EP0246427B1 - Waveguide mode converter - Google Patents
Waveguide mode converter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0246427B1 EP0246427B1 EP19870104804 EP87104804A EP0246427B1 EP 0246427 B1 EP0246427 B1 EP 0246427B1 EP 19870104804 EP19870104804 EP 19870104804 EP 87104804 A EP87104804 A EP 87104804A EP 0246427 B1 EP0246427 B1 EP 0246427B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wave
- groove
- mode
- coupling
- decoupling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006101 laboratory sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wave type switch, suitable for decoupling a higher wave type TM01 ° or TM11 ⁇ section from a waveguide with low coupling of the basic wave type TE11 °, with known coupling elements, such as coaxial probes or slots, which are radially symmetrical in at least one in the circumferential direction in the groove in the waveguide wall, which runs transversely to the radiation direction, are arranged,
- Such wave type switches are known in principle from horn radiators with integrated mode couplers for at least one higher wave type for the purpose of automatically tracking the antenna to a moving radiation source that emits electromagnetic waves.
- DE-AS 24 60 552 describes a horn with an arrangement for removing wave types used for deposit measurement, which has coaxial coupling probes located in the horn wall, coupling loops of the coupling slots, which are arranged radially symmetrically in a groove running around the horn wall.
- the groove depth here is a quarter of a wavelength and it is assumed that a hybrid basic wave type preferably propagates in the horn.
- the coupling elements are carried out into the interior of the horn.
- the invention has for its object to provide an arrangement for decoupling the TM01 ° - or TM11 ⁇ - wave type from a smooth-walled waveguide section with a circular or square cross section for a circularly polarized wave, which has a very low coupling of the basic wave type and the use high transmission power allowed.
- the decoupling point of the higher wave type TM01 ° or TM11 ⁇ at a distance of about a quarter of the waveguide wavelength ⁇ of the relevant higher wave type TM01 ° or TM11 ⁇ from the first stage of a known stepped ⁇ TE11 / 4-transformer, which reduces the cross section of the waveguide section containing the wave-type switch, is arranged and that the coupling takes place via a radially circumferential groove with a groove depth T in the range of 0.4 ⁇ T / ⁇ ⁇ 0.7 and a groove width B in the range of 0.01 ⁇ B / ⁇ ⁇ 0.05, wherein the coupling elements are arranged in pairs opposite one another on the circumference of the outer wall of the groove.
- the ⁇ TE11 / 4 transformer can also have one or more grooves in the wall of the waveguide section to improve the standing wave ratio of the basic wave type TE11 °.
- the waveguide wall can run in the area of the coupling point with a tapering cross section.
- FIGURE shows a schematically simplified section through an exemplary embodiment of a wave type switch according to the invention.
- the exemplary embodiment is designed as a waveguide component HL with a round cross section, which can be integrated into a cable run by means of the flanges F1, F2.
- the waveguide section reduces the cross section from a diameter D2 at the flange F2, in which, in addition to the fundamental shaft TE11 °, the first higher shaft type TM01 ° is also capable of spreading, to a diameter D1 at the flange F1, in which only the basic shaft type can still exist.
- the transition stage in the area of the coupling point K with the circumferential groove N is designed so that the basic wave type TE11 ° is transmitted as reflection-free as possible and at the same time the TM01 - ° wave type to be decoupled is reflected in phase and forms a standing wave. Therefore, a ⁇ TE11 / 4- transformer TR with a step S at a distance ⁇ / 4 from the coupling point K was provided for reflection of the higher wave type TM01.
- the coupling out of the higher shaft type TM01 ° takes place via a radially circumferential groove N, which is very small in relation to its depth T.
- Width B In contrast to the usual dimensioning, the depth T was chosen in the range of 0.4 ⁇ T / ⁇ ⁇ 0.7, where ⁇ is the waveguide wavelength of the higher wave type TM01 to be coupled out.
