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EP0278589A1 - Vorrichtung zum Niederschlagen von Tröpfchen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Niederschlagen von Tröpfchen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0278589A1
EP0278589A1 EP88300145A EP88300145A EP0278589A1 EP 0278589 A1 EP0278589 A1 EP 0278589A1 EP 88300145 A EP88300145 A EP 88300145A EP 88300145 A EP88300145 A EP 88300145A EP 0278589 A1 EP0278589 A1 EP 0278589A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ink
channel
channels
liquid metal
electrode means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88300145A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alan John Michaelis
Anthony David Paton
Stephen Temple
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AB Dick Co
Original Assignee
Multigraphics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB878700533A external-priority patent/GB8700533D0/en
Priority claimed from GB878700532A external-priority patent/GB8700532D0/en
Application filed by Multigraphics Inc filed Critical Multigraphics Inc
Publication of EP0278589A1 publication Critical patent/EP0278589A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04586—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits controlling heads of a type not covered by groups B41J2/04575 - B41J2/04585, or of an undefined type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04588—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits using a specific waveform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2002/041—Electromagnetic transducer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14379—Edge shooter

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pulsed droplet deposition apparatus and more particularly to such apparatus including a plurality of droplet deposition channels.
  • Typical of this kind of apparatus are multi-channel pulsed droplet ink jet printers often also referred to as "drop-on-demand" ink jet printers.
  • drop-on-demand ink jet printers offer a simple approach to electronically controlled printing with the advantage that the technique is non-contacting and capable of high speed. It also places the minimum constraints on the ink formulation and printing surfaces.
  • an ink channel connects an ink reservoir to an ejection nozzle.
  • Piezo electric transducers adjacent to the channel respond to a voltage impulse to generate a pressure pulse in the ink and eject ink droplet from the nozzle.
  • Piezo-electric actuators have the advantage of low energy requirement and this general approach has proved satisfactory for single nozzle printheads. It has not, however, proved practical for multi-channel printheads where a row of nozzles are to be operated at a relatively high nozzle density. One reason for this is that the piezo-electric transducers supply only limited movement and a relatively large active area, as compared with the nozzle aperture, is required to accomplish sufficient fluid displacement. In addition, the designs of piezo-electrically actuated printheads proposed in the art have not proved amenable to micro-fabrication and are expensive when manually assembled.
  • a further existing technology for the production of multi-channel drop-on-demand ink jet printers is known from, for example, US-A-3,179,042; GB-A-2 007 162 and GB-A-2 106 039.
  • These patent specifications disclose thermally operated printheads which, in response to an electrical input signal, generate a heat pulse in selected ink channels to develop a vapour bubble in the ink of those selected channels. This in turn generates a pressure pulse having the pressure and time characteristics appropriate for the ejection of an ink droplet from a nozzle at the end of the channel.
  • Thermally operated printheads of this nature possess a number of significant disadvantages.
  • the thermal mode of operation is inefficient and typically requires 10 to 100 times the energy to produce an ink droplet as compared with known piezo-electric printheads.
  • thermal operated printheads have a tendency for ink deposits to form on the heating electrodes. Such deposits have an insulating effect sufficient to increase substantially the electrical pulse magnitude necessary to eject an ink droplet. Thermal stress cracks and element burnout, as well as cavitation erosion, have also proved difficult to eliminate.
  • Third, only ink specifically developed to tolerate thermal cycling can be used and suitable ink formulations often prove to be of low optical density.
  • the present invention consists in one aspect in pulsed droplet deposition apparatus comprising a plurality of pressure chambers disposed generally in a common plane and each adapted to hold ink; a like plurality of nozzles communicating respectively with the pressure chambers for ejection of droplets of ink; a plurality of electromagnetically deformable means each comprising electrode means and a body of liquid metal in electrical contact with the electrode means; the electromagnetically deformable means being disposed such that each pressure chamber has a body of liquid metal disposed in ink sealing relationship therewith; means for replenishing ink in the pressure chambers; magnetic field means for generating a magnetic field normal to said common plane and drive means for applying an electrical current pulse to a selected electrode means to produce through deformation of the electromagnetically deformable means a pressure pulse in the selected chamber resulting in droplet ejection from the associated nozzle.
