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EP0190633A1 - Dispositif chargeur d'étiquettes pour étiqueteuse et procédé pour échanger des magasins de recharge - Google Patents

Dispositif chargeur d'étiquettes pour étiqueteuse et procédé pour échanger des magasins de recharge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190633A1
EP0190633A1 EP86101038A EP86101038A EP0190633A1 EP 0190633 A1 EP0190633 A1 EP 0190633A1 EP 86101038 A EP86101038 A EP 86101038A EP 86101038 A EP86101038 A EP 86101038A EP 0190633 A1 EP0190633 A1 EP 0190633A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magazine
receptacle
interchangeable
labels
slide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86101038A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hermann Kronseder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19853503621 external-priority patent/DE3503621A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19853525035 external-priority patent/DE3525035A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19853536294 external-priority patent/DE3536294A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0190633A1 publication Critical patent/EP0190633A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65C—LABELLING OR TAGGING MACHINES, APPARATUS, OR PROCESSES
    • B65C9/00—Details of labelling machines or apparatus
    • B65C9/08—Label feeding
    • B65C9/10—Label magazines
    • B65C9/105—Storage arrangements including a plurality of magazines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H1/00—Supports or magazines for piles from which articles are to be separated
    • B65H1/30—Supports or magazines for piles from which articles are to be separated with means for replenishing the pile during continuous separation of articles therefrom

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magazine device for labels or the like in labeling machines, with a main magazine supplying the labels by means of a feed device to a removal point, an associated receptacle for an aligned, exchangeable change magazine, which has an entry opening on one long side for a filled change magazine and on another side has an outlet opening for an empty interchangeable magazine, a storage conveyor track accommodating a plurality of interchangeable magazines adjoining the inlet opening.
  • a magazine device of the type just mentioned is known from DE-OS 21 53 169.
  • the interchangeable magazines have a rectangular cross section and are fed to the receptacle transversely to their longitudinal extent in the horizontal direction. When emptying, they are aligned with the main magazine. They are then removed from the device through the outlet opening on the longitudinal side opposite the inlet opening. Measures to fix the change magazine in the holder are not specified. The same applies to the automation of the exchange process.
  • a magazine device is already known in which the main magazine made up of container rails is considerably shorter than the trough-shaped receptacle or a trough-like change magazine inserted into it (DE-OS 23 03 547).
  • the change magazine takes over the guidance of the labels in the area of the receptacle until they pass through
  • This known magazine device is barely longer than a conventional label container and is extremely compact, so that multiple arrangements in labeling machines for multiple labeling of bottles are no problem.
  • the known magazine device also enables a noticeable relief for the operator, since he can refill several thousand labels at once with a single operation.
  • the division of the magazine device into a main magazine which is firmly connected to the labeling machine and which takes over the very important guidance of the labels shortly before the removal, and an exchangeable magazine which takes over the less important guidance of the labels in the rear region of the magazine device enables the use of the most varied of changing magazines to those that serve as packaging or transport containers between the label manufacturer and the label consumer.
  • a magazine device for labels with a main magazine firmly connected to a labeling machine and an interchangeable magazine of approximately the same length is already known, in which the recording is formed by a turntable arranged behind the main magazine (DE-OS 21 45 508).
  • the turntable is equipped on its circumference with a large number of interchangeable magazines, which can also serve as transport containers, and after the emptying of the interchangeable magazine aligned with the main magazine, is rotated by an angular step by the feed device designed as a slide, so that a filled interchangeable magazine behind it Main magazine comes to rest. In this way, the operator of the labeling machine can be relieved and the exchange process can be largely automated.
  • a disadvantage of this known magazine device is the enormous design effort and space required for the turntable and its drive and control, which also complicates a multiple arrangement in the context of multiple labeling of bottles or the like.
  • This device has therefore not found its way into practice.
  • it is important that a storage device for holding several filled change magazines does not significantly shorten the total time for adding the labels by the operator, since each individual change magazine is still filled with labels or, if used as a transport container, removed from the outer packaging and must be freed of any transport locks before it can be used in the storage device or the turntable.
  • the time between two filling processes on the storage device ie the buffer time in which the operator can carry out various other work, is decisively extended. It is obvious that the label processing companies are not willing to use relatively high investment costs for this increase in the buffer time alone.
  • the invention has for its object to relieve the operator significantly in a magazine device of the type mentioned with simple means and while largely maintaining the compact design and to create the possibility of automating the exchange process for a removable magazine.
  • a larger number of filled change magazines can be kept on standby on the storage conveyor track, the filled operator being able to put on filled change magazines at any time.
  • a filled change magazine is inserted into the entry opening from the side and at the same time the empty change magazine is ejected through the exit opening on the opposite side, preferably through direct contact with the subsequent filled change magazine.
  • the rigid stop acting on the labels or the retractable stop acting on the exchangeable magazine ensures that the new exchangeable magazine assumes its correct lateral position in which it is aligned with the main magazine.
  • the ejection of the empty change magazine is not hindered by the special design of these attacks.
  • the exchange process can therefore be carried out extremely quickly and easily both manually and automatically.
  • the length of the magazine device is not increased by the storage conveyor track and the increase in width also remains within limits with a sufficient capacity of 6 to 10 filled change magazines.
  • no special transport device is required for the ejected empty interchangeable magazine; the ejection can instead take place directly into a collecting container or the like.
  • the magazine device thus remains free of larger attachments on the side of the outlet opening and is easily accessible here.
  • the storage conveyor track is oriented vertically.
  • the storage conveyor track has an essentially vertically arranged storage shaft, within which the interchangeable containers are stacked one above the other with their longitudinal extent aligned.
  • the required footprint of the storage shaft is hardly larger than that of an exchangeable magazine. Nevertheless, almost any capacity can be achieved by appropriately dimensioning the height of the storage shaft.
  • the advance of the change magazines in the storage shaft from the inlet opening to the outlet opening is effected solely by their own weight, so that no special transport devices with a long stroke are required for this purpose.
  • the design effort and thus the investment costs for the storage shaft are very low.
  • a fully automatic mode of operation can be accomplished with simple means.
