EP0125264A1

EP0125264A1 - Compact housing and method for fabricating a panel-element used for such a compact housing

Info

Publication number: EP0125264A1
Application number: EP19830903510
Authority: EP
Inventors: Marinus Bernardus Foppe Van Meer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1982-10-28
Filing date: 1983-10-28
Publication date: 1984-11-21
Also published as: WO1984001796A3; DE3240013A1; WO1984001796A2

Abstract

Une habitation compacte pliable pour cas d'urgence consiste en un conteneur servant à emballer les parties de l'habitation, comme par exemple les parties-parois isolantes avec les ouvertures pour la porte et les fenêtres, ainsi que la partie-toit et la partie-plancher. Le conteneur (7, 8) forme lui-même, après son ouverture, autant de parties-parois (3) de l'habitation compacte qu'il y a de parois latérales du conteneur. Les diverses parties-parois, à l'exception des parois du conteneur, sont tendues, puis verrouillées à l'aide d'éléments de couplage flexibles. Une toiture dépliée en forme de parapluie est écartée et tendue au moyen d'un support de toit selon une inclinaison faible au-dessus des parois dressées de l'habitation. L'habitation compacte possède un plan d'ensemble polygonal.A compact foldable house for emergencies consists of a container used to pack the parts of the house, such as the insulating wall parts with the openings for the door and windows, as well as the roof part and the part -floor. The container (7, 8) itself forms, after its opening, as many wall parts (3) of the compact dwelling as there are side walls of the container. The various wall parts, with the exception of the walls of the container, are tensioned and then locked with flexible coupling elements. An unfolded roof in the shape of an umbrella is spread and stretched by means of a roof support at a slight inclination above the erected walls of the dwelling. The compact dwelling has a polygonal overall plan.

Description

COMPACT APARTMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PANEL ELEMENT TO USE WITH SUCH A COMPACT APARTMENT.

The invention relates to a compact apartment or similar accommodation, which is particularly applicable as an easily transportable, attachable and removable apartment unit for emergencies.

Mostly tents are used for emergencies, e.g. in the event of overflows and similar catastrophes, which unfortunately do not satisfy after a short time, aside from the fact that setting up the tents and the space taken up takes up a lot of time or space in relation to the required tensioning elements. Such shelters do not lean for permanent surveillance and, moreover, the canvas is not always suitable for permanent intensive living.

The invention now aims to create a new type of compact apartment which, on the one hand, can be easily folded up like a tent and, on the other hand, provides the strength and durability of a real apartment without the collapsible roofing giving rise to the usual leak damage in bad weather conditions.

In addition, the invention enables all associated parts to be packed integrally and easily removable in a transport box, ready for dispatch, after which it is easy for us to set up quickly on the construction site. In addition, the cost of this compact apartment is about the same at a tent and is therefore far preferable with all other considerable advantages from the standpoint of semi-permanent living for the future residents.

According to the invention, the compact apartment is composed of a collapsible roof in conjunction with a number of panel-shaped upright panel elements which are tensioned to a polygonal apartment wall by means of suitable tensioning elements with a view to a predetermined basic outline and with the simultaneous use of a transport box for the compact apartment, and the majority of the panel elements are harmonious -like and the rest, which is formed by the long sides of the transport box, forms a unitary connection to the wall of the apartment which is polygonal and where panel elements of the apartment wall can be provided with a door or window opening and the roof is formed by a number of sector-like, uniformly connected roof elements which are slightly inclined centrally from the center of the roof by a known substructure is held high while at the same time reclamping the upper wall of the apartment from the lower roof edge by means of roof tensioning elements which are held lockable in the area of the mutual connection of adjacent panel elements.

In contrast to the restrictions that apply to tents and similar emergency shelters, it is now possible to design the panel elements with double walls and thereby offer protection against cold and heat, a possibility that can only be achieved with great effort when using tents. Lockable door and window openings are also possible and noise can be largely suppressed. These advantages are essential for the residents who take a comfortable emergency accommodation like a private apartment.