- the width B of the groove N is set in the range 0.01 ⁇ B / ⁇ ⁇ 0.05.
- the type of decoupling of a higher shaft type according to the invention can also be applied without restriction to a waveguide section with a square cross section.
- the square waveguide section then again has a stepped ⁇ / 4 transformer TR at the coupling point, which forms the reflection plane for the higher wave type TM11 ⁇ to be coupled out from a radially circumferential groove N.
- the ⁇ / 4 transformer can also be designed with a linearly conical or pyramidal or continuously curved wall profile in the area of the coupling point. It is also conceivable to provide one or more grooves in the area of the coupling point to improve the adaptation of the basic wave type.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Waveguides (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wellentypweiche, geeignet zur Auskopplung eines höheren Wellentyps TM₀₁° bzw. TM₁₁□ aus einem Hohlleiter abschnitt bei geringer Kopplung des Grundwellentyps TE₁₁°, mit an sich bekannten Koppelelementen, wie beispielsweise Koaxialsonden oder Schlitzen, welche radialsymmetrisch in mindestens einer in Umfangsrichtung in der Hohlleiterwandung eingelassenen, quer zur Strahlungsrichtung verlaufenden Nut angeordnet sind,The invention relates to a wave type switch, suitable for decoupling a higher wave type TM₀₁ ° or TM₁₁ □ section from a waveguide with low coupling of the basic wave type TE₁₁ °, with known coupling elements, such as coaxial probes or slots, which are radially symmetrical in at least one in the circumferential direction in the groove in the waveguide wall, which runs transversely to the radiation direction, are arranged,
Derartige Wellentypweichen sind grundsätzlich von Hornstrahlern mit integrierten Modenkopplern für mindestens einen höheren Wellentyp zum Zweck der automatischen Nachführung der Antenne auf eine sich bewegende und elektromagnetische Wellen aussendende Strahlungsquelle bekannt.Such wave type switches are known in principle from horn radiators with integrated mode couplers for at least one higher wave type for the purpose of automatically tracking the antenna to a moving radiation source that emits electromagnetic waves.
In der DE-AS 24 60 552 ist ein Hornstrahler mit einer Anordnung zur Entnahme von der Ablagemessung dienenden Wellentypen beschrieben, der in der Hornstrahlerwand sitzende koaxiale Kopplungssonden, Kopplungsschleifen der Kopplungsschlitze aufweist, die radialsymmetrisch in einer in der Hornstrahlerwand umlaufenden Nut angeordnet sind. Die Nuttiefe beträgt hierbei eine Viertelwellenlänge und es wird vorausgesetzt, daß sich im Hornstrahler vorzugsweise ein hybrider Grundwellentyp ausbreitet. Außerdem sind die Koppelelemente bis in den Innenraum des Hornstrahlers durchgeführt.DE-AS 24 60 552 describes a horn with an arrangement for removing wave types used for deposit measurement, which has coaxial coupling probes located in the horn wall, coupling loops of the coupling slots, which are arranged radially symmetrically in a groove running around the horn wall. The groove depth here is a quarter of a wavelength and it is assumed that a hybrid basic wave type preferably propagates in the horn. In addition, the coupling elements are carried out into the interior of the horn.
Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anordnung zur Auskopplung des TM₀₁°- bzw. TM₁₁□- Wellentyps aus einem glattwandigen Hohlleiterabschnitt mit kreisförmigem oder quadratischem Querschnitt für eine zirkular polarisierte Welle anzugeben, welche eine sehr geringe Kopplung des Grundwellentyps aufweist und gleichzeitig die Verwendung hoher Sendeleistungen erlaubt.In contrast, the invention has for its object to provide an arrangement for decoupling the TM₀₁ ° - or TM₁₁ □ - wave type from a smooth-walled waveguide section with a circular or square cross section for a circularly polarized wave, which has a very low coupling of the basic wave type and the use high transmission power allowed.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Auskoppelstelle des höheren Wellentyp TM₀₁° bzw. TM₁₁□ in einer Entfernung von etwa einem Viertel der Hohlleiterwellenlänge λ des betreffenden höheren Wellentyps TM₀₁° bzw. TM₁₁□ von der ersten Stufe eines an sich bekannten gestuften λTE₁₁/4-Transformators, welcher den Querschnitt des die Wellentypweiche enthaltenden Hohlleiterabschnittes verringert, angeordnet ist, und daß die Auskopplung über eine radial umlaufende Nut mit einer Nuttiefe T im Bereich von 0,4<T/λ <0,7 und einer Nutbreite B im Bereich von 0,01<B/λ <0,05 erfolgt, wobei die Koppelelemente paarweise gegenüberliegend am Umfang der Außenwand der Nut angeordnet sind.This object is achieved in that the decoupling point of the higher wave type TM₀₁ ° or TM₁₁ □ at a distance of about a quarter of the waveguide wavelength λ of the relevant higher wave type TM₀₁ ° or TM₁₁ □ from the first stage of a known stepped λ TE₁₁ / 4-transformer, which reduces the cross section of the waveguide section containing the wave-type switch, is arranged and that the coupling takes place via a radially circumferential groove with a groove depth T in the range of 0.4 <T / λ <0.7 and a groove width B in the range of 0.01 <B / λ <0.05, wherein the coupling elements are arranged in pairs opposite one another on the circumference of the outer wall of the groove.
Vorteilhafterweise kann der λTE₁₁/4-Transformator auch eine oder mehrere Nuten in der Wandung des Hohlleiterabschnittes zur Verbesserung des Stehwellenverhältnisses des Grundwellentyps TE₁₁° aufweisen. Außerdem kann die Hohlleiterwandung im Bereich der Koppelstelle mit einem sich verjüngenden Querschnitt verlaufen.Advantageously, the λ TE₁₁ / 4 transformer can also have one or more grooves in the wall of the waveguide section to improve the standing wave ratio of the basic wave type TE₁₁ °. In addition, the waveguide wall can run in the area of the coupling point with a tapering cross section.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigt die einzige Figur einen schematisch vereinfachten Schnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Wellentypweiche nach der Erfindung.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. The sole FIGURE shows a schematically simplified section through an exemplary embodiment of a wave type switch according to the invention.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel ist als Hohlleiterbauteil HL mit rundem Querschnitt ausgeführt, welches mittels der Flansche F1, F2 in einen Leitungszug integriert werden kann. Der Hohlleiterabschnitt reduziert den Querschnitt von einem Durchmesser D2 beim Flansch F2, in dem neben der Grundwelle TE₁₁° auch der erste höhere Wellentyp TM₀₁° ausbreitungsfähig ist, auf einen Durchmesser D1 beim Flansch F1, in dem nur noch der Grundwellentyp existieren kann.The exemplary embodiment is designed as a waveguide component HL with a round cross section, which can be integrated into a cable run by means of the flanges F1, F2. The waveguide section reduces the cross section from a diameter D2 at the flange F2, in which, in addition to the fundamental shaft TE₁₁ °, the first higher shaft type TM₀₁ ° is also capable of spreading, to a diameter D1 at the flange F1, in which only the basic shaft type can still exist.
Die Übergangsstufe im Bereich der Koppelstelle K mit der umlaufenden Nut N ist so ausgebildet, daß der Grundwellentyp TE₁₁° möglichst reflexionsfrei übertragen wird und gleichzeitig der auszukoppelnde TM₀₁-° Wellentyp phasenrichtig reflektiert wird und eine stehende Welle bildet. Deshalb wurde zur Reflexion des höheren Wellentyps TM₀₁ ein λTE₁₁/4- Transformator TR mit einer Stufe S im Abstand λ /4 von der Koppelstelle K vorgesehen.The transition stage in the area of the coupling point K with the circumferential groove N is designed so that the basic wave type TE₁₁ ° is transmitted as reflection-free as possible and at the same time the TM₀₁ - ° wave type to be decoupled is reflected in phase and forms a standing wave. Therefore, a λ TE₁₁ / 4- transformer TR with a step S at a distance λ / 4 from the coupling point K was provided for reflection of the higher wave type TM₀₁.
