EP0245390A1

EP0245390A1 - Spinning system.

Info

Publication number: EP0245390A1
Application number: EP86906770A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Heinz Reinbold
Original assignee: REINBOLD KUNSTSTOFF-MASCHINENTECHNIK GmbH; REINBOLD KUNSTSTOFF MASCHINENT
Current assignee: Reinbold Heinz
Priority date: 1985-11-16
Filing date: 1986-11-14
Publication date: 1987-11-19
Anticipated expiration: 2006-11-14
Also published as: DE3669330D1; US4875846A; DE3540757A1; DE3540757C2; EP0245390B1; WO1987003017A1

Abstract

Un système de filage utilisé pour produire des fils à monofilament comprend un outil à filer (40) et une section de canal (4') pour un polymère fondu (2). La section de canal (4') s'élargit dans une partie de canal (41, 42) de l'outil à filer (40) et débouche dans un canal d'écoulement (43) ayant la forme d'un étrier aplati raccordé à un bloc d'ajutages (59). L'aire (44; 44'; 44'') du canal d'écoulement (43) augmente ainsi perpendiculairement à sa largeur au moins dans la zone supérieure de la section de canal (4') du polymère et le canal d'écoulement (43) reste libre d'incrustations.A spinning system used to produce monofilament yarns includes a spinning tool (40) and a channel section (4 ') for a molten polymer (2). The channel section (4 ') widens into a channel portion (41, 42) of the spinning tool (40) and opens into a flow channel (43) in the form of a flattened yoke connected to a nozzle block (59). The area (44; 44 '; 44' ') of the flow channel (43) thus increases perpendicular to its width at least in the upper region of the channel section (4') of the polymer and the flow channel (43) remains free from encrustation.

Description

-. -

Spinning system

The invention is based on a spinning system for the production of onofil threads, in which a spinning tool has a polymer channel section for a polymer melt, the width of which widens in a channel part of the spinning tool into a flow channel designed as a flat bracket channel, which is followed by a nozzle block . Such a spinning tool is known from DΞ-PS 33 34 870.

Such spinning systems are used to spin high-quality threads from polymer melts, which, due to their use, e.g. for filter cloth, tension belts, fishing lines and Like., Must have constant material properties in a narrow tolerance range. The production of a high-pressure suitable, close-meshed filter fabric requires threads with a constant diameter on the one hand and on the other hand with a high tear resistance.

In the known spinning system, as described in the patent mentioned at the outset, a dust bar is provided for the uniform exit quantity of a polymer melt along a flat channel, the different distance of which from a wall of the flat channel regulates the amount of passage of the polymer melt . The dust bar must therefore be flexible in itself or consist of several individual elements so that its length can form a different distance from the wall. The polymer melt is accumulated in the flat channel through the dust bar, and according to its set distance, a certain amount of polymer melt per unit of time can pass through a set gap.

Due to the high product and housing temperatures that occur during the production of monofilament threads, the dust bar must be sealed particularly carefully. This is by Tempe¬ temperatures to about 300 ^* C particularly complex. In addition, sealing elements of moving machine parts are known to be more susceptible to faults at elevated temperatures are. If different material expansions occur, the distance of the dust bar / wall must be readjusted during operation. This requires an elaborate monitoring unit for the gap between the wall and the dust bar.

The invention is therefore based on the object of further developing the spinning system of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the polymer melt, in the case of laminar flow and without stall, is distributed continuously and uniformly throughout the free space of the flat bar channel, so that the nozzle block over a constant polymer mass flow is supplied over its entire width with maximum production reliability.

This object is achieved in that a cross-sectional area of the flow channel perpendicular to its width increases at least in the upper region from the polymer channel section and that the flow channel is free of internals.

The spinning system according to the invention thus has the essential advantage that, by shaping the flow channel, the polymer mass flow is distributed uniformly over the entire flow channel. The three-dimensional spatial contour of the flow channel is designed in dependence on the viscosity and the flow curve of a raw material to be processed so that the polymer melt has a constant flow rate over the entire outlet cross section of the flow channel. The flow channel also has the advantage that it is free of internals and thus has no leading edges which could disrupt or change the flow profile of the polymer melt in the flow channel. This constructive solution ensures maximum operational reliability and ease of maintenance, since the flow channel does not contain any adjustable sin components and the resulting sealing problems can be excluded.

It is also possible to develop the three-dimensional spatial contour of the flow channel for different materials with different viscosities and flow curves. However, if polymer melts with very different product properties are processed in the spinning tool, the flow channel must be exchanged in accordance with the product properties of the raw material.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the cross-sectional area tapers in the direction of the nozzle block and opens into an opening which has a constant width over the entire width.

