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EP0277888B1 - Gas oven with a steam generator - Google Patents

Gas oven with a steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0277888B1
EP0277888B1 EP88420006A EP88420006A EP0277888B1 EP 0277888 B1 EP0277888 B1 EP 0277888B1 EP 88420006 A EP88420006 A EP 88420006A EP 88420006 A EP88420006 A EP 88420006A EP 0277888 B1 EP0277888 B1 EP 0277888B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
gas
enclosure
oven
steam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88420006A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0277888A1 (en
Inventor
Raymond Violi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Cooperative de Production Bourgeois SCOP
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Societe Cooperative de Production Bourgeois SCOP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of EP0277888A1 publication Critical patent/EP0277888A1/en
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Publication of EP0277888B1 publication Critical patent/EP0277888B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/32—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens
    • F24C15/322—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation
    • F24C15/327—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation with air moisturising

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to steam ovens, in particular for cooking and communities.
  • Convection ovens and direct gas heating have been known for a few years, comprising an oven enclosure intended to contain the materials to be heated, and at least one gas burner placed inside the enclosure.
  • a turbine for mixing the atmosphere inside the enclosure, driven by an electric motor, ensures internal convection.
  • a flue gas evacuation pipe connects the interior of the enclosure with the outside atmosphere.
  • An intermediate pipe connects the gas burner to an external equipment comprising an air booster and means for producing and introducing into the intermediate pipe an appropriate mixture of air and gas, the air leaving the booster, and the gas coming from a gas inlet pipe. Having the burner inside the enclosure ensures a very rapid heating up of the oven which, associated with the forced convection provided by the turbine, allows very rapid heating of the materials contained in the oven.
  • DE-A-2 050 159 describes a direct gas-fired oven comprising a gas burner placed outside the oven enclosure.
  • the object of the present invention is in particular to avoid the drawbacks of known ovens, by proposing a new oven structure which simultaneously uses the technique of direct gas heating and the technique of heating with water vapor contained in the enclosure;
  • the combination of these two techniques presents significant difficulties, in that the burner operates intermittently to ensure temperature regulation; it has been found that, during the periods when the burner does not operate, water vapor tends to condense on the walls of the burner, and water tends to penetrate the inlet pipes of air-gas mixture, risking compromising the re-ignition of the burner.
  • the present invention solves this problem by providing means enabling the burner to be relighted for sure, and preventing the penetration of water into the air-gas mixture inlet pipe.
  • the operation of the burner is ensured with great security, and in particular the risks of explosion or ignition of air-gas mixture inside the inlet pipe are avoided. of this mixture.
  • the oven comprises a safety device detecting the presence of a flame at the burner, and an ignition device producing a spark for the ignition of the burner.
  • These devices include electrodes connected to an electrical control and measurement device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to ensure reliable operation of the electrodes in a humid atmosphere, in particular avoiding the formation of significant condensation on the electrodes, condensation which would risk compromising the re-ignition of the burner and the reliability of the monitoring.
  • the means for preventing the penetration of steam into the intermediate pipe are constituted by the air blower, supplied with electrical energy, and producing a circulation of air in the intermediate pipe and in the burner during gas burnout periods.
  • the heating means for keeping the burner at temperature advantageously comprise an auxiliary source of heat, producing a heating of the burner, for example an electrical resistance, or a gas pilot.
  • the auxiliary heat source produces the heating of the air during its passage through the intermediate pipe; the air thus heated and circulating in the intermediate pipe and the burner heats the burner, and simultaneously prevents the condensation of vapor in the burner and on the burner monitoring and ignition electrodes.
  • the auxiliary heat source acts directly on the burner by conduction, the air circulating in the intermediate pipe being heated on passage through the burner and ensuring the drying of the electrodes.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic side view in section of an oven according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows in perspective an exploded view of the external equipment for supplying air-gas mixture according to the invention.
  • the oven according to the invention comprises an oven enclosure 1 intended to contain the materials to be heated, at least one gas burner 2 placed in a rear part 9 of the interior 3 of the enclosure 1, a turbine 4 for mixing the atmosphere inside the enclosure.
  • the turbine 4 is rotated by an electric motor 5 powered by the sector.
