EP0105504B1 - Method and device for dismantling floor slab forms - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A method of dismantling floor slab forms comprising units (2) composed of a plurality of form panels which in particular are adapted to be joined at the side edges, said units being gripped from underneath with a lifting appliance (1), detached from the composite construction of the floor slab formwork, lowered, swivelled and laid down, characterized in that after having been detached from the floor slab formwork the units (2) of form panels are partly lowered by at least half of their expanse extending parallel to a swivel axis (6), are turned with their underside on top and afterwards are finally laid down, and are dismantled on their reverse side now directed upwardly.

Description

Method and device for Disassembly of slab formwork

The invention relates to a method for disassembling formwork units consisting of a plurality of formwork panels, which can be assembled in particular at the edges, from ceiling formworks, which are accessed with a hoist, released from the composite formwork of the ceiling formwork, pivoted down, and set down. The invention further relates to a device for stripping ceilings, in particular for carrying out the above-mentioned method, with a hoist with a height-adjustable arm or the like. At the free end of which a pivotable holder for detecting shuttering panel units consisting of a plurality of shuttering panels is arranged.

From DE-A-17 59 423 a method and a device for striking formwork of concrete ceilings is already known, in which a stripping device detects formwork parts, lowers and tilts into an inclined position so that the entire device can then be moved into the open through door openings . However, there is the problem that only relatively small units of formwork panels can be detected so that they still fit through a door and can be handled, particularly disassembled, in their inclined position. Furthermore, the device is designed as a vertically variable length mast, which has a holder for the formwork panels at its end. Such a support mast, which can often be extended in the longitudinal direction over considerable heights, is not only difficult to manufacture, but is also sensitive on the sliding surfaces of the telescopic rods which can be pushed into one another.

In addition, complex working cylinders and / or spindles are required in order to achieve a correspondingly large height adjustment. At the same time, this support, which can be extended vertically in its longitudinal direction, must be very stable if sufficiently large formwork parts are to be able to be gripped and even tilted without the sensitive, mutually guided parts of the longitudinally adjustable support suffering. Above all, dismantling an inclined formwork wall is problematic and also dangerous. On the other hand, it is not possible to completely put down the formwork parts fastened to the height-adjustable support without further aids, because this support has a minimum height when retracted.

It is therefore the task of creating a method and a device of the type mentioned at the beginning with which the formwork can be carried out quickly and safely on the one hand, while maintaining the advantage of removing larger formwork parts composed of formwork panels from the ceiling , with which simple and harmless disassembly of these formwork parts is possible.

To achieve this object, the method according to the invention consists in the fact that the shuttering units are partially lowered after being removed from the slab formwork, at least by half of their extent parallel to a pivot axis, and are turned upside down and then finally deposited. Now they can be dismantled on their upward rear side, whereby no gravity, supporting forces or the like is any longer effective on the formwork panel unit. There is also no danger to the person performing the disassembly, since the formwork panels are already on the floor.

A device for stripping ceilings, in particular for carrying out the above-mentioned method with a hoist with a height-adjustable arm or the like, on the free end of which a pivotable holder is arranged for detecting formwork units consisting of several formwork panels, can be characterized according to the invention in that the height-adjustable arm is designed as a pivotable cantilever arm and the holder for the panel units is in turn pivotally mounted. With such a cantilever arm it is very easy to bridge a great height, on the other hand, however, this arm does not need to be adjusted in its longitudinal direction for lowering, so that it does not have any correspondingly complex machine parts, guides and the like. Like. Must contain. Also, such cantilever arms can be designed to be sufficiently rigid to be able to handle the corresponding weights, while, at the same time, due to the one-sided pivot bearing of such a cantilever arm. B. enough space for the reversing movement according to the invention is created in a middle position below the free end, which is not given on a vertical support arm.

• Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht und
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht einer erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem aus einer horizontalen bis in eine etwa vertikale Position schwenkbaren Auslegerarm, der an seinem dem Schwenklager gegenüberliegenden freien Ende eine Halterung für Schaltafeleinheiten aufweist, wobei diese Halterung um etwa 180° schwenkbar ist,
• Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform mit einem Auslegerarm und einer Halterung, die bei der Verschwenkung des Auslegerarmes ihre etwa horizontale Position beibehält,
• Fig. 4 eine Stirnansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 mit einer Seitenansicht einer zugehörigen Wendevorrichtung,
• Fig. 5 eine Stirnansicht der der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 und 4 zugehörigen Wendevorrichtung, in der Schalungsteile ablegbar und umwendbar sind, sowie
• Fig. 6 in schaubildlicher Darstellung einen Lagerbolzen an eine Schiene od. dgl., die an abgesenkten Schaltafeleinheiten vor dem Umwenden anbringbar ist, sowie das Gegenlager, welches an der Wendevorrichtung gemäß den Figuren 4 und 5 für den Eingriff dieses Bolzens vorgesehen ist.

Embodiments of the invention both with regard to the method and, above all, with regard to the device are the subject of dependent claims 2, 3 and 5 to 22 and are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing in several exemplary embodiments with their essential details and advantages. It shows:

• Fig. 1 is a side view and
• 2 shows a plan view of a device according to the invention with a cantilever arm which can be pivoted from a horizontal to an approximately vertical position and which has a holder for panel units at its free end opposite the pivot bearing, this holder being pivotable by approximately 180 °,
• 3 shows a side view of a modified embodiment with a cantilever arm and a holder which maintains its approximately horizontal position when the cantilever arm is pivoted,
• 4 shows an end view of the device according to FIG. 3 with a side view of an associated turning device,
• 5 is an end view of the turning device associated with the device according to FIGS. 3 and 4, in which formwork parts can be deposited and turned over, and
• Fig. 6 in a graphical representation of a bearing pin on a rail or the like, which can be attached to lowered formwork units before turning, and the counter bearing, which is provided on the turning device according to Figures 4 and 5 for the engagement of this pin.

A device designated as a whole with 1 is used for stripping and at least for preparing the dismantling of formwork panels 2 of a slab formwork, whereby it should be avoided that the individual formwork panels must be released from the formwork assembly in a dangerous manner at great heights.

The device 1 according to the invention has a pivotable cantilever arm 4, which is therefore adjustable in height with its free end 3, and which has a holder 5 for the control panels 2, which in turn is pivotably mounted on its free end 3. 1 and 4 it is indicated how a formwork consisting of several formwork panels 2 is attached to this holder 5.

To remove the formwork, the cantilever arm 4 can be placed vertically or almost vertically, while the holder 5 maintains its approximately horizontal position and can reach under a formwork area. Now couplings or other fasteners can be actuated, after which the formwork panel unit to be released is separated at its edges from the rest of the formwork. For this purpose, in comparison to the total connection points of the formwork panels 2, only relatively few connections have to be made at a greater height. Thereafter, the entire formwork panel unit can first be partially lowered by pivoting the cantilever arm 4 downward, namely by at least half of its extent parallel to the pivot axis 6 of the cantilever arm 4. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the pivotable holder 5 can then be turned around in this position independently of the extension arm 4 by approximately 180 °, so that the underside of the control panels 2 is turned upwards. Then the formwork panel unit can be finally put down by further lowering the cantilever arm 4 and dismantled on the upward-facing rear side. A large part of the disassembly takes place in a safe position on the floor.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 it is therefore provided that the formwork unit consisting of several formwork panels 2 is turned directly on the hoist 1 after a partial lowering and then finally lowered. The holder 5 as a holding head or the like. The cantilever arm 4 is pivotable by at least 180 ° relative to a horizontal position in order to be able to carry out the desired complete reversal. The pivot axis 6 of the cantilever arm 4 and that of the holding head 5 are arranged in parallel in the exemplary embodiment. However, it would also be conceivable that the holding head 5 can be turned around an axis which extends approximately in the direction of the cantilever arm 4.

