EP0120881A1 - Streustrahlungs-rauchdetektor. - Google Patents
Streustrahlungs-rauchdetektor.Info
- Publication number
- EP0120881A1 EP0120881A1 EP83902980A EP83902980A EP0120881A1 EP 0120881 A1 EP0120881 A1 EP 0120881A1 EP 83902980 A EP83902980 A EP 83902980A EP 83902980 A EP83902980 A EP 83902980A EP 0120881 A1 EP0120881 A1 EP 0120881A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- smoke detector
- detector according
- collimation
- smoke
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
- G08B17/113—Constructional details
Definitions
- the invention relates to a scattered radiation smoke detector which can be connected to an evaluation unit by means of radiation-conducting elements, in which electromagnetic radiation emitted by the evaluation unit is irradiated into a measurement volume via at least one radiation-conducting element and electromagnetic radiation scattered by the smoke particles in the measurement volume Radiation is picked up by at least one radiation-guiding element and returned to the evaluation unit.
- electromagnetic radiation which is to be understood as visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, is radiated into a large measuring volume by a light-emitting diode (LED) arranged in the interior of the smoke detector and received by smoke particles in the direction of a solar cell also provided inside the smoke detector.
- LED light-emitting diode
- the smoke detector is connected to an evaluation unit or signaling center by means of metallic, electrically conductive signal lines.
- the smoke detector is connected to the evaluation unit by means of radiation-conducting elements, also known as light guides or fiber optics, in which unit both the radiation source and that Radiation receivers are arranged.
- the radiation is conducted from the evaluation unit via a light guide to the smoke detector, irradiated into the measurement volume from the end or output of this light guide in the detector, the scattered radiation from the measurement volume is picked up at the input of another light guide and returned from this light guide to the evaluation unit.
- the disadvantage of such smoke detectors is the relatively broad radiation characteristic of the output of the light guide, that is to say their relatively large opening angle, and also the equally broad reception characteristic of the light guide that receives the scattered radiation.
- the consequence of this is that with such smoke detectors only scatter radiation with a relatively large scattering angle, that is to say a relatively large angle between the incident and the received radiation, can be used, since at smaller scattering angles a considerable part of the received radiation consists of direct radiation .
- the extreme forward scatter which is particularly favorable for the detection of smoke, can have scattering angles close to zero cannot be detected with such smoke detectors.
- the broad radiation characteristic also means that a large part of the inner wall of the detector is struck by direct radiation and partly reflected, particularly as a result of the dust precipitation on the wall that can hardly be avoided during the operating period. This leads to a brightening of the measuring volume and to a disturbance light level, whereby a weak scattered radiation caused by smoke is superimposed and can no longer be detected, or a false alarm can be triggered. As a result, the light output of the radiation source and thus the power consumption of the smoke detector could not be kept as low as desired, and complicated and expensive measures were required to avoid the dust and radiation reflection of the inner wall of the detector.
- the invention has for its object to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to provide a scattered radiation smoke detector of the type mentioned, which is not only explosion-proof, temperature, moisture and corrosion insensitive, but also an increased sensitivity, a has less susceptibility to faults and false alarms, as well as improved operational safety, even with longer operating times and with dustiness under difficult environmental conditions.
- this object is achieved in that collimation devices for generating an at least approximately non-divergent radiation or reception area (S, E) having a small cross section are provided at the radiation exit or at the radiation entry of the radiation-guiding elements, the radiation-guiding elements and the collimation devices are arranged and aligned such that their radiation and reception areas overlap.
- FIG. 1 shows a smoke detector arrangement in a schematic illustration
- FIG. 2 shows a scattered radiation smoke detector in section
- FIG. 3 shows a smoke detector with evaluation of several scattering angles
- FIG. 4 shows a smoke detector with evaluation of several wavelengths
- FIG. 5 shows a smoke detector with radiation monitoring
- FIG. 6 shows a smoke detector with several scattering volumes
- FIG. 7 shows a smoke detector with a cone-shaped radiation area.