This embodiment of the flow channel ensures that rectangular plates with linearly arranged bores or nozzle openings can be easily coupled to the outlet cross section of the flow channel. The width of the tapered opening results from the performance of the spinning tool.

Furthermore, the river channel is preferably formed by joining a first and a second channel part, with at least one of the inner sides of the channel parts a three-dimensional spatial contour of the river channel is formed.

The fact that the river channel consists of a two-shell construction enables a very simple and exact production of the three-dimensional spatial contour of the river channel. For example, the spatial contour for certain product properties can be calculated numerically, and a numerically controlled machine tool then mills the calculated spatial contour into at least one of the duct parts designed as metal blocks. In addition, with a double-shell construction, it is possible to further process or chrome-plate the surfaces of the river channel, so that particularly smooth surfaces are created. If the polymer melt is allowed to solidify in the spinning tool, then when the channel parts are dismantled, a solidified polymer body can be removed which reflects the perfect shape of the channel through which the flow passes. This enables the distribution of the polymer melt to be checked particularly simply when a plurality of melts are processed with a single flow channel space.

In a development of the invention, the nozzle block is part of a nozzle package which has a lower nozzle insert part which receives the nozzle block, a perforated plate, a sieve and an upper nozzle insert part.

The element-like structure of the nozzle package enables individual replacement of the individual components. Nozzle blocks with different nozzle shapes can be used. Depending on the arrangement of the nozzles, a perforated plate matched to the nozzle block distributes the polymer melt and guides it individual nozzles. Depending on the polymer melt, sieves of different pore sizes based on metal fleece are arranged above the perforated plate, which filter out dirt particles from the polymer melt. The holes in the upper part of the nozzle insert pre-distribute the polymer melt in the nozzle package. The interaction of the individual components in the nozzle package results in a further equalization of the polymer flow with a simultaneous increase in the nozzle service life and spinning reliability during production.

In one embodiment of the invention, the spinning tool is enclosed in width on two sides by clamping plates which enclose the nozzle block on a third side perpendicular to the two sides and press against the channel part.

This enables the duct part to be connected to the nozzle block in a simple manner. The clamping plates and the lower part of the nozzle insert ensure on the broad side of the nozzle block that the losses of heat radiation in the region of the nozzle block are as small as possible. Temperature gradients are therefore negligibly small over the entire width of the nozzle block.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the clamping plates for guiding the nozzle package have jaws perpendicular to the plane of the screen at their ends comprising the nozzle package. In a special embodiment, the jaws are designed as dovetail connections that interact with the lower part of the nozzle insert. The duct parts which can be heated and regulated by known devices are protected by the clamping plates covering them and their heat radiation is inhibited. The connection type of the lower part of the nozzle insert with the jaws of the clamping plates creates a line pressure between the nozzle block and the adjacent parts, which, in contrast to the punctual pressing with through screws, presses the nozzle block evenly against the duct parts. The heat transfer from the heated duct parts to the nozzle block and to the parts surrounding them is therefore particularly good. Furthermore, the type of connection ensures that the nozzle block is guided particularly securely and evenly.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the clamping plates for releasing the nozzle block can be displaced vertically from the channel parts to the channel parts, and the jaws open laterally beyond the clamping plates into guide rails in which the nozzle block can be guided to outside the spinning tool.

This has the advantage that the nozzle block can be replaced quickly. This avoids longer downtimes of a spinning system and increases the efficiency of a production system.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the channel part is detachably connected to a carrier which is fastened to a vertically displaceable holder which runs in a fixed and horizontal rail. The spinning tool is thus vertically adjustable in the vertical direction and horizontally displaceable relative to a fixed point in space via a rail. This opens up the possibility of easily adjusting the heavy spinning tool in relation to systems that can be coupled.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the end faces of the carrier have clamping devices which engage in the clamping plates.

An eccentric clamp connection, via which the clamping plates can be displaced in the vertical direction, has proven to be particularly expedient.

The use of eccentrics has the advantage that when the new nozzle package is re-clamped, its connection is self-locking, so that the nozzle block does not become detached from the channel parts even if the switching elements actuating the eccentric fail.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the spinning tool is constructed such that two or more nozzle blocks, flow channels and polymer channel sections are contained in the spinning tool.

The use of a second nozzle package enables different nozzle shapes to be used in one spinning tool. In this way, monofilament threads of different quality requirements can be produced simultaneously with a single spinning tool. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a dosing unit with its output can be coupled to the spinning tool on the input side and conveys the polymer melt into the spinning tool.