  • a pipe 6 for evacuating the burnt gases is connected inside 3 of the enclosure 1 to the upper rear part of the enclosure, as shown in the figure.
  • the pipe connects the enclosure 1 of the oven to the outside atmosphere, and preferably outside the room in which the oven is contained.
  • the front face of the enclosure 1 of the oven has an opening which can be closed by a door 7 for the passage of the materials to be introduced into the oven and to be removed after heating.
  • the materials are placed in an anterior part 8 of the enclosure 1, separated from the posterior part 9 by a grid 10 preventing the projection of grease on the burner 2 and the turbine 4.
  • Deflectors channel the circulation of air and steam inside the oven, circulation produced by the turbine 4.
  • External equipment 11 supplies the burner 2 with an appropriate air-gas mixture.
  • An intermediate pipe 12 connects the burner 2 and the external equipment 11.
  • the air intended to be mixed with the gas is taken by the external equipment 11 from the ambient atmosphere of the room through an air inlet filter 14.
  • a steam generator 15 for example a generator of known type, produces water vapor and sends it to the oven enclosure 1 by a pipe 16 for supplying steam.
  • the pipe 16 brings the steam to two points of the enclosure 1, arranged in the upper part of the enclosure and laterally on either side of the middle of the enclosure.
  • FIG. 2 There is shown in Figure 2 the various bodies constituting the external equipment 11.
  • the intermediate pipe 12 the end 20 of which is intended to be connected to the burner 2
  • the gas inlet pipe 13 whose l end 21 is intended to be connected to an external gas inlet pipe.
  • the gas inlet pipe 13 comprises two solenoid valves 22, controlled by an electrical control device 23, ensuring the establishment or interruption of the gas inlet.
  • the gas passes through a calibrated injector 24 which introduces it inside the intermediate pipe 12, at a pressure and a flow rate suitable for mixing with air.
  • a pressure sensor 27 detects the presence of compressed air at the outlet of the booster 25, and is connected to the control device 23.
  • auxiliary heat source 17 for example an electrical resistance supplied by an external source of electrical energy and controlled by the control device 23, or for example a gas pilot light supplied permanently by an auxiliary gas pipe.
  • air circulation is further ensured through the intermediate pipe 12, by operation of the booster 25 during the periods in which the burner 2 is off; during these periods of interruption of combustion, the circulation of gas is interrupted by the solenoid valves 22, while air continues to circulate in the intermediate pipe 12 by the action of the booster 25.
  • the auxiliary heat source 17 can be arranged in an intermediate position in the intermediate pipe 12, to produce the heating of the air flowing through the intermediate pipe 12 during the periods of combustion interruption in the burner 2 .
  • a shutter valve 18 is provided, interposed in the intermediate pipe 12 in the vicinity of the burner 2.
  • the intermediate pipe area 12 between the valve 18 and the burner 2 is subjected to the action of the auxiliary heat source 17 maintaining the assembly at a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of water vapor in the enclosure.
  • the valve 18 is controlled by the control device 23 causing it to open during the operation of the burner 2, and its closing during the combustion stops in the burner 2. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to permanently maintain air circulation in the intermediate pipeline.
  • the oven according to the invention is designed to operate according to three successive operating modes, at the operator's choice: a convection mode, a steam mode, and a convection and steam mode.
  • the oven operates in the same way as a convection oven and direct gas heating: the motor 5 drives the turbine 4 and ensures the mixing of the interior atmosphere of the oven enclosure; the burner 2 ensures the combustion of an air-gas mixture produced by the external equipment 11; line 6 evacuates the burnt gases.
  • the steam generator 15 is stopped.
  • the temperature regulation inside the oven enclosure is ensured by the control device 23 which receives temperature information from a temperature sensor not shown in the figures, causes the solenoid valves 22 to open or close. to ensure alternative periods of combustion and of stopping of combustion in the burner 2, and controls the operation of a gas ignition electrode at the level of the burner 2, electrode identical to those of the usual direct-heating gas ovens .
  • the solenoid valves 22 interrupt the introduction of gas, while the booster 25 ensures air circulation through the intermediate pipe 12.
  • the auxiliary heat source 17 maintains the burner 2 at a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of water vapor in the enclosure.
  • the steam generator 15 produces water vapor and introduces it into the enclosure 1 of the oven through the pipe 16.
  • the motor 5 drives the turbine 4 in rotation to stir the atmosphere inside the enclosure;
  • the control device 23 controls the solenoid valves 22 and the ignition electrode to ensure intermittent periods of combustion of the gas in the burner 2 to maintain the oven at a desired temperature;
  • the steam generator 15 introduced into the enclosure of the oven with steam.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne les fours à vapeur, notamment pour la cuisine et les collectivités.The present invention relates to steam ovens, in particular for cooking and communities.

