is guided beyond the usually used first air pocket by a relatively long, conically shaped guide part.
  • the guide part In order to significantly improve the detachment of the entire sabot, the guide part also has an air pocket.
  • 1 denotes a wing-stabilized sub-caliber projectile.
  • This projectile consists of the projectile core 20 and of the sabot 30.
  • This sabot is, for example, rotationally symmetrical and usually consists of three identical segments in the circumferential direction, which are separated by predetermined breaking points (not shown).
  • the sabot 30 contains a first air pocket in its front part 31. In front of this air pocket there is a conically shaped guide part 32, at the front end 33 of which there is a second air pocket 34. As is usual with large-caliber projectiles, the front part 21 of the projectile core 20 protrudes from the sabot 30
  • the operation of the sabot 30 without the guide member 32 is known per se.
  • the air forces act primarily on the front part of the sabot 30, so that there is first a tearing open at the predetermined breaking points, not shown.
  • the sabot segments therefore separate from the bow-side to the rear-side part of the floor core.
  • the strength of the predetermined breaking points must be so great that there is still no detachment of the guide part segments along the (not shown) predetermined breaking line in the tube itself, because otherwise the property of the guide part, namely guiding the projectile core inside the tube, is lost.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein unterkalibriges Geschoß wie es im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 näher definiert ist.The invention relates to a sub-caliber projectile as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Geschosse sind beispielsweise aus dem Buch von Rheinmetall "Waffentechnisches Taschenbuch", 4. Auflage Düsseldorf 1977, Seite 472 ff, bekannt. Insbesondere bei großkalibrigen Geschossen, d. h. bei Geschossen, wie sie beispielsweise aus Panzerkanonen verschossen werden, weisen die Treibkäfige einen sprunghaften vorderen Wandverlauf auf, wobei sich in der vorderen Wand Lufttaschen befinden. Diese sollen bei Geschossen, welche aus Glattrohrkanonen verschossen werden, die Ablösung des Treibkäfigs nach Verlassen des Rohres einleiten. Bei drallstabilisierten Geschossen unterstützen die Lufttaschen die Ablösung der Treibkäfigsegmente, indem zusätzlich zu der radial wirkenden Fliehkraft noch die Luftwiderstandskraft an den Segmenten angreift.Such projectiles are known, for example, from Rheinmetall's book "Waffentechnisches Taschenbuch", 4th edition Düsseldorf 1977, page 472 ff. In particular in the case of large-caliber projectiles, ie projectiles such as those fired from armored cannons, the sabots have an abrupt front wall profile, air pockets being located in the front wall. In the case of projectiles which are fired from smooth-tube cannons, these are intended to initiate the detachment of the sabot after leaving the tube. In the case of swirl-stabilized projectiles, the air pockets support the detachment of the sabot segments by, in addition to the centrifugal force acting radially, the air resistance force also acting on the segments.

Ganz allgemein gilt, daß die Treibkäfige möglichst leicht sein sollen, um dem Beschleunigungsvorgang im Rohr keine zu hohe Masse entgegenzusetzen. Außerdem soll der Ablösevorgang nicht durch zu große Trägheit gehemmt werden.The general rule is that the drive cages should be as light as possible so that the acceleration process in the pipe is not countered by excessive mass. In addition, the detachment process should not be inhibited by excessive inertia.

Da es häufig erforderlich ist, relativ lange Treibkäfige zu verwenden, ergeben sich auch relativ hohe Treibkäfigmassen. Dieses gilt insbesondere bei Pfeilgeschossen mit hoher Querschnittsbelastung (hohem Verhältnis von Geschoßmasse zu seinem Querschnitt), bei denen die Treibkäfige eine sehr genaue Führung des Geschoßkerns im Rohr übernehmen müssen.Since it is often necessary to use relatively long sabot cages, there are also relatively large sabot cages. This applies in particular to arrow projectiles with a high cross-sectional load (high ratio of projectile mass to its cross-section), in which the sabot cages must take over a very precise guidance of the projectile core in the tube.