The spinning tool is adjusted to the position of the dosing unit. This enables a quick and exact connection of the two systems. The spinning tool or the dosing unit can be exchanged as a complete unit. The ._ distribution or delivery characteristics of a polymer melt can be changed easily.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the metering unit consists of a divisible housing block which receives a spinning pump through which the polymer melt flows, a static mixer being integrable into the outlet of the spinning pump.

The spinning pump with the static mixer is inserted into the recesses of the housing block in the polymer flow direction in such a way that the separable housing parts ensure the exact positioning of the spinning pump. A quick, simple replacement of the spinning pump with the static mixer is also possible when the spinning system is hot, since the polymer melt is conveyed in the spinning pump in the direction of the mass flow and no additional fastening screws between the housing block and the spinning pump are necessary.

The spinning pump picks up the polymer melt without deflection within the pump and delivers it in precisely metered quantities through the static mixer integrated in it to the flow channel of the spinning tool. The static mixer compensates for even the smallest temperature fluctuations in the polymer melt due to its high mixing capacity and ensures that the polymer melt flows into the flow channel of the spinning tool at a uniform temperature.

The divisible housing block can be heated and regulated by known means, e.g. via a controlled resistance heater. This has the advantage that the spinning pump with the integrated static mixer has a uniform temperature.

In one embodiment of the invention, the spinning pump can be used with the static mixer as a self-contained unit in the housing block.

This has the advantage that the two functional parts do not have to be matched to one another in the spinning system. This particularly facilitates the installation of this spinning pump under difficult conditions, i.e. e.g. in the hot state of the spinning system or in confined spaces.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a spinning pump with a continuously adjustable spinning pump drive supplies the respective polymer channel sections of the spinning tool with the polymer melt. With this measure, a fluctuation range in the delivery accuracy of individual spinning pumps can be compensated, and a uniform, constant mass flow of the polymer melt is guaranteed in all polymer channel sections. If, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dosing unit is arranged fixed in space, this has the advantage that when the spinning system is at a standstill, the spinning tool can be quickly and easily separated from the dosing unit via its horizontal displacement options. This ensures short inspection and changeover times on the spinning system.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the metering unit forms the connection of the polymer channel section between the inlet of the spinning tool and an outlet of a polymer distributor.

The polymer distributor consists of a first distributor piece and a second distributor piece, which can be exchanged, by means of which the polymer stream can be split into several side channels.

This has the advantage that the polymer melt is precisely metered and intensively mixed again before it enters the spinning tool.

By splitting the polymer channel into several side channels, the polymer melt can flow into several separate metering units, which in turn convey the polymer melt in metered quantities into different flow channels of a spinning tool or into different spinning tools with different flow channels. The throughput of a spinning system can be reduced or increased simply by changing the distributor pieces and the nozzle packages or their individual components. With a power increase in the production of monofilaments in addition to two existing systems spinning ^¬ more spin systems can be connected. In a further embodiment of the invention, the inlet of the polymer distributor is connected to an outlet of a central melt filter, and the melt filter is provided with sieve packs which can be replaced during operation, as is known per se.

The use of a melt filter in front of the polymer distributor, the dosing unit and the spinning tool significantly increases the production reliability of a spinning system. Contamination of the polymer melt is already largely retained in the melt filter, and the strainer in the nozzle package is largely relieved, so that the service life of a nozzle package is significantly increased. The screen on the basis of metal fleece in the nozzle package can be selected to have more fine pores when pre-filtering the polymer melt and thereby improves the quality of the polymer melt which is spun into monofilament threads. By replacing dirty sieve packs during operation, the utilization of such a spinning system is significantly increased.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the melt filter in a sieve housing has a piston which can be displaced at an angle to the polymer channel and which is provided with a first sieve recess and a second sieve recess which are equipped with the sieve packets.

This embodiment enables the piston to be displaced without disturbing the mass flow of the polymer melt in the spinning system.

Furthermore, the melt filter preferably has flow channels in the sieve housing, which are closed in a first and third position of the piston and in a second position of the piston connect the polymer channel continuously with the sieve spurs on the inlet side. In the first and third positions of the piston, one of the two sieve recesses is always completely in the mass flow of the polymer melt, while the other sieve recess is outside the melt flow. As a result, a sieve saving can always be cleaned and a sieve packet can be exchanged without the mass flow in the spinning system being interrupted.

In a further embodiment of the invention, in the second position of the piston, one of the two sieve recesses is continuously connected to the polymer channel on the inlet and outlet sides, the other sieve recess has a continuous connection to the polymer channel only on the inlet side, this sieve recess additionally is continuously connected to the inlet and outlet-side ventilation channels in the housing.