  • the memory can be used in magazine devices of various types, regardless of how the changeable magazines are inserted into the receptacle, how they are fixed in the receptacle and how the empty changeable magazines are removed from the receptacle. It also doesn't matter whether the Maga tinning device is operated manually or works more or less automatically. In any case, the vertical storage shaft with the interchangeable magazines stacked on top of one another enables an enormous stock of labels directly inside the magazine device.
  • the focus is also on reducing the space requirement, ensuring safe operation and, at the same time, minimizing the control processes when taking in a filled change magazine, emptying it or ejecting the empty change magazine.
  • This advantageous development is characterized in that the outlet opening for empty interchangeable magazines is arranged on the rear end of the receptacle facing away from the removal point, and in that a feed device acting against the feed direction for the labels is provided for an interchangeable magazine seated in the receptacle.
  • the invention also includes a method for exchanging the change magazines.
  • an empty change magazine is not ejected in the same direction as the insertion of a full change magazine, but there is an approximately right-angled change in the direction of movement. Space is therefore only required on one long side of the receptacle for feeding the full change magazines; the opposite side remains free.
  • the empty change magazines can therefore be easily collected at this point.
  • an optimal lateral fixation of the change magazines is now possible on the free longitudinal side of the receptacle, which has no influence on the course of the ejection movement.
  • the magazine device according to FIGS. 1 to 5 is integrated in a bottle labeling machine, not shown, in which the labels 48 are removed from a stationary stack by glued pallets 47 will. It has a main magazine 16 constructed from a frame 49 and a plurality of container rails 50, which feeds the labels 48 exactly to the removal point. Two bottom-side container rails 50 and lower, lateral container rails 50 are extended away from the removal point with respect to the others, as a result of which an engagement space for the two label slides 32 and 33 is formed.
  • the rear end faces 31 of the elongated container rails 50, which are further away from the removal point, also serve as a stop for an interchangeable magazine 3 and define its front end position in a receptacle 1 that is firmly connected to the main magazine 16. This receptacle 1 is directly connected to the rear end of the Main magazine 16 and has a horizontal base plate 11.
  • two cams 13 are provided in the area of the outlet opening 7, which engage laterally on the exchangeable magazine 3 and are retractable under the bottom of the receptacle 1 by means of an actuator 15.
  • the emptying position of the interchangeable magazine 3 is limited by the guide rail 14, which extends over the entire length of the receptacle 1 and on the labels 35 stacked in the interchangeable magazine 3
  • This guide rail 14 is shown in dash-dot lines in FIGS. 3 and 5.
  • the fixation by the guide rail 14 is only effective as long as there are labels in the exchangeable magazine 3. It is not possible with all forms of labels and change magazines. On the other hand, it makes it possible to dispense with movable cams 13 or the like in certain cases.
  • the change magazines 3 serve as transport containers in the present case and are made of cardboard. They are trough-shaped and provided on one end with a wall which has a cutout 51 for a label pusher 33. The other end face is open and provided with side tabs 52 and a lower tab 46.
  • the tabs 46 and 52 serve to better hold the labels in the interchangeable magazine both during transport and during insertion into the receptacle 1 of the magazine device.
  • the tabs 46 and 52 open automatically, the lower tab 46 laying on the lower container rails 50 and thus ensuring a trouble-free transition of the labels from the exchangeable magazine 3 into the main magazine 16.
  • the stops 31 engage in the front area of the interchangeable magazine 3 that is free of tabs.
  • This interchangeable magazine 3 is already filled with labels by the label manufacturer, with additional protection, e.g. is provided in the form of a shrink film. This shrink film is removed before insertion into the magazine device.
  • the magazine device has two independent label slides 32 and 33, both of which can be moved in the feed direction.
  • It is slidably mounted on a rod 53 arranged above the receptacle 1, which on the one hand on the frame 49 and on the other hand on a bearing block 54 attached is, which in turn sits at the rear end of the receptacle 1.
  • a spring roller 36 is mounted on the bearing block 54, on which a first rope is fastened and wound up. This rope leads via a deflection roller (55) mounted on the frame 49 to the main slide 33 and is fastened there.
  • the spring roller 36 thus causes the normal E label feed in a conventional manner.
  • a cable drum 35 which is connected to a drive motor 56, is also mounted on the bearing block 54.
  • the rope wound or fastened on this rope drum 35 is also fastened directly to the main slide 33 at the other end. With the cable drum 35 and the drive motor 56, the label pusher (33) can thus be moved against the force of the spring drum 36 in a direction opposite to the feed direction back to its rear end position.
  • the other label pusher 32 the so-called auxiliary pusher, only covers the rear part of the main magazine 16. Its two wings, which engage the labels next to the main pusher 33, are pivotally mounted on a carriage 57 transversely to the feed direction.
  • the carriage 57 is guided in channel-shaped profiles on the underside of the main magazine 16 by means of four wheels 58 exactly in the feed direction.
  • It is attacked by a double-acting compressed air cylinder 34, through which the auxiliary slide 32 can be driven either in or against the feed direction.
  • Another double-acting pneumatic cylinder 37 is inserted between the counter arms of its two wings, by means of which the auxiliary slide 32 can be brought into or out of engagement with the labels 48 in the main magazine 16.
  • the outlet opening 7 of the receptacle 1 is followed by a simple collecting device 18 for the ejected empty change magazines 3, consisting of a short, downward slideway with a holding bracket.
  • This collecting device 18 forms, together with the other elements of the magazine device described so far, such as main magazine 16, receptacle 1, main slide 33, auxiliary slide 32, etc., a coherent structural unit.
  • This unit is height adjustable by means of two cross members 60 on two vertical columns 61 of the labeling machine stuck.
  • the columns 61 are in turn part of a label trolley (not shown) which, in order to control the label removal from the removal position in which the pallets 47 remove the foremost label 48 from the main magazine 16, can be moved into a neutral position slightly removed from the orbit of the pallets 47.
  • a slideway 8 which is perpendicular to the direction of advance of the labels 48 and has a horizontal slide plate 19 with two parallel lateral guide plates 42.