Die Auskopplung des höheren Wellentyps TM₀₁° erfolgt über eine radial umlaufende Nut N, die im Verhältnis zu ihrer Tiefe T eine sehr geringe Breite B aufweist. Die Tiefe T ist im Gegensatz zur üblichen Dimensionierung Im Bereich von 0,4<T/λ<0,7 gewählt worden, wobei λ die Hohlleiterwellenlänge des auszukoppelnden höheren Wellentyps TM01 ist. Die Breite B der Nut N wird im Bereich 0,01<B/λ<0,05 festgelegt. Durch Variation des Tiefen/Breiten-Verhältnisses kann im jeweiligen Anwendungsfall die Entkopplung des Grundwellentyps im Hinblick auf die Kopplung des höheren Wellentyps optimiert werden.The coupling out of the higher shaft type TM₀₁ ° takes place via a radially circumferential groove N, which is very small in relation to its depth T. Width B. In contrast to the usual dimensioning, the depth T was chosen in the range of 0.4 <T / λ <0.7, where λ is the waveguide wavelength of the higher wave type TM01 to be coupled out. The width B of the groove N is set in the range 0.01 <B / λ <0.05. By varying the depth / width ratio, the decoupling of the basic shaft type can be optimized with regard to the coupling of the higher shaft type in the respective application.
Die Entnahme des höheren Wellentyps aus der Nut N erfolgt im Bereich der außenliegenden Schmalseite A der Nut mit Hilfe von paarweise gegenüberliegenden Koppelelementen E bekannter Bauart. Die Koppelelemente werden dann in bekannter Art mittels eines geeigneten Netzwerkes NW, das in der Figur nicht dargestellt ist, zusammengefaßt.The removal of the higher shaft type from the groove N takes place in the region of the outer narrow side A of the groove with the aid of coupling elements E of a known type which are located opposite one another. The coupling elements are then combined in a known manner by means of a suitable network NW, which is not shown in the figure.
Die erfindungsgemäße Art der Auskopplung eines höheren Wellentyps kann ohne eine Einschränkung auch bei einem Hohlleiterabschnitt mit quadratischem Querschnitt angewendet werden. Der Quadratische Hohlleiterabschnitt weist dann an der Koppelstelle wiederum einen gestuften λ /4-Transformator TR auf, der die Reflexionsebene für den aus einer radial umlaufenden Nut N auszukoppelnden höheren Wellentyp TM₁₁□ bildet.The type of decoupling of a higher shaft type according to the invention can also be applied without restriction to a waveguide section with a square cross section. The square waveguide section then again has a stepped λ / 4 transformer TR at the coupling point, which forms the reflection plane for the higher wave type TM₁₁ □ to be coupled out from a radially circumferential groove N.
Je nach Anwendungsfall kann der λ/4-Transformator auch mit einem linear konisch bzw. pyramisch oder kontinuierlich gekrümmten Wandverlauf im Bereich der Koppelstelle ausgeführt sein. Es ist auch denkbar, im Bereich der Koppelstelle noch eine oder mehrere Nuten zur Verbesserung der Anpassung des Grundwellentyps vorzusehen.Depending on the application, the λ / 4 transformer can also be designed with a linearly conical or pyramidal or continuously curved wall profile in the area of the coupling point. It is also conceivable to provide one or more grooves in the area of the coupling point to improve the adaptation of the basic wave type.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile sind besonders darin zu sehen, daß hiermit eine Wellentypweiche geschaffen wurde, die sich durch erheblich verbesserte elektrische Eigenschaften sowohl hinsichtlich der Auskopplung als auch bezüglich der Verwendbarkeit bei der Übertragung hoher Leistungen auszeichnet. Durch die Ausbildung der Wellentypweiche als Hohlleiterabschnitt können alle Vorteile der Austauschbarkeit modulartiger Baugruppen in einem System genutzt werden.The advantages according to the invention can be seen particularly in the fact that a wave type switch was hereby created which is distinguished by considerably improved electrical properties both with regard to the coupling out and with regard to the usability in the transmission of high powers. By designing the shaft type switch as a waveguide section, all advantages of the interchangeability of modular assemblies can be used in one system.