On connait depuis quelques années les fours à convection et chauffage direct au gaz, comprenant une enceinte de four destinée à contenir les matières à chauffer, et au moins un brûleur à gaz placé à l'intérieur de l'enceinte. Une turbine de brassage de l'atmosphère intérieure à l'enceinte, entraînée par un moteur électrique, assure une convection interne. Une conduite d'évacuation des gaz brûlés met en communication l'intérieur de l'enceinte avec l'atmosphère extérieure. Une canalisation intermédiaire relie le brûleur à gaz à un équipement extérieur comportant un surpresseur d'air et des moyens pour produire et introduire dans la canalisation intermédiaire un mélange approprié d'air et de gaz, l'air sortant du surpresseur, et le gaz provenant d'une canalisation d'arrivée de gaz. Le fait de disposer le brûleur à l'intérieur-même de l'enceinte assure une mise en température très rapide du four qui, associée à la convection forcée procurée par la turbine, permet un échauffement très rapide des matières contenues dans le four.Convection ovens and direct gas heating have been known for a few years, comprising an oven enclosure intended to contain the materials to be heated, and at least one gas burner placed inside the enclosure. A turbine for mixing the atmosphere inside the enclosure, driven by an electric motor, ensures internal convection. A flue gas evacuation pipe connects the interior of the enclosure with the outside atmosphere. An intermediate pipe connects the gas burner to an external equipment comprising an air booster and means for producing and introducing into the intermediate pipe an appropriate mixture of air and gas, the air leaving the booster, and the gas coming from a gas inlet pipe. Having the burner inside the enclosure ensures a very rapid heating up of the oven which, associated with the forced convection provided by the turbine, allows very rapid heating of the materials contained in the oven.

Dans le DE-A-2 050 159 est décrit un four à chauffage direct au gaz comprenant un brûleur à gaz placé à l'éxterieur de l'enceinte du four.DE-A-2 050 159 describes a direct gas-fired oven comprising a gas burner placed outside the oven enclosure.

La préparation d'aliments dans un tel four tend toutefois à assécher lesdits aliments, et à former une croûte superficielle qui perturbe la cuisson. Pour éviter cet inconvénient, on a développé depuis quelques années une seconde famille de fours, comprenant également une enceinte et un brûleur à gaz pour le chauffage de l'enceinte, le brûleur étant disposé à l'extérieur de l'enceinte et la chauffant par conduction à travers son enveloppe. Un générateur de vapeur d'eau produit de la vapeur d'eau qui pénètre dans l'enceinte du four par une canalisation d'amenée de vapeur. Une turbine de convection forcée assure le brassage de l'atmosphère contenue dans l'enceinte. Toutefois, ce type de four, par le fait de la position extérieure du brûleur à gaz, ne permet pas une mise en température aussi rapide que les fours à chauffage direct au gaz; d'autre part, il se produit inévitablement des déperditions d'énergie calorifique, une partie de l'énergie se trouvant évacuée dans l'atmosphère extérieure sans servir au chauffage de l'enceinte et des matières qui y sont contenues.The preparation of food in such an oven, however, tends to dry out said food, and to form a superficial crust which disturbs cooking. To avoid this drawback, a second family of ovens has been developed in recent years, also comprising an enclosure and a gas burner for heating the enclosure, the burner being placed outside the enclosure and heating it by conduction through its envelope. A steam generator produces steam which enters the oven enclosure via a steam supply pipe. A forced convection turbine ensures the mixing of the atmosphere contained in the enclosure. However, this type of oven, due to the external position of the gas burner, does not allow heating up as quickly as ovens with direct gas heating; on the other hand, there is inevitably loss of heat energy, part of the energy being evacuated into the external atmosphere without being used to heat the enclosure and the materials contained therein.

La présente invention a notamment pour objet d'éviter les inconvénients des fours connus, en proposant une nouvelle structure de four qui utilise simultanément la technique de chauffage direct au gaz et la technique de chauffage avec vapeur d'eau contenue dans l'enceinte;The object of the present invention is in particular to avoid the drawbacks of known ovens, by proposing a new oven structure which simultaneously uses the technique of direct gas heating and the technique of heating with water vapor contained in the enclosure;

La réunion de ces deuxtechniques présente des difficultés importantes, par le fait que le brûleur fonctionne de manière intermittente pour assurer une régulation de température; on a constaté que, pendant les périodes où le brûleur ne fonctionne pas, de la vapeur d'eau tend à se condenser sur les parois du brûleur, et l'eau tend à pénétrer dans les conduites d'arrivée de mélange air-gaz, risquant de compromettre le réallumage ultérieur du brûleur. La présente invention résoud ce problème en prévoyant des moyens permettant le réallumage à coup sûr du brûleur, et interdisant la pénétration d'eau dans la canalisation d'arrivée de mélange air-gaz.The combination of these two techniques presents significant difficulties, in that the burner operates intermittently to ensure temperature regulation; it has been found that, during the periods when the burner does not operate, water vapor tends to condense on the walls of the burner, and water tends to penetrate the inlet pipes of air-gas mixture, risking compromising the re-ignition of the burner. The present invention solves this problem by providing means enabling the burner to be relighted for sure, and preventing the penetration of water into the air-gas mixture inlet pipe.