  • the slideway 8 can accommodate a plurality of interchangeable magazines 3 lying parallel to the feed direction with mutual contact.
  • the guide plates 42 ensure an exact alignment of the change magazines 3 and also prevent the labels 48 from falling out or being damaged on their end faces.
  • the sliding plate 19 lies in one plane with the sliding surface-like bottom of the receptacle 1, so that the change magazines 3 can pass from the slideway 8 into the receptacle 1 without hindrance.
  • the guide plate 42 which is closer to the removal point, is aligned with the stops 31 of the receptacle 1 for the front end face of an exchangeable magazine 3, so that no disabilities can occur at this point either.
  • the trough-shaped slideway 8 is completely open in order not to hinder the insertion of the filled - change magazines 3. These can thus be inserted into the slideway 8 from above and / or behind. The latter is particularly important when several magazine devices are arranged one above the other, for example when breast and torso labels are applied to bottles at the same time.
  • the slideways 8 can be formed in the same way as also differently designed storage devices derbahnen be provided on opposite sides of the receptacle 1.
  • the receptacle 1 can have an additional guide bar 62 for the interchangeable magazines 3 at the rear area, which counteracts tilting and ensures that the interchangeable magazine 3 "hits" the outlet opening 7 when it is ejected.
  • the slideway 8 also has two sliders 27 which are movable in their longitudinal direction and which are mounted in a rotationally fixed but displaceable manner on a rod 63 arranged laterally to the guide plates 42.
  • the rods 63 in turn are rotatably mounted and are each connected to a rotary piston engine 29. This allows them to be swiveled by approx. 90% and fixed in the two end positions.
  • the slides 27 are designed such that they engage in the one angular position of the rods 63 over the guide plates 42 into the interior of the slideway 8 and rest against the rear of the change magazines 3. In the other end position (indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG.
  • each slider 27 which closes a deflecting roller 64 mounted on the end of the rod 63 adjacent to the receptacle 1 and from there runs back to a cable drum 65 where it is fastened.
  • the two cable drums 65 are fastened on a common shaft 66 which is rotatably mounted at the rear, open end of the slideway 8 and is connected to a motor 26.
  • the two slides 27 can thus be synchronized by the motor 26 in the direction of replenishment, i.e. towards the recording 1, are driven. The movement against the direction of replenishment takes place with the aid of spring elements 67.
  • the slides 27 are designed in such a way that in one end position they protrude slightly into the receptacle 1 or entry opening 2, so that the last of the change magazines 3 stored on the slide track 2 is reliably completely completely until it hits the cams 13 in the receptacle 1 can be introduced.
  • a sensor 38 for example in the form of a reflective light barrier, is attached to the presence of labels 48. As soon as the sensor 38 no longer registers labels 48, it emits a signal. This indicates that the interchangeable magazine 3 inserted in the receptacle 1 has been completely emptied and the rear end of the stack of labels has reached the rear end of the main magazine 16.
  • the signal can be used, for example, to activate an alarm device. to alert the operator in the case of manual replacement.
  • a limit switch 39 which provides a signal when the Hau p tschieber 33, as shown in Fig. Occupies its rear end position.
  • This end position has a certain distance from the rear end face of an inserted magazine 3, so that the exchange of this magazine 3 is not hindered by the main slide 33.
  • Another limit switch 40 fastened in the rear area of the receptacle 1 responds when an interchangeable magazine 3 assumes its removal position defined by the cams 13.
  • a control member 41 is attached to the slide 8, which responds to the presence of filled change magazines 3 on the slide 8.
  • the control element 41 is formed, for example, by a light barrier aligned obliquely above the sliding plate 19.
  • the sensor 38, the two limit switches 39, 40 and the control member 41 are connected to a control device 69 (FIG. 15) which, in the manner described below, automatically carries out the exchange of a change magazine 3 without interrupting the label feed and thus the label removal.
  • This process is initiated by a signal from the sensor 38 after the exchange magazine 3 has been emptied.
  • the two wings of the auxiliary slide 32 are then pivoted into the movement path of the labels 48 by the pneumatic cylinder 37 from the neutral position indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 4 the auxiliary slide 32 is moved by the pneumatic cylinder 34 from its rear end position at the end of the main magazine 16 in the feed direction until it hits the back of the stack of labels (see FIG. 1).
  • the auxiliary slide 32 now takes over the label feed, driven by the pneumatic cylinder 34.
  • the main slide 33 is then pulled back into its rear end position (see FIG. 1) with the aid of the motor 56 against the force of the spring roller 36.
  • the execution of this process is confirmed by the limit switch 39.
  • the cams 13 are simultaneously briefly lowered by the actuating members 15, for example pneumatic cylinders, and the slides 27 are set in motion by the motor 26 in the replenishment direction.
  • the filled interchangeable magazine 3 in front of the inlet opening 2 is pushed through the inlet opening into the receptacle 1, at the same time pushing the empty interchangeable magazine 3 out of the receptacle 1 through the outlet opening 7. There is therefore no separate drive for the empty change magazine.
  • the cams 13 are raised again before the empty change magazine 3 has been completely ejected. This may be raised briefly, but this does not have a disruptive effect, on the contrary, it speeds up the ejection of the empty exchange magazine. It is important that the cams 13 protrude again into the outlet opening 7 before the filled change magazine 3 arrives, since they stop the movement of the filled change magazine 3 in the direction of replenishment and ensure the exact fixation of the change magazine 3 in the receptacle 1 in its removal position.
  • the engine 26 is then switched off. This is preferably designed as a pneumatic motor, so that even a long standstill under pressure is not harmful.
  • the fixation of the newly used change magazine 3 on the side of the Entry opening 2 occurs solely by its own weight or by the blocking action of the other change magazines 3 located on the slide 8, with which it is in contact.
  • the main slide 33 is now brought to the rear of the new stack of labels in the exchangeable magazine 3 by the motor 56 reversing under the action of the spring roller 36. He now takes over the label feed again. Thereupon, the auxiliary slide 32 is moved laterally out of the path of movement of the labels with the aid of the pneumatic cylinders 37 and 34 and then moved back into its starting position.