In Fig. 3, a hoist is shown in which the holding head 5 is carried by an at least two-arm boom 4 a, the two bars 7 have parallel pivot axes and lead to a parallel displacement of the holding head 5 when pivoting the entire arm 4 a.

In both exemplary embodiments, pivoting means in the form of working cylinders 8 are provided for the cantilever arm 4 or 4 a and the holding head 5, but these can also be designed as lifting spindles. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the pivoting means for the extension arm 4 on the one hand and the holding head 5 on the other hand can be actuated independently of one another, while in the embodiment according to FIG of the holding head 5 leads, whereby this maintains the aforementioned parallel position.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, adaptation to different heights is difficult and can expediently be accomplished by a mounting table 5 b which can be attached to the holding head 5 in a height-adjustable manner. In contrast, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, simpler adaptability is possible in that the extension arm 4 is adjustable in length, in particular can be extended telescopically. Compared to a vertical support arm that can be extended telescopically to reach the ceiling, this extension option need not be provided with such careful tolerances and, above all, not with drive means. Rather, nested pieces of pipe with cross holes 10 and corresponding cross bolts can be used, so that overall a very simple device is created, in which heights of different sizes can be taken into account in a simple manner. In addition, the holding head 5 can engage with its central support 5 a, for example by means of a thread 11 adjustable in height, on a shoulder 12 of the pivot bearing 13 at the free end 3 of the cantilever arm 4. As a result, height adjustments lying within the spacings of the perforations 10 can be carried out.

In both exemplary embodiments, it can be seen that the pivotable cantilever arm 4 or 4 a is mounted on a frame 14 which is respectively movable in the exemplary embodiment, this movable frame 14 having steerable wheels 15, preferably provided with caster. As a result, after removing a formwork panel unit, a change of location is also possible in order to move the formwork panel unit to a place that is as favorable as possible for disassembly bring. In addition, there is the possibility of taking the removed formwork panel unit to another area of a construction site and of using it as part of the ceiling formwork again without dismantling.

Moreover, it should be mentioned that with the help of the device 1 according to the invention, the shuttering of ceilings can be facilitated under certain circumstances by mounting larger panel units on the floor and then using the device 1 to detect them, turn them over and bring them into position.

The device 1 according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 includes, according to the invention and according to a feature of the invention of its own worthy protection, a turning device 16 shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, which is arranged in the region of the swing-out arm 4 a and supports or Has receiving openings 17 for pivot pins 18 attachable to the panel units 2. One of the supports 17 and a pivot pin 18 are shown separately in FIG. 6.

This turning device 16, which is also part of the invention and on which formwork panel units 2 can also be placed with the aid of a device 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, is formed by a scaffold consisting of two independent parts, which has a chassis 19 with preferably steerable wheels 20 is provided. Thus, after being set down in this turning device 16, a formwork panel unit 2 can also be transferred to another location and finally dismantled there or be used again.

In addition, the turning device 16 itself as well as the lifting device of the device 1 can be easily adapted to the different locations at which stripping or possibly stripping work must be carried out.

The device according to the invention includes the rail 21, clearly shown in FIG. 6, which can be attached to the panel edges of the panel unit 2 to be handled, with a bolt 18 projecting from the panel 2 parallel to the formlining, such rails 21 with bolts 18 each at two opposite edges are to be attached, which then fit into corresponding receiving openings or supports 17 of the turning device 16. If, for example, two such turning devices 16 are juxtaposed, the bolts 18 projecting from one another can be inserted into the corresponding supports 17, so that the panel unit can then be turned. The pivot pins 18 which can be attached to the formwork panels 2 have at their free end a head 21 a which can engage behind the end face of the receiving openings 17 in the use position. This becomes clear on the basis of FIG. 6 in connection with FIG. 4, where the arrangement of a suspended formwork panel unit 2 is indicated in the upper area in dashed lines.