  • the magnetic field means comprises magnetic pole pieces disposed on opposite sides of the common plane with a mutual spacing which is small compared with a dimension of the pole pieces parallel to said plane.
  • said dimension is at least five times said mutual spacing.
  • the spacing of the magnetic pole pieces does not increase proportionally with an increase in the number of nozzles and a very large array of nozzles can be provided with a small pole gap. It will be understood that with a pole gap which is small compared to a dimension of the pole pieces orthogonal to the gap, the problem of edge effects in that direction is very much reduced. Comparatively small magnets can therefore be employed. It will in appropriate cases also be possible to employ high coercivity ceramic magnetic strips disposed above and below the channel plane.
  • the present invention consists in pulsed droplet deposition apparatus comprising a plurality of channels each adapted to hold liquid, a like plurality of nozzles communicating respectively with the channels for ejection of droplets of ink; a plurality of electromagnetically deformable means each comprising an elongate body of liquid metal and serving to form in each channel an ink boundary surface extending lengthwise of the channel and electrode means disposed in electrical contact with said body; means for replenishing ink in the pressure chamber; magnetic field means for generating a magnetic field normal to the length of each channel and drive means for applying an electrical current pulse to selected electrode means to produce through deformation of the corresponding electromagnetically deformable means, displacement of said ink boundary surface transversely of a selected channel resulting in droplet ejection from the corresponding nozzle.
  • a droplet can be regarded as being ejected from the nozzle as the result of an acoustic wave travelling along the channel with contributions from various portions of the length of the displaceable ink boundary surface being made successively throughout the period of the wave.
  • each electromagnetically deformable means further comprises a solid phase and preferably sinuous conducting element, connected with the electrode means so as to be displaceable thereto, said body of liquid metal being carried on the conducting element.
  • the term "ink” is used to describe the liquid deposited in droplet form from pulsed droplet deposition apparatus according to this invention. Whilst the most common form of such apparatus is indeed ink jet printers, it should be recognised that the apparatus may be used to deposit other liquids such as photoresist, sealant, etchant, dilutent, photodeveloper, dye and the like and the term “ink” as used herein is to be regarded as encompassing such liquids.
  • a printhead body 10 is formed with a series of parallel channels 12 each terminating in an orifice 14.
  • the orifice area is smaller than that of the channel area, typically in a ratio 1:6.
  • Each channel 12 contains a small drop of mercury 16 which seals the channel and provides a boundary surface for ink 18 contained in the region of the channel between the mercury drop 16 and the orifice 14.
  • each channel is open to the atmosphere.
  • Each channel 12 is provided with a pair of conductors 22, 24. At their inward ends, these conductors penetrate the channel to provide opposed electrodes 26, 28 which are in electrical contact with the mercury drop 16 in that channel.
  • the conductors 22, 24 project from the printhead body 10 at their opposite ends to form terminals 30, 32 which are connected with a drive circuit 34.
  • the volume of mercury drop 16 is chosen so that it contacts the walls of the channel and is therefore bounded by the walls of the channel and the mercury meniscii.
  • the electrodes 26, 28 are treated by, for example, the removal of surface oxides, so that the mercury wets the electrodes. Steps are taken, however, to ensure that the mercury does not wet the channel walls. These steps may include, for example, selecting appropriate angles of contact. It is preferable for the volume of the mercury drop 16 to be approximately the smallest volume that satisfies these requirements.
  • An ink supply manifold 36 extends transversely of the channel 12 and communicates with each of the orifices 14. At one end of the manifold 36, a return 38 is provided for connection with an external ink reservoir.
  • a line of recesses 40 is provided in the printhead body 10 so as to extend into the manifold 36 and to provide a series of apertures 42 in that manifold, each aperture 42 being opposed to one of the nozzles 16. The pressure in the ink reservoir is controlled so that the depth of ink between the nozzle and the ink meniscus is small compared with the nozzle dimension.
  • the printhead body 10 is disposed between the pole pieces 44, 46 of a permanent magnet 48.