The apartment wall must have enough rigidity of its own, which is created by the fact that each side of the polygonal apartment wall is formed by two harmonica-like, flexible panel elements, which side is divided in the longitudinal center and the opposite connection of adjacent panel elements is formed by two longitudinal channels, each on one The panel element side are located in the area of the connection and an elongated, flexible coupling member is held in the channels with its lockable longitudinal edges.

The design of the rather rigid panel elements with the coupling element is such that not only is the intended connection extraordinarily satisfactory, but this also favors the mutual bracing of the panel elements and additionally creates a stable air column between the colliding panel edges and the coupling element. This last one shares very good insulation against cold or heat in the home and is therefore also very useful. The stability of the connection between the abutting edges of the panel elements is further increased in that, apart from the wall parts which are formed by the long sides of the transport box, the prestressed connection of adjacent sides of the apartment is provided under a corner by means of an average beveled top surface at the top edge of the other part of the wall. Also in this embodiment, the flat seal between the abutting panel longitudinal edges is preferred and thereby the immobility of the enclosed air column is promoted. edge of one part of the wall abuts a length that is equally beveled on average. It has proven to be extremely practical to determine the contours of the basic outline in advance by means of a tent cloth that is firmly anchored to the ground and that can be coupled to the transport box and in the edge area of the polygonal tent cloth On the outside of the wall there is a floor tensioning element that supplies the prestress in the floor area and on the inside of the wall the edge of the tent cloth is pulled up over a small height and is easily connected to the panel elements by means of holding elements. On the inside of the apartment, the edge of the canvas is fastened so that no rainwater can flow into it. On the outside of the panel elements, one or more floor tensioning elements are provided which fix the wall of the apartment with respect to the basic outline.

According to the invention, the substructure of the roof is formed by a number in a central element with a rod-shaped roof rack to be inserted at one end, the opposite end of which is inserted over a corner in a recess which is provided on the top of the panel elements in the area of the connection to the roof edge . This creates a stable, stretched roof construction and the central element can be e.g. anchor directly in the underlying floor using a ring and using an anchoring rope.

It is advantageous that the recess is divided and is provided in two adjacent sides of the apartment wall. It is preferred to have a positive fit around the ends of the roof rack in the prestressed Take up the wall of the apartment so that the edge stresses of the roof can be brought down.

In the manner of an umbrella, the sectors of the roof elements can easily be fixed in the central element and this construction enables the roof structure to be assembled and disassembled quickly.

Advantageously, all side walls of the transport box can be used as a living wall, so that there are several advantages. Transport damage does not occur easily because the material of the panel elements, e.g. hard plastic material, is suitable for this.

Even after it has been used as an emergency apartment, the compact apartment can still be used as an apartment for a long time, because several compact apartments can be switched into a comfortable, larger apartment. Although the compact apartment is particularly suitable for the purpose described above, it can be assumed that it would also be usable as a holiday apartment or a kind of bungalow if several are connected together. This already takes place by equipping one panel element of an apartment unit with two instead of one panel door element.

In a preferred embodiment, the basic outline of the compact apartment is seven-sided and comprises the seven sides of a regular octagon, increased with a triangular base surface, of which the Hypothenusa is equal to the eighth side of the octagon and of which the legs are formed by the extended sides of the adjacent sides of the octagon meet at a right angle.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a panel element which can be used in a compact apartment according to the invention. According to the invention, such a method is characterized in that the panel element is manufactured using a rotational molding or rotational blow molding process in one pass in the form of a can-shaped element, after which the element is, if desired, filled with an insulating material.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that the production of a panel element by means of the method according to the invention provides a panel element which is particularly suitable for use in a compact apartment according to the invention.

It is precisely the greater wall thicknesses required for connecting the panel elements in place of the walls of the elements to be coupled that are automatically obtained by the method according to the invention, while more and more automatically a thinner wall is automatically formed after the center of the element, where the thickness of the panel wall is less critical.

Suitable materials for the panel elements are, for example, plastics or granular powder known per se, which become liquid after heating and can be centrifuged.

