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EP0138980A1 - Apparatus for heating and maintaining temperature control of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) fluid - Google Patents

Apparatus for heating and maintaining temperature control of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) fluid

Info

Publication number
EP0138980A1
EP0138980A1 EP84901600A EP84901600A EP0138980A1 EP 0138980 A1 EP0138980 A1 EP 0138980A1 EP 84901600 A EP84901600 A EP 84901600A EP 84901600 A EP84901600 A EP 84901600A EP 0138980 A1 EP0138980 A1 EP 0138980A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
temperature
fluid
control means
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84901600A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lazslo Juhasz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Strathclyde
Original Assignee
University of Strathclyde
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Strathclyde filed Critical University of Strathclyde
Publication of EP0138980A1 publication Critical patent/EP0138980A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/44—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for cooling or heating the devices or media
    • A61M5/445—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for cooling or heating the devices or media the media being heated in the reservoir, e.g. warming bloodbags
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
    • A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
    • A61M1/166—Heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/36—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling
    • A61M2205/3653—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling by Joule effect, i.e. electric resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for heating and maintaining temperature control of CAPD fluid.
  • Fig. 1 There is a known, system (as shown in Fig. 1) for warming bags which comprises a box-container which is divided into an upper andalower compartment by a perspex sheet with circular holes therein. In the lower compartment are two mains-power light-bulbs. The bag ' is placed- in the upper compartment and the lid placed thereon.
  • a continuous ambulatory CAPD body fluid heating and temperature control apparatus comprising, regulated power supply means and a heating element connectable thereto, temperature sensing means located in said element and controlling the power supply to the element to maintain the temperature of the fluid at a preselected level.
  • the apparatus includes timing control means connectable to the power supply means for permitting the bag to be heated within predetermined times.
  • the temperature sensing means is a bimetallic switch.
  • the heating element is aluminium foil covered in a thermally conductive electrically insulating material.
  • the voltage applied to the heating element is 8-10 volts d.c.
  • the timing control means includes a microprocessor, the microprocessor controls the operation of the apparatus in accordance with a pre ⁇ determined program.
  • the heating element includes indicating means, said indicating means providing a signal when said heating element receives electrical power.
  • the timing control means includes a real-time clock, controlled by said microprocessor.
  • the timing control means includes audio and/or visual alarm means connected thereto.
  • the timing control means includes a rechargeable battery.
  • the heating element is connectable to a 12 v d.c. power supply.
  • the heating element is located in a plastic sheet, the said sheet being locatable on a thermally insulated portable bag container.
  • the timing control means includes a mains output whereby electrical appliances can be connected to and driven therefrom.
  • said microprocessor is programmed so as to be able to override normal temperature regulation to provide a rapid temperature rise.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a known CAPD bag heating device
  • Fig. 2 is a photograph showing the dialysis fluid bag in a portable case
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the apparatus according to the present invention.
  • a portable case 1 having insulated walls 2 contains a plastic bag 3 filled with dialysis fluid.
  • the case 1 contains a plastic sheet 4 in which a convoluted aluminium foil heating element 5 is located.
  • the aluminium foil heating element 5 is connected to power supply terminals 6.
  • a bimetallic switch 7 is connected in series with the heating element 5.
