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EP0271111A2 - Boiler using exterior recycling of combustion gases - Google Patents

Boiler using exterior recycling of combustion gases Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0271111A2
EP0271111A2 EP87118357A EP87118357A EP0271111A2 EP 0271111 A2 EP0271111 A2 EP 0271111A2 EP 87118357 A EP87118357 A EP 87118357A EP 87118357 A EP87118357 A EP 87118357A EP 0271111 A2 EP0271111 A2 EP 0271111A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
air
gas recirculation
recirculation line
boiler system
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Granted
Application number
EP87118357A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0271111A3 (en
EP0271111B1 (en
Inventor
Walter Dipl.-Ing. Dreizler
Ulrich Dipl.-Ing. Dreizler
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Dreizler Walter
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Dreizler Walter
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Application filed by Dreizler Walter filed Critical Dreizler Walter
Priority to AT87118357T priority Critical patent/ATE63996T1/en
Publication of EP0271111A2 publication Critical patent/EP0271111A2/en
Publication of EP0271111A3 publication Critical patent/EP0271111A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/30—Premixing fluegas with combustion air

Definitions

  • the invention serves to reduce NO x in gas and oil-fired heating devices which are equipped with forced air burners.
  • a new type of exhaust gas recirculation is used, which enables the exhaust gas recirculation of a partial exhaust gas quantity from the boiler area back to the fan burner without additional conveying devices and thus brings about a sufficient reduction in the NO x content in the exhaust gases under previously unknown economic conditions.
  • an exhaust gas recirculation or exhaust gas recirculation in fireplaces can reduce NO x .
  • Versions are known in which an "internal" exhaust gas recirculation from the combustion chamber to the burner head takes place.
  • the injector effect of the fuel nozzle and / or the injector effect of the combustion air fed into the mixing chamber via fans serve as a "drive” for the recirculation of the flame gases.
  • the flame temperature is reduced from, for example, 1600 ° C. to 1500 ° C., which leads to a reduction in the NO x formation by 10-15%, but is still far above the desired, if possible below 50 ppm, at over 100 ppm Limit NO x is.
  • the partial pressure of the oxygen portion in the combustion, ie flame zone, which drops somewhat even with "hot" internal exhaust gas recirculation, is also not sufficient for sufficient NO x reduction.
  • Exhaust gas recirculation has also become known in large plants of power plants, in which partial exhaust gas quantities of up to 25% are fed back to the burner head of the forced-air burner via special (external) exhaust gas recirculation lines. It has shown, that the desired NO x reduction below 50 ppm is possible under these operating conditions. It proves to be disadvantageous that additional purchase and monitoring expenditure for the (or the) exhaust gas blower and constant additional operating costs for the electrical drive energy and the maintenance expenditure are required.
  • the embodiment according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with exhaust gas blowers by means of other suitable measures for promoting the partial exhaust gas quantity.
  • the exhaust gas partial quantity is returned in sufficient quantity by means of the suction effect of the combustion air blower.
  • additional operating noises are avoided which could put a strain on use in the industrial, commercial and household sectors.
  • Illustrations 1-5 show exemplary embodiments of the structure of the forced draft burner according to the invention with external exhaust gas recirculation - hereinafter also abbreviated to ARF - for the purpose of reducing the NO x to ⁇ 50 ppm.
  • the pictures show a draw-in boiler 1 with a "hot" combustion chamber 2, exhaust gas deflection 3, exhaust pipe 4 and exhaust pipe 5.
  • Each commercially available boiler of a different type, for example with 2 or 3 boiler trains, can also use the fan burner according to the invention to effectively reduce NO x operate.
  • the burner flame 7 of the forced draft burner 9 burns, which is from the ventilation housing 10 with motor 11 and combustion air blower wheel 12, the burner housing 13 with burner head 14 and fuel supply 15, as well as with solenoid valve 16, gas regulating flap 17 and other gas safety fittings, furthermore the Burner flame tube 18 is formed in its main components.
  • an air intake box 19 or alternatively an air intake port 20 is tightly attached to the inlet of the intake opening 21 of the valve housing 10.
  • the air intake box 19 - or alternatively the air intake port 20 - has a combustion air cross section 22a open upstream of the atmosphere.
  • the exemplary embodiments according to the invention shown in the pictures are boiler and fan burner designs known per se, which, as described below, are equipped with further inventive features.
  • Figure 1 shows a forced draft burner according to the invention with a continuously modulating operating mode in a view from above, the boiler in the burner and flue connection plane being drawn in section A-B.
  • the gas fan burner shows a partial section through the plane of the air intake opening 21 of the fan housing 10.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of this gas fan burner according to the invention from the outside with a partial view of the boiler.
  • the air intake box 19 is firmly and tightly attached to the ventilation housing 10 in front of the intake opening 21; it has, at a right angle to the right of the suction opening 21, an end 22a which opens to the atmosphere and which, due to the movable air regulating flap 23a which can be adjusted with the servomotor 36, has a generally known manner in its air passage cross section, depending on the modulating burner setting can be changed.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation line (ARF line) 32a is guided from the outside through the wall 25 of the air intake box 19 and further through the air throttle disk 24a through the air throttle disk 24a, which is adjustably arranged between the air control flap 23a and the impeller 12 in front of the air intake opening 21, that the open end protrudes into the plane of the impeller 12.
  • ARF line The exhaust gas recirculation line
  • FIG. 1 shows the further design of the air throttle disk 24a, which is mounted twice on the ARF line 32a via a bracket 39 connected to it and is displaceably arranged via the threaded spindle 26 and the adjusting knob 27 in order to be able to preset the air intake opening 21.