- a scattered radiation smoke detector D is connected to an evaluation unit A by means of radiation-conducting elements or light guides L 1 and L 2 . While the smoke detector is arranged at a measuring point of a room to be monitored, the evaluation unit can be located away from it, if necessary at a distance of more than 100 meters.
- the design of the light guide is expediently adapted to the radiation used and can be of the multimode or monomode type.
- the light guides can consist of a single fiber or a bundle of several radiation-guiding fibers. Depending on the version of the smoke detector, two or more light guides may be required to connect to the evaluation unit.
- a driver 1 provided in the evaluation unit A controls a radiation-emitting diode LED 2 in pulses with 0.1 to 10 kHz. Their radiation, depending on the type of LED visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, is coupled into the light guide L 1 and passed via this to the smoke detector.
- a collimation device 4 is arranged, ie a special optic that collimates the radiation emerging from the light guide into an at least approximately parallel radiation beam.
- a further collimation device 6 the reception area of which is oriented such that it receives radiation scattered by smoke particles from a scattering volume 7 and the input 8 of the second light guide L 2 feeds, which feeds the received scatter radiation of a solar cell 9 in the evaluation unit A.
- This solar cell converts the received radiation, ie the optical signal, into an electrical signal which is amplified by a receiving amplifier 10.
- the amplifier output signal is fed to a signal processing circuit 11, which on the other hand receives a reference signal from the driver 1 via a line 12, and only emits a signal to the downstream alarm circuit 13 when the emitted and received radiation are in coincidence.
- An alarm device 14 is triggered by the alarm circuit 13 when the scattered radiation signal exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the signal processing circuit 11 can be implemented, for example, in the manner of the coincidence circuits known for smoke detectors from the European patents EP 11 205 or EP 14 779, or else can have a phase-sensitive amplifier (lock-in amplifier), as used, for example, by the Princeton Applied Research Corporation is available.
- FIG. 2 shows the structure of a practically executed smoke detector according to the invention in section.
- a plastic base plate 20 carries an air-permeable housing 21 enclosing the measuring chamber M and inside a carrier element 22, likewise made of a suitable plastic.
- a known light guide connection or plug connection C is provided in the base plate 20 and is used to connect the light guides L 1 , L 2 coming from the evaluation unit to the light guide connections 23 and 28 located in the interior of the detector.
- the two collimation devices 24 and 26 are used, which cooperate with the ends of the light guide connections 23 and 28, so that a radiation ( , s) or reception area with a very small opening angle, that is almost parallel radiation, and a small diameter, ie at most 1 - 3 mm.
- the optical arrangement thus corresponds to the diagram according to FIG. 1.
- the optical arrangement is inside the housing 21 surrounded by an air-permeable but radiation-absorbing, labyrinth-like element 27.
- This can consist, for example, of nested lamellae or have radiation-absorbing ribs 29 on the surfaces in order to also eliminate the last interference radiation, for example from the edges of the screens 25.
- the Collimation device 24 emitting radiation can be provided with a radiation trap 30 of small extent, but with particularly good absorption, and an analog trap 31 at the end of the reception area. Because of the good collimation and the extremely small diameter of the radiation area, as is not the case with previously known scattered radiation smoke detectors were achievable, the previously required, complex measures for eliminating the interference radiation can largely be dispensed with or reduced, or conversely the sensitivity of the smoke detector can be increased and the susceptibility to false alarms reduced. For the same reason, the optical arrangement can be designed for a smaller scattering angle than before, so that the forward scattering, which is particularly suitable for the detection of smoke, can be exploited, which was previously only possible when accepting increased sensitivity to false alarms and reduced sensitivity.