According to the invention, for the production of rectangular panel elements, the axis of rotation of the casting mold or blow mold to be used in the rotary casting or rotary blowing process coincides with the axis of symmetry of the element which runs parallel to the longer side of the rectangular panel element. Through this

Measure will get a mostly favorable distribution of the panel material.

In the event that the wall thickness in the central region of the panel element would not be sufficient, special measures can be taken according to the invention to reinforce the wall thickness in the central region of the element.

Further details and advantages will become apparent from the following description with reference to the drawing of an embodiment of the compact apartment according to the invention. 1 is a perspective view of a transport box or container that contains the folded compact apartment;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the container and shows the wall parts of the compact apartment;

Fig. 3 illustrates the fixed floor plan of the compact apartment approximately in the form of an octagon; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of another phase of housing construction;

Fig. 5-7 are three phases in the assembly of the roof in a perspective view; Fig. 8-10 are details, partly average, partly in perspective, and in top view, of the panel connections for forming the apartment wall; Fig. 11 is a partial average of the compact dwelling during the installation of the double-walled roof for insulation purposes; 12 and 13 are a partial average and a partial perspective view of the central roof part with the connection of the various roof racks; Fig. 14 shows the structure of the double-wall connection of the roof by means of a roof rack and the arrangement of the wall parts; 15 is a side view of the compact apartment; 16 is a side view of the container and FIG. 17 is a top view of three switched compact apartments which are connected to one another by means of common passageways. 1 shows the packed compact apartment in the form of a container and FIG. 2 shows the opened container, of which the side walls 1, 2 simultaneously form the upstanding wall parts of the compact apartment. With the side wall 1 in Fig. 2 is a package harmonica-like folded wall parts 3 in connection which last hinge-like coupling elements with their longitudinal edges or in the area thereof, together with one another can be pulled out to a wall of an apartment. Two movable wall parts, such as the side walls 1, 2, which function as wall parts 4, 5 in the extended position, together form a flat wall 6 for the compact apartment and seven such walls and The fixed corner connection of the container forms the rising wall of the apartment, which also ensures the stability of the compact apartment. The head wall parts 7, 8 of the container are not movable and, with the rigid corner connection, are helpful in the expansion or construction of the apartment. In Fig. 3 the floor plan of the apartment is laid out. With the exception of an additional triangle, the bottom part 9 is made from a vinyl tent cloth that has the shape of a regular octagon. The floor plan is further defined by profiles 10, the ends of which in the corner regions 11 are joined together by suitable connecting members (not shown) to provide a rigid floor boundary for the standing apartment wall. Depending on the needs, a floor or a solid floor covering can be retrofitted over the vinyl tent cloth for permanent purposes.

3 and 4 show two phases of the construction of the house, two wall parts 3 being pulled out together to form a flat wall and the wall has an overall length which corresponds to the length of a profile 10, the side length of the octagon. It speaks for itself that the wall parts can be provided with window or door openings 12 or 13 depending on the needs. After arranging the apartment wall from the various wall parts 3, the roof, which is unfolded like an umbrella in the container, must be set up. By means of fast locking elements, not shown here, which are known per se, the wall part 5 of the container is first connected to the longitudinal edge of the last wall part 3 in FIG. 4, after which the roofing unit 14 is set up in the middle of the octagon on the floor, see FIG. 5. The type and construction of the complete roofing unit 14 can be seen from FIGS. 5-7 and 11-14. It consists of a central part 15, for example of sheet metal, provided with a plurality of insertion openings 16 in the walls 17 of which the ends of a tubular roof rack 19 are rotatably fastened by means of a hinge member 18, for example in the manner of an umbrella. 12 shows the position of the roof racks 19 in the position of the roofing unit 14 according to FIG. 5 with dashed lines. The roofing itself also consists, for example, of a vinyl tent cloth which is divided into sectors, which is shown schematically in FIGS. 5-7. Such an umbrella-like structure is known to be assumed and is therefore not further discussed.