  • the air control flap 23a is used to actually adapt the instantaneous burner setting when the modulating fan burner is operated via an electronic burner control. The simultaneous regulation of the fuel supply 15 via the composite linkage need not be discussed here.
  • the exhaust gas control flap 29 Connected to the air control flap 23a via the composite linkage 28a is the exhaust gas control flap 29, which is also installed according to the invention in the ARF line 35 upstream outside of the intake box 19 and which has the effect that the partial exhaust gas quantity is adjusted in accordance with the air flow rate associated with the modulating burner setting.
  • the flue gas control flap 29 is likewise also opened further, in order to allow a larger part of the exhaust gas to flow in in this operating position and to ensure a sufficient proportion of exhaust gas in the combustion air for the desired NO x reduction.
  • the exhaust gas control flap 29 causes via its Verbundge rods 28a with low power and low air requirement, a throttling of the partial exhaust gas quantity in order to counteract the higher delivery pressure which occurs when the air control flap 23a is closed at the open end of the ARF line 32a in the area of the impeller 12.
  • the ARF line 32a is fastened with the flange 33 to the wall 25 of the air intake box 19.
  • the exhaust gas throttle valve 30 can be adjusted by hand and installed upstream of the exhaust gas control valve 29 in the external (outer) ARF line 35. It enables the partial exhaust gas quantity to be throttled independently of the position of the exhaust gas control flap 29.
  • the ARF line 35 is routed outside the boiler 1 and opens into the exhaust pipe 5 behind the exhaust pipe 4 of the boiler 1, wherein it is fastened to the exhaust pipe with a flange 38 and opens out at an angle or alternatively in an arc shape with an open end 37 directed upstream .
  • An additional exhaust gas build-up should increase the delivery pressure.
  • the ARF line 35 is completely or partially designed in a fixed or flexible tube design.
  • the ARF line with its open end 37 can be laid through the water-carrying part of the boiler in its rear exhaust gas path, which has to be done by the boiler being tuned by the manufacturer.
  • This variant leads to even more cooled temperatures of the exhaust gas part quantity and enables a lower thermal load on the burner parts to which it is exposed.
  • Figure 3 shows a top view with a section at the center of the flue gas outlet through the boiler 1 and a partial section through the forced draft burner 9 in the plane of the air intake opening 21, another embodiment with a cylindrical air intake pipe 20, which bears close to the ventilation housing 10 in front of the intake opening 21 and the cylinder axis of which is arranged approximately in the middle of the motor and fan wheel axis and has a permanently adjustable air throttle disc 24b at its open end 22b.
  • the air control flap 23b which is required for the modulating fan burner and is driven by the servomotor 36, is attached which in turn adjusts the exhaust gas control flap 29 mounted in the ARF line 35 in the same way via the connecting linkage 28a, as already described.
  • the air throttle disk 24b arranged at the open end 22b serves to preset an ARF line 32b which is sufficient for conveying the partial exhaust gas quantity even at the open position of the air control flap 23b at the ARF line 32b which is inserted laterally in the vicinity of the fan housing 10 into the air intake pipe and is bent at right angles to the fan wheel .
  • the location for the ARF line insertion is selected in the area of the quadrant 34 not covered by the approximately 90 ° pivoting air control flap 23b.
  • the air control flap 23b and the air throttle disk 24b can also be moved closer together with their center distances if the quadrants 34 not covered by the swivel angle are selected for the "overlap" for the adjustment range.
  • the exhaust gas throttle valve 30 is installed upstream of the exhaust gas control valve 29.
  • the ARF line 32b can be inserted into the air intake pipe 20 from both directions (horizontally from the front or rear, vertically from above or below) if the axial directions of the air regulating flap 23b and the air throttle disk 24b are simultaneously also pivoted.
  • a particularly space-saving arrangement of the components within the air intake pipe 32b thus results, as already described, from the fact that the air throttle disk and the air control flap overlap in the uncovered quadrant of the swivel range and the ARF line is likewise introduced into such a quadrant 34.
  • Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the ARF line 32b with a modulating fan burner for the arrangement in the air intake pipe 20b.
  • the fixed throttle disk 31 is used.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment for the single-stage fan burner version.
  • the combustion air is preset in a shortened air tube 20c by means of the air throttle disk 24b.
  • the ARF line only has the exhaust throttle valve 30.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The boiler operates with a blower burner (9) and a recycling of combustion gases, the recycling line (32a) opening upstream of the combustion-air blower (12) into the negative pressure region of the latter or downstream of the combustion-air blower (12) into the ventilation housing (10) of the same, so that a negative pressure is brought about at the mouth. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung dient zur Reduzierung von NOx bei gas-und ölbefeuer­ten Heizgeräten, die mit Gebläsebrenner ausgerüstet sind. Beim Gegen­stand der Erfindung wird eine neuartige Abgasrückführung verwendet, die ohne zusätzliche Fördereinrichtungen die Abgasrückführung einer Teilabgasmenge vom Kesselbereich zurück zum Gebläsebrenner ermöglicht und damit unter bisher nicht bekannten wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen eine ausreichende Reduzierung des NOx-Anteils in den Abgasen herbeiführt.The invention serves to reduce NO x in gas and oil-fired heating devices which are equipped with forced air burners. In the subject matter of the invention, a new type of exhaust gas recirculation is used, which enables the exhaust gas recirculation of a partial exhaust gas quantity from the boiler area back to the fan burner without additional conveying devices and thus brings about a sufficient reduction in the NO x content in the exhaust gases under previously unknown economic conditions.