- the smoke detector can be made entirely of non-metallic materials, which means that it is absolutely explosion-proof, cannot be disturbed by electromagnetic interference, is hardly at risk of corrosion, can also be used in high-voltage areas, and is also extremely good is temperature-resistant, at least in the range between -50 ° C and + 150 ° C, when replacing plastics with ceramics even at much higher temperatures.
- FIG. 3 shows the diagram of a smoke detector D which, in addition to the components already shown in FIG. 1, has a further collimation device 15, which absorbs scattered radiation at a larger scattering angle than the first collimation device 6, and which has a third light guide L3 with the Evaluation unit is connected.
- This makes it possible to take advantage of the different ratio of the scatter at a small scattering angle to the scattering at a larger scattering angle for different types of smoke, and it A suitable evaluation circuit can be used to determine which type of smoke is present in practice.
- the larger scattering angle can also be selected over 90 °, so that one collimator takes up the forward scattering and the other the backward scattering. This makes it possible to distinguish between highly absorbent, i.e. black smoke, and highly reflective, i.e. white smoke.
- a two different LEDs 2 1 and 2 2 are provided which emit radiation at two different wavelengths.
- the two radiation parts are coupled into the same light guide L 1 and fed to the collimation device 4.
- the smoke detector D In extension of the radiation direction of the collimator 4, the smoke detector D according to FIG. 5 has a further radiation-receiving collimator 17 which receives the direct radiation and feeds it to the evaluation unit via a further light guide L 4 . Functional monitoring of the LED can thus be achieved, ie a signal is given if the radiation is absent, or the LED can be readjusted if the radiation intensity changes slowly.
- a second system constructed analogously and consisting of the collimators 4 2 and 6 2 is closely adjacent to a first system consisting of the collimators 4 1 and 6 1 , the light guides L 1 and L 2 and the diaphragm 5 1 , the light guides L 5 and L 6 and the aperture 5 2 arranged.
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of such a smoke detector D. Like the smoke detector according to the example of FIG. 1, this is connected to an evaluation unit with two light guides L 1 , L 2 , the light guides 3, 8 at the output and at the entrance, respectively a collimation device 4, 6 is provided. In contrast to the embodiments described above, these collimation devices are, however, provided with aspherical surfaces, so that their radiation or reception area has the shape of a cone jacket of small thickness.
- the radiation intensity or reception sensitivity is essentially limited to the cone jacket and is relatively low both outside the jacket and inside the cone, near the axis.
- the collimation optics is in turn designed such that the opening angle of the radiation in a surface line of the cone shell is very small, ie that the thickness of the radiation or reception area changes only slightly along a surface line.
- the radiation and reception area intersect in a circular or toroidal zone 7 with a small diameter.
- radiation traps 29 are also provided in the example according to FIG. 7, which here are expediently designed in a ring shape and surround the collimation devices 4, 6 in a ring shape.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH5944/82 | 1982-10-11 | ||
CH594482 | 1982-10-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0120881A1 true EP0120881A1 (de) | 1984-10-10 |
EP0120881B1 EP0120881B1 (de) | 1987-05-27 |
Family
ID=4301909
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83902980A Expired EP0120881B1 (de) | 1982-10-11 | 1983-10-05 | Streustrahlungs-rauchdetektor |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4642471A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0120881B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS59501879A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3371828D1 (de) |
NO (1) | NO842033L (de) |
WO (1) | WO1984001650A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014019172A1 (de) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mit einem kompensierenden optischen Messsystem |
DE102014019773A1 (de) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mittels des Displays eines Mobiltelefons |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8529435D0 (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1986-01-08 | Gent Ltd | Fire detector |