  • the pole pieces extend in the direction parallel to the channels over a length generally equal to the length of the mercury drop. In the direction normal to the channel, the pole pieces extend over the entire channel array and project beyond the outermost channel by the small amount necessary to ensure that the magnetic field at those outermost channels remains uniform. Since the gap between the pole pieces is much smaller than this dimension of the pole pieces, the increase in length necessary to avoid problems with edge effects is proportionately very small.
  • a current pulse is generated in the pair of conductors 22, 24 associated with the selected channel.
  • the current pulse flows through the mercury drop and, in the presence of the applied magnetic field, generates an electromagnetic impulsive force in the mercury, which is thereby deformed.
  • the ink boundary surface afforded by the mercury meniscus facing the nozzle is displaced towards the nozzle and a pressure pulse is generated in the ink.
  • the pressure pulse can best be described with reference to Figure 3.
  • it consists of a positive pressure pulse P1 over a first period T1, followed by a negative pressure pulse P2 over a second period T2.
  • the positive and negative pressure pulses can be generated by applying a shaped current pulse to the conductors 22, 24 with the current flow being reversed in the second period T2. Alternative arrangements for producing the positive and negative pressure pulses will be discussed later in this description.
  • the positive pressure pulse is applied to ink in the channel 12
  • ink flowing outwardly through the nozzle 14 causes a pendant drop to be formed from the meniscus of the aperture 42.
  • the pendant drop is parted from the meniscus and through its momentum is ejected towards the print surface.
  • the diameter of the aperture 42 being larger than that of the nozzle 14, the diameter of the pendant drop is determined primarily by the diameter of the nozzle and the velocity of ink flow through the nozzle.
  • the importance of having a thin ink layer between each nozzle and the meniscus, is that the ink velocity is then not materially reduced. If, in an alternative arrangement, the aperture 42 is equal in size or smaller than the nozzle 14, the pendant drop diameter would be controlled by the diameter of the aperture 42 with the other mentioned factors then influencing the energy efficiency of the drop formation but not being the governing factor in the drop size.
  • the drive circuit 34 may of course be instructed to energise a number of channels simultaneously.
  • the drive circuit can be organised so that current flows in parallel through the electrodes of each of the selected channels.
  • the conductors of those channels that are selected for printing may be connected in series within the drive circuit and a common current pulse passed through them.
  • the preferred arrangement is one in which a combined parallel and series approach is adopted in which the channels are organised in groups and the selected channels in any one group have their conductors connected in series; separate, parallel current flows are established through the conductors of selected channels in each of the other groups.
  • each channel Whilst the end 20 of each channel is shown in Figure 1 to be open to the atmosphere, it is possible in an alternative arrangement for the channel to contain a further liquid at the opposite side of the mercury drop from the nozzle. This can be selected to inhibit evaporation of mercury or may contain an inhibitor to inhibit corrosion of the electrodes and maintain wetting with the mercury.
  • FIG 4 there is illustrated a further embodiment of this invention. This is a modification of the embodiment described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 and need be discussed only to the extent that it differs from the previously described embodiment.
  • the nozzles 14 do not communicate with a manifold but are open to the atmosphere.
  • the mechanism of drop formation is essentially the same as described previously except that the ink meniscus lies at the nozzle. There is however a different method employed for replenishing liquid in the channels.
  • an ink supply block 52 Disposed orthogonally to the body 10, there is provided an ink supply block 52. Within this block 52 are formed a series of supply channels 54, one for each channel 12. Each supply channel 54 communicates with the corresponding channel 12 at a point intermediate the nozzle 14 and the mercury drop 16. At its opposite end, the supply channel 54 communicates with an external ink reservoir. The length L of each supply channel 54 is long compared with the length of the channels.
  • the ink channels 12 are provided at corresponding ends with nozzles 14 that communicate with the atmosphere. At their opposite ends, the channels 12 are connected with a common ink manifold 60 which is connected in a manner, not shown, with an external ink reservoir.
  • the channels 12 are arranged in two pairs of which pairs (A) and (B) are illustrated in the drawings.
  • the two channels of each pair are separated by a longitudinal wall 62 which is formed (as seen in Figure 6) with a window 64 which represents less than half and in this case around one third of the channel wall height.
  • a mercury thread 66 is disposed within this window 64 .