The pivot pins 18 can have on their head 21 a and / or on their area 22 facing away from the head a cone directed towards the support 17, which causes an automatic centering between the pin 18 and the turning device 16 when inserted. Here, too, it is advantageous that the two turning devices 16, which together receive a formwork panel unit, are mobile, because they can follow the forces exerted by the cone and gravity well.

The supports or receiving openings 17 of the turning devices 16 are height-adjustable and preferably adjustable and fixable by means of working cylinders 23. In order to get by with a relatively small stroke on the working cylinder 23, it is provided in the exemplary embodiment that the supports 17 for the pivot bolts 18 of the turning devices 16 are guided such that they can be adjusted in height in a turning frame 24 and that 17 tension elements 25, in particular chains, act on these supports Lead via an upper deflection wheel 28 to the movable part, namely the piston rod 27 of the working cylinder 23. If this working cylinder is now actuated, the stroke movement is practically doubled compared to its stroke, and the supports 17 can also be lowered to the floor below the highest position of the piston rod. The chain 25, which is anchored at a medium height, for example, to a plate 28, then hangs downward in the retracted position of the working cylinder via the correspondingly now lower deflection wheel 26.

The working cylinders 23 and also 8 of the turning devices 16 and the pivotable cantilever arm 4 can be actuated with a hand pump, so that the entire device is independent of any power connections.

In order to be able to conveniently place a formwork panel unit 2 on two turning devices 16 and at the same time to keep the design effort, but also the space requirement for these turning devices 16 as low as possible, the turning devices 16 in the exemplary embodiment consist of two scaffolds which can be set up in mirror symmetry and can be moved independently of one another, the facing feet 29 or the like. Bearings with the wheels 20 which fit under the cantilever arm 4 or 4 a of the hoist 1. These feet 29 are lower than z. B. a squared timber or the like. So that 29 squared lumber can be placed parallel to these support feet, on which the formwork unit 2 detected by these turning devices 16 can be finally deposited after turning. The turning devices 16 can then be pulled out on both sides and moved away and used for further use. When using such turning devices 16 so Panel units 2 with the hoist 1 first placed on these turning devices 16, turned on them and then finally lowered. The turn itself can be done practically by hand because the formwork units can be rotated very easily due to the centrally arranged bolts 18. The bolts 18 can be fastened with the aid of keyhole-type perforations 30 which match corresponding perforations on the front edges of the formwork panels 2 and allow the use of the same fastening elements with which the formwork panels 2 can also be coupled to one another.

Overall, there is a method and a device with which, above all, ceiling formwork can be dismantled, with a large part of the dismantling advantageously being able to be shifted onto the flat floor, so that the dismantling of these formwork panels 2 is harmless and simple. The device according to the invention is not satisfied with lowering and tilting the switchboard from a greater height, but rather, due to the special design of the device, allows it to be completely turned around, as a result of which the attachment points are easily accessible after being put down, but no supporting forces, holders or the like. more are required, since the formwork panels lie safely on the floor.

By using a swiveling boom arm or a turning device, apparently contradictory requirements are met at the same time, on the one hand to be able to lower formwork units that are as large as possible, but to be able to completely turn them over and put them down so that they can be taken apart in a safe position on the floor.

A great advantage of the device according to the invention is also that, with the aid of the pivotable holder 5, switchboards can also be removed from or attached to a switched wall, the holder then being used pivoted by 90 ° with respect to the illustration in FIG. 1. In addition, in the case of formwork in which formwork panels are optionally suitable for ceilings and walls, the formwork panels can be removed directly from the wall and lifted into the area of the ceiling. Thus, the device according to the invention not only simplifies the removal and removal of formwork from ceilings, but also, in particular, relatively high walls, and the upper formwork panels of a wall can be immediately implemented in order to form a ceiling located above it.