Es ist bekannt, daß durch eine Abgasrückführung oder Abgasrezirkula­tion bei Feuerstätten eine NOx-Reduzierung erzielt werden kann. Bekannt sind dabei Ausführungen, bei denen eine "innere" Abgasrezir­kulation vom Feuerraum zum Brennerkopf zurück erfolgt. Die Injek­torwirkung der Brennstoffdüse und/oder die Injektorwirkung der über Gebläse bis in den Mischraum geführten Verbrennungsluft dienen dabei als "Antrieb" für die Rezirkulation der Flammengase. Dadurch wird die Flammentemperatur von bspw. 1600°C auf 1500°C reduziert, was zwar zu einer Verminderung der NOx-Bildung um 10-15% führt, aber immer noch mit über 100 ppm weit über dem angestrebten, möglichst unter 50 ppm liegenden Grenzwert NOx liegt. Der auch bei "heißer" innerer Abgasrezirkulation etwas absinkende Partialdruck des Sauerstoff-An­teiles in der Verbrennungs- d.h. Flammenzone reicht ebenfalls nicht zur ausreichenden NOx-Absenkung aus.It is known that an exhaust gas recirculation or exhaust gas recirculation in fireplaces can reduce NO x . Versions are known in which an "internal" exhaust gas recirculation from the combustion chamber to the burner head takes place. The injector effect of the fuel nozzle and / or the injector effect of the combustion air fed into the mixing chamber via fans serve as a "drive" for the recirculation of the flame gases. As a result, the flame temperature is reduced from, for example, 1600 ° C. to 1500 ° C., which leads to a reduction in the NO x formation by 10-15%, but is still far above the desired, if possible below 50 ppm, at over 100 ppm Limit NO x is. The partial pressure of the oxygen portion in the combustion, ie flame zone, which drops somewhat even with "hot" internal exhaust gas recirculation, is also not sufficient for sufficient NO x reduction.

Bekanntgeworden sind auch Abgasrückführungen bei Großanlagen von Kraft­werken, bei denen Abgasteilmengen bis zu 25% über spezielle Abgasförder­gebläse über außen liegende (externe)Abgasrückführleitungen zurück zum Brennerkopf des Gebläsebrenners geführt werden. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß unter diesen Betriebsbedingungen die gewünschte NOx-Absenkung unter 50 ppm möglich ist. Als nachteilig erweist sich dabei, daß ein zusätzlicher Anschaffungs-und Überwachungsaufwand für das (oder die) Abgasgebläse und ständige zusätzliche Betriebskosten für die elektrische Antriebsenergie und den Wartungsaufwand erforderlich sind.Exhaust gas recirculation has also become known in large plants of power plants, in which partial exhaust gas quantities of up to 25% are fed back to the burner head of the forced-air burner via special (external) exhaust gas recirculation lines. It has shown, that the desired NO x reduction below 50 ppm is possible under these operating conditions. It proves to be disadvantageous that additional purchase and monitoring expenditure for the (or the) exhaust gas blower and constant additional operating costs for the electrical drive energy and the maintenance expenditure are required.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung ermöglicht dagegen den Verzicht auf Abgasgebläse durch andere geeignete Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Abgas­teilmenge. Dabei wird mittels der Saugwirkung des Verbrennungsluft­gebläses die Abgasteilmenge in ausreichender Menge zurückgeführt. Neben den eingesparten zusätzlichen Kosten für das Abgasgebläse wer­den auch zusätzliche Betriebsgeräusche vermieden, die den Einsatz im Industrie-, Gewerbe-und Haushaltssektor belasten könnten.The embodiment according to the invention, on the other hand, makes it possible to dispense with exhaust gas blowers by means of other suitable measures for promoting the partial exhaust gas quantity. The exhaust gas partial quantity is returned in sufficient quantity by means of the suction effect of the combustion air blower. In addition to the additional costs saved for the exhaust gas blower, additional operating noises are avoided which could put a strain on use in the industrial, commercial and household sectors.