This has the advantage that every screen cutout is completely filled with polymer melt even before it is led into the polymer stream by a piston displacement. A flooding of the sieve saving located outside the melt flow ensures that a sieve packet change made during operation does not reduce the quality of the production of the monofilament threads.

In a further development of the invention, the piston can be moved into a position which connects one of the two sieve recesses on the inlet and outlet side to the polymer channel, the other of the two sieve recesses has only one inlet-side passage to the polymer channel and only with the outlet side Vent channel is connected. H

This has the advantage that the respective screen cutout and its screen pack can be vented step by step during the flooding. While in the second position of the piston the part of the sieve recess on the inlet side is preferably vented and through which polymer melt flows, in the position of the piston described the polymer melt flows through the entire sieve recess. The relevant sieve cutout and the polymer melt are completely deaerated and are free of gas inclusions.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the spinning tool, the metering unit, the polymer distributor and the melt filter are designed as individual components and can be detached from one another.

This enables existing systems to be modernized easily, since individual modules can be integrated into them independently of one another.

Further advantages result from the description and the attached drawing.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing and is explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view, partially broken away, of an embodiment of a spinning system according to the invention; 2a to 2c show different working positions of a melt filter of the spinning system according to FIG. 1;

3a, 3b

Exemplary embodiments of a polymer distributor in a plan view in section III-III according to FIG. 1;

4 shows a spinning tool in a sectional view IV-IV, on an enlarged scale, according to FIG. 1;

5a to 5c a flow channel profile according to the positions Va-Va, Vb-Vb, Vc-Vc in Fig. 4;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the nozzle package, on an enlarged scale, according to FIG. 1;

7a shows a front view of a closed spinning tool with a new nozzle pack in a guide rail;

7b shows a front view of an open spinning tool with a soiled nozzle pack in a guide rail; 1 shows a spinning system 1 through which a polymer melt 2 flows. A connecting pipe 2 with a polymer channel 4 connects the spinning system 1 on the input side to a dynamic mixer (not shown) and an extruder, which feed the liquid polymer melt 2 to the spinning system 1.

A melt filter 5 is coupled to the connecting pipe 3 and consists of a housing 6 and a piston 7 which is displaceable in the housing 6. The piston 7 contains sieve cutouts 8 which are equipped with sieve packs 10.

The polymer melt 2 flows through the melt filter 5, which filters out contaminants in the polymer melt 2. By moving the piston 7, a contaminated sieve packet 10 can be replaced when the spinning system 1 is in operation. When changing the spin pack 10, the mass flow of the polymer melt 2 is not interrupted. Different operating states of the melt filter 5 will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2a to 2c.

The polymer melt 2 flows out of the melt filter 5 into a polymer distributor 20, which is detachably connected to the melt filter 5 via a first flange connection 21. The polymer distributor 20 divides the polymer channel 4 into side channels 24, only one of which is shown in FIG. 1. The polymer melt 2 can be homogeneously and evenly distributed over the 'side channels 24. 3a and 3b, two exemplary embodiments of the polymer distributor 20 are explained by way of example. The polymer melt 2 flows from the side channels 24 into metering units 30, of which FIG. 1 shows only one, each of which is connected on the output side to second flange connections 26 of the side channels 24 of the polymer distributor 20. The metering units 30 receive in their divisible housing blocks 31 a spinning pump 32 which is equipped with a continuously variable spinning pump drive 33. A static mixer 34 can be integrated into the outlet of the spinning pump 32. The metering units 30 are set up in a spatially fixed manner via fastening brackets 35. The polymer melt 2 flows in each individual metering unit 30 without deflection in precisely metered quantities into the static mixer 34. The static mixer 34 compensates for inhomogeneities and temperature gradients in the polymer melt 2.

The spinning system 1 is designed such that a temperature 36 and a pressure 37 of the polymer melt 2 are measured on the input side of the metering unit 30. This makes it possible to keep the pressure 37 of the polymer melt 2 constant directly upstream of the spinning pump 32, regardless of the degree of contamination of the sieve packs 10 in the melt filter 5 or any further pressure losses. The pressure 37 of the polymer melt 2 is checked at the input of the spinning pump and a signal feedback to upstream devices, such as to the extruder, is processed as a control variable so that the pressure 37 of the polymer melt 2 at the input of the spinning pump is constant. A comparable control device is provided for the temperature 36 of the polymer melt 2 at this point in the spinning system 1. The spinning pump 32 with the integrated mixer 34 is inserted into the divisible housing block 31 of the metering unit 30 in the preheated state. No additional fixation or adjustment is necessary for the operation of the spinning pump 32. The spinning pump 32 can thus be replaced quickly and easily, for example for maintenance purposes.