Selon un autre objet de l'invention, le fonctionnement du brûleur est assuré avec une grande sécurité, et l'on évite notamment les risques d'explosion ou d'inflammation de mélange air-gaz à l'intérieur de la canalisation d'arrivée de ce mélange.According to another object of the invention, the operation of the burner is ensured with great security, and in particular the risks of explosion or ignition of air-gas mixture inside the inlet pipe are avoided. of this mixture.

De manière connue, le four comprend un dispositif de sécurité détectant la présence d'une flamme au niveau du brûleur, et un dispositif d'allumage produisant une étincelle pour l'allumage du brûleur. Ces dispositifs comprennent des électrodes reliées à un dispositif de commande et de mesure électrique. La présente invention a également pour objet d'assurer un fonctionnement fiable des électrodes en atmosphère humide, évitant notamment la formation de condensation importante sur les électrodes, condensation qui risquerait de compromettre le réallumage du brûleur et la fiabilité de la surveillance.In known manner, the oven comprises a safety device detecting the presence of a flame at the burner, and an ignition device producing a spark for the ignition of the burner. These devices include electrodes connected to an electrical control and measurement device. Another object of the present invention is to ensure reliable operation of the electrodes in a humid atmosphere, in particular avoiding the formation of significant condensation on the electrodes, condensation which would risk compromising the re-ignition of the burner and the reliability of the monitoring.

Pour atteindre ces objets le four selon la présente invention reprend les éléments d'un four à convection et chauffage direct au gaz, et les combine avec:

  • un générateur de vapeur d'eau et une canalisation pour amener dans l'enceinte du four la vapeur produite par le générateur de vapeur,
  • des moyens de chauffage pour maintenir le brûleur en permanence à une température supérieure à la température de condensation de vapeur d'eau, évitant ainsi la formation d'eau liquide dans ou sur le brûleur,
  • des moyens pour interdire que la vapeur présente dans l'enceinte puisse pénétrer dans la canalisation intermédiaire.
To achieve these objects, the oven according to the present invention takes the elements of a convection oven and direct gas heating, and combines them with:
  • a steam generator and a pipe for bringing the steam produced by the steam generator into the oven enclosure,
  • heating means to permanently maintain the burner at a temperature above the condensation temperature of water vapor, thus preventing the formation of liquid water in or on the burner,
  • means to prevent the vapor present in the enclosure from entering the intermediate pipe.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, les moyens pour interdire la pénétration de vapeur dans la canalisation intermédiaire sont constitués par le surpresseur d'air, alimenté en énergie électrique, et produisant une circulation d'air dans la canalisation intermédiaire et dans le brûleur pendant les périodes d'interruption de combustion de gaz.According to an advantageous embodiment, the means for preventing the penetration of steam into the intermediate pipe are constituted by the air blower, supplied with electrical energy, and producing a circulation of air in the intermediate pipe and in the burner during gas burnout periods.

Les moyens de chauffage pour maintenir le brûleur en température comprennent avantageusement une source auxiliaire de chaleur, produisant un échauffement du brûleur, par exemple une résistance électrique, ou une veilleuse au gaz.The heating means for keeping the burner at temperature advantageously comprise an auxiliary source of heat, producing a heating of the burner, for example an electrical resistance, or a gas pilot.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, la source auxiliaire de chaleur produit l'échauffement de l'air lors de son passage dans la canalisation intermédiaire; l'air ainsi chauffé et circulant dans la canalisation intermédiaire et le brûleur réchauffe le brûleur, et empêche simultanément la condensation de vapeur dans le brûleur et sur les électrodes de surveillance et d'allumage du brûleur.According to a first embodiment, the auxiliary heat source produces the heating of the air during its passage through the intermediate pipe; the air thus heated and circulating in the intermediate pipe and the burner heats the burner, and simultaneously prevents the condensation of vapor in the burner and on the burner monitoring and ignition electrodes.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la source auxiliaire de chaleur agit directement sur le brûleur par conduction, l'air circulant dans la canalisation intermédiaire étant réchauffé au passage dans le brûleur et assurant l'assèchement des électrodes.According to another embodiment, the auxiliary heat source acts directly on the burner by conduction, the air circulating in the intermediate pipe being heated on passage through the burner and ensuring the drying of the electrodes.