  • the exchange process is now complete. Intervention by the operator is not necessary here.
  • the labels on the front end of the change magazine 3 which has served as a transport container on the way from the label manufacturer to the label consumer, are secured against falling out by the tabs 46 and 52 during insertion into the receptacle 1. These tabs are only opened when the labels are led out of the changing magazine 3 by the main slide 33 and connected to the auxiliary slide 32 or, after its removal, to the remaining stack of labels in the main magazine 16.
  • the interchangeable magazine 3 cannot participate in this longitudinal movement, since its front end edge bears against the stops 31 on the lateral container rails 50.
  • the folded-down lower flap 46 then lies on the two lower container rails 50 and thus enables the labels to transition from the exchangeable magazine 3 into the main magazine 16 in a trouble-free manner.
  • the control element 41 can serve to alert the operator to the emptying of the slide 8 with the aid of an alarm device. It can also serve to partially automate the reloading of the slideway 8, by causing the slides 27 from their normal working position, in which they engage a change magazine 3, into the position shown in FIG. 2 after each replacement of a change magazine 3 Neutral position indicated by dash-dotted lines is pivoted out, returned in this position to its rearward end position, pivoted back into its normal working position and then moved again in the feed direction until it strikes an exchangeable magazine 3.
  • the operator therefore only has to fill a sufficient number Place change magazines 3 individually or together on the slide plate 19 at any time, regardless of the position of the slide 27. At the given time, the newly set up change magazines 3 are automatically included in the replenishment of the change magazine 3 when the slide 27 is returned as described above.
  • the magazine device according to FIGS. 6, 7 and 9 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 to 5 in the design of the slideway 8 'and the exchangeable magazine 4.
  • the slideway 8' here has a frame 70 with a U-shaped cross section, which carries a plurality of lateral and lower slide rails 43.
  • the interchangeable magazines 4 made of sheet metal with a U-shaped cross section are open on both end faces and are provided on the side walls with projections 44 which engage between the side slide rails 43.
  • protruding tabs 45 are provided on the bottom, which protrude under the lateral slide rails 43. In this way, the labels 48 are optimally guided in the interchangeable magazines 4 on their end faces and secured against falling out.
  • the change magazines 4 do not serve as transport containers, but are only filled by the label consumer, e.g. with a correspondingly long label stick held together by an adhesive strip.
  • the lower tab 45 on the side of the main magazine 16 is bent slightly upwards so that it can rest on the two lower container rails 50 when it is inserted into the receptacle 1.
  • the change magazines 4 are in turn fixed in the longitudinal direction by the stops 31 on the two lateral container rails 50.
  • the two slides 28 of the magazine device according to FIGS. 6 and 7 are designed like ratchet pawls and are pressed downwards by springs 30 into their working position, in which they engage with their vertical end face pointing in the direction of the axis of thrust at the upper edge of the interchangeable magazine 4.
  • the slides 28 are automatically raised by their inclined sliding surface against the force of the springs 30, so that they cannot exert any force on the change magazines 4.
  • a special control for the working or neutral position of the slide, as is done in the magazine device according to FIGS. 1 to 5 by means of the motors 29, is thus not mandatory.
  • the two slides 28 are each slidably mounted on two parallel guide rods 71 on the side of the slide 8 '.
  • change magazines 5 according to FIG. 10 can also be used for breast labels without major changes. It is only necessary to adapt the cross section of the main magazine 16 and the label slides 32 and 33 to the shape of the labels.
  • the interchangeable magazines 5 consist of cardboard blanks, the ends of which are inserted into one another in the middle of the base area after folding. On the two end faces, tabs 46 are provided for holding the labels during transport and when inserting them into the receptacle 1.
  • the slide plate 20 of the slide 9 is inclined by an angle of approximately 20 and the bottom of the receptacle 1 'by an angle of 45 with respect to the horizontal. It is thereby achieved that the interchangeable magazines 6 with the labels 48 in the form of square film blanks for the filming of bottle necks are moved in the feed direction by the slope drive and are inserted into the receptacle 1 'when the cams 13 are withdrawn from the outlet opening 7. In addition, it is achieved that the labels 48 rotated in the horizontal normal position of an interchangeable magazine 6 by 45 relative to their processing position are automatically tilted into the appropriate processing position when inserted into the receptacle 1 '.
  • the interchangeable magazines 6 are here equipped with side walls of different lengths and capture the labels 48 over part of their height. It is therefore again possible to fix the change magazines 6 or labels 48 in the receptacle 1 'by means of a rigid guide rail 14.
  • the storage conveyor track 10 a horizontal lifting table 21, which can be moved up and down by a cylinder 73 and held at any height.
  • a pallet 74 with several layers of filled change magazines 3 into the storage conveyor track 10, which are separated from one another by horizontal intermediate layers 75 made of cardboard.
  • These intermediate layers 75 form a slideway, so to speak, when the change magazines 3 of the top layer in each case are moved in the direction of replenishment or are inserted into the receptacle 1.
  • the replenishment movement is effected, for example, by slides 27, not shown, corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the cylinder 73 is controlled by a limit switch 76 which scans the top layer of interchangeable magazines 3 in such a way that the top intermediate layer 75 lies with the receptacle 1 in a common plane.
  • the guide rail 14, which laterally engages the labels 48 in the receptacle 1 is mounted so that it can move laterally and cooperates with a limit switch 17. If there are no labels 48 in the receptacle 1, the guide rail 14 projects somewhat into the receptacle 1 under the influence of its own weight or a spring element (not shown).
  • the guide rail 14 recedes into the end position indicated by dash-dotted lines, in which the interchangeable magazine 3 is aligned with the main magazine 16.
  • the limit switch 17 emits a signal. It thus has the same effect as the limit switch 40 in FIG. 1 and can be connected to a control device 69.
  • the storage conveyor track 11 has two endless belts 23 arranged parallel in the direction of replenishment, which run over deflection rollers 22.
