EP0118957B1

EP0118957B1 - Method for constructing a building, and building constructed in accordance with said method

Info

Publication number: EP0118957B1
Application number: EP19840200330
Authority: EP
Inventors: Henricus Nicolaas Joannes Van Drogenbroek
Original assignee: Bureau Bouwcoordinatie Nederland Bv
Current assignee: Bureau Bouwcoordinatie Nederland Bv
Priority date: 1983-03-11
Filing date: 1984-03-09
Publication date: 1988-12-28
Also published as: NL8300888A; EP0118957A2; DE3475809D1; EP0118957A3

Description

The invention relates to a method for constructing a building according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a building constructed in accordance with said method, according to the preamble of claim 4.
Such a method and building are known from US-A-3.721.056. At this known method and building the supporting constructions are made of horizontally interconnected vertical columns. Thereby an open frame structure is formed, wherein at the level of each bearing floor a free passage in the horizontal direction is provided as long as the houses are not installed. A staircase-well is provided at the outside of the frame structure together with the vertical line shaft.
The invention aims to provide a method and building of the above-mentioned type in which the staircase-well is integrated in the building construction in a favourable manner.
To this end, the method and building according to the invention are characterized by the characterizing parts of claims 1 and 4, respectively.
In this manner, the building will be divided in compartments in horizontal direction by the staircase-wells which is very favourable in view of general fire regulations.
The described building shows the advantage that each house can be removed from the building in a simple manner so that, for example at fire-damage in a house, said house can be taken away and be replaced immediately by a new house. At a change of the needs of the users, it further is possible to easily adapt the houses to the new needs. Because each house already is provided with its own supporting floor, upstanding walls and a ceiling, the heat and sound insulation of the house are very good.
The sound insulation between houses lying above each other can be improved if blocks having a felt layer are provided between the floor of each house and the corresponding supporting blocks.
The invention will hereinafter be further explained by reference to the drawings in which an embodiment of the building according to the invention is shown.

Fig. 1 is a schematical partially shown cross-section of an embodiment of the building according to the invention.
Fig. 2 schematically shows a cross-section of the building of fig.1 according to the line II-II.
Fig. 3 shows a floor-plan of two houses with adjacent supporting constructions.
Fig. 4 partially shows a cross-section of a section of a house during placing the same.