Aus der US-A-4,469,027 ist ferner ein unterkalibriges Geschoß mit einem Treibkäfig bekannt, welcher ein relativ schmales kalibergleiches Mittelteil mit Lufttasche und zwei konisch zum Geschoß hin sich verjüngende Führungsteile aufweist. Dabei ist das bugseitige Führungsteil relativ kurz ausgebildet, damit die Ablösung der Treibkäfigsegmente nach Verlassen des Rohres schnell und ohne Störung des Flugverhaltens erfolgt. Auch in diesem Fall wäre es besonders bei großkalibrigen Geschossen wünschenswert im Hinblick auf eine sehr genaue Führung des Geschoßkerns im Rohr das bugseitige Führungsteil des Treibkäfigs relativ lang auszubilden.From US-A-4,469,027 a sub-caliber projectile with a sabot is also known, which has a relatively narrow caliber middle part with an air pocket and two guide parts tapering conically towards the projectile. The bow-side guide part is designed to be relatively short, so that the sabot segments are detached quickly after leaving the tube and without disrupting flight behavior. In this case too, it would be desirable, particularly in the case of large-caliber projectiles, to make the bow-side guide part of the sabot relatively long in order to guide the projectile core very precisely in the tube.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein unterkalibriges Geschoß der eingangs erwähnten Art so weiterzuentwickeln, daß auch bei relativ langen Treibkäfigen eine möglichst geringe Masse erforderlich ist, und daß die Ablösung der Treibkäfigsegmente nach Verlassen des Rohres schnell und ohne Störung des Flugverhaltens des Geschoßkernes erfolgt.The present invention has for its object to develop a sub-caliber projectile of the type mentioned so that the smallest possible mass is required even with relatively long sabot and that the detachment of the sabot segments takes place quickly after leaving the tube and without disrupting the flight behavior of the projectile core .

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Der Erfindung liegt also im wesentlichen der Gedanke zugrunde, daß eine Führung des Geschoßkerns noch über die üblicherweise verwendete erste Lufttasche hinaus durch ein relativ langes, konisch ausgebildetes Führungsteil erfolgt. Um die Ablösung des gesamten Treibkäfigs wesentlich zu verbessern, besitzt auch das Führungsteil eine Lufttasche.The invention is therefore essentially based on the idea that the projectile core is guided beyond the usually used first air pocket by a relatively long, conically shaped guide part. In order to significantly improve the detachment of the entire sabot, the guide part also has an air pocket.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand eines in einer Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.Further details and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in a figure.

In dieser Figur ist mit 1 ein flügelstabilisiertes unterkalibriges Geschoß bezeichnet. Dieses Geschoß besteht aus dem Geschoßkern 20 und aus dem Treibkäfig 30. Dieser Treibkäfig ist beispielsweise rotationssymmetrisch aufgebaut und besteht ¨ublicherweise in Umfangsrichtung aus drei gleichen Segmenten, die durch Sollbruchstellen getrennt sind (nicht dargestellt).In this figure, 1 denotes a wing-stabilized sub-caliber projectile. This projectile consists of the projectile core 20 and of the sabot 30. This sabot is, for example, rotationally symmetrical and usually consists of three identical segments in the circumferential direction, which are separated by predetermined breaking points (not shown).

Der Treibkäfig 30 enthält in seinem vorderen Teil 31 eine erste Lufttasche. Vor dieser Lufttasche ist ein konisch ausgebildetes Führungsteil 32 vorhanden, an dessen vorderen Ende 33 sich eine zweite Lufttasche 34 befindet. Wie bei großkalibrigen Geschossen üblich, ragt der vordere Teil 21 des Geschoßkernes 20 aus dem Treibkäfig 30 herausThe sabot 30 contains a first air pocket in its front part 31. In front of this air pocket there is a conically shaped guide part 32, at the front end 33 of which there is a second air pocket 34. As is usual with large-caliber projectiles, the front part 21 of the projectile core 20 protrudes from the sabot 30

Die Wirkungsweise des Treibkäfigs 30 ohne das Führungsteil 32 ist an sich bekannt. Die Luftkräfte wirken vor allem auf den vorderen Teil des Treibkäfigs 30, so daß hier zunächst ein Aufreißen an den nicht dargestellten Sollbruchstellen erfolgt. Die Treibkäfigsegmente lösen sich daher vom bugseitigen zum heckseitigen Teil des Geschoßkernes ab.The operation of the sabot 30 without the guide member 32 is known per se. The air forces act primarily on the front part of the sabot 30, so that there is first a tearing open at the predetermined breaking points, not shown. The sabot segments therefore separate from the bow-side to the rear-side part of the floor core.