The polymer melt 2 flows from the metering unit 30 into a polymer channel section 4 'of a spinning tool 40 connected to the metering unit 30. The spinning tool 40 contains a first channel part 41 with one or more polymer channel sections 4'. The polymer channel section 4 ′ widens in the first channel part 41 and / or in a second channel part 42 into a flow channel 43. The second channel part 42 can be separated from the first channel part 41. In its mutual contact surfaces, the flow channel 43 is shaped as a flat bracket channel. The flow channel 43 distributes the polymer melt 2 evenly over its width. The flow channel 43 is formed along its width with a changing spatial contour. This is explained further below in relation to FIG. 4 by way of example for the first channel part 41 according to section IV-IV of FIG. 1, just as FIGS. 5a to 5c still show exemplary embodiments of how cross-sectional areas 44, 44 ', 44' ' can be formed, which result from the joining of the two channel parts 41, 42.

The polymer melt 2 in FIG. 1 flows homogeneously and uniformly over the entire width of the flow channel 43 to an opening 45 at the lower end of the flow channel 43 which has a constant width over its entire width. A nozzle packet 50 is pressed onto the opening 45 via a first and a second clamping plate 52, 53. The clamping plates 52, 53 enclose the channel parts 41, 42 on their broad side and are slidably in contact on these sides. The clamping plates 52, 53 are formed at the ends comprising the nozzle packet 50 as jaws 54, 55 which surround the nozzle packet 50 perpendicularly to the sides of the clamping plates 52, 53 and press it against the channel parts 41, 42.

In the nozzle package 50, the polymer melt 2 is evenly divided into threads, which then leave the spinning tool 40 and are fed to downstream devices. 6, the distribution of the polymer melt 2 is explained in more detail with reference to a sectional illustration of the nozzle package 50.

The spinning tool 40 in FIG. 1 is detachably connected via a carrier 65 to a vertically adjustable holder 75 which is horizontally displaceable in a rail 76 held in a fixed position.

2a to 2c, the melt filter 5 is shown in various operating positions. The melt filter 5 consists of the sieve housing 6, the piston 7, 7 ', 7' ', the first sieve recess 8, a second sieve recess 9, the sieve packs 10, 11, receiving channels 12, 12' and from the inlet and outlet side ventilation channels 13, 13 ', 14, 14'.

The polymer melt 2 flows according to an operating position of the melt filter 5 in Fig. 2a through an opening of the Sieve housing 6. The sieve housing 6 is controllably heated so that the piston 1, the sieve cutouts 8, 9 and the sieve packages 10, 11 have the same temperature as the polymer melt 2. A temperature 15, 16, 17 of the polymer melt 2 is measured in the mass flow, when it enters the melt filter 5, in the melt filter 5 and when it exits the melt filter 5. These temperature measuring points serve to heat the screen housing 6 as a controlled variable. The opening of the filter housing 6 on the inlet side of the polymer melt 2 widens on the inside towards the piston 7 and merges into the receiving channels 12, 12 '. The receiving channels 12, 12 'are closed in the operating position of the piston 7 by its surface, and the polymer melt 2 can only flow through a breakthrough in the piston 7 into the screen recess 8 with the exchangeable screen pack 10. The polymer melt 2 is cleaned of dirt particles as it flows through the sieve packet 10.

If a critical degree of contamination of the sieve packet 10 is indicated on the melt filter 5 via a pressure indicator 18 with limit contact, the piston 7 is moved into the operating position ^' piston 7' according to FIG. 5b, and the polymer melt 2 only flows partially due to the savings in sieve 8 with the sieve packet 10. The mass flow of the polymer melt 2 is not interrupted. In the operating position of the piston 7 ', the receiving channel 12 and a segment of the screen recess 9 overlap. The polymer melt 2 thus flows simultaneously into the first and second screen recesses 8, 9' via the inlet-side ventilation channel 13 in the screen housing 6, the sieve recess 9 in the position of the piston 7 'with the outside of the Connects melt filter 5, the polymer melt 2 can emerge from the melt filter 5, the sieve recess 9 is partially vented. The piston 7 'then moves into a position in which the piston surface closes the ventilation duct 13 on the inlet side, but still connects the ventilation duct 14 on the outlet side to the screen recess 9. The polymer melt 2 flows with an uninterrupted mass flow in the sieve recess 8 now also through the entire sieve packet 11 of the sieve recess 9 and completely vented the sieve recess 9. Is. the sieve recess 9 filled with the polymer melt 2, this flows through the outlet-side ventilation channel 14 out of the melt filter 5-

The piston 7 'then moves into the operating position of the piston 7' ¹ according to FIG. 2c, and the ^• switching process from the soiled sieve packet 10 to a new, uncontaminated sieve packet 11 is completed. The dirty sieve package 10 can be pressed out of the sieve recess 8 for cleaning. Once the sieve packet 10 has been cleaned and preheated, it can be reinserted into the sieve recess 8.