  • An indicator in the form of an LED (light emitting diode) 8 in series with a resistor 9 is connected across the heating element 5 and indicates when the bimetallic switch 7 is closed and is taking current.
  • the terminals 6 of the heating element 5 are connectable -to an output 10a of a regulator power supply 10.
  • the heating element 5 is also connectable to a 12 v d.c. supply (not shown in the interests of clarity) in the absence of the regulated power supply 10.
  • the regulated power supply 10 is connectable to mains supply and provides a first regulated output 10a between 8-10 v d.c. and a second regulated output 10b
  • the programm ⁇ able timing controller 11 contains a microprocessor (not shown) which controls the operation of the apparatus under the directions of a program stored in its memory.
  • a real-time clock 12 is connected to the controller 11. The time on the real-time clock 12 can also be preset.
  • An audio alarm 13 and/or a visual alarm 14 are connected to the controller 11 and may be actuated when the time or temperature exceed preset limits.
  • the controller 11 also has a rechargeable battery 15 connected thereto, the rechargeable battery 15 providing power to the clock 12 and alarms 13, 14 in the absence of power from the regulated power suppl 10b.
  • the controller 11 also has an output socket 16 through which mains power may be provided to electrical appliances.
  • the bag In use, the bag is inserted into the carrying case 1 as shown in Fig. 2 and power switched on.
  • the bimetallic switch 4 opens stopping current flow to the heating element 5 and the LED 8 goes out.
  • the bimetallic switch 7 constantly makes and breaks to regulate the temperature of the fluid in the bag at about 37°C - 38°C.
  • the program controller 11 has a 24 hour clock which permits the apparatus to operate over a number of time intervals (typically 4-6) in any 24 hour cycle.
  • the start and finish of each time interval can be programmed via the microprocessor by the user with the assistance of the real-time clock 12.
  • the rechargeable battery provides power when the mains supply is disconnected.
  • the heating, temperature and time control may be powered from a 12 v d.c. supply such as in a car.
  • the alarms 13, 14 may operate if the required fluid temperature is not being achieved or if a time interval occurs during which the heating element 5 is not connected to the power supply 7.
  • the apparatus includes the facility to override the above heating and temperature regulation control; a four position heat control switch is provided which allows the temperature of fluid in the bag 3 to be raised to body temperature over 30 mins, 1, 2 and 4 hours. This permits rapid warm-up which is particularly beneficial when the ambient temperature is considerably less than body temperature.
  • Advantages of the present invention include, patient safety is considerably improved over known devices and the risk of electrocution is mitigated by using a very- low d.c. voltage to supply the heating element, the fluid temperature is controlled thus increasing patient safety and comfort; insulation of the bag carrier provides efficient use of power and transfer of heat to the dialysis fluid bag, thermal conduction also gives improved efficiency, and the rapid start-up override facility provides rapid heating of the fluid in cold weather.
  • the heating and control system as hereinbefore described is designed for use with the 'Improved Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis System' which is the subject of co-pending British Patent Application No. 8133663 filed 7th November, 1981.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil de régulation de température et de chauffage d'un fluide de dialyse péritonéale ambulatoire continue (CAPD) comprenant un moyen régulé d'alimentation en courant (10) et un élément chauffant (5) pouvant lui être connecté, un organe de détection de température (4) disposé dans l'élément et régulant l'alimentation en courant de l'élément (5) pour maintenir la température du fluide à un niveau présélectionné.Apparatus for regulating the temperature and heating a fluid for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) comprising a regulated current supply means (10) and a heating element (5) which can be connected to it, a temperature detection member (4) disposed in the element and regulating the current supply of the element (5) to maintain the temperature of the fluid at a preselected level.