D'autres objets, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers, faite en relation avec les figures jointes, parmi lesquelles:Other objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the following description of particular embodiments, given in relation to the attached figures, among which:

la figure 1 représente une vue schématique de côté en coupe d'un four selon la présente invention; etFigure 1 shows a schematic side view in section of an oven according to the present invention; and

la figure 2 représente en perspective une vue éclatée de l'équipement extérieur d'alimentation en mélange air-gaz selon l'invention.2 shows in perspective an exploded view of the external equipment for supplying air-gas mixture according to the invention.

Comme le représentent les figures, le four selon l'invention comprend une enceinte de four 1 destinée à contenir les matières à chauffer, au moins un brûleur à gaz 2 placé dans une partie postérieure 9 de l'intérieur 3 de l'enceinte 1, une turbine 4 de brassage de l'atmosphère intérieure à l'enceinte. La turbine 4 est entraînée en rotation par un moteur électrique 5 alimenté par le secteur. Une conduite 6 d'évacuation des gaz brûlés est connectée à l'intérieur 3 de l'enceinte 1 à la partie postérieure supérieure de l'enceinte, comme le représente la figure. La conduite relie l'enceinte 1 du four à l'atmosphère extérieure, et de préférence à l'extérieur du local dans lequel est contenu le four. La face antérieure de l'enceinte 1 du four comporte une ouverture obturable par une porte 7 pour le passage des matières à introduire dans le four et à retirer après chauffage. Les matières sont disposées dans une partie antérieure 8 de l'enceinte 1, séparée de la partie postérieure 9 par une grille 10 empêchant la projection de graisses sur le brûleur 2 et la turbine 4.As shown in the figures, the oven according to the invention comprises an oven enclosure 1 intended to contain the materials to be heated, at least one gas burner 2 placed in a rear part 9 of the interior 3 of the enclosure 1, a turbine 4 for mixing the atmosphere inside the enclosure. The turbine 4 is rotated by an electric motor 5 powered by the sector. A pipe 6 for evacuating the burnt gases is connected inside 3 of the enclosure 1 to the upper rear part of the enclosure, as shown in the figure. The pipe connects the enclosure 1 of the oven to the outside atmosphere, and preferably outside the room in which the oven is contained. The front face of the enclosure 1 of the oven has an opening which can be closed by a door 7 for the passage of the materials to be introduced into the oven and to be removed after heating. The materials are placed in an anterior part 8 of the enclosure 1, separated from the posterior part 9 by a grid 10 preventing the projection of grease on the burner 2 and the turbine 4.

Des déflecteurs, non représentés sur les figures, canalisent la circulation d'air et de vapeur à l'intérieur du four, circulation produite par la turbine 4.Deflectors, not shown in the figures, channel the circulation of air and steam inside the oven, circulation produced by the turbine 4.

Un équipement extérieur 11 assure l'alimentation du brûleur 2 en un mélange air-gaz approprié. Une canalisation intermédiaire 12 relie le brûleur 2 et l'équipement extérieur 11. Une canalisation d'arrivée de gaz 13, reliée à une source extérieure de gaz, amène le gaz dans l'équipement extérieur 11. L'air destiné à être mélangé au gaz est prélevé par l'équipement extérieur 11 dans l'atmosphère ambiente du local à travers un filtre d'entrée d'air 14.External equipment 11 supplies the burner 2 with an appropriate air-gas mixture. An intermediate pipe 12 connects the burner 2 and the external equipment 11. A gas inlet pipe 13, connected to an external source of gas, brings the gas into the external equipment 11. The air intended to be mixed with the gas is taken by the external equipment 11 from the ambient atmosphere of the room through an air inlet filter 14.

Un générateur de vapeur 15, par exemple un générateur de type connu, produit de la vapeur d'eau et l'envoie dans l'enceinte 1 de four par une canalisation 16 d'amenée de vapeur. De préférence, la canalisation 16 amène la vapeur en deux points de l'enceinte 1, disposés en partie supérieure de l'enceinte et latéralement de part et d'autre du milieu de l'enceinte.A steam generator 15, for example a generator of known type, produces water vapor and sends it to the oven enclosure 1 by a pipe 16 for supplying steam. Preferably, the pipe 16 brings the steam to two points of the enclosure 1, arranged in the upper part of the enclosure and laterally on either side of the middle of the enclosure.