  • the forming belt 23 immediately before recording 1, so that it can be moved to control the label take together with the Hau p tmagazin 16 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the deflection rollers 22 can all be freely rotatable. In this case, additional slides 27 or the like are required for the transport of the filled change magazines 3, the belts 23 ensuring a low feed force.
  • the belts 23 can also be driven directly by the motor 26, for example by being connected to the rear deflection rollers 22 in a rotationally fixed manner. In this case, the replenishment of the change magazines 3 is accomplished directly by the belts 23 leap.
  • the outer surface of the belt 23 can be made smooth and low-friction. In this case, exact control of the motor 26 is not necessary since the belts 23 can slip under the change magazines 3. However, it is also possible to equip the outside of the belts with drivers 77 indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. In this case, exact control of the motor 26 is necessary or a slip clutch is switched on between the motor and the deflection rollers 22.
  • the S p Eicher conveyor track a walking beam conveyor 12 with two fixed, arranged in supply direction parallel support rails 78 and two movable, arranged in supply direction parallel walking beams 25.
  • the support rails 78 lie in one plane with the receptacle 1 and slide the filled change magazines 3 on.
  • the lifting beams equipped with drivers 24 can be raised and lowered by means of two pneumatic cylinders 79 and can be moved back and forth by means of a further pneumatic cylinder 80 in and against the feed direction. If a replenishment of a change magazine 3 is required, the lifting beams 25 are moved from the rest position shown in FIG.
  • the walking beams 25 are guided in a longitudinally movable manner on the pneumatic cylinders 79 by means of rollers 81, while between the pneumatic cylinders 80 and the walking beams a link guide 82 which enables the walking beams 25 to move vertically is switched on.
  • the change magazines have different lengths, depending on the type of label.
  • the operator then has to make sure that the change magazines in the storage conveyor track rest as far as possible with their removal-side end face on the corresponding lateral guide wall 42.
  • the rear guide wall 42 can also be arranged so as to be adjustable transversely to the direction of replenishment, possibly together with the associated slide 27 and its drive and guidance.
  • the length of the supplied label bars corresponds to the length of an interchangeable magazine in order to optimally utilize its capacity and to facilitate the filling of the interchangeable magazines.
  • the labels are preferably held together during transport by an adhesive strip or a shrink film wrapping.
  • a correspondingly designed interchangeable magazine 4 ' is shown in FIG. 16. This interchangeable magazine 4' is relatively low, so that an adhesive strip 83 holding the labels 48 together during transport is quickly and easily removed by the operator after inserting a label bar into the interchangeable magazine 4 ' can.
  • the interchangeable magazine 4 ' can be provided, for example, with an adjustable rear end wall or an interchangeable insert.
  • Another possibility is to attach at least one of the lateral guide rails 43 of the slide 8 'to the frame 70 so that it can be adjusted transversely to the direction of replenishment.
  • the 1 simplest method to compensate for label rods of different lengths is that the operator fills up the remaining space at the rear end of a label rod inserted into a change magazine 4 'by means of loose labels provided for this purpose.
  • the direction of advance of the labels 48 is indicated by an arrow 59 and the direction of advance of the change magazines 3 to 6 by an arrow 84 in the drawings.
  • the invention is of course not limited to the above-described designs of magazine devices. So z. B. the cams 13 may also be arranged in a fixed manner and instead engage the actuating members 15 on the bottom of the interchangeable magazines 3 in such a way that they are raised somewhat during ejection and can thus slide over the cams 13.
  • a lateral fixation for the exchangeable magazine in the receptacle 1 can also be provided in the area of the inlet opening 2, e.g. in the form of a step-like heel, so that the interchangeable magazines 3 sink to a somewhat lower level when inserted into the receptacle 1.
  • a pawl-like design of the stops is also possible.
  • a vertical storage shaft 85 is arranged, which essentially consists of a rectangular base plate 94 and four parallel angle rails 95 attached to it.
  • the bottom plate 94 lies in a horizontal plane with the base plate 11 of the receptacle 1 and forms, together with this, a slideway for the change magazines during the transverse transport from the storage shaft 85 into the receptacle 1.
  • the distance between the four angle rails 95 is such that this one between they are exactly in the normal horizontal position of use on the one hand, and on the other hand enable the change magazine to sink slightly under the influence of gravity.
  • the length of the four angular rails 95 is dimensioned, for example, such that the storage shaft 85 holds a total of six interchangeable magazines that are directly stacked on top of one another.
  • the storage shaft 85 is aligned in the longitudinal direction in such a way that the interchangeable magazines located in it are exactly parallel to the direction of advance of the labels in the receptacle 1.
  • An inlet opening 86 is formed on the upper end face of the storage shaft 85, through which the storage shaft 85 is refilled with horizontal change magazines.
  • An opening 87 is provided in the lower end region of the storage shaft 85 on the long side pointing towards the inlet opening 2 of the receptacle 1, through which the lowermost magazine on the base plate 94 can be moved out of the storage shaft 85 parallel to itself.
  • the opening 87 is essentially formed by the leg of the two corresponding angle rails 95 pointing towards the receptacle 1 in the lower one Area has been removed.
  • the upper free ends of the angle rails 95 are widened somewhat.
  • a horizontal pneumatic cylinder 96 is fastened transversely to the feed direction of the labels, the piston rod of which protrudes on the side facing away from the receptacle 1.
  • a block-like or beam-like slide 90 is attached to the piston rod, the flat, horizontal underside of which is slightly higher than the base plate 94 or can slide over it.
  • the actual, perpendicular abutting surface 92 is formed, which runs parallel to the direction of replenishment of the labels.
  • a horizontal blocking surface 91 is formed on the upper side of the slide 90, which lies slightly lower than the upper side of the lowest interchangeable magazine in the storage shaft 85.
  • An inclined control surface 92 is also formed between the abutting surface 92 and the blocking surface 91.
  • the slide 89 is dimensioned such that it can penetrate between the angle rails 95 into the interior of the storage shaft 85.