In den Bildern 1-5 sind Ausführungsbeispiele über den erfindungs­gemäßen Aufbau des Gebläsebrenners mit externer Abgasrückführung -nachfolgend auch abgekürzt ARF genannt- zum Zwecke der NOx-Redu­zierung auf < 50 ppm dargestellt. Die Bilder zeigen einen Einzug-­Kessel 1 mit "heißer" Brennkammer 2, Abgasumlenkung 3, Abgasstutzen 4 und Abgasrohr 5. Jeder handelsübliche Kessel anderer Bauart, bspw. mit 2 oder 3 Kesselzügen, kann mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Gebläse­brenner ebenfalls zur wirksamen NOx-Reduzierung betrieben werden. In der mit 6 bezeichneten Feuerraum brennt die Brennerflamme 7 des Gebläsebrenners 9, der vom Ventilationsgehäuse 10 mit Motor 11 und Verbrennungsluft-Gebläserad 12, dem Brennergehäuse 13 mit Brenner­kopf 14 und Brennstoffzufuhr 15, sowie mit Magnetventil 16, Gasre­gelklappe 17 und anderen Gassicherheitsarmaturen, ferner dem Brenner­flammrohr 18 in seinen Hauptbestandteilen gebildet wird. In an sich weiterhin bekannter Weise ist ein Luftansaugkasten 19 oder alternativ ein Luftansaugstutzen 20 am Eingang der Ansaugöffnung 21 des Ventilge­häuses 10 dicht befestigt. Der Luftansaugkasten 19 -oder alternativ der Luftansaugstutzen 20 - weist stromaufwärts einen gegenüber der Atmosphäre offenen Verbrennungsluftquerschnitt 22a auf. Insoweit han­delt es sich bei den in den Bildern dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispielen um an sich bekannte Kessel-und Gebläsebrenner-­Ausführungen, die, wie nachfolgend beschrieben, mit weiteren erfinderi­schen Merkmalen ausgerüstet sind.Illustrations 1-5 show exemplary embodiments of the structure of the forced draft burner according to the invention with external exhaust gas recirculation - hereinafter also abbreviated to ARF - for the purpose of reducing the NO x to <50 ppm. The pictures show a draw-in boiler 1 with a "hot" combustion chamber 2, exhaust gas deflection 3, exhaust pipe 4 and exhaust pipe 5. Each commercially available boiler of a different type, for example with 2 or 3 boiler trains, can also use the fan burner according to the invention to effectively reduce NO x operate. In the combustion chamber denoted by 6, the burner flame 7 of the forced draft burner 9 burns, which is from the ventilation housing 10 with motor 11 and combustion air blower wheel 12, the burner housing 13 with burner head 14 and fuel supply 15, as well as with solenoid valve 16, gas regulating flap 17 and other gas safety fittings, furthermore the Burner flame tube 18 is formed in its main components. In a manner known per se, an air intake box 19 or alternatively an air intake port 20 is tightly attached to the inlet of the intake opening 21 of the valve housing 10. The air intake box 19 - or alternatively the air intake port 20 - has a combustion air cross section 22a open upstream of the atmosphere. In this respect, the exemplary embodiments according to the invention shown in the pictures are boiler and fan burner designs known per se, which, as described below, are equipped with further inventive features.

Bild 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Gebläsebrenner mit stufenlos modulierend arbeitender Betriebsweise in einer Ansicht von oben, wobei der Kessel in Brenner-und Abgasstutzenebene im Schnitt A-B ge­zeichnet ist. Der Gasgebläsebrenner zeigt dabei einen Teilschnitt durch die Ebene der Luftansaugöffnung 21 des Ventilatorgehäuses 10.Figure 1 shows a forced draft burner according to the invention with a continuously modulating operating mode in a view from above, the boiler in the burner and flue connection plane being drawn in section A-B. The gas fan burner shows a partial section through the plane of the air intake opening 21 of the fan housing 10.

Bild 2 zeigt eine Seitenansicht dieses erfindungsgemäßen Gasgebläse­brenner von außen mit Teilansicht vom Kessel. Wie aus Bild 1 her­vorgeht, ist der Luftansaugkasten 19 vor der Ansaugöffnung 21 am Ventilationsgehäuse 10 fest und dicht angebaut; er weist in einem rechten Winkel rechts seitlich zur Ansaugöffnung 21 ein zur Atmosphäre hin offendes Ende 22a auf, das durch die bewegliche, mit Stellmotor 36 verstellbare Luftregelklappe 23a je nach modulierender Brennereinstel­lung in seinem Luftdurchlassquerschnitt in allgemein bekannter Weise verändert werden kann. Durch die zwischen Luftregelklappe 23a und Gebläserad 12 vor der Luftansaugöffnung 21 verstellbar angeordnete Luftdrosselscheibe 24a wird erfindungsgemäß die Abgasrückführungs-­Leitung (ARF-Leitung) 32a von außen her durch die Wand 25 des Luft­ansaugkasten 19 und weiter durch die Luftdrosselscheibe 24a so weit nach innen geführt, daß das offene Ende in die Ebene des Gebläserades 12 hereinragt. An dieser Stelle besteht ein weitgehend gleichmäßiger, bei jeder Stellung der Luftregelklappe 23a und/oder der Luftdrossel­scheibe 24a optimaler Unterdruck zur Förderung der extern in noch zu beschreibender Weise herangeführten Abgasteilmenge in der ARF-Leitung 35, wobei es im Bereich des Gebläserades 12 zu einer gleichmäßigen Vertei­lung und Vermischung mit der Verbrennungsluft kommt. Auf diese Weise kann auf eine mechanische Förderung mittels besonderer Abgasgebläse verzichtet werden, das ausschlaggebende Merkmal vorliegender Erfindung.Figure 2 shows a side view of this gas fan burner according to the invention from the outside with a partial view of the boiler. As can be seen from Figure 1, the air intake box 19 is firmly and tightly attached to the ventilation housing 10 in front of the intake opening 21; it has, at a right angle to the right of the suction opening 21, an end 22a which opens to the atmosphere and which, due to the movable air regulating flap 23a which can be adjusted with the servomotor 36, has a generally known manner in its air passage cross section, depending on the modulating burner setting can be changed. The exhaust gas recirculation line (ARF line) 32a is guided from the outside through the wall 25 of the air intake box 19 and further through the air throttle disk 24a through the air throttle disk 24a, which is adjustably arranged between the air control flap 23a and the impeller 12 in front of the air intake opening 21, that the open end protrudes into the plane of the impeller 12. At this point, there is a largely uniform vacuum, which is optimal for each position of the air regulating flap 23a and / or the air throttle disk 24a, in order to promote the partial exhaust gas quantity, which is to be described externally, in the ARF line 35, whereby in the region of the impeller 12 it becomes uniform Distribution and mixing with the combustion air comes. In this way, mechanical conveyance by means of special exhaust gas blowers can be dispensed with, the decisive feature of the present invention.