On a représenté sur la figure 2 les divers organes constituant l'équipement extérieur 11. On retrouve en particulier la canalisation intermédiaire 12, dont l'extrémité 20 est destinée à être raccordée au brûleur 2, la canalisation d'arrivée de gaz 13 dont l'extrémité 21 est destinée à être raccordée à une conduite extérieure d'arrivée de gaz. La canalisation d'arrivée de gaz 13 comprend deux électrovannes 22, commandées par un dispositif de commande électrique 23, assurant l'établissement ou l'interruption de l'entrée de gaz. Le gaz traverse un injecteur calibré 24 qui l'introduit à l'intérieur de la canalisation intermédiaire 12, selon une pression et un débit appropriés pour le mélange avec l'air.There is shown in Figure 2 the various bodies constituting the external equipment 11. We find in particular the intermediate pipe 12, the end 20 of which is intended to be connected to the burner 2, the gas inlet pipe 13 whose l end 21 is intended to be connected to an external gas inlet pipe. The gas inlet pipe 13 comprises two solenoid valves 22, controlled by an electrical control device 23, ensuring the establishment or interruption of the gas inlet. The gas passes through a calibrated injector 24 which introduces it inside the intermediate pipe 12, at a pressure and a flow rate suitable for mixing with air.

L'air, prélevé à travers le filtre 14 dans l'atmosphère ambiante, est légèrement comprimé par un surpresseur 25 constitué d'une turbine actionnée par un moteur électrique alimenté par le secteur, l'air sortant du surpresseur 25 étant envoyé à travers un diaphragme 26 adéquat pour son mélange dans la canalisation intermédiaire 12. Un capteur de pression 27 détecte la présence d'air comprimé en sortie du surpresseur 25, et est relié au dispositif de commande 23.The air, taken through the filter 14 in the ambient atmosphere, is slightly compressed by a booster 25 consisting of a turbine actuated by an electric motor powered by the sector, the air leaving the booster 25 being sent through a diaphragm 26 suitable for mixing in the intermediate pipe 12. A pressure sensor 27 detects the presence of compressed air at the outlet of the booster 25, and is connected to the control device 23.

Pour la réalisation du four selon l'invention, il est possible d'utiliser l'ensemble des organes connus d'un four à convection à chauffage direct au gaz, en associant un générateur de vapeur 15 et une canalisation d'amenée de vapeur 16. Selon l'invention, on prévoit en outre des moyens pour maintenir le brûleur 2 en permanence à une température supérieure à la température de condensation de vapeur d'eau dans l'enceinte 1. Pour cela, selon un premier mode de réalisation, on dispose contre le brûleur 2 une source auxiliaire de chaleur 17, comme le représente la figure 1, par exemple une résistance électrique alimentée par une source extérieure d'énergie électrique et commandée par le dispositif de commande 23, ou par exemple une veilleuse au gaz alimentée en permanence par une canalisation auxiliaire de gaz. Dans ces modes de réalisation, on assure en outre une circulation d'air à travers la canalisation intermédiaire 12, par fonctionnement du surpresseur 25 pendant les périodes dans lesquelles le brûleur 2 est éteint; pendant ces périodes d'interruption de la combustion, la circulation de gaz est interrompue par les électrovannes 22, tandis que de l'air continue à circuler dans la canalisation interemédiaire 12 par l'action du surpresseur 25.For the production of the oven according to the invention, it is possible to use all of the known members of a convection oven with direct gas heating, by combining a steam generator 15 and a steam supply pipe 16 According to the invention, means are further provided for maintaining the burner 2 permanently at a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of water vapor in the enclosure 1. For this, according to a first embodiment, has against the burner 2 an auxiliary heat source 17, as shown in FIG. 1, for example an electrical resistance supplied by an external source of electrical energy and controlled by the control device 23, or for example a gas pilot light supplied permanently by an auxiliary gas pipe. In these embodiments, air circulation is further ensured through the intermediate pipe 12, by operation of the booster 25 during the periods in which the burner 2 is off; during these periods of interruption of combustion, the circulation of gas is interrupted by the solenoid valves 22, while air continues to circulate in the intermediate pipe 12 by the action of the booster 25.

En alternative, la source auxiliaire de chaleur 17 peut être disposée en une position intermédiaire dans la canalisation intermédiaire 12, pour produire l'échauffement de l'air circulant à travers la canalisation intermédiaire 12 pendant les périodes d'interruption de combustion dans le brûleur 2.Alternatively, the auxiliary heat source 17 can be arranged in an intermediate position in the intermediate pipe 12, to produce the heating of the air flowing through the intermediate pipe 12 during the periods of combustion interruption in the burner 2 .