If necessary, a new screen pack change can now be carried out in the opposite direction. The sieve saving 8 is filled via the inlet channel 12 ', via the inlet-side ventilation channel 13' and then via the outlet-side ventilation channel 14 ', before the melt filter 5 returns to the operating position of piston 7 according to FIG. 2a. 3a and 3b show two exemplary embodiments of the polymer distributor 20 in section III-III according to FIG. 1.

In FIG. 3a, the polymer distributor 20 is composed of a first distributor piece 22 with the polymer channel 4 and a second distributor piece 23 with the side channels 24, 25. The polymer melt 2 is divided into two partial flows, which flow in the side channels 24, 25. The partial flows are fed to one or two separate spinning tools 40 via two metering units 30. If the partial streams of the side channels 24, 25 are fed to a spinning tool 40, this spinning tool 40 is equipped with two polymer channel sections 4 'and two separate flow channels 43 which supply two separate nozzle packs 50, 50'.

3b shows a polymer distributor 20 which is equipped with the first distributor piece 22 and a second distributor piece 23 '. In the distributor piece 23 ', the polymer melt 2 from the polymer channel 4 of the distributor piece 22 is split into four partial streams which flow in the side channels 24', 24 '', 25 ', 25' '. These partial flows are fed to the spinning tools 40 via four metering units 30. The partial streams can be processed in two so-called "double spinning tools" or in four spinning tools 40.

The polymer distributor 20 consists of a divisible housing which can be heated in a controllable manner. The distributor pieces 22, 23, 23 'which can be inserted into the polymer distributor 20 can consist of polymer channels 4 and side channels 24, 24 ', 24'', 25, 25', 25 '' of different diameters. This may be necessary if the spinning system 1 is to be operated with different powers.

4 shows the section IV-IV according to FIG. 1 of the spinning tool 40. The polymer channel section 4 'in the channel part 41 opens at 90 ^* into the flow channel 43, which has the shape of a flat bracket channel. The closed three-dimensional spatial contour of the flow channel 43 is created by joining the channel parts 41, 42 together. The shape of the flow channel 43 is calculated from the flow curve of the polymer melt 2 to be processed and from its product properties. The three-dimensional spatial contour is determined numerically with the objective that in the flow channel 43 the polymer melt 2 is distributed uniformly over the width of the flow channel 43 at a constant flow rate and flows into the opening 45 of the flow channel 43 at a constant flow rate . For polymer melts 2 with different flow and product properties, different spatial geometries of the flow channels 43 result if the distribution of the different polymer melts 2 is uniform in the flow channels 43 and the polymer melts 2 are to flow out of the flow channels 43 at a constant flow rate. The spatial geometry of a flow channel 43 can be matched to melt 2, so that several polymer melts 2 with similar flow and product properties can be evenly distributed in a single flow channel 43. However, if the processing of very different polymer melts 2 is concerned, the channel parts 41, 42 must be replaced with the flow channel 43. 5a to 5c, the different spatial geometry of the flow channel 43 in the section of the channel parts 41, 42 as a function of its width is shown as an example in accordance with the indicated positions 5a to 5c in FIG. 4. The cross-sectional surfaces 44, 44 ', 44''open into an opening 45 with a constant width. It is also possible that the three-dimensional spatial contour of the flow channel 43 is formed only in one of the channel parts 41, 42 and the other half of the channel parts 41, 42 closes the spatial contour with a smooth, flat surface.

In FIG. 6 the nozzle pack 0 according to FIG. 1 is shown enlarged in section. It is delimited laterally by the clamping plates 52, 53 and the jaws 54, 55, which engage in a guide edge of the lower part 60 of the nozzle insert. The nozzle pack 50 is composed of the lower nozzle insert part 60, the nozzle block 59, the perforated plate 58, the sieve 57 and the upper nozzle insert part 5, which adjoins the undersides of the channel parts 41, 42 in the spinning tool 40. Through the jaws 54, 55, the nozzle packet 50 is guided linearly along its width on both sides. The connection between the jaws 54, 55 and the lower part 60 of the nozzle insert can be made differently, e.g. as a dovetail connection. A line pressure is created between the nozzle package 50 and the undersides of the channel parts 41, 42.