  • the slide 90 in its rest position shown in solid lines in FIG. 17 lies completely outside the storage shaft 85. If an exchange of the exchangeable magazine 3 seated in the receptacle 1 is required, the slide 90 is activated by correspondingly actuating the pneumatic cylinder 96 in the direction of the arrow Recording 1 moved. In doing so, he pushes the bottom change magazine with his abutment surface 92 gradually through the opening 87, the next change taking place magazine is initially supported only on the replacement magazine that has just been moved until the support surface 91 of the slide 90 also dips into the storage shaft 85.
  • the movement of the slide 90 continues until the lowermost changeable magazine has been completely led out of the storage shaft 85 and has been completely inserted into the receptacle 1 via the base plate 24 and base plate 11 acting as a slideway, ie until the labels on the guide rail 14 stop At the same time, the empty interchangeable magazine 3 is ejected through the opening 14.
  • the slide 90 assumes the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 17.
  • the following change magazines in the storage shaft 85 are prevented from sinking solely by the blocking surface 91 of the slide 90.
  • the slide 90 is now moved back into its rest position by the pneumatic cylinder 96, the downward movement of the subsequent exchangeable magazine beginning after the blocking surface 91 has emerged from the storage shaft 85, braked by the control surface 92.
  • the replenishment movement of the changing magazines in the storage shaft 85 thus takes place solely through Gravity.
  • the base plate 94 is provided with a corresponding recess.
  • the changeable magazine which is aligned with the main magazine, is fixed by the guide rail 14 since the labels lie there. If the interchangeable magazine 3 is completely emptied, the indirect fixation that is no longer required is automatically eliminated. The empty interchangeable magazine can be ejected from the receptacle 1 unhindered through the guide rail 14.
  • the magazine device according to FIGS. 18 to 22 is integrated in a bottle labeling machine of a conventional type, not shown, in which the labels 48 are removed from a stationary stack by glued pallets 47. It has a main magazine 16 constructed from a frame 49 and a plurality of container rails 50, which feeds the labels 48 exactly to the removal point.
  • the two bottom-side container rails 50 are extended away from the removal point relative to the others, as a result of which engagement space for the two label slides 33 and 32 is formed.
  • the rear, i.e. End faces of the extended lower container rails 50 pointing away from the removal side also serve as a stop for an interchangeable magazine 3 and define its front end position in a receptacle 1 which is firmly connected to the main magazine 16.
  • the receptacle 1 directly adjoins the rear end of the main magazine 16 and has a horizontal, plate-like base area.
  • an inlet opening 2 for filled exchangeable magazines 3 which is unlimited at the top is formed.
  • a lateral stop 14 is provided for the interchangeable magazines 3, which is formed by an upwardly bent leg of the horizontal base surface.
  • Each change magazine 3 consists made of sheet metal and is filled with new labels directly on the labeling machine.
  • two permanent magnets 98 are attached to the stop 14 and pull the metallic interchangeable magazines 3 against the stop 14.
  • the interchangeable magazines 3 can also be held on the stop 14 by the following filled interchangeable magazines 3 in the storage device described below.
  • the magazine device has two independent label slides 33 and 32, both of which can be moved in the feed direction.
  • One of them, the so-called main slide 33 covers the entire area from the main magazine 16 to the rear end of the receptacle 1 or an interchangeable magazine 3 located therein. It is slidably mounted on a rod 53 arranged on the side of the receptacle 1, which is fastened on the one hand to the frame 49 and on the other hand to a bearing block 54 which in turn is seated at the rear end of the receptacle 1.
  • a first spring roller 36 is mounted in the bearing block 54, on which a first rope 107 is fastened and wound up. This rope 107 leads via a deflection roller 55 mounted on the frame 49 to the main slide 33 and is fastened there.
  • the spring roller 36 thus effects the normal label advance in the direction of the arrow 59 in a conventional manner.
  • a cable drum 35 which is connected to a drive motor 56, is also mounted on the bearing block 54.
  • the second rope 108 wound and fastened on this rope drum 35 is fastened directly to the main slide 33 at the other end.
  • the label pusher 33 can thus be moved back to its rearward end position, against the force of the spring drum 36, in a direction opposite to the feed direction, indicated by the arrow 109, in which it completely clears the inlet opening 2.
  • the anti-rotation lock of the main slide 33. is done by a roller mounted on it, which runs on the upper edge of the stop 14.
  • the other label pusher 32 the so-called auxiliary pusher, only sweeps the rear part of the main magazine 16 in the region of the extended lower container rails 5n.
  • the slide 105 is movably guided parallel to the feed direction by means of two slide strips 110 on the main magazine 16. It has a backdrop-like opening on its underside, into which a stop bar 104 engages. This is fastened to a flat slide 103 which is movably arranged between the bottom of the main magazine 16 and the slide 105 and to which two swivel levers 106 are also articulated.
  • the two pivot levers 106 are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the hook-like wings of the auxiliary slide 32 and control their pivoting into the working position in which they engage on the back of the stack of labels located in the main magazine 16 (FIG. 21), or in the neutral position in which they are withdrawn from the path of the labels 48 (Fig. 22).
  • the piston rod of a compressed air cylinder 100 attached to the underside of the receptacle 1 engages the flat slide 103. If this is under pressure, it pulls the slide 105 into the rear end position against a stop, not shown, via the stop bar 104.
  • the wings of the auxiliary slide 32 are held in their neutral position via the swivel lever 106 (FIG. 22).
  • the flat slide 103 is pulled in the feed direction by a third rope 101 (arrow 59).
  • the cable 101 runs back over a deflection roller 102 on the underside of the frame 49 to a third spring roller 111 on the underside of the receptacle 1 in the rear end region.
  • the two wings of the auxiliary slide 32 are first pivoted into their working position via the pivot lever 106. Only then does the stop bar 104 hit the front boundary of the link in the slide 105 and attempts to move it in the feed direction (FIG. 21).
  • a separate drive element for the movement of the flaps or wings of the auxiliary slide 32 is therefore not necessary.
  • the sequence of movements is correspondingly reversed when the flat slide 103 is driven by the pressure medium cylinder 100 against the feed direction in the direction of the arrow 109. First, the two wings are pivoted into their neutral position and then the slide 105 is moved.