Aus Bild 1 geht die weitere Ausbildung der Luftdrosselscheibe 24a her­vor, die über einem mit ihr verbundenen Bügel 39 zweifach auf der ARF-Leitung 32a gelagert und über die Gewindespindel 26 und den Ver­stellknopf 27 verschieblich angeordnet ist, um die Luftansaugöffnung 21 voreinstellen zu können. Die Luftregelklappe 23a dient zur eigentlichen Anpassung der momentanen Brennereinstellung bei über eine elektronische Brennerregelung geregelter Betriebsweise des modulierenden Gebläsebren­ners. Auf die gleichzeitige Regelung der Brennstoffzufuhr 15 über das Verbundgestänge braucht hier nicht eingegangen zu werden. Mit der Luft­regelklappe 23a verbunden über das Verbundgestänge 28a ist die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß in die ARF-Leitung 35 stromaufwärts außerhalb des An­saugkasten 19 eingebaute Abgasregelklappe 29, die bewirkt, daß die Ab­gasteilmenge gemäß der modulierenden Brennereinstellung zugeordneten Luftdurchsatz angepaßt wird. Bei größerer Brenner- und damit Luftein­stellung wird die Abgasregelklappe 29 sinngemäß ebenfalls weiter geöffnet, um in dieser Betriebsstellung eine größere Abgasteilmenge einströmen zu lassen und einen ausreichenden Abgasanteil in der Ver­brennungsluft zur angestrebten NOx-Absenkung zu gewährleisten.1 shows the further design of the air throttle disk 24a, which is mounted twice on the ARF line 32a via a bracket 39 connected to it and is displaceably arranged via the threaded spindle 26 and the adjusting knob 27 in order to be able to preset the air intake opening 21. The air control flap 23a is used to actually adapt the instantaneous burner setting when the modulating fan burner is operated via an electronic burner control. The simultaneous regulation of the fuel supply 15 via the composite linkage need not be discussed here. Connected to the air control flap 23a via the composite linkage 28a is the exhaust gas control flap 29, which is also installed according to the invention in the ARF line 35 upstream outside of the intake box 19 and which has the effect that the partial exhaust gas quantity is adjusted in accordance with the air flow rate associated with the modulating burner setting. With a larger burner and thus air setting, the flue gas control flap 29 is likewise also opened further, in order to allow a larger part of the exhaust gas to flow in in this operating position and to ensure a sufficient proportion of exhaust gas in the combustion air for the desired NO x reduction.

Andererseits bewirkt die Abgasregelklappe 29 über ihr Verbundge­ stänge 28a bei kleiner Leistung und geringem Luftbedarf eine Drosselung der Abgasteilmenge, um dem höheren Förderdruck ent­gegenzuwirken, der sich bei mehr geschlossener Luftregelklappe 23a am offenen Ende der ARF-Leitung 32a im Bereich des Gebläse­rades 12 einstellt.On the other hand, the exhaust gas control flap 29 causes via its Verbundge rods 28a with low power and low air requirement, a throttling of the partial exhaust gas quantity in order to counteract the higher delivery pressure which occurs when the air control flap 23a is closed at the open end of the ARF line 32a in the area of the impeller 12.

Die ARF-Leitung 32a ist mit dem Flansch 33 an der Wand 25 des Luftansaugkastens 19 befestigt.The ARF line 32a is fastened with the flange 33 to the wall 25 of the air intake box 19.

Die Abgasdrosselklappe 30 ist von Hand zu verstellen und strom­aufwärts zur Abgasregelklappe 29 in die externe (äußere) ARF-Lei­tung 35 eingebaut. Sie ermöglicht eine Vordrosselung der Abgasteil­menge unabhängig zur Stellung der Abgasregelklappe 29.The exhaust gas throttle valve 30 can be adjusted by hand and installed upstream of the exhaust gas control valve 29 in the external (outer) ARF line 35. It enables the partial exhaust gas quantity to be throttled independently of the position of the exhaust gas control flap 29.

Die ARF-Leitung 35 ist außerhalb des Kessels 1 herumgeführt und mündet in das Abgasrohr 5 hinter dem Abgasstutzen 4 des Kessels 1 ein, wobei sie am Abgasrohr mit einem Flansch 38 befestigt ist und winkel-oder alternative dazu bogenförmig mit stromaufwärts gerichtetem offenen Ende 37 einmündet. Damit soll ein zusätzlicher Abgasstau den Förderdruck erhöhen. Die ARF-Leitung 35 wird ganz oder teilweise in fester oder flexibler Rohrausführung ausgeführt.The ARF line 35 is routed outside the boiler 1 and opens into the exhaust pipe 5 behind the exhaust pipe 4 of the boiler 1, wherein it is fastened to the exhaust pipe with a flange 38 and opens out at an angle or alternatively in an arc shape with an open end 37 directed upstream . An additional exhaust gas build-up should increase the delivery pressure. The ARF line 35 is completely or partially designed in a fixed or flexible tube design.