Claims (22)

1. A method of dismantling floor slab forms comprising units (2) composed of a plurality of form panels which in particular are adapted to be joined at the side edges, said units being gripped from underneath with a lifting appliance (1), detached from the composite construction of the floor slab formwork, lowered, swivelled and laid down, characterized in that after having been detached from the floor slab formwork the units (2) of form panels are partly lowered by at least half of their expanse extending parallel to a swivel axis (6), are turned with their underside on top and afterwards are finally laid down, and are dismantled on their reverse side now directed upwardly.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that after having been partly lowered, the units (2) of form panels are turned directly on the lifting appliance (1) and are than finally lowered.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the units (2) of form panels are laid down by the lifting appliance (1) onto a turnover device, are turned on said device and are then finally lowered with the same.

4. An apparatus for stripping the formwork from floor slabs, in particular for performing the method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, comprising a lifting appliance (1) with a vertically adjustable arm (4, 4a) or the like, there being disposed at the free end of said arm a holding device capable of swivel motion for taking hold of units (2) composed of a plurality of form panels, characterized in that the vertically adjustable arm takes the form of a jib (4, 4a) capable of swivel motion and the holding device for the units (2) of form panels is, in turn, swivel-mounted.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the holding device in the form of a holding head (5) or the like of the jib (4) can be swivelled through at least 180° relative to a horizontal position.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the swivel axis (6) of the jib (4) and the swivel axis (13) of the holding head (5) are parallel.

7. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the holding head (5) is supported by an at least two-spar jib (4a), the two spars (7) of which have parallel swivel axes and lead to a parallel displacement of the holding head (5) when the jib (4a) is swivelled.

8. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that swivelling means, in particular working cylinders (8), elevating screws or the like are proviaed for the jib (4, 4a) and the holding head (5), said swive!ling means being independently or simultaneously operable.

9. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the jib (4) is adjustable in its length, in particular is telescopically extensible.

10. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the holding head engages a projection (12) of its swivel bearing (13) in a vertically adjustable and fixable manner, in particular by way of a thread (11).

11. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the jib (4,4a) capable of swivel motion is mounted on a preferably mobile frame (14).

12. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the mobile frame (14) of the jib has steerable wheels (15) preferably having castor action.

13. The apparatus for performing the method claimed in claim 3, characterized by a turnover device (16) which is disposed in the region of the swingable jib (4a) and has seats or receiving openings (17) for swivel bolts (18) or the like adapted to be applied to the unit (2) of form panels.

14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the turnover device is formed by a supporting structure or the like which possibly consists of two independent parts and is preferably provided with an undercarriage (19) having wheels (20), in particular steerable ones.

15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14, characterized by including a bar (21) adapted to be applied to the edges of the form panels with bolts (18) or the like projecting from the form panels parallel to the formwork face, said bolts fitting into the receiving openings (17) of the turnover device (16).

16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13 or claim 15, characterized in that the swivel bolts (18) adapted to be applied to the form panels have in each case at their free end a head (21 a) which in the position for use engages behind the end face of the receiving openings (17).

17. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that on their head (21 a) and/or on their zone (22) averted from the head the swivel bolts (18) have a cone which is directed to the seat (17) and which, when being inserted, brings about an automatic centering between the bolt (18) and the turnover device (16).

18. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the seats (17) of the turnover device (16) are vertically adjustable, preferably being controllable and fixable by means of working cylinders (23).

19. The apparatus as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the seats (17) for the swivel bolts (18) of the turnover device (16) are guided so as to be vertically adjustable in the turnover frame (24) and that said seats (17) are engaged by pulling means (25) in particular chains, which lead via an upper guide wheel (26) to the movable part (27) of the working cylinder (23).

20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 18 or claim 19, characterized in that the working cylinders of the turnover device and/or of the jib capable of swivel motion are operable with a hand pump or the like.

21. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the turnover device (16) consists of two supporting structures which are disposed in axial symmetry to each other, are movable independently of each other and have feet (29) directed towards each other or similar supports, in particular with wheels (20), said feet fitting under the jib (4, 4a) of the lifting appliance (1).

22. The apparatus as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that the feet (29) or the like are lower than squared timber or the like.

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