  • the receptacle 1 At the outlet opening 7 of the receptacle 1 there is a lower-lying collecting device 18 for the ejected empty change magazines 3 in the form of a container. So that the change magazines 3 do not immediately tip down during the ejection, the receptacle 1 is extended beyond the outlet opening 7 in the form of a guide 99. This is recessed in the bottom area in such a way that an exchangeable magazine 3 tilts sideways downward into the collecting device 99 after the holder 1 has left the holder 1 or shortly before.
  • the elements of the magazine device described so far such as main magazine 16, receptacle 1, main slide 33, auxiliary slide 32, etc., form a coherent structural unit.
  • This structural unit is clamped in height-adjustable manner on two vertical columns 61 of the labeling machine by means of two cross members 60.
  • the columns 61 are in turn part of a label trolley, not shown, which, in order to control the label removal from the removal position, in which the glue pallets 47 remove the foremost label 48 from the main magazine 16, can be moved into a neutral position slightly removed from the orbit of the pallets 47.
  • This has a storage conveyor track with a horizontal slideway 8, the parallel guides 42 for the two Has end faces of the change magazines or the labels located therein.
  • the slideway 8 lies in one plane with the horizontal base of the receptacle 1 and merges smoothly into it.
  • the filled change magazines 3 can therefore be transferred from the memory 112 into the receptacle 1 without hindrance in the direction of the arrow 84.
  • the insertion movement is inevitably ended by the impact of an interchangeable magazine 3 on the stop 14.
  • the store 112 On the front side facing away from the inlet opening 2 and upwards, the store 112 is completely open in order to enable the filled change magazines 3 to be inserted easily.
  • the memory 112 also has two slides 27 for the interchangeable magazines 3 in the form of resilient pawls, which are mounted on both sides of the slide 8 on two parallel, horizontal rods 6 3 so as to be displaceable and rotationally fixed.
  • the slides 27 are pressed into their working position by springs, in which they protrude into the movement path of the change magazines 3 on the slideway 8 and can engage on the side surface of the last change magazine.
  • the slides 27 are automatically pushed out of the path of movement of the change magazines 3 if there are further filled change magazines 3 behind them. A special movement control for the slide 27 is therefore not necessary.
  • the two sliders 27 are driven in the direction of replenishment (arrow 84) and in the opposite direction by a motor 26.
  • the motor 26 is designed as a brake motor so that an automatic retraction of the change magazines 3 on the slide 8 against the direction of replenishment cannot occur.
  • the two toothed belts 113 are endless and each run around a loose deflection roller, arranged in the area of the inlet opening 2, and via a drive roller driven by the motor 26, arranged in the rear end area of the slideway 8.
  • the slideway 8 of the memory 112 is separated from the receptacle 1 or its horizontal base surface by a narrow parting line and fastened on its own holding column 68. It therefore does not take part in the short longitudinal movement of the main magazine 16 with the receptacle 1 for controlling the label removal. Control of label removal takes place on. another way, for example by an intervention in the path of movement of the glue pallets 47, the parting line can of course be omitted and the slideway 8 can merge seamlessly into the receptacle 1 .
  • a lever-like, essentially vertically directed driver 97 is pivotally mounted at its upper end about a horizontal axis.
  • the driver 97 hangs down under the influence of its own weight. If the main slide 33 is located inside an exchangeable magazine 3 (FIG. 18), the driver 97, with its bevelled lower end face, grinds against the bottom of the exchangeable magazine 3, whereby it is slightly raised. If the main slide 33 completely emerges from the interchangeable magazine 3, the driver 97 falls completely downwards, since the interchangeable magazine 3 is guided slightly higher in the receptacle 1 by two rails 114 (FIGS. 19 and 20).
  • the driver 97 engages directly on the front end edge of the interchangeable magazine 3 and pushes it completely out of the receptacle 1 through the outlet opening 7 against the feed direction.
  • the ejected interchangeable magazine 3 initially moves exclusively in its longitudinal direction until, due to the special design of the guide 99, it tilts to the side and downwards. If the main slide 33 with the driver 97 is then moved again in the feed direction (arrow 59), it passes through the rear end face of the new, provided with a corresponding recess. filled change magazine 3, the driver 97 is automatically raised accordingly by the lower limit of this recess so that it slips over it.
  • the motor 56, the pressure medium cylinder 100 and the motor 26 are controlled automatically by a control device (not shown) in the sense of a continuous replenishment of the labels 48.
  • a total of four non-contact limit switches 115 to 118 are connected to this control device.
  • the first limit switch 115 gives a signal when the main slide 33 has completely moved out of the change magazine 3 in the receptacle 1 and this change magazine is thus completely empty.
  • the second limit switch 116 indicates that the main slide 33 has reached its rear end position in which it completely clears the entry opening 2.
  • the third limit switch 117 emits a signal when a change magazine 3 is exactly seated in the receptacle 1 in the removal position aligned with the main magazine 16.
  • the fourth limit switch 118 responds when the two slides 27 move their front, i.e. have reached the end position lying near the inlet opening 2 and the store 112 is thus completely empty.
  • the motor 56 is actuated and pulls the main slide 33 against the feed direction in the direction of arrow 109 back into its rear end position up to the stop on the bearing block 54 via the cable 108.
  • the empty change magazine 3 is thereby moved along by the driver 97 acting on its front end face Stop bar 14 pushed through the outlet opening 7 (Fig. 19).
  • This extension movement takes place transversely to the holding force of the permanent magnets 98 and is hardly affected by them. Rather, the permanent magnets 98 ensure that the empty interchangeable magazine 3 "hits" the outlet opening 7 exactly, or does not collide against one of the lateral boundaries 42 of the memory.
  • the empty interchangeable magazine 3 tilts sideways and downward from the guide 99 and falls into the collecting container 18.
  • the motor 26 is actuated and moves the two slides 27 in Direction of arrow 84.
  • the foremost full interchangeable magazine 3 is completely pushed into the receptacle 1 away from the slideway 8 until it hits the stop rail 14.
  • This insertion movement thus takes place transversely to the feed movement (arrow 59), while the ejection movement for the empty change magazine is exactly opposite to the feed direction he follows.