Alternativ dazu kann die ARF-Leitung mit ihrem offenen Ende 37 durch den wasserführenden Teil des Kessels hindurch in dessen hinteren Abgasweg verlegt sein, was durch eine herstellerseitige Abstimmung des Kessels zu erfolgen hat. Diese Variante führt zu noch stärker abgekühlten Temperaturen der Abgasteilmenge und ermög­licht eine geringere thermische Belastung der von ihr beaufschlagten Brennerteile.Alternatively, the ARF line with its open end 37 can be laid through the water-carrying part of the boiler in its rear exhaust gas path, which has to be done by the boiler being tuned by the manufacturer. This variant leads to even more cooled temperatures of the exhaust gas part quantity and enables a lower thermal load on the burner parts to which it is exposed.

Bild 3 zeigt in einer Ansicht von oben mit einem Schnitt in Höhe Abgasstutzenmitte durch den Kessel 1 und einem Teilschnitt durch den Gebläsebrenner 9 in der Ebene der Luftansaugöffnung 21 ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem zylindrischen Luftansaugrohr 20, das vor der Ansaugöffnung 21 dicht am Ventilationsgehäuse 10 anliegt und dessen Zylinderachse etwa mittig zur Motor-und Gebläseradachse angeordnet ist und an seinem offenen Ende 22b eine fest einstellbare Lufdrosselscheibe 24b aufweist. In Richtung Luftansaugöffnung 21 -strom­abwärts- ist die für den modulierenden Gebläsebrenner erforderliche, vom Stellmotor 36 angetriebene Luftregelklappe 23b angebracht, die die ihrerseits die in der ARF-Leitung 35 montierte Abgasregel­klappe 29 über das Verbundgestänge 28a -wie bereits beschrieben- in gleicher Weise verstellt. Die am offenen Ende 22b angeordnete Luftdrosselscheibe 24b dient zur Voreinstellung eines auch bei ge­öffneter Stellung der Luftregelklappe 23b noch für die Förderung der Abgasteilmenge ausreichenden Förderdruckes an der seitlich in Nähe des Ventilatorgehäuses 10 in das Luftansaugrohr 20 eingeführ­ten und rechtwinklig zum Gebläserad hin abgebogenen ARF-Leitung 32b. Der Ort für die ARF-Leitungseinführung wird im Bereich des von der etwa 90°-schwenkenden Luftregelklappe 23b nicht erfaßten Quadranten 34 gewählt. Die Luftregelklappe 23b und die Luftdrosselscheibe 24b können mit ihren Achsabständen ebenfalls näher aneinander gerückt sein, wenn die für den Verstellbereich die vom Schwenkwinkel nicht er­faßten Quadranten 34 zur "Überlappung" gewählt werden.Figure 3 shows a top view with a section at the center of the flue gas outlet through the boiler 1 and a partial section through the forced draft burner 9 in the plane of the air intake opening 21, another embodiment with a cylindrical air intake pipe 20, which bears close to the ventilation housing 10 in front of the intake opening 21 and the cylinder axis of which is arranged approximately in the middle of the motor and fan wheel axis and has a permanently adjustable air throttle disc 24b at its open end 22b. In the direction of the air intake opening 21 downstream, the air control flap 23b, which is required for the modulating fan burner and is driven by the servomotor 36, is attached which in turn adjusts the exhaust gas control flap 29 mounted in the ARF line 35 in the same way via the connecting linkage 28a, as already described. The air throttle disk 24b arranged at the open end 22b serves to preset an ARF line 32b which is sufficient for conveying the partial exhaust gas quantity even at the open position of the air control flap 23b at the ARF line 32b which is inserted laterally in the vicinity of the fan housing 10 into the air intake pipe and is bent at right angles to the fan wheel . The location for the ARF line insertion is selected in the area of the quadrant 34 not covered by the approximately 90 ° pivoting air control flap 23b. The air control flap 23b and the air throttle disk 24b can also be moved closer together with their center distances if the quadrants 34 not covered by the swivel angle are selected for the "overlap" for the adjustment range.

In weiterer Ergänzung der externen ARF-Leitung 35 nach Bild 3 ist die Abgasdrosselklappe 30 stromaufwärts zur Abgasregelklappe 29 eingebaut.In addition to the external ARF line 35 according to Figure 3, the exhaust gas throttle valve 30 is installed upstream of the exhaust gas control valve 29.

Die Einführung der ARF-Leitung 32b in das Luftansaugrohr 20 kann von beiden Richtungen her (horizontal von vorne oder hinten, verti­kal von oben oder unten) erfolgen, wenn gleichzeitig die Achsrich­tungen der Luftregelklappe 23b und der Luftdrosselscheibe 24b mit­geschwenkt verlegt werden. Eine besonders raumsparende Anordnung der Bauteile innerhalb des Luftansaugrohres 32b ergibt sich also wie bereits beschrieben dadurch, daß sich die Luftdrosselscheibe und die Luftregelklappe im nicht bestrichenen Quadranten des Schwenkbereichs überlappen und die ARF-Leitung ebenfalls in einem solchen Quadranten 34 eingeführt wird.
Bild 4 stellt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der ARF-Leitung 32b bei modulierendem Gebläsebrenner für die Anordnung im Luftansaugrohr 20b dar. Anstelle der Luftdrosselscheibe 24b wird die fest montierte Fest­drosselscheibe 31 eingesetzt.The ARF line 32b can be inserted into the air intake pipe 20 from both directions (horizontally from the front or rear, vertically from above or below) if the axial directions of the air regulating flap 23b and the air throttle disk 24b are simultaneously also pivoted. A particularly space-saving arrangement of the components within the air intake pipe 32b thus results, as already described, from the fact that the air throttle disk and the air control flap overlap in the uncovered quadrant of the swivel range and the ARF line is likewise introduced into such a quadrant 34.
Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the ARF line 32b with a modulating fan burner for the arrangement in the air intake pipe 20b. Instead of the air throttle disk 24b, the fixed throttle disk 31 is used.