Fig. 1 partially shows a cross-section of a building comprising three stories. The building shown includes a plurality of supporting constructions 1, only two of which can be seen in fig. 1. The supporting constructions 1 lie at a distance from each other and extend along the whole depth and height of the building as appears from fig. 1 and 2. The supporting constructions 1 which are built up from prefabricated concrete elements for example, each are supported on a corresponding main foundation 2.
Between two adjacent supporting constructions 1 a bearing floor 3 is provided on the first and second story, which bearing floor is made of prestressed hollow floor elements. The bearing floor 3 of the upper story supports on supporting blocks 4 one house 5 composed of four sections 6 coupled with each other. The bearing floor 3 of the first story supports on supporting blocks 4 two houses 7, 8 each composed of two sections 6.
At the ground story two houses 9, 10 are provided between the two supporting constructions 1, wherein the house 9 is composed of three sections 6 and the house 10 consists of one section. The houses 9, 10 are partially supported on the main foundation 2 and partially supported on a secondary foundation 11. It is noted that as an alternative it is possible to provide a self- supporting floor at the ground story between the supporting constructions 1, whereby a business accommodation, for example a shop, can be formed at the ground story.
As appears from fig. 3, a house may also include a portion of a section 6 so that a number of house types can be formed.
Preferably, the sections 6 have a width of 270 cm, while the inside depth of the sections 6 amount up to ± 1080 cm. At the embodiment shown, the distance between two adjacent supporting constructions 1 amounts up to 1080 cm so that four sections can be accommodated between two adjacent supporting constructions 1. The distance between two adjacent supporting constructions 1 can be varied between 270-1350 cm in steps of 270 cm, as desired.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3 each section 6 comprises its own supporting floor 12, upstanding walls 13 and a ceiling 14 and thus forms an independent unit which can completely be prefabricated in a factory so that the sections 6 can be supplied to the building site as prefabricated units.
The supporting structure of the building shown, which consists of the supporting constructions 1 and the intermediate bearing floors 3 and the secondary foundations 11, is completely separated from the houses of the building. Said supporting structure can be built up from prefabricated concrete elements in a known manner.
The construction of the building described takes place as follows:
When the piling is done in.a usual manner and the foundation is poured, the supporting constructions 1 are built up on the corresponding main foundations 2. Between two adjacent supporting constructions 1 bearing floors 3 are provided for the first and next stories. Supporting blocks for supporting the houses are placed upon these bearing floors. Subsequently two guiding rails 15 extending in the depth direction of the building are placed at the location of a section 6 to be mounted, which guiding rails 15 rest upon adjusting blocks 16 (see fig. 2 and 4). The section 6 to be mounted is placed with its supporting floor 12 upon a frame 17 equipped with wheels 18 on both sides. By means of a crane or the like, the frame 17 with the section 6 is put with its wheels 18 upon the guiding rails 15 projecting out of the building, whereafter the frame is rolled into the building. The frame 17 is provided with schematically indicated jacks 19, by means of which the section 6 can be raised with respect to the frame so that blocks 20 with a felt layer 21 can be mounted between the supporting blocks 4 and the floor 12 of the section, upon which blocks 20 the section 6 is lowered subsequently. Thereafter, the frame 17, the guiding rails 15, and the adjusting blocks 16 can be removed again.
The sections 6 of the houses at the ground story can be placed in a corresponding manner wherein, however, the guiding rails are supported by brackets (not shown) which are carried by supporting blocks 22, 23 of the main foundation 2 an the secondary foundation 11, respectively.
When the sections 6 are mounted at a story between two supporting constructions 1, the joints between the sections belonging to one house can be finished, whereafter the work within the house is ready. Further, the houses can be provided with a usual face boarding at the building site.
The houses further have to be connected to the electricity supply, the sewerage and the like. To this end, main lines (not shown) for electricity, sewerage and the like are led through vertical line shafts 24 in the supporting constructions 1. Each house on the first and next stories are connected to these main lines by means of connection lines (not shown), which are led through the space between the floor 12 of the house and the bearing floor 3 to the line shafts 24 in a simple manner. The houses at the ground story can be connected to the main lines extending under these houses at any location.
From the above it will be clear that the work to be done at the building site is restricted to a minimum. Especially the labour intensive finishing of the houses can be avoided completely because the houses are supplied to the building site in the form of fully prefabricated sections.
Because the houses are composed of one or more sections, many house types can be manufactured in the factory. Moreover, it is possible to remove a house from the building, for example when the house is seriously damaged by fire. At a change of the needs of the user, the houses may easily be adapted to the new needs.
For the houses at the first and second stories a balcony 25 is suspended between the adjacent supporting constructions. The balconies 25 are preferably made from prestressed concrete elements.
At the building shown in the drawings each supporting construction 1 is made as a staircase-well, through which staircase-well the separate houses are accessible. As shown in fig. 3, storages 26 for the adjacent houses are provided in the staircase-wells. Further, cupboards 27 for utility meters are mounted in the staircase-wells, in which cupboards the usual meters of the public utilities are accommodated.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2 the supporting constructions 1 between which the houses are lying support a roof 28 which is built up from plastic panels having a width of 240 cm for example, which plastic panels are made in a factory and only have to be mounted in site. Each supporting construction 1 also supports a corresponding roof 29.
From the cross-section of fig. 2 it appears that the houses of the successive stories are staggered in the depth direction of the building. At one side of the building the balconies 25 project and at the other side of the building the bearing floors 3 project outwardly with respect to the underlying houses. Moreover, the roof 28 projects outwardly at both said sides with respect to the underlying houses. By this staggered construction the direct sun irradiation of the houses during the hot periods of the year is substantially reduced.
It is noted that the sound insulation between the houses, in particular in vertical direction is extremely well because the houses are suspen- dently placed.
As the sections can be manufactured in a factory under ideal circumstances it is also possible to pay good attention to the heat insulation of the houses. Preferably, the sections are manufactured according to the wood construction method, wherein a rockwool insulation layer with a thickness of 95 mm is applied in the walls, the ceiling and the floor.
By the application of the method described buildings of different types can be constructed. It is possible to construct both buildings with houses and office buildings and the like. Because the connection lines can be led freely through the space under the floor of the sections the designer of the building is completely free in designing the houses or offices.
Further, the building shows the advantage that if the building is made as a gallery flat, the gallery can be suspended between each two adjacent supporting constructions at the level of the corresponding bearing floor in order to prevent passing people from looking in.
The invention is not restricted to the above- described embodiment which can be varied in a number of ways within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Method for constructing a building with two or more stories, of which at least the first story comprises one or more houses, wherein at least two supporting constructions (1) extending along the whole depth and height of the building are erected at a distance from each other each on a corresponding main foundation (2), wherein at least for the first and next stories a bearing floor (3) is provided between two adjacent supporting constructions (1), wherein fully prefabricated houses (5, 7, 8) each having its own supporting floor (12), upstanding walls (13) and a ceiling (14) are placed on supporting blocks (4) on the bearing floors (3), wherein main lines for electricity, sewerage and the like are led through vertical line shafts (24) and each house (5, 7, 8) is connected to these main lines by means of connection lines which are led through the space between the floor of the house and the bearing floor, characterized in that each supporting construction (1) is made as a staircase-well, wherein the vertical line shafts (24) are provided in the thus made supporting constructions (1).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that each house (5, 7, 8) is composed of one or more prefabricated sections (6), wherein the sections of one house are joiningly placed on the bearing floor (3) and are coupled with each other.