  • the mercury thread 66 extends between electrodes 68 and 70.
  • Electrode 68 is formed by the exposed end of a conductor 72 which extends rearwardly through the printhead to provide at its opposite end a terminal 74 for connection with the drive circuit 34.
  • the electrode 70 comprises the exposed end of a conductor 76 which is of generally J-shape to pass through the printhead avoiding the ink channels 12 to form a terminal 78, again for connection with the drive circuit 34.
  • a mercury thread can be drawn to a length no longer than ⁇ x diameter.
  • two metallic dot regions 80 are deposited on the base surface of the window 64. These can for example be of nickel deposited in any convenient manner. The dot regions are treated by the removal of surface oxides so as to be wetted by the mercury thread. The distance between the two dot regions 80 and between each dot region and the adjacent electrode 68, 70 is selected to be around 2 diameters of the thread so that the thread is supported by surface tension forces in a stable manner.
  • the printhead is disposed, as shown in Figure 6, between the pole pieces 82, 84 of an electromagnet 86.
  • the advantage in keeping the mercury thread thin relative to the channel height is that a given pressure can then be achieved in the ink for a lower applied current.
  • a droplet can be ejected from the other channel of the pair A.
  • This sharing of a single mercury drop between two channels enables the nozzle density to be reduced and makes particularly efficient use of the mercury drops and thier associated circuitry. Since droplets cannot be ejected simultaneously from both channels of a pair, it is convenient to group the channels into first and second groups with the two channels of any particular pair being assigned to different groups.
  • the drive circuitry 34 is then adapted to alternate between two operating modes; in a first mode only channels of the first group can be actuated whilst in the second mode only channels of the second group.
  • the nozzles corresponding to the channels of the first group can be offset relatively to the nozzles of the second group to enable a straight line to be printed across the print surface using all channels.
  • metallic dot regions 80 is replaced by alternative methods of surface treatment.
  • a surface line extending between the electrodes within the window can be treated by metallic ion bombardment so as to provide a surface which is wetted by the mercury thread.
  • the ion concentration is kept very low so that there is no significant electrical conduction.
  • this establishes a track between the electrodes with the mercury wetting the electrodes and the track but not other wall regions.
  • surface forces serve to constrain the mercury thread whilst permitting the desired lateral displacement.
  • the surface forces can be arranged to apply a restoring force to the displaced thread.
  • FIG. 7 is a scrap view in the same plane as Figure 5, to an enlarged scale.
  • two ink channels 12 are shown, together with electrodes 68 and 70 projecting into the window 64.
  • a sinuous conducting element 64 is formed integrally with the electrodes 68 and 70 and can conveniently be formed by etching from a single electrode strip.
  • the sinuous conducting element 64 is coated with mercury by a simple dipping operation.
  • the sinuous nature of the conducting element permits substantial lateral displacement into the selected channel.
  • the mercury is carried with the conducting element and affords an ink boundary surface which moves into the channel to create a pressure pulse.
  • the mercury creates an ink seal which accommodates the electromagnetic deformation even though the mercury is no longer the sole element which is undergoing that deformation.
  • the described permanent magnet may be replaced by a series of magnets.
  • two high coercivity ceramic magnetic strips may be positioned one above and the other below the channel plane. These strips may be sunk into the printhead body to reduce further the pole gap.
  • one or more electromagnets may be employed. These have certain disadvantages as will be apparent but do permit reversal of the magnetic field enabling the electromagnetic force to be reversed without a need for the current to be switched.
  • the mercury drop can usefully be elongated but the techniques for achieving this are not restricted to those specifically described.
  • the skilled man will understand that a mercury drop can be constrained using surface forces in other ways, although the technique of ensuring differential wetting of neighbouring surfaces is preferred.
  • the described single drop can be replaced by a number of separate drops in each channel and electrically interconnected.
  • the described sinuous conducting element is replaced by other elongate filaments which extend between and are not necessarily integral with the electrodes.
  • the filament is preferably arranged to have a developed length exceeding its span, but other ways may be found for accommodating the transverse displacement.
  • Mercury has the advantage of relatively high electrical conductivity, but alternative liquid metals do exist.
  • certain gallium/indium/tin alloys are liquid at convenient operating temperatures.