Bei einem Labormuster konnten folgende Meßwerte bei zirkularer Polarisation erzielt werden: Bandbeite: 12 %; Entkopplung vom Grundwellentyp: -27 dB; Rückflußdämpfung: -30 dB; Kopplung des höheren Wellentyps: -6 dB.In a laboratory sample, the following measured values could be achieved with circular polarization: tape work: 12%; Decoupling from the basic wave type: -27 dB; Return loss: -30 dB; Coupling of the higher wave type: -6 dB.
Claims (3)
- A mode converter suitable for the decoupling of a higher mode TM₀₁° or respectively TM₁₁□ from a wave-guide portion (HL) with slight coupling of the fundamental mode (TE₁₁° ), with known 'per se' coupling elements (E), such as for example coaxial probes or slots, which are arranged in a radially symmetrical manner in at least one groove (N) inset in the peripheral direction of wall of the wave- guide and extending transversely to the transmission direction, characterised in that the decoupling point (K) for the higher mode (TM₀₁° or respectively TM₁₁□) is located at a distance of about one-quarter of the wave-guide wave length λ of the relevant higher mode (TM₀₁° or respectively TM₁₁□) from the first stage (S) of a known 'per se' stepped λ TE₁₁/4-transformer (TR), which reduces the cross-section of the wave-guide portion (HL) having the mode converter, and in that the decoupling is effected by way of a radially encircling groove (N) having a groove depth T in the range 0.4<T/λ <0.7 and a groove width B in the range 0.01<B/λ <0.05, in which respect the coupling elements (E) are arranged in opposite pairs on the periphery of the outer wall (A) of the groove (N).
- A mode converter according to claim 1, characterised in that the λ TE₁₁/4-transformer (TR) has one or more grooves in the wall of the wave-guide portion (HL) for the purpose of improving the tuning of the fundamental mode TE₁₁°.
- A mode converter according to claim 1, characterised in that the cross-section of the wave-guide portion (HL) narrows in the region of the coupling point (K).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3617438 | 1986-05-23 | ||
| DE19863617438 DE3617438C1 (en) | 1986-05-23 | 1986-05-23 | Wave type switch |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0246427A1 EP0246427A1 (en) | 1987-11-25 |
| EP0246427B1 true EP0246427B1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
Family
ID=6301515
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19870104804 Expired - Lifetime EP0246427B1 (en) | 1986-05-23 | 1987-04-01 | Waveguide mode converter |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0246427B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3617438C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3725268A1 (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1989-02-09 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Wave-type filter |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3388399A (en) * | 1965-03-25 | 1968-06-11 | Navy Usa | Antenna feed for two coordinate tracking radars |
| IT946090B (en) * | 1971-11-24 | 1973-05-21 | Siemens Spa Italiana | SIGNAL EXTRACTION CIRCUIT ERROR POINTING A MICROWAVE ANTENNA TOWARDS A MOBILE TARGET |
| FR2255716B1 (en) * | 1973-12-20 | 1978-03-24 | Thomson Csf | |
| US4148035A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1979-04-03 | Rca Corp. | Subwavelength monopulse antenna |
-
1986
- 1986-05-23 DE DE19863617438 patent/DE3617438C1/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-04-01 EP EP19870104804 patent/EP0246427B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0246427A1 (en) | 1987-11-25 |
| DE3617438C1 (en) | 1987-10-15 |
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