Eight roof racks 19 are provided, and each of them, see FIG. 14, can be inserted with its bent end 20 that tapers into a short tube piece 21 in a recess 22 that is formed at the top of the connection between adjacent wall parts 23, 24 These cutouts 22 are located on the eight corner areas of the regular octagon. Only at the connection points with the container is the vinyl canvas of the roof sector somewhat extended, as can be seen from FIGS. 6 and 7. The length of a roof rack is so much greater than the line connecting an angular point of the octagon with the center that a slight inclination of about 6 arises when the roof is put on, see Fig. 11, which is enough to easily drain sky water. The special type of connection between the adjacent wall parts 25, 26, 27 is further shown in FIGS. 8-10. The wall parts 25-27 are identical in design, but are each set up in a special position, see FIG. 9. Adjacent wall parts are connected to one another in a hinge-like manner by means of a coupling member 28. Each wall part is provided with a continuous channel on each side in the region of its longitudinal edge 29, 30 in which the profiled profile edges 31 are held. For this purpose, a gutter e.g. Dovetailed but other shapes can be used to hold the inserted coupling member. Countless designs of such connections are known, with which longitudinal edges are held in a form-fitting manner; such longitudinal edges can e.g. are additionally reinforced with a rod-shaped element, the longitudinal edge can be hollow. These types of connections have been known for a long time and no longer need to be discussed here.

The width of the coupling member 28 is less than the connection distance between the grooves 29, 30 in the adjacent wall parts 25-27 and therefore the connection to the coupling members 28 can only be achieved under a certain preload in the end positions shown in FIG Prerequisite that the coupling members are made of flexible material with high necessary for this purpose Stress properties. Although the different wall parts can also be made differently, it is of course worthwhile to use a uniform wall part, as shown in the figures. Each wall part 25-27 consists, for example, of a sandwich construction, ie an outer skin with an insulation layer in between, the whole has a fairly great stiffness. The outer skin of the front and back of a wall part are connected to one another by a seam, which is indicated schematically in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 10, on average, a longitudinal edge 32 is designed to be right, the opposite longitudinal edge of the same wall part is designed to be chamfered and designated 33. The right-hand abutting edges are each in the divided center of a wall of the apartment, the beveled edges are each in the angular area of the octagon, as shown in FIG. 9. The unfolding and stretching directions are indicated with arrows in FIG. 9 and thus the sequence of mounting or dismantling of the compact apartment. The already acquired stability of the compact apartment, which is created by the pre-tensioning by means of the coupling links, is further consolidated by the fastening with drawstrings on the top or on the bottom of the wall parts. For this purpose, the wall parts, for example the wall parts 23, 24 in FIGS. 11 and 14, are preferably provided with recesses 34 and 35 and similar recesses are located on the bottom side at 36 in FIG. 11. These recesses 34, 35 and 36 are only embedded in the edge area of the wall part and do not extend across the full wall width. The purpose of this is that the apartment floor side is tightened with drawstrings against the profile rods 10, see FIG. 11 and on the top the top tent cloth, which is provided with a sewn-in drawstring, is pulled over the edge and can then be removed by means of the recess 34, 35 be excited. 14, the final position of the upper edge of the tent cloth 39 in the recess 34, 35 is indicated by an arrow. Further details of this are not given, but are easy for an expert to understand.

After the outer roof has been arranged, an insulation roof can also be attached subsequently, as can be seen schematically from FIGS. 11 and 14. Under use from each one hole 38 on the corner points an insulation roof 39 is tensioned as the roof rack 19 are attached. With the sandwich construction of the wall parts already mentioned, the roof insulation is of course just as important for permanent living and for high temperature differences. Under certain circumstances, the central part of the roof 15 could still be anchored to the ground by a rope, depending on the weather conditions.

FIG. 15 also shows how the drawstring 40 is visible on the bottom side and on the top side the connection with the roofing is also shown in a side view. Fig. 16 shows the container 41 in which all parts of the apartment are packed and where the drawstring 40 can simultaneously serve to close the container.