Description

Apparatus for heating and maintaining temperature control of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) fluid
The present invention relates to apparatus for heating and maintaining temperature control of CAPD fluid.
Patients who require CAPD have considerable problems in that the temperature of the fluid dialysate is often at a different temperature from normal body temperature (37°C - 38°C). Such temperature differences are not only uncomfortable, but in very cold or very warm weather large temperature deviations may occur which can be very dangerous upsetting the body's own thermal regulatory system and could even result in death. There is a known, system (as shown in Fig. 1) for warming bags which comprises a box-container which is divided into an upper andalower compartment by a perspex sheet with circular holes therein. In the lower compartment are two mains-power light-bulbs. The bag' is placed- in the upper compartment and the lid placed thereon. When the light-bulbs are switched on to mains supply, the bulbs illuminate and heat is radiated from the bulbs to the fluid bag in the upper compartment. With the types of fluid bag used, it happens not infrequen- tly that there is leakage of fluid from the bag. In the case of the prior art if such leakage fluid contacted the light-bulbs they would explode. Furthermore if such a mains supply is used there is a danger of patient elec¬ trocution with this type of equipment. Additional disadvantages of this known system are that there is no control of the bag fluid temperature, the box is uninsula¬ ted and so considerable energy is wasted and the radiant heating from bulbs is inefficient and requires a relatively long time to heat the bag fluid up to body temperature. An object of the present invention is to obviate or to mitigate the abovesaid disadvantages.
According to the present invention there is provided a continuous ambulatory CAPD body fluid heating and temperature control apparatus comprising, regulated power supply means and a heating element connectable thereto, temperature sensing means located in said element and controlling the power supply to the element to maintain the temperature of the fluid at a preselected level. Preferably, the apparatus includes timing control means connectable to the power supply means for permitting the bag to be heated within predetermined times.
Preferably also, the temperature sensing means is a bimetallic switch. Preferably also, the heating element is aluminium foil covered in a thermally conductive electrically insulating material.
Preferably also, the voltage applied to the heating element is 8-10 volts d.c. Preferably also, the timing control means includes a microprocessor, the microprocessor controls the operation of the apparatus in accordance with a pre¬ determined program.
Preferably also, the heating element includes indicating means, said indicating means providing a signal when said heating element receives electrical power.
Preferably also, the timing control means includes a real-time clock, controlled by said microprocessor. Preferably also, the timing control means includes audio and/or visual alarm means connected thereto.
Preferably also, the timing control means includes a rechargeable battery.
Preferably also, the heating element is connectable to a 12 v d.c. power supply.
OM? Preferably also, the heating element is located in a plastic sheet, the said sheet being locatable on a thermally insulated portable bag container.
Preferably also, the timing control means includes a mains output whereby electrical appliances can be connected to and driven therefrom.
Preferably also, said microprocessor is programmed so as to be able to override normal temperature regulation to provide a rapid temperature rise. An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a known CAPD bag heating device; Fig. 2 is a photograph showing the dialysis fluid bag in a portable case; and
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the apparatus according to the present invention.
Referring now to Fig. 1 of the drawings a portable case 1 having insulated walls 2 contains a plastic bag 3 filled with dialysis fluid. The case 1 contains a plastic sheet 4 in which a convoluted aluminium foil heating element 5 is located. The aluminium foil heating element 5 is connected to power supply terminals 6. A bimetallic switch 7 is connected in series with the heating element 5. An indicator in the form of an LED (light emitting diode) 8 in series with a resistor 9 is connected across the heating element 5 and indicates when the bimetallic switch 7 is closed and is taking current. The terminals 6 of the heating element 5 are connectable -to an output 10a of a regulator power supply 10. The heating element 5 is also connectable to a 12 v d.c. supply (not shown in the interests of clarity) in the absence of the regulated power supply 10. The regulated power supply 10 is connectable to mains supply and provides a first regulated output 10a between 8-10 v d.c. and a second regulated output 10b
c.'.?ι fa : which feeds a programmable timing controller 11. The second regulated output is typically 5 v. The programm¬ able timing controller 11 contains a microprocessor (not shown) which controls the operation of the apparatus under the directions of a program stored in its memory. A real-time clock 12 is connected to the controller 11. The time on the real-time clock 12 can also be preset. An audio alarm 13 and/or a visual alarm 14 are connected to the controller 11 and may be actuated when the time or temperature exceed preset limits. The controller
11 also has a rechargeable battery 15 connected thereto, the rechargeable battery 15 providing power to the clock 12 and alarms 13, 14 in the absence of power from the regulated power suppl 10b. The controller 11 also has an output socket 16 through which mains power may be provided to electrical appliances.
In use, the bag is inserted into the carrying case 1 as shown in Fig. 2 and power switched on. The bimetallic switch 7, which is set to open about 38 C, remains closed and current is fed through the heating element 5, and the LED is illuminated. Heat is produced in the element 5 by resistive heating and is transferred via the plastic sheet 4 and the plastic bag cover 3 to the fluid by thermal conduction. When the temperature of the bag reaches about 37-38°C the bimetallic switch 4 opens stopping current flow to the heating element 5 and the LED 8 goes out. The bimetallic switch 7 constantly makes and breaks to regulate the temperature of the fluid in the bag at about 37°C - 38°C. The program controller 11 has a 24 hour clock which permits the apparatus to operate over a number of time intervals (typically 4-6) in any 24 hour cycle. The start and finish of each time interval can be programmed via the microprocessor by the user with the assistance of the real-time clock 12. To enable the patient to have control over the time- intervals the rechargeable battery provides power when the mains supply is disconnected. The heating, temperature and time control may be powered from a 12 v d.c. supply such as in a car.
The alarms 13, 14 may operate if the required fluid temperature is not being achieved or if a time interval occurs during which the heating element 5 is not connected to the power supply 7. The apparatus includes the facility to override the above heating and temperature regulation control; a four position heat control switch is provided which allows the temperature of fluid in the bag 3 to be raised to body temperature over 30 mins, 1, 2 and 4 hours. This permits rapid warm-up which is particularly beneficial when the ambient temperature is considerably less than body temperature.
Advantages of the present invention include, patient safety is considerably improved over known devices and the risk of electrocution is mitigated by using a very- low d.c. voltage to supply the heating element, the fluid temperature is controlled thus increasing patient safety and comfort; insulation of the bag carrier provides efficient use of power and transfer of heat to the dialysis fluid bag, thermal conduction also gives improved efficiency, and the rapid start-up override facility provides rapid heating of the fluid in cold weather. The heating and control system as hereinbefore described is designed for use with the 'Improved Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis System' which is the subject of co-pending British Patent Application No. 8133663 filed 7th November, 1981.
OMPI