Versuche haben nun gezeigt, daß bei einem konischen Führungsteil 32, das zum Geschoßkern hin ausläuft (vgl. die mit 35 bezeichnete gestrichelte Linie), ein wesentlich ungünstigeres Ablöseverhalten der Treibkäfige auftritt. Dieses wird vor allem verursacht durch den Staudruck, der entlang des konischen Mantels entsteht. Sieht man erfindungsgemäß die Lufttasche 34 vor, so werden die Luftkräfte entlang der Mantellinie des Führungsteiles 32 weitgehend durch die nach außen wirkenden Luftdruckkräfte in der Lufttasche 34 kompensiert.Experiments have now shown that with a conical guide part 32, which runs out towards the projectile core (cf. the dashed line denoted by 35), a considerably less favorable detachment behavior of the sabot cages occurs. This is mainly caused by the dynamic pressure that arises along the conical jacket. If the air pocket 34 is provided according to the invention, the air forces along the surface line of the guide part 32 are largely compensated for by the air pressure forces in the air pocket 34 acting outwards.

Allerdings muß die Festigkeit der Sollbruchstellen so groß sein, daß im Rohr selbst noch kein Ablösen der Führungsteilsegmente entlang der (nicht dargesteltten) Sollbruchlinie erfolgt, weil anderenfalls die Eigenschaft des Führungsteiles, nämlich den Geschoßkern im Inneren des Rohres zu führen, verlorengeht.However, the strength of the predetermined breaking points must be so great that there is still no detachment of the guide part segments along the (not shown) predetermined breaking line in the tube itself, because otherwise the property of the guide part, namely guiding the projectile core inside the tube, is lost.

Selbstverständlich muß - wie bei bekannten Geschossen auch -  mittels Windkanalversuchen bei jedem einzelnen Kaliber die optimale Länge des Treibkäfigs, aber auch der Abstand des Treibkäfigs von der Geschoßspitze ermittelt werden, um zu verhindern, daß es zu instationären Formen der Umströmung des Geschosses 1, insbesondere bei Überschallanströmung, kommt. Im übrigen hat sich gezeigt, daß durch die Lufttasche 34 eine Abminderung dieser instationären Strömungsformen erreicht werden kann, da sie einen definierten Anlegepunkt für einen Verdichtungsstoß darstellt.Of course - as with known bullets - the optimal length of the sabot, but also the distance of the sabot from the projectile tip, must be determined by wind tunnel tests to prevent unsteady flow around the bullet 1, especially with Supersonic flow comes. Moreover, it has been shown that the air pocket 34 can reduce these unsteady flow forms since it represents a defined point of application for a compression shock.

Claims (1)

1. Sub-calibre projectile (1) with a projectile core (20) and a sabot (30), the front part (21) of the projectile core (20) extending from the sabot (30), the sabot (30) having a first air compartment (31), which is intended to bring about the separation of the sabot (30) from the projectile core (20) or constructed to assist this action in the case of spin stabilised projectiles, the sabot (30) having a conical guide part (32) positioned in front of the first air compartment (31), as viewed in the direction of the flight of the projectile, characterised by a second air compartment (34) provided at the front end of the guide part (32).
EP88100568A 1987-04-24 1988-01-16 Sub-calibre projectile Expired - Lifetime EP0288657B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3713721 1987-04-24
DE19873713721 DE3713721A1 (en) 1987-04-24 1987-04-24 SUB-CALIBRARY FLOOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0288657A1 EP0288657A1 (en) 1988-11-02
EP0288657B1 true EP0288657B1 (en) 1991-04-03

Family

ID=6326205

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88100568A Expired - Lifetime EP0288657B1 (en) 1987-04-24 1988-01-16 Sub-calibre projectile

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EP (1) EP0288657B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63273795A (en)
DE (2) DE3713721A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3930255A1 (en) * 1989-09-11 1991-03-21 Rheinmetall Gmbh Countering transverse vibration of slender penetrator with sabot - by terminal projecting struts abutting missile wall
US12066276B2 (en) * 2022-05-05 2024-08-20 Raytheon Company Sabot or cover for seekers, sensitive windows and surface elements on gun launched munitions

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE444984B (en) * 1982-05-28 1986-05-20 Bofors Ab DRIVING ORGANIZATION FOR UNDER-CALIBRATED ROTATION STABILIZED PROJECTIL
US4469027A (en) * 1983-04-15 1984-09-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Armor piercing ammunition having interlocking means

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3713721A1 (en) 1988-11-17
EP0288657A1 (en) 1988-11-02
JPS63273795A (en) 1988-11-10
DE3862230D1 (en) 1991-05-08

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