EP0138197A2 - Method of fabricating a concrete in the form of a dome, a cone or a pyramid for building construction and civil engineering - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A process for the manufacture of a dome-shaped, cone-shaped or pyramid-shaped concrete covering for building construction and civil engineering, particularly for container-like structures, with which consecutively annular sections issuing from the top edge of the enclosing wall of the structure are manufactured ; during manufacture of the first, annular section (A), which is attached to the encircling wall (1), radial supports (6) of a concrete form construction bearing on and consequently being supported on the encircling wall (1) on the one hand and a supporting structure (7, 8) running parallel to the encircling wall (1) and at a distance therefrom on the other hand, and during manufacture of the additional, annular sections (B, C) the radial supports (6) being supported by means of their internal ends on the supporting structure (7, 8) which is displaced towards the centre of the structure according to the width of the section (B, C), and being suspended by means of their external ends, which are directed towards the encircling wall, on the inner edge area of the hardened, annular section (A, B or C) of the covering, which edge area has been constructed without suspender beam supports or bearer supports, and during manufacture of the annular sections (A, B, C) through-going openings for passage of securing elements for the radial supports (6) are provided on these annular sections, these openings being approximately in the vertical direction and on the inner edge area of the sections, which edge area is flat on the upper and lower side.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a dome, cone or pyramid-shaped cover made of concrete for buildings and civil engineering structures, in particular for container-like structures, annular sections being successively produced starting from the upper edge of the surrounding wall of the building.

Dome roofs in particular are used because of their favorable static properties as support-free covers, particularly for round containers.

Dome roofs can also be made from individual ring sections, these ring sections being made from different materials. In any case, with these dome roofs made in antiquity, the entire dome had to be fully encased.

Since the curvature and the puncture and in particular also the diameter of a dome vary very often, the standardization of formwork is problematic. Added to this is the fact that, due to the relatively small stitch height, self-supporting formwork can only be used to a limited extent according to known systems.

In the case of large-diameter domes in particular, it has therefore hitherto been necessary to shutter the entire dome in modern concrete buildings, and this requires an enormous amount of formwork and scaffolding material, particularly at great heights.

The object of the invention is therefore to create a method according to which such covers can be produced in an economical manner and with the least possible formwork and scaffolding material. According to the invention, it is proposed that when producing the first annular section adjoining the peripheral wall, radial girders of a formwork construction are supported and supported on the peripheral wall on the one hand and on a supporting frame running parallel to the peripheral wall and that the additional annular sections are produced when manufacturing the further annular sections Radial supports are supported on the one hand with their inner ends on the support frame which is shifted towards the center of the building in accordance with the width of the section, and on the other hand are hung with their outer ends on the inner edge region of the heard annular section of the cover.

By means of such a method, the required scaffolding material can be reduced to the area of an annular section of the cover. It is then possible, for example, to form and produce annular sections with a width of approximately 5 to 6 m, whereupon this formwork and scaffolding material can in turn be used for the next annular section. The required strength is achieved by statically strongly dimensioned annular sections. These annular sections thus take over the static function of the dome roof, which has not yet been closed. After hardening and reaching the required strength, the corresponding ring section is stripped. The corresponding ends of the radial supports can therefore be attached to the relevant edge of the hardened annular section, so that the annular section which has already been created can practically be incorporated into the formwork support structure.

There must therefore be no support structures at the outer ends of the radial supports, which require enormous scaffolding material, especially for very tall buildings.

The process of producing the annular sections is repeated until, due to the ever smaller diameter, there is so much formwork material that the entire remaining cover can be concreted at once.

Further features according to the invention and special advantages are explained in more detail in the description below, in which a process sequence is described with the aid of the drawings.