Of course, several apartment units in a compact apartment can be switched into a larger complex. This possibility is shown in FIG. 17 and it speaks for itself that unlimited combinations for both emergency apartments, semi-permanent and permanent compact apartment construction are conceivable here.

In one example, a single wall part has a width of 80 cm and the wall thickness is 4 cm with a panel height of 200 cm. The edge bevel of the wall part is (Fig. 9) 22½º ^, the coupling member is made of rubber that constantly meets high demands on stress.

The advantages of this new compact apartment are numerous. In addition, the different wall parts are easily interchangeable, which is a particular advantage for repairs, but also for choosing the desired arrangement of window and door wall parts. In the case of more permanent living, the container part of the walls can also be dispensed with, which part can then simply be replaced by separate insertable wall parts - by means of the coupling member.

For the basic outline of the compact apartment, the use of conventional tent nails can be useful; if there is more permanent residence, a wooden floor with a solid floor covering can be considered. Although an octagonal compact apartment is described in the exemplary embodiment, the compact apartment can be polygonal in plan and the wall parts or panel elements need not be of the same dimensions. However, the structure of the compact apartment described is extremely useful for quickly putting on the compact apartment for emergencies. As described in the above, the wall parts or the panel elements of the compact apartment can have a conventional sandwich construction. Such a sandwich structure is created, for example, by gluing or welding the skin parts together and further filling with an insulation material, for example, full foaming of the cavity. A method is also known in which two plates (made of wood, aluminum or plastic) are arranged at a distance in a teaching, after which the space between the plates is filled with an insulating material and a firm connection between the plates and the insulating material is obtained.

Advantageously, according to the invention, a panel element which can be used in a compact apartment according to the invention is produced in that the panel element is manufactured in one pass in the form of a can-shaped element using a rotational molding or rotational blowing method, after which the element is, if desired, filled with an insulating material . As the material from which such an element is made, e.g. granular or powdered plastics that become liquid after heating and can be centrifuged.

As is apparent from the above description, it is desirable that the panel elements be reinforced at the edge where the mutual connection is to be made. The method according to the invention counteracts this wish and provides panel elements whose walls to be connected have a greater wall thickness due to the rotation method, while more towards the center of the panel, where the wall thickness is less critical, also results in a thinner wall. For example the thickness at the edge is 5 cm, while in the middle the thickness is about 3 cm.

The method according to the invention offers the advantages that, depending on the design of the casting or blow molding to be used in the rotary casting or rotary blowing process, the mostly different requirements with regard to the panel elements can be met: for example, a panel element can be manufactured in one pass according to the invention be that already contains the desired window or door openings or is already provided with the desired holes for filling with insulation material. For the production of rectangular panel elements, for example with a width of 60, 80 or 100 cm and a height of 190 or 200 cm, according to the invention the axis of rotation of the casting or blowing mold to be used in the rotary casting or rotary blowing process falls parallel to the longer one Side of the rectangular panel element running the axis of symmetry of the element together. Such a measure ensures a mostly favorable distribution of the panel material and thus results in panel elements having optimal properties.

If the wall thickness in the middle area of the panel element would be too small, special measures can be taken to reinforce this wall thickness.

FIGS. 18 to 29 show, on the basis of pictures, the various process steps for the construction of a compact apartment according to the invention. The intermediate positions of the different panel elements already described above can be clearly seen here as well as the type of fastening of the roof component.

The rectangle in the floor plan enables e.g. also the use of rectangular living elements such as beds and / or kitchen elements etc.

In this order, FIGS. 30-35 show a panel element 42 that is produced by the method according to the invention, a top view with the cam 43 and a countersink 44, a longitudinal section along the line BB in FIG. 30, a side view, a cross section according to 30 of the line AA in FIG. 30 and a cross section in enlarged scale according to FIG. 34. At 45, a raw, narrow surface is shown for transportation for attachment forces, and a similar surface is shown below in FIG. 30. At 46 a stiffening rib is also shown which e.g. is also shaped. The insulation material is indicated at 47. In a channel 48, e.g. a U-shaped aluminum profile embedded. The end parts of the initially parallel legs of the U, which are located approximately on the panel surface, are printed to one another after the foaming of the interior of the panel so that the mouth is narrowed and thus forms the desired groove for locking the profile edges 31 in FIG. 8. 35 shows the asymmetrical edge design of the protruding panel edges.