3. Method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that prefabricated houses (9, 10) are also provided at the ground story between adjacent supporting constructions, which houses are partially borne on the main foundation (2) and partially on a secondary foundation (11).

4. Building constructed by the method of anyone of the preceding claims, comprising two or more stories, of which at least the first story comprises one or more houses (5, 7, 8), at least two supporting constructions (1) extending along the whole depth and height of the building and lying at a distance from each other, each of said supporting constructions being supported on a corresponding main foundation (2), wherein at least for the first and next stories a bearing floor (3) is provided between at least substantially each two adjacent supporting constructions (1), while each bearing floor (3) supports at least one house (5, 7, 8) on supporting blocks (4), said house (5, 7, 8) having its own supporting floor (12), upstanding walls (13) and a ceiling (14), wherein connection lines of each house (5, 7, 8) for electricity, sewerage and the like are led to a vertical line shaft (24) through the space between the floor of the house and the bearing floor (3) for connection to corresponding vertical main lines, characterized in that the supporting constructions (1) each consist of a staircase-well built up from concrete elements, through which staircase-well substantially all houses (5, 7, 8) on both sides of the staircase-well are accessible, wherein said vertical line shaft (24) is formed in the supporting constructions.

5. Building according to claim 5, characterized in that each house (5, 7, 8) is composed of one or more sections (6) coupled with each other.

6. Building according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that blocks (20) having a felt layer (21) are provided between the floor (12) of each house (5, 7, 8) and the corresponding supporting blocks (4).

7. Building according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that two houses (7, 8) are provided on one or more stories between at least substantially each two adjacent supporting constructions (1).

8. Building according to anyone of the claims 4-7, characterized in that one or two houses (9, 10) are provided at the ground story between substantially each two supporting constructions (1).

9. Building according to claim 8, characterized in that the houses (9, 10) at the ground story are partially supported on a secondary foundation (11).

10. Building according to any one of the claims 4-9, characterized in that the houses (5,7,8) of the successive stories are staggered with respect to each other in the depth direction of the building in such a manner that at one side of the building the balconies (25) and at the other side of the building the bearing floors (3) project outwardly with respect to the underlying houses.