Bild 5 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die einstufige Gebläse­brennerausführung.
Hier entfallen die Bauteile "Luftregelklappe" und Verbundgestänge" für eine stufenlose Regelung der Verbrennungsluft. Statt dessen wird in einem verkürzten Luftrohr 20c die Verbrennungsluft mittels der Luftdrosselscheibe 24b voreingestellt. In Ergänzung dazu weist die ARF-Leitung nur noch die Abgasdrosselklappe 30 auf.Figure 5 shows an embodiment for the single-stage fan burner version.
Here the components "air control flap" and composite linkage "are omitted a stepless regulation of the combustion air. Instead, the combustion air is preset in a shortened air tube 20c by means of the air throttle disk 24b. In addition, the ARF line only has the exhaust throttle valve 30.

Claims (16)

1. Verfahren zur Abgasentgiftung mit teilweiser Abgas­rückführung durch eine Abgasrückführleitung an einer Heizkesselanlage mit Heizkessel, Gebläsebrenner und Abgasrohr, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Antrieb der rückzuführenden Gase ausschließlich durch den Unterdruck der Gebläseluft des Gebläse­brenners und den abgasseitigen Überdruck der Abgase bewirkt wird.1. A method for exhaust gas detoxification with partial exhaust gas recirculation through an exhaust gas recirculation line on a boiler system with a boiler, fan burner and exhaust pipe, characterized in that the drive of the gases to be returned is effected exclusively by the negative pressure of the fan air of the fan burner and the exhaust gas-side pressure of the exhaust gases. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gebläseluftmenge und die rückgeführte Abgas­menge unabhängig voneinander steuerbar sind.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blower air volume and the recirculated exhaust gas volume are independently controllable. 3. Heizkesselanlage
- mit einem Gebläsebrenner, der einen Antriebsmotor, ein Verbrennungsluftgebläse, ein Ventilationsgehäuse, einen Brennerkopf, ein Flammrohr und eine die maxi­male Luftmenge steuernde, insbesondere willkürlich einstellbare Luftdrosselscheibe aufweist,
- mit einem Heizkessel,
- mit einem Abgasrohr
- und mit einer externen Abgasrückführung mittels einer Abgasrückführleitung,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abgasrückführleitung (32a, 32b, 35) in den Unterdruckbereich des Ver­brennungsluftgebläses (12) mündet.3. Boiler system
with a forced-air burner, which has a drive motor, a combustion air blower, a ventilation housing, a burner head, a flame tube and an air throttle disk which controls the maximum amount of air and in particular can be set arbitrarily,
- with a boiler,
- with an exhaust pipe
- and with an external exhaust gas recirculation by means of an exhaust gas recirculation line,
characterized in that the exhaust gas recirculation line (32a, 32b, 35) opens into the vacuum region of the combustion air blower (12). 4. Heizkesselanlage nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das Verbrennungsluftgebläse mit einem Gebläserad (12) (Tangentialgebläse) arbeitet und daß die Abgasrückführleitung (32a, 35) durch die Außenwand (25) eines Luftansaugkastens (19) in Richtung Motorachse bis zur Ebene des Gebläserades (12) geführt ist.4. Boiler system according to claim 3, characterized in that the combustion air blower works with a fan wheel (12) (tangential fan) and that the exhaust gas recirculation line (32a, 35) through the outer wall (25) of an air intake box (19) in the direction of the engine axis to the level of Blower wheel (12) is guided. 5. Heizkesselanlage nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß auf dem im Ansaugkasten (19) angeord­neten Abschnitt der Abgasrückführleitung (32a) über einen Bügel (39) die Luftdrosselscheibe (24a) verschiebbar gelagert ist und daß deren Lage über eine von außerhalb des Ansaugkastens (19) zugängliche (27) Gewindespindel (26) änderbar ist.5. Boiler system according to claim 4, characterized in that on the in the intake box (19) arranged section of the exhaust gas recirculation line (32a) via a bracket (39), the air throttle disc (24a) is slidably mounted and that its location on one of the outside of the intake box ( 19) accessible (27) threaded spindle (26) is changeable. 6. Heizkesselanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gebläsebrenner (9) einen modulierenden Brennerbetrieb aufweist mit einer Brennstoff-Luft-Verbundregelung, mit einem Brennstoffsteuerorgan (17), einer Luftregel­klappe (23b) und einem Verbundgestänge (28a, 28b) sowie einem Stellmotor (36) für eines dieser Steuer­organe (17, 23b).6. Boiler system according to one of claims 3-5, characterized in that the forced draft burner (9) has a modulating burner operation with a fuel-air composite control, with a fuel control element (17), an air control flap (23b) and a composite linkage (28a, 28b) and a servomotor (36) for one of these control elements (17, 23b). 7. Heizkesselanlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Luftdrosselscheibe und/oder die Luftregelklappe stromab des Gebläses angeordnet ist.7. Boiler system according to claim 6, characterized in that the air throttle disc and / or the air control valve is arranged downstream of the fan. 8. Heizkesselanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luftdrosselscheibe (24a, 24b) und/oder die Luftregelklappe (23a, 23b) stromauf des Gebläses (12) angeordnet sind und daß die Abgasrückführleitung (32b) vertikal zu der Achse und neben mindestens einem dieser Steuer­organe (23, 24) verläuft und zwar in dem von dessen Schwenkbereich nicht erfassten Quadranten (34).8. Boiler system according to one of claims 3-6, characterized in that the air throttle disc (24a, 24b) and / or the air control flap (23a, 23b) are arranged upstream of the blower (12) and that the exhaust gas recirculation line (32b) is vertical to the Axis and next to at least one of these control elements (23, 24) runs in the quadrant (34) not covered by its swivel range. 9. Heizkesselanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Abgasrückführlei­tung (35) vorzugsweise außerhalb des Luftansaug­kastens (19) bzw. des Luftansaugrohrs (20) eine Abgasregelklappe (29) angeordnet ist, die über einen Stellmotor (36) in Abhängigkeit von Verbren­nungskenngrößen verstellbar ist.9. Boiler system according to one of claims 3 - 8, characterized in that in the exhaust gas recirculation line (35) preferably outside the air intake box (19) or the air intake pipe (20) an exhaust gas control valve (29) is arranged, which via an actuator (36) is adjustable depending on combustion parameters. 10. Heizkesselanlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Abgasregelklappe (29) über ein Verbundgestänge (28b) mit der Luftregelklappe (23a, 23b) und/oder der Luftdrosselscheibe bzw. dem Brenn­stoffsteuerorgan (17) verbunden ist.10. Boiler system according to claim 9, characterized in that the exhaust gas control flap (29) via a composite linkage (28b) with the air control flap (23a, 23b) and / or the air throttle disk or the fuel control member (17) is connected. 11. Heizkesselanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abgasrück­führleitung (35, 38) im hinteren, inneren Kesselbe­reich durch einen wasserführenden Mantel hindurch­führbar ist und daß vorzugsweise der Eingang der Abgasrückführleitung (37) im Abgasweg innerhalb des Kessels angeordnet ist.11. Boiler system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust gas recirculation line (35, 38) can be passed through a water-carrying jacket in the rear, inner boiler area and that preferably the input of the exhaust gas recirculation line (37) is arranged in the exhaust gas path within the boiler. 12. Heizkesselanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Einmün­dung der Abgasrückführleitung (35) in das Abgasrohr (5) bzw. den Heizkessel (1) ein lösbarer Flansch (38) vorgesehen ist und daß dieser Flansch der äußeren Form der Verbindungsstelle (Wölbung des Abgasrohrs 5) angepasst ist.12. Boiler system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a releasable flange (38) is provided at the confluence of the exhaust gas recirculation line (35) in the exhaust pipe (5) or the boiler (1) and that this flange of the outer shape of the Connection point (curvature of the exhaust pipe 5) is adjusted. 13. Heizkesselanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abgasrückführleitung (35) mit ihrem Anfang (37) in den Abgasstrom hinein­ragt und daß die Öffnung der Abgasrückführleitung (35) dem Abgasstrom entgegengerichtet ist.13. Boiler system according to one of claims 3-12, characterized in that the exhaust gas recirculation line (35) projects with its beginning (37) into the exhaust gas flow and that the opening of the exhaust gas recirculation line (35) is opposite to the exhaust gas flow. 14. Heizkesselanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abgasrückführleitung (35) zumindest abschnittsweise flexibel ausgebildet ist und vorzugsweise aus biegsamem Edelstahlwellrohr besteht.14. Boiler system according to one of claims 3-13, characterized in that the exhaust gas recirculation line (35) is flexible at least in sections and is preferably made of flexible stainless steel corrugated pipe. 15. Heizkesselanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abgasrückführleitung nach außen wärmeisoliert ist.15. Boiler system according to one of claims 3-14, characterized in that the exhaust gas recirculation line is thermally insulated from the outside. 16. Heizkesselanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der tiefsten Stelle der Abgasrückführleitung eine Sammelstelle für Kondenswasser vorhanden ist, die vorzugsweise ent­leerbar ist.16. Boiler system according to one of claims 3-15, characterized in that a collection point for condensed water is present at the lowest point of the exhaust gas recirculation line, which can preferably be emptied.
EP87118357A 1986-12-11 1987-12-11 Boiler using exterior recycling of combustion gases Expired - Lifetime EP0271111B1 (en)

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AT87118357T ATE63996T1 (en) 1986-12-11 1987-12-11 BOILER SYSTEM WITH EXTERNAL EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3642357 1986-12-11
DE3642357 1986-12-11

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EP0271111A3 EP0271111A3 (en) 1988-11-30
EP0271111B1 EP0271111B1 (en) 1991-05-29

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EP (1) EP0271111B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE63996T1 (en)
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EP0271111A3 (en) 1988-11-30
EP0271111B1 (en) 1991-05-29
ATE63996T1 (en) 1991-06-15
US4926765A (en) 1990-05-22
DE3770425D1 (en) 1991-07-04

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