Claims

EXPECTATIONS

1. Compact apartment, in particular an easily transportable and foldable and foldable compact apartment that can be used as an emergency apartment, composed of a collapsible roof in conjunction with a number of panel-shaped upright panel elements using suitable tensioning elements with regard to a predetermined basic outline and at the same time using a transport box for the compact apartment , is biased to a polygonal apartment wall and the majority of the panel elements harmonica-like and the rest, which is formed by the long sides of the transport box, are connected to each other uniformly, the apartment wall forms a polygonal design whereby panel elements of the apartment wall are provided with a door or The window opening and the roofing is formed by a number of sector-like, uniformly connected roof elements which are slightly inclined from the center of the roofing by a substructure known per se is held high, in particular in the manner of an umbrella, while at the same time reclamping the upper wall of the apartment from the lower roof edge by means of roof tensioning elements which are held lockable in the area of the mutual connection of adjacent panel elements.

2. Compact apartment according to claim 1, characterized in that each side of the polygonal apartment wall is formed by two harmonica-like flexible panel elements which side is divided in the longitudinal center and the mutual connection of adjacent panel elements is formed by two longitudinal channels each on a panel element side are located in the area of the connection and in each case an elongated flexible coupling member with its lockable longitudinal edges is held in the channels.

3. Compact apartment according to claim 2, characterized in that apart from the wall parts which are formed by the long sides of the transport box, the prestressed connection of adjacent sides of the apartment wall is provided under a corner so that an average beveled head edge of one wall part abuts against an average equally beveled longitudinal surface on the head edge of the other wall part.

4. Compact apartment according to claim 3, characterized in that the predetermined basic outline is formed by a tent cloth to be firmly anchored to the housing conditions, which can be coupled to the transport box, and wherein in the area of the polygonal tent cloth on the outside of the wall a floor tensioning element is provided that the prestressing in the floor area delivers and further up the inside of the wall, the edge of the tent cloth is pulled up over a small height and is easily connected to the panel elements by means of holding members.

Compact apartment according to claim 4, characterized in that the substructure of the roof is formed by a number in a central element with a rod-shaped roof rack to be inserted at one end, the opposite end of which is inserted bent downward over a corner in a recess provided at the top of the panel elements in the area of the connection with the roof edge.

6. Compact apartment according to claim 5, characterized in that the recess is divided and is in each case provided in two adjacent apartment walls.

7. Compact apartment according to claim 4, characterized in that the rod-shaped roof carriers to be inserted are fixed in the central element by means of a locking element.

8. Compact apartment according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panel elements with the tent cloth and the roof elements with the substructure are folded or folded overall in the transport box, the sides of the transport box being formed by parts of the apartment wall.

9. Compact apartment according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that several of them can be switched to a larger apartment unit by replacing a panel element from a second panel door element.

10.Kompaktwohnung according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the basic outline is seven-edged and the seven

Sides of a regular octagon encompassed with a triangular base surface, of which the Hypothenusa is equal to the eighth side of the octagon and of which the legs are formed by the extended sides of the adjacent sides of the octagon, which meet at a right angle.

11. A method of manufacturing a panel element for use in a compact apartment according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the panel element is manufactured using a rotational molding or rotary blowing process in one pass in the form of a can-shaped element, after which the element, if desirable to be filled with an insulation material.

12. The method according to claim 11, in particular for the production of rectangular panel elements, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the casting or blow mold to be used in the rotational molding or rotary blowing method coincides with the axis of symmetry of the element which runs parallel to the longer side of the rectangular panel element.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, if necessary, special measures are taken to reinforce the wall thickness in the central region of the panel element.