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, on prévoit un clapet d'obturation 18, interposé dans la canalisation intermédiaire 12 au voisinage du brûleur 2. La zone de canalisation intermédiaire 12 entre le clapet 18 et le brûleur 2 est soumise à l'action de la source auxiliaire de chaleur 17 maintenant l'ensemble à une température supérieure à la température de condensation de vapeur d'eau dans l'enceinte. Le clapet 18 est commandé par le dispositif de commande 23 provoquant son ouverture lors du fonctionnement du brûleur 2, et sa femeture pendant les arrêts de combustion dans le brûleur 2. Dans ce mode de réalisation, il n'est pas nécessaire de maintenir en permanence une circulation d'air dans la canalisation intermédiaire.According to another embodiment, a shutter valve 18 is provided, interposed in the intermediate pipe 12 in the vicinity of the burner 2. The intermediate pipe area 12 between the valve 18 and the burner 2 is subjected to the action of the auxiliary heat source 17 maintaining the assembly at a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of water vapor in the enclosure. The valve 18 is controlled by the control device 23 causing it to open during the operation of the burner 2, and its closing during the combustion stops in the burner 2. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to permanently maintain air circulation in the intermediate pipeline.

Le four selon l'invention est prévu pour fonctionner selon trois modes de fonctionnement successifs, au choix de l'opérateur: un mode convection, un mode vapeur, et un mode convection et vapeur.The oven according to the invention is designed to operate according to three successive operating modes, at the operator's choice: a convection mode, a steam mode, and a convection and steam mode.

Dans le mode de fonctionnement en convection, le four fonctionne de la même manière qu'un four à convection et chauffage direct au gaz: le moteur 5 entraîne la turbine 4 et assure le brassage de l'atmosphère intérieure de l'enceinte du four; le brûleur 2 assure la combustion d'un mélange air-gaz produit par l'équipement extérieur 11; la conduite 6 évacue les gaz brûlés. Le générateur de vapeur 15 est à l'arrêt. La régulation de température à l'intérieur de l'enceinte du four est assurée par le dispositif de commande 23 qui reçoit des informations de température d'un capteur de température non représenté sur les figures, provoque l'ouverture ou la fermeture des électrovannes 22 pour assurer des périodes alternatives de combustion et d'arrêt de la combustion dans le brûleur 2, et commande le fonctionnement d'une électrode d'allumage du gaz au niveau du brûleur 2, électrode identique à celles des fours à gaz à chauffage direct habituels.In the convection operating mode, the oven operates in the same way as a convection oven and direct gas heating: the motor 5 drives the turbine 4 and ensures the mixing of the interior atmosphere of the oven enclosure; the burner 2 ensures the combustion of an air-gas mixture produced by the external equipment 11; line 6 evacuates the burnt gases. The steam generator 15 is stopped. The temperature regulation inside the oven enclosure is ensured by the control device 23 which receives temperature information from a temperature sensor not shown in the figures, causes the solenoid valves 22 to open or close. to ensure alternative periods of combustion and of stopping of combustion in the burner 2, and controls the operation of a gas ignition electrode at the level of the burner 2, electrode identical to those of the usual direct-heating gas ovens .

Dans le mode de fonctionnement vapeur, les électrovannes 22 interrompent l'introduction de gaz, tandis que le surpresseur 25 assure une circulation d'air à travers la canalisation intermédiaire 12. La source auxiliaire de chaleur 17 assure le maintien du brûleur 2 à une température supérieure à la température de condensation de vapeur d'eau dans l'enceinte. Le générateur de vapeur 15 produit de la vapeur d'eau et l'introduit dans l'enceinte 1 du four à travers la canalisation 16.In the steam operating mode, the solenoid valves 22 interrupt the introduction of gas, while the booster 25 ensures air circulation through the intermediate pipe 12. The auxiliary heat source 17 maintains the burner 2 at a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of water vapor in the enclosure. The steam generator 15 produces water vapor and introduces it into the enclosure 1 of the oven through the pipe 16.