The nozzle block 59 is designed as a rectangular nozzle, in which the nozzle openings on one or more parallel lines are arranged. In the case of several lines, the nozzles are expediently at a gap. The polymer melt 2 is fed to the die block 59 via the perforated plate 58. The bores in the perforated plate 58 distribute the polymer melt 2 evenly over the rectangular nozzle. The narrow-pore sieve 57 made of, for example, metal fleece lies over the holes in the perforated plate 58. From the polymer melt 2, 57 very fine contaminations are filtered with this sieve. Together with the prefiltering of the polymer melt 2 in the melt filter 5, a high-quality product is achieved which has particularly good properties when spun into monofilament threads. The pre-filtering of the polymer melt 2 significantly increases the service life of the nozzle pack 50, since the sieve 57 only filters very fine contaminants from the polymer melt 2. The polymer melt 2 enters the nozzle packet 50 via bores in the upper part 56 of the nozzle insert.

7a and 7b show front views of the closed and open spinning tool 40.

7a shows the front view of the spinning tool 40 in the closed state of the first clamping plate 52 on the front and the second clamping plate 53, not shown, on the back of the spinning tool 40. The nozzle pack 50 is connected to the eccentric clamp connection by way of example Clamping plates 52, 53 are pressed onto the undersides of the channel parts 41, 42. As switching elements for the vertical displacement are also exemplary opposed clamping lever 70, 70 'and a pneumatic cylinder 71 shown. A nozzle packet 50 'is inserted into the guide rail 72 and, if necessary, with the clamping plates '52, 53 open, can be pushed into the spinning tool 40 via an insertion device 74 in exchange for a defective or dirty nozzle packet 50.

7b shows the open spinning tool 40. '- The clamping levers 70, 70' are moved in opposite directions via the extendable pneumatic cylinder 71. Eccentrics 66, 66 'on the front and eccentrics 67, 67', not shown, on the back of the spinning tool 40 rotate and the clamping plates 52, 53 move downward. A free space is created between the channel parts 41, 42 and the nozzle package 50, 50 '. With the insertion device 74, the nozzle pack 50 ′ provided in FIG. 7 a can be inserted into the spinning tool 40 in the guide rail 72. At the same time, the nozzle pack 50 is pressed out of the spinning tool 40 into the guide rail 73. If the pneumatic cylinder 71 is now closed again, the spinning tool 40 with the newly inserted nozzle pack 50 'is ready for operation.

Claims

1. Spinning system for the production of monofilament, in which a spinning tool (40) has a polymer channel section (4 ') for a polymer melt (2), which is in a channel part (41, 42) of the spinning tool (40) in width a flow channel (43) designed as a flat bracket channel, which is adjoined by a nozzle block (59), characterized in that a cross-sectional area (44; 44 '; 44' ') of the flow channel (43) extends perpendicular to its width at least in the upper region enlarged from the polymer channel section (4 ') and that the flow channel (43) is free of internals.

2. Spinning system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the direction of the nozzle block (59) the cross-sectional area (44; 44 '; 44' ') tapers and opens into an opening (45) which is constant over the entire width Width.

3. Spinning system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the flow channel (43) is formed by the joining together of a first and a second channel part (41, 42), with at least one of the inner sides of the channel parts (41, 42) a three-dimensional spatial contour of the flow channel (43) is formed.

4- spinning system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nozzle block (59) is part of a nozzle package (50, 50 ') which has a lower nozzle insert part (60) which comprises the nozzle block (59), a perforated plate (58), a sieve (57) and a nozzle insert upper part (56).

5. Spinning system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spinning tool (40) of the. Width on two sides of clamping plates (52, 53) is enclosed, which the nozzle block (59) on one to the two Grip sides of vertical third side and press against the channel part (41, 42).

6. Spinning system according to claim 5, characterized in that the clamping plates (52, 53) for guiding the nozzle package (50, 50 ') at their ends comprising the nozzle package (50, 50') jaws (54, 55) perpendicular to the plane of the sieve (57).

. Spinning system according to claim 6, characterized in that the jaws (54, 55) are designed as dovetail connections which cooperate with the lower part of the nozzle insert (60).

8. Spinning system according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the clamping plates (52, 53) for releasing the nozzle block (59) from the channel part (41, 42) are displaceable.

9- spinning system according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the clamping plates (52, 53) are vertically displaceable.