Landscapes

  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
EP88300145A 1987-01-10 1988-01-08 Vorrichtung zum Niederschlagen von Tröpfchen Withdrawn EP0278589A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8700533 1987-01-10
GB878700533A GB8700533D0 (en) 1987-01-10 1987-01-10 Shared actuators
GB8700532 1987-01-10
GB878700532A GB8700532D0 (en) 1987-01-10 1987-01-10 Electromagnetic liquid metal actuator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0278589A1 true EP0278589A1 (de) 1988-08-17

Family

ID=26291774

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88300145A Withdrawn EP0278589A1 (de) 1987-01-10 1988-01-08 Vorrichtung zum Niederschlagen von Tröpfchen

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0278589A1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992012014A1 (en) * 1991-01-11 1992-07-23 Xaar Limited Reduced nozzle viscous impedance
US5548894A (en) * 1993-06-03 1996-08-27 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ink jet head having ink-jet holes partially formed by laser-cutting, and method of manufacturing the same
EP0738602A2 (de) * 1995-04-21 1996-10-23 Seiko Epson Corporation Tintenstrahlkopf
US6217159B1 (en) 1995-04-21 2001-04-17 Seiko Epson Corporation Ink jet printing device
CN117791253A (zh) * 2023-12-27 2024-03-29 河北美泰电子科技有限公司 一种基于镓基液态金属的导电滑环及陀螺仪

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 18, no. 7, December 1975, pages 2195/2196, Armonk, US; E. LENNEMANN et al.: "Mercury controlled ink jet" *
IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 23, no. 10, March 1981, page 4438, Armonk, US; C.S. TSAO et al.: "Drop-on-demand ink jet nozzle array with two nozzles/piezoelectric crystal" *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992012014A1 (en) * 1991-01-11 1992-07-23 Xaar Limited Reduced nozzle viscous impedance
US5463416A (en) * 1991-01-11 1995-10-31 Xaar Limited Reduced nozzle viscous impedance
US5548894A (en) * 1993-06-03 1996-08-27 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ink jet head having ink-jet holes partially formed by laser-cutting, and method of manufacturing the same
EP0738602A2 (de) * 1995-04-21 1996-10-23 Seiko Epson Corporation Tintenstrahlkopf
EP0738602A3 (de) * 1995-04-21 1997-06-11 Seiko Epson Corp Tintenstrahlkopf
US6217159B1 (en) 1995-04-21 2001-04-17 Seiko Epson Corporation Ink jet printing device
US6382754B1 (en) 1995-04-21 2002-05-07 Seiko Epson Corporation Ink jet printing device
CN117791253A (zh) * 2023-12-27 2024-03-29 河北美泰电子科技有限公司 一种基于镓基液态金属的导电滑环及陀螺仪

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