1 shows a cross section of a container construction with a dome-shaped cover; 2 shows a section through the edge area of a building with the indicated formwork elements; Fig. 3 is a plan view corresponding to Fig. 2; FIGS. 4 and 5 in a section and in plan view a further process section and FIGS. 6 and 7 again a further process step; 8 and 9 show a precast concrete slab that can be used as lost formwork in a top view and in a longitudinal section; 10 shows a cross section through a radial support with a section through the applied cover; 11 shows a cross section of a container construction, created with an additional method step; 12 shows a section through the edge region of the building according to FIG. 11 with the indicated formwork elements; 13 shows a section of a further method step following FIG. 12; 14 and 15 yet another method step in a vertical section and in a top view.

The construction shown in Fig. 1 consists of a peripheral wall 1 and a dome-shaped cover 2. According to the According to the method of the invention, this cover 2 is now formed from individual annular sections A, B and 0, which are successively switched on and cast. In order to achieve sufficient inherent strength for the individual ring-shaped sections A, B and C, and thus to enable stripping, these sections are structurally dimensioned accordingly strong. It is possible to provide an opening 4 in the center area of the dome roof 2 if this is necessary for any reason. Otherwise, the center area is closed in the last stage of the process.

In a particularly favorable manner, the entire surfaces of such an annular section A, B and C are not shut off by formwork panels, but prefabricated concrete panels 5 (corresponding to FIGS. 8 and 9) serving as lost formwork can be used. These precast concrete slabs 5 are designed to be conical, so that they can each bridge the space between radial supports 6. This results in a further saving in formwork material. Depending on the curvature, these precast concrete slabs 5 can generally have a length of 50 to 150 cm and are designed with a width of approximately 40 to 80 cm. Correspondingly bent reinforcements are provided on the longitudinal edge area in order to achieve a mutual good connection. Reinforcing lattice girders can also be provided on the top.

To carry out the method according to the invention, a supporting scaffold and a working scaffold are required, which will be explained in more detail below using a process sequence.

By using a combination of precast concrete slab precast panels made of other materials can of course also be used - and an empty scaffolding with slight structural changes to the dome shell means that the required scaffolding material can be reduced to an area of an annular section of approximately 5 to 6 m in width.

At approximately 5 to 6 m from the surrounding wall 1, annular support towers 7 are erected. On this support towers 7 comes an annular support structure 8, which is a concentric circle to the container diameter. Radial supports 6 are placed on this support structure 8, which expediently can be adjusted in their curvature according to the curvature of the dome-like cover 2. The other ends of the radial carrier 6 lie directly on the peripheral wall 1 of the container construction. Then symmetrical prefabricated concrete slabs 5 are placed ring by ring in the sense of a lost but supporting formwork. In the area of the tangential joints, auxiliary beams can be provided, which are arranged between the radial beams 6 running approximately transversely to them. The arrangement of these subcarriers also seals the joints so that concrete cannot escape downwards through the joints.

As a result of these measures, the precast concrete slabs 5 also lie circumferentially closed on corresponding supports (radial supports 6 and auxiliary supports). The concrete 9 is now applied and compacted well.

After curing and reaching the required strength, the first annular section A, which has now been produced, is stripped off. The support towers 7, since they can still be easily grasped by the crane, are implemented in one piece and again approx. 5 to 6 m towards the center of the Container construction repositioned. The support structure 8, which is reduced in diameter and thus also in scope, is in turn assembled.

The radial supports 6, which are still held in position by the annular section A by small auxiliary hooks, are now also attached to a crane and pulled out of the support shoe on the surrounding wall 1 and then immediately placed further on the newly formed support construction 8 (see FIGS. 4 and 5) . The inner edge region of the annular section A is provided at certain intervals with vertically continuous openings for the passage of fastening means for the radial supports 6. Of course, corresponding suspension devices can also be provided. The outer end of the radial carrier is suspended from this or from corresponding fastening means in the area of pipe penetrations to form the through openings. After all the radial supports 6 have been fixed, the laying of the precast concrete slabs 5 is repeated.