  • the limit switch 117 As soon as the full change magazine 3 has reached its removal position in the receptacle 1, this is reported by the limit switch 117.
  • the motor 26 is switched off; its braking effect contributes to the fixation of the change magazine 3 in the receptacle. Furthermore, by switching off the motor 56, the main slide 33 is moved in the feed direction by the first spring roller 36 until it rests on the back of the new label stack and now takes over the normal label feed again. Finally, the air cylinder 100 is pressurized. Thereby, over the flat slide 103 ⁇ and the lever 106die two flaps of the auxiliary slider 32außer engagement with the labels placed and thereafter the stop bar 10 4 and 105 moves the carriage back to its rearward stand-by position.
  • the magazine device is no higher than a normal label container. It is therefore easily possible to arrange several corresponding magazine devices closely one above the other, as is necessary in the case of multiple equipping of bottles, for example with body labels and breast labels. It is expedient to arrange one storage device on the left side and the other storage device on the right side of the respective receptacle. In this case, both stores are very easily accessible from above, while the empty change magazines of both magazine devices can be ejected undisturbed to the rear.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Labeling Devices (AREA)
EP86101038A 1985-02-02 1986-01-27 Dispositif chargeur d'étiquettes pour étiqueteuse et procédé pour échanger des magasins de recharge Withdrawn EP0190633A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3503621 1985-02-02
DE19853503621 DE3503621A1 (de) 1985-02-02 1985-02-02 Magazinvorrichtung fuer etiketten o.dgl. in etikettiermaschinen
DE19853525035 DE3525035A1 (de) 1985-07-13 1985-07-13 Magazinvorrichtung fuer etiketten oder dgl., insbesondere in etikettiermaschinen
DE3525035 1985-07-13
DE3536294 1985-10-11
DE19853536294 DE3536294A1 (de) 1985-10-11 1985-10-11 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum austauschen der wechselmagazine einer magazinvorrichtung fuer etiketten in etikettiermaschinen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0190633A1 true EP0190633A1 (fr) 1986-08-13

Family

ID=27192772

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86101038A Withdrawn EP0190633A1 (fr) 1985-02-02 1986-01-27 Dispositif chargeur d'étiquettes pour étiqueteuse et procédé pour échanger des magasins de recharge

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US4799605A (fr)
EP (1) EP0190633A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8801606A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0770029A1 (fr) * 1995-04-06 1997-05-02 Riverwood International Corporation Dispositif d'alimentation automatique en masses destine a un systeme de distribution de produit
WO1999003736A1 (fr) * 1997-07-15 1999-01-28 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co.) Procede et dispositif pour la manipulation de vignettes fiscales au cours de leur transfert sur des emballages, notamment de cigarettes

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US5190431A (en) * 1991-07-03 1993-03-02 Sym-Tek Systems, Inc. Separation and transfer apparatus
AT402393B (de) * 1994-03-28 1997-04-25 Knapp Holding Gmbh Kommissioniereinrichtung
DE4417497A1 (de) * 1994-05-19 1995-11-23 Eti Tec Maschinenbau Vorrichtung zum automatischen Befüllen des Hauptmagazins einer Etikettiermaschine, sowie in einer derartigen Vorrichtung verwendbares Vorratsmagazin
US5472114A (en) * 1994-07-11 1995-12-05 Riverwood International Corporation Turret magazine assembly
DE10056407A1 (de) * 2000-11-14 2002-05-23 Topack Verpacktech Gmbh Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Überführen eines Flächengebildes
ITBO20010360A1 (it) * 2001-06-06 2002-12-06 Gd Spa Unita' per l'applicazione di tagliandi a pacchetti in macchine confezionatrici
EP1314648B1 (fr) 2001-11-08 2003-06-04 KOSME S.r.l. Magasin automatique pour alimenter en étiquettes des étiqueteuses
JP4679269B2 (ja) * 2005-06-29 2011-04-27 株式会社東芝 紙葉類供給装置
CN113525843B (zh) * 2021-08-31 2024-11-15 秦皇岛中德实业有限公司 用于自动上标的冷胶贴标机的标盒推标机构

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DE2202525A1 (de) * 1972-01-20 1973-07-26 Jagenberg Werke Ag Vorrichtung zum ununterbrochenen zufuehren von etiketten in etikettiermaschinen
DE3305350A1 (de) * 1983-02-17 1984-08-23 Langguth GmbH & Co, 4400 Münster Etikettiermaschine

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US3915338A (en) * 1973-01-25 1975-10-28 Hermann Kronseder Method and apparatus for tray loading of labels into label magazines
DE2303547C3 (de) * 1973-01-25 1983-06-16 Kronseder, Hermann, 8404 Wörth Magazinvorrichtung für Etiketten bei Etikettiermaschinen
US3861543A (en) * 1974-01-21 1975-01-21 Gen Electric Box positioning apparatus and method for use thereof
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DE2153169A1 (de) * 1971-10-26 1973-05-03 Jagenberg Werke Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ununterbrochenen zufuehren von etiketten in etikettiermaschinen
DE2202525A1 (de) * 1972-01-20 1973-07-26 Jagenberg Werke Ag Vorrichtung zum ununterbrochenen zufuehren von etiketten in etikettiermaschinen
DE3305350A1 (de) * 1983-02-17 1984-08-23 Langguth GmbH & Co, 4400 Münster Etikettiermaschine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0770029A1 (fr) * 1995-04-06 1997-05-02 Riverwood International Corporation Dispositif d'alimentation automatique en masses destine a un systeme de distribution de produit
EP0770029A4 (fr) * 1995-04-06 1997-12-03 Riverwood Int Corp Dispositif d'alimentation automatique en masses destine a un systeme de distribution de produit
WO1999003736A1 (fr) * 1997-07-15 1999-01-28 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co.) Procede et dispositif pour la manipulation de vignettes fiscales au cours de leur transfert sur des emballages, notamment de cigarettes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5024348A (en) 1991-06-18
ES8801606A1 (es) 1988-02-16
ES551537A0 (es) 1988-02-16
US4799605A (en) 1989-01-24

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