10. Spinning system according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the jaws (54, 55) open laterally over the clamping plates (52, 53) towards the third side in guide rails (72, 73), in which the nozzle block (59) can be guided outside the spinning tool (40).

11. Spinning system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the channel part (41, 42) is detachably connected to a carrier (65) which is fastened to a vertically displaceable holder (75) which is in a fixed and horizontal Rail (76) runs.

12. Spinning system according to claim 11, characterized in that end faces of the carrier (65) have clamping devices which engage in the clamping plates (52, 53).

13. Spinning system according to claim 12, characterized in that the clamping devices on the carrier (65) are eccentrics (66, 66 ', 67, 67') which are in bores (68, 68 ', 69, 69') of the clamping plates ( 52, 53).

14- spinning system according to claim 13, characterized in that the clamping plates (52, 53) on the eccentric (66,. 66 ', 67, 67') are displaceable in the vertical direction.

15- spinning system according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the eccentrics (66, 66 ¹ , 67, 67 ') are actuated by switching elements.

16. Spinning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching elements for the eccentric {66, 66 ', 67, 67') from a mechanical actuator, in particular pneumatic cylinder (71), hydraulic cylinder or the like and counter-moving tension levers (70 , 70 ').

17. Spinning system according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that two or more nozzle blocks (59), flow channels (43) and polymer channel sections (4 ') are contained in the spinning tool (40).

18. Spinning system according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that to the spinning tool (40) on the input side a metering unit (30) can be coupled with its output, which promotes the polymer melt (2) in the spinning tool (40).

19. Spinning system according to claim 18, characterized in that the metering unit (30) consists of a divisible housing block (31) which receives a spinning pump (32) through which the polymer melt (2) flows, with the outlet in the A static mixer (34) can be integrated into the spinning pump (32).

20. Spinning system according to claim 19, characterized in that the spinning pump (32) with the static mixer (34) can be used as a self-contained unit in the housing block (31).

21. Spinning system according to claim 17 and one of claims 19 or 20, characterized in that in each case a spinning pump (32) with a continuously adjustable spinning pump drive (33) the respective polymer channel sections (4 ') of the spinning tool (40) with the polymer melt ( 2) supplied.

22. Spinning system according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the metering unit (30) is arranged fixed in space.

23. Spinning system according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that the Dosiereinheit_ (30) forms the connection of the polymer channel section (4 ') between the entrance of the spinning tool (40) and an exit of a polymer distributor (20).

24. Spinning system according to claim 23, characterized in that the polymer distributor (20) consists of a first distributor piece (22) and a second distributor piece (23, 23 ^r ), which are interchangeable, through which a polymer channel (4) can be split into several side channels (24, 25; 24 ', 24' *, 25 ', 25'').

25. Spinning system according to claim 23 or 24, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the input of the polymer distributor (20) is connected to an output of a central melt filter (5).

26. Spinning system according to claim 25, characterized in that the melt filter (5) is provided with sieve packets (10, 11) which can be exchanged during operation.

27. Spinning system according to claim 25 or 26, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the melt filter (5) in a Siebge¬ housing (6) at an angle to the polymer channel (4) displaceable piston (7; 7 '; 7' ') which is provided with a first sieve recess (8) and a second sieve recess (9) which are equipped with sieve packs (10, 11).

28. Spinning system according to claim 27, characterized in that the melt filter (5) in the sieve housing (6) has receiving channels (12, 12 ') which are closed in a first and third position of the piston (7, 7' ') and in a second position of the piston (7 ') connects the polymer channel (4) on the input side to the screen cutouts (8, 9).

29. Spinning system according to claim 28, characterized in that in the second position of the piston (7 ') one of the two sieve recesses (8, 9) is connected on the input and output side continuously to the polymer channel (4), the other sieve recess ( 8, 9) has a continuous connection to the polymer channel (4) only on the input side, this sieve recess (8, 9) additionally having ventilation channels (13, 14; 13 ', 14') on the input and output sides Sieve housing (6) is continuously connected.

30. Spinning system according to claim 28 or 29, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the piston (7; 7 ';7'') is displaceable into a position which one of the two Siebaussparun¬ gene (8, 9) on the input and output sides continuously connects to the polymer channel (4), the other the The two screen cutouts (8, 9) have only one entrance-side passage to the polymer channel (4) and are only connected to one vent channel (14; 14 ') on the outlet side.

Spinning system according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the spinning tool (40) and / or a metering unit (30), and / or a polymer distributor (20), and / or a melt filter (5) as E ₍ individual components) executed and detachable from each other.