US5164604A (en) * | 1991-05-01 | 1992-11-17 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Multiport particle detection apparatus utilizing a plenum having a plurality of spatically separate channels in fluid combination |
IL108897A0 (en) * | 1994-03-08 | 1994-06-24 | Shimoni Yossi | Color meter |
DE19902319B4 (de) * | 1999-01-21 | 2011-06-30 | Novar GmbH, Albstadt-Ebingen Zweigniederlassung Neuss, 41469 | Streulichtbrandmelder |
DE10118913B4 (de) * | 2001-04-19 | 2006-01-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Streulichtrauchmelder |
ATE318000T1 (de) * | 2002-06-20 | 2006-03-15 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Brandmelder |
DK1376504T3 (da) * | 2002-06-20 | 2006-06-26 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Rögdetektor med spredt lys |
DE10353836A1 (de) * | 2003-11-18 | 2005-06-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brandmelder |
DE102004001699A1 (de) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-08-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brandmelder |
US7301641B1 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2007-11-27 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fiber optic smoke detector |
US7623028B2 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2009-11-24 | Lawrence Kates | System and method for high-sensitivity sensor |
US7151460B2 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2006-12-19 | Nokia Corporation | Electronic device having a proximity detector |
EP1732049A1 (de) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-13 | Siemens S.A.S. | Brand- oder Rauchmelder mit erhöhter Fehlalarmunterdrükungsleistung |
US20100039645A1 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2010-02-18 | Xtralis Technologies Ltd | Method and system for particle detection |
GB2464105A (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2010-04-07 | Thorn Security | A Particle Detector |
AU2009352856B2 (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2014-07-10 | Hochiki Corporation | Smoke sensor |
FR3030750B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-01-13 | Finsecur | Detecteur optique d'une valeur d'une grandeur physique de l'atmosphere representative d'un danger |
CN108140293B (zh) * | 2015-08-25 | 2020-04-14 | 日本芬翁股份有限公司 | 光电式烟雾传感器 |
CN107478552B (zh) * | 2016-06-07 | 2023-09-15 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | 油烟浓度传感器及其油烟浓度检测装置和检测方法 |
CN107016816B (zh) * | 2017-05-12 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江恒洲电子实业有限公司 | 烟雾探测器迷宫结构及其烟雾探测方法 |
EP3821413A1 (de) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-05-19 | Carrier Corporation | Faseroptische rauchdetektion in kammer |
CN111402540B (zh) | 2020-02-25 | 2021-08-24 | 王勇强 | 吸气式感烟火灾探测装置、方法及设备 |
CN115223323B (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-05-23 | 深圳市千宝通通科技有限公司 | 光电式烟感传感器、烟感传感器自检方法及烟感报警器 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2331533A1 (de) * | 1973-06-20 | 1974-01-10 | Nittan Co Ltd | Rauchfuehler |
JPS527246A (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1977-01-20 | Toshiba Corp | Glass fiber for optical transmission |
BE881812A (nl) * | 1979-12-17 | 1980-06-16 | Cerberus Ag | Meldingsstelsel |
DE2951459C2 (de) * | 1979-12-20 | 1984-03-29 | Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden | Optische Anordnung für einen Rauchmelder nach dem Lichtstreuungsprinzip |
-
1983
- 1983-10-05 JP JP83503090A patent/JPS59501879A/ja active Pending
- 1983-10-05 US US06/606,828 patent/US4642471A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-10-05 DE DE8383902980T patent/DE3371828D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-10-05 EP EP83902980A patent/EP0120881B1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-10-05 WO PCT/CH1983/000111 patent/WO1984001650A1/de active IP Right Grant
-
1984
- 1984-05-22 NO NO842033A patent/NO842033L/no unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8401650A1 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014019172A1 (de) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mit einem kompensierenden optischen Messsystem |
DE102014019773A1 (de) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mittels des Displays eines Mobiltelefons |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS59501879A (ja) | 1984-11-08 |
EP0120881B1 (de) | 1987-05-27 |
WO1984001650A1 (en) | 1984-04-26 |
US4642471A (en) | 1987-02-10 |
DE3371828D1 (en) | 1987-07-02 |
NO842033L (no) | 1984-05-22 |
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