This process of stripping and the subsequent formwork is repeated until, due to the ever smaller diameter of the individual annular sections A, B, C, etc., there is so much formwork material that the entire remaining section of the cover 2 can be concreted at once. This applies in any case if a closed dome-shaped cover is to be created.

The precast concrete slabs are to be prefabricated on a simple horizontal jig. However, they can also be manufactured in precast plants at any time.

The entire construction is expanded in a conventional manner through a designated stripping opening. A large-scale auxiliary scaffolding for disassembly can be prevented be when a light ladder scaffold is moved to the location of the formwork on concentrically arranged rails or on corresponding rollers. To assemble the ends of the radial support 6 facing away from the support structure 8, a work scaffold is provided which can be walked on or passed over on its upper edge, so that any position on the circumference of the container construction can be reached by moving a corresponding mobile pedestal.

In the area of the support structure 8, of course, lowering constructions are provided, so that a slight lowering can initially take place for a stripping process, thereby facilitating the stripping and thus the removal of the cross members or the ring supports of the support structure 8 and thus also the support towers 7. As can be seen from FIG. 10, webs 11 can be provided on the radial supports 6 in the central region thereof, in order to thereby achieve a stop of the precast concrete slabs 5 placed on each of the two radial supports 6. These plates can therefore not slip sideways, so that the risk of accidents is practically excluded.

A support which is curved in accordance with the provided dome curvature or a support which can be adjusted to the curvature and which can be adjusted in accordance with the desired curvatures can be used for the radial support 6.

Of course, there is also the possibility of providing any formwork panels instead of the precast concrete slabs 5, which would also result in a substantial saving in formwork material, but always involves special work for the formwork. It is therefore more appropriate to use formwork panels that are lost here.

FIG. 11 shows a container construction with a peripheral wall 1 and a dome-shaped cover 2, produced with a supplementary method step. The same reference numbers have again been set for the same parts, only those parts which differ from the variant according to FIGS. 1 to 10 being explained in more detail in FIGS. 11 to 15. The cover 2 is also formed from individual annular sections A, B and C, which are successively switched on and cast. In order to achieve an additional increase in the inherent strength for the individual ring-shaped sections A, B and C and thus to enable stripping, an annular ring is formed with the corresponding sections in the exemplary embodiment shown in each case on the inner upper edge of the ring-shaped sections A, B and C. Coating cover 3 cast. This takes over the static function of the not yet closed dome roof.

In this embodiment too, the entire surfaces of such an annular section A, B and C are not shut off by formwork panels, but prefabricated concrete panels 5 (corresponding to FIGS. 8 and 9) serving as lost formwork can be used.

After the first ring-shaped section A has been shuttered in accordance with the description of FIGS. 2 and 3, the concrete 9 is now applied and well compacted. In the area above the ring-shaped support structure 8, that is to say on the inner, upward-facing edge area of section 8, an annular cover carrier 3 is produced, which takes over or supports the static function of the dome-shaped cover 2 which has not yet been closed.

After curing and reaching the required The first ring-shaped section A, which has now been produced, is stripped of strength. The support towers 7, since they can still be easily grasped by the crane, are implemented in one piece and again set up about 5 to 6 m in the direction of the center of the container construction. The support structure 8, which is reduced in diameter and thus also in scope, is in turn assembled.

The radial supports 6 are now also attached to a crane and pulled out of the support shoe on the peripheral wall 1 and then immediately placed further on the newly formed support structure 8 (see FIG. 13). The structural cover carrier is provided at certain intervals with vertically continuous openings for the passage of fastening means for the radial carrier 6. Of course, corresponding suspension devices can also be provided here. The outer end of the radial carrier is suspended from this or by means of appropriate fastening means in the area of the pipe bushings. After all the radial supports 6 have been fixed, the laying of the precast concrete slabs 5 is repeated. Also in the next concreting section, a covering support 3 is again formed on the inner, upward-facing edge of the next annular section B.