Claims

Claims
1. A continuous ambulatory CAPD body fluid heating and temperature control apparatus comprising, regulated power supply means and a heating element connectable thereto, temperature sensing means located in said element and controlling the power supply to the element to maintain the temperature of the fluid at a preselected level.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 which includes timing control means connectable to the power supply means for permitting the bag to be heated within predetermined times.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the timing control means includes a microprocessor, the said micro¬ processor controlling the operation of the apparatus in accordance with a predetermined program.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the timing • control means includes a real-time clock, controlled by said microprocessor.
5. Apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the timing control means includes audio and/or visual alarm means connected thereto.
6. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the timing control means includes a rechargeable battery.
7. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the timing control means includes a mains output, whereby electrical appliances can be connected to and driven therefrom.
8. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the heating element includes indicating means, said indicating means providing a signal when said heating element receives electrical power.
9. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 8 wherein the heating element is connectable to a 12v d.c. power supply.
10. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the heating element is aluminium foil covered in a thermally conductiv electrically insulating material.
11. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the heating element is a convoluted aluminium foil contained in a plastic sheet.
12. Apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the plastic sheet is locatable on a thermally insulated portable bag container.
13. Apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 12 wherein the voltage applied to the heating element is 8-10 volts d.c.
14. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the temparture sensing means is a bimetallic switch.
15. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the heating element includes indicating means providing a signal when said heating element receives electrical power.
16. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the icro- processor is programmed to provide for overriding normal temperature regulation to provide a rapid temperature rise.
OMFI
EP84901600A 1983-04-08 1984-04-09 Apparatus for heating and maintaining temperature control of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) fluid Withdrawn EP0138980A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8309649 1983-04-08
GB8309649 1983-04-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0138980A1 true EP0138980A1 (en) 1985-05-02

Family

ID=10540851

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84901600A Withdrawn EP0138980A1 (en) 1983-04-08 1984-04-09 Apparatus for heating and maintaining temperature control of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) fluid

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0138980A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1984004042A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HU196265B (en) * 1986-04-11 1988-10-28 Rolitron Mueszaki Fejlesztoe K Method and apparatus for producing flow of wanted temperature of a physiological solution, as well as temperature control method and a heating device for the previously mentioned method and apparatus
WO1988009186A1 (en) * 1987-05-27 1988-12-01 Sawatzky Wilfried E Improved dialysate bag warmer
GB8815040D0 (en) * 1988-06-24 1988-08-03 Fibre Treatments Ltd Heat treatment device
EP0950422A1 (en) * 1998-04-17 1999-10-20 Laura Matzke Dialysat exchange system for peritoneal dialysis patients
GB0600463D0 (en) 2006-01-11 2006-02-22 Mccarthy John Dialysis equipment bag
DE102008039918A1 (en) * 2008-08-27 2010-03-04 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Heating a medical device, medical device with a heater, and method of upgrading a medical device
CN103110990A (en) * 2013-02-25 2013-05-22 新北区春江福康恒热加热器加工厂 Flame-retardant constant-temperature peritoneal dialysis solution heating bag
CN105251073A (en) * 2015-11-12 2016-01-20 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一六研究所 Peritoneal dialysis solution heating device
CN105521528A (en) * 2016-02-02 2016-04-27 南京医科大学第一附属医院 Peritoneal dialysis operator and method for peritoneal dialysis by virtue of peritoneal dialysis operator
WO2024118639A1 (en) * 2022-11-29 2024-06-06 Baxter International Inc. Automated peritoneal dialysis system having machine docking station

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GB1011889A (en) * 1962-03-06 1965-12-01 Michael John Arthur Smith An improved electrical heating pad
SE331736B (en) * 1969-06-04 1971-01-11 Lkb Medical Ab
US3629552A (en) * 1969-06-25 1971-12-21 John D Edging Heating device for parenteral fluid
IL49031A (en) * 1976-02-13 1979-11-30 Ramot Plastics Peritoneal artificial kidney
JPS54138978A (en) * 1978-04-20 1979-10-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Temperature controller
US4279255A (en) * 1980-02-26 1981-07-21 John F. Taylor Localized body heat applicator device
FR2482461A1 (en) * 1980-05-19 1981-11-20 Mecanique Meridionale Sa Distributor for peritoneal dialysis appts. - where electric heater using forced air circulation rapidly heats dialysate to exact desired temp.
IT1144306B (en) * 1981-01-16 1986-10-29 Nicola Di Paolo PROCEDURE TO PREPARE A SOLUTION FOR PERITONEAL DIALYSIS AND MACHINE IMPLEMENTING THAT PROCEDURE
DE3113934A1 (en) * 1981-04-07 1982-10-28 Laboratorien Hausmann AG, 9001 St. Gallen DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS AMBULANT PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

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Title
See references of WO8404042A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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Inventor name: JUHASZ, LAZSLO