En fonctionnement convection et vapeur, l'ensemble des organes du four est en fonctionnement: le moteur 5 entraîne la turbine 4 en rotation pour brasser l'atmosphère intérieure à l'enceinte; le dispositif de commande 23 commande les électrovannes 22 et l'électrode d'allumage pour assurer des périodes de combustion intermittentes du gaz dans le brûleur 2 pour le maintien du four à une température désirée; le générateur de vapeur 15 introduit dans l'enceinte du four de la vapeur d'eau.In convection and steam operation, all of the oven's components are in operation: the motor 5 drives the turbine 4 in rotation to stir the atmosphere inside the enclosure; the control device 23 controls the solenoid valves 22 and the ignition electrode to ensure intermittent periods of combustion of the gas in the burner 2 to maintain the oven at a desired temperature; the steam generator 15 introduced into the enclosure of the oven with steam.

Grâce aux moyens de l'invention, il est possible d'interrompre la combustion des gaz dans le brûleur 2 et de reprendre la combustion à tout moment, malgré la présence de vapeur dans le four.Thanks to the means of the invention, it is possible to interrupt the combustion of the gases in the burner 2 and to resume combustion at any time, despite the presence of steam in the oven.

En position vapeur, il est préférable d'éviter la sortie de vapeur à l'extérieur de l'enceinte du four. Pour cela, on prévoit d'interposer dans la conduite de sortie de gaz brûlés 6 un clapet de fermeture 19, actionnés par des moyens moteurs commandés par les moyens de commande 23 le mettant en position fermée lors du fonctionnement en vapeur, et le mettant en position ouverte lors du fonctionnement du brûleur 2.In the steam position, it is preferable to avoid the steam outlet outside the oven enclosure. For this, provision is made to interpose in the burnt gas outlet pipe 6 a closing valve 19, actuated by motor means controlled by the control means 23 putting it in the closed position during steam operation, and putting it in open position during burner operation 2.

Claims (8)

1. A direct heating and convection gas oven, including an oven enclosure (1) intended to contain the material to be heated, at least one gas burner (2) placed inside the enclosure, a turbine (4) stirring the atmosphere inside the enclosure, a burnt gas discharge pipe (6), an intermediate duct (12) connecting the burner (2) to external equipment (11) including an air booster (25) and means (24, 26, 22) for producing and feeding into the intermediate duct an appropriate mixture of air leaving the booster and gas coming from a gas intake duct (13), characterized in that it further comprises:
a steam generator (15) and a duct (16) for bringing the steam produced by the steam generator (15) into the oven enclosure (1),
heating means (17) for maintaining the gas burner (2) permanently at a temperature greater than the steam condensation temperature, thus avoiding the formation of liquid water in or on the gas burner,
means (18, 25) for preventing the steam present in the oven enclosure (1) from penetrating into the intermediate duct (12).
2. The oven according to claim 1, characterized in that said means for preventing the penetration of steam into the intermediate duct are formed by the air booster (25), fed with electric energy and producing an airflow in the intermediate duct and in the bnurner during the gas combustion interruption periods.
3. The oven according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said heating means for maintaining the burner at the desired temperature include an auxiliary heat source (17) producing heating of the burner.
4. The oven according to claim 3, characterized in that said auxiliary heat source is an electric resistance, fed from an external electric power source.
5. The oven according to claim 3, characterized in that said auxiliary heat source is a gas pilot burner permanently fed with gas.
6. The oven according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that said auxiliary heat source heats the air during passage thereof through the intermediate duct (12), the air thus heated and flowing through the intermediate duct and the burner preventing the condensation of steam in the burner and the intermediate duct.
7. The oven according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that said auxiliary heat source acts directly on the burner.
8. The oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for preventing the penetration of steam into the intermediate duct include a cutoff valve (18) inserted in the intermediate duct (12) in the vicinity of the burner, the zone of the intermediate duct between the valve and the burner being subjected to the action of an auxiliary heat source maintaining its temperature at a value greater than the steam condensation temperature in the enclosure, the valve being controlled by control means (23) causing opening thereof during operation of the burner and closure thereof during stopping of combustion in the burner.
EP88420006A 1987-01-08 1988-01-06 Gas oven with a steam generator Expired - Lifetime EP0277888B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8700413 1987-01-08
FR8700413A FR2609532B1 (en) 1987-01-08 1987-01-08 GAS STEAM OVEN

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EP0277888A1 EP0277888A1 (en) 1988-08-10
EP0277888B1 true EP0277888B1 (en) 1991-01-02

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US (1) US4823766A (en)
EP (1) EP0277888B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3861325D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2019470B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2609532B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3861325D1 (en) 1991-02-07
EP0277888A1 (en) 1988-08-10
US4823766A (en) 1989-04-25
ES2019470B3 (en) 1991-06-16
FR2609532A1 (en) 1988-07-15
FR2609532B1 (en) 1990-12-14

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