This process of stripping and the following formwork is repeated until there is so much formwork material due to the ever smaller diameter of the individual annular sections A, B and C etc. that the entire remaining section of the cover 2 can be concreted at once. This applies in any case if a closed dome-shaped cover is to be created. If a central opening remains free, as is shown in the example according to FIG. 11, a corresponding covering beam 3 can also be concreted in for the last section C to be manufactured.

11 to 15, reference was made to a coating carrier which is arranged on the inner edge region of the respective annular sections. Of course, it is also possible to provide a corresponding concrete ring on the underside on the inner boundary of the relevant annular sections, so that a covering beam is thus created. Static reinforcement can also be achieved in this way. It would also be conceivable to provide both a beam support and a cover beam if this is expedient for structural reasons or for reasons of strength. Instead of being made from concrete and therefore instead of being cast when making the annular sections, corresponding steel beams, e.g. Steel profile beams or hollow box steel profiles are provided, which take over the corresponding supporting function. With such an arrangement, it would also be conceivable that these can be dismantled, so that disassembly can take place after the dome-shaped cover has been completely closed, especially since these cover and / or beam supports are no longer required for structural reasons. Even with the arrangement of steel girders, of course, either only cover girders, only girder beams or both embodiments can be provided. When using such steel beams for the covering and / or beam beams, there is the possibility that they also run in a ring or slightly polygonal, so that these beams can be made from straight pieces.

The present invention has been described using a cover for a round container construction. Of course, in addition to a dome-shaped design, these covers can also be conical or pyramid-shaped, which will also take place in each case in adaptation to the shape of the container construction. The building itself could therefore not only be circular shaped, but also be elliptical or prism-shaped.

The method according to the invention substantially facilitates the manufacture of a dome, cone or pyramid-shaped cover made of concrete for buildings and civil engineering, the advantages achieved not only in the substantially reduced need for formwork and construction. set up material, but also in the significantly reduced workload for the production of formwork, scaffolding and thus also for the production of such a cover. i

Claims (10)

1. A method for producing a dome, cone, or pyramid-shaped cover made of concrete for buildings and civil engineering, in particular for container-like structures, wherein from the top edge of the peripheral wall of the building starting successively annular sections are made, characterized in that when the first , radial section (A) of a formwork construction adjoining the surrounding wall (1) on the one hand on the surrounding wall (1) and on the other on a supporting frame (7, 8) running parallel to the surrounding wall (1) and supported thereby and that during the manufacture of the further annular sections (B, C) the radial supports (6) are supported on the one hand with their inner ends on the support frame (7, 8) which is shifted towards the center of the structure in accordance with the width of the section (B, 0) on the other hand, with their outer ends on the inner edge region of the hardened annular Absc hnittes (A, B or C) of the cover. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the manufacture of the annular sections (A, B, C) at their inner edge region approximately in the vertical direction through openings for the passage of fasteners for the radial carrier (6) are provided. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the radial support (6) precast concrete slabs (5) are applied as lost formwork, which may have a curvature corresponding to a dome. 4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that according to a dome curvature or adjustable to the curvature radial carrier (6) are used. 5. The method according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that between the radial beams (6) approximately transversely to these auxiliary beams in the area of the joints of the prefabricated concrete slabs (5) are used. 6. The method according to claim 1 and one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a walkable or passable work scaffold (10) is set up in the container construction in each case on the inner edge of the annular section to be shuttered (A, B, C). 7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the precast concrete slabs (5) are placed abutting on each of two radial supports (6) up to a web (11) projecting centrally on the upper side of the radial supports (6). 8. The method according to claim 1 and one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an annular cover and / or beam support (3) is arranged or formed on the respective inner edges of the annular portions (A, B, C). 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that a covering and / or beam (3) in a with the manufacture of the relevant annular section (A, B, C) is cast with concrete. 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that an optionally removable steel or hollow box steel beam is arranged as a cover and / or beam support (3).

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