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EP0183755B1 - Arc quenching device for electric apparatus with gas insulation - Google Patents

Arc quenching device for electric apparatus with gas insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0183755B1
EP0183755B1 EP85902573A EP85902573A EP0183755B1 EP 0183755 B1 EP0183755 B1 EP 0183755B1 EP 85902573 A EP85902573 A EP 85902573A EP 85902573 A EP85902573 A EP 85902573A EP 0183755 B1 EP0183755 B1 EP 0183755B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
contacts
arc chute
extinction device
circuit breaker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85902573A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0183755A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Jacques Walter
Daniel Petit
Jean Amalric
Georges Bernard
Joseph Marzocca
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Priority to AT85902573T priority Critical patent/ATE36920T1/en
Publication of EP0183755A1 publication Critical patent/EP0183755A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0183755B1 publication Critical patent/EP0183755B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is to improve the centering of the arc in a gas-insulated circuit breaker or switch, in particular self-expanding and / or rotating arc, and to increase the breaking performance of the circuit breaker.
  • the arc extinguishing device is characterized in that the divisional breaking chamber comprises, to the right of the contact separation zone, a left lateral surface with an envelope not adjusted for revolution, in particular convex or concave, so forming an acoustic resonator with centripetal reflection of the pressure waves, generating a convergence of the gases towards said separation zone, and that the separable contacts are arranged in the vicinity of the middle zone of said breaking chamber.
  • the wall of the breaking chamber has a spherical shape or a spherical sector such that the acoustic resonator has a vibration belly in the center of the sphere.
  • the breaking chamber has a shape of ellipsoid arranged, such that the contacts are located substantially at the level of the two hearths in the open position of the circuit breaker. This results in better centering of the arc, in particular in the vicinity of the electrodes.
  • At least one of the contacts can be equipped with a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil to cause the rotation of the arc inside the breaking chamber.
  • the wall of the breaking chamber is made of an insulating material, in particular based on epoxy resin, or any other material having a high reflection coefficient.
  • the SF 6 circuit breaker or switch is of the rotating arc type, but without autoexpansion, comprising a single sealed envelope along a pair of contracts separable and a magnetic blowing coil.
  • the arc extension zone is advantageously surrounded by an internal wall having the shape of a sphere or ellipoid, to ensure the centering of the arc along the longitudinal axis of revolution.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric circuit breaker 10 with a rotating arc and self-expanding, comprising an insulating casing 12, of cylindrical shape, closed at its opposite ends by bottoms 14, 16.
  • the casing 12 is tight and filled with electronegative insulating gas at high dielectric strength, such as sulfur hexafluoride.
  • a divisional interrupting chamber 18 serving as a housing for a contact system 20, 22 separable and coaxial.
  • the fixed contact 20 formed by a conductive tube 24 carried by the bottom 14, is equipped at its opposite end with an electrode 26 disposed opposite an annular contact surface 28 of the movable contact 22.
  • the latter comprises a support tube 29 mounted for axial sliding in the casing 12 while being integral with a control rod 30 which passes through a central opening 32 in the bottom 16 with the interposition of a seal 34.
  • a conductive braid 36 or any other flexible or sliding conductor provides the electrical connection between the tube 29 of the movable contact 22 and the bottom 16.
  • Connection terminals 36, 38 of the pole of the circuit breaker 10 are associated with the bottoms 14, 16, made of conductive material.
  • the two tubes 24, 29, fixed contacts 20 and movable 22 each have an internal axial exhaust duct 40, 42 and radial orifices 44, 46 allowing communication between the interior of the breaking chamber 18 and the remaining volume of the casing 12 constituting a discharge chamber 48.
  • the bottom 14 is provided with a first hole 50 closed by a closure plug 52, and a second cooperating hole 54 with a safety valve formed by a bursting disc 56 in the event of abnormal overpressure inside the casing 12.
  • the two aligned tubes 24, 29 pass through the wall 58 of the cutting chamber 18 to seal, and the annular contact surface 28 of the sliding tube 29, cooperates by abutment in the closed position of the circuit breaker with the electrode 26 of the tube 24.
  • the electrode 26 constitutes an annular track for migration of the arc root.
  • magnetic means in particular a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil 60 in the form of a cylinder, intended to generate a radial induction field in the zone of separation 62 of the contacts, for ensure the rotation of the arc.
  • the mechanical and electrical connection between the electrode 26 and the tube 24 is provided by a conductive sleeve 64 coaxially surrounding the coil 60.
  • the wall 58 of the divisional breaking chamber 18 has a left internal lateral surface with an envelope that is not adjusted in revolution around the contacts, in particular of convex or concave shape, so as to form an acoustic resonator with centripetal reflection of the waves. pressure inside the chamber 18.
  • the surface of revolution is advantageously spherical or hemispherical, such that the acoustic resonator has a vibration belly in the center of the sphere.
  • the annular electrode 26 of the fixed contact 20 and the mating contact surface 28 of the movable contact 22 are arranged in the vicinity of the center of the spherical chamber 18.
  • the wall 58 of the divisional chamber 18 is made of an insulating material, in particular based on epoxy resin, or any other material having a high reflection coefficient.
  • a deflector (not shown) made of metallic or refractory material can be placed against the internal face of the chamber 18, facing the separation zone 62 of the contacts.
  • the breaking chamber 18 is supported by fixing means 68 secured to the bottom 16, as well as by the tube 24 fixed to the opposite bottom 14.
  • the arc When the contacts 20, 22 are separated, at the center of the spherical breaking chamber 18, the arc extends in the breaking zone 62 and is rotated by the action of the magnetic field of the coil 60 or of the magnet.
  • the heat released by the rotating arc causes an increase in pressure inside the cut-off chamber 18, and a gas flow through the internal exhaust ducts 40, 42 of the contacts 20, 22 hollow towards the discharge chamber 48 in which the expansion of the compressed gas initially takes place in the breaking chamber 18.
  • the centripetal reflection of the pressure waves on the internal wall 58 of the spherical chamber 18 causes the gases to converge towards the separation zone 62 of the contacts , and contributes effectively to the centering of the arc.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of a circuit breaker 100, in which the same references designate parts identical to those of the device in FIG. 1.
  • the shape of the wall 58 of the breaking chamber 18 has been modified, and comprises a spherical sector 70 central to the right of the separation zone 62 of the contacts, extended by two opposite cylindrical portions 72, 74.
  • FIG. 3 represents another variant of circuit breaker 200 with self-expansion.
  • a pressure wave emitted in one of the homes F1 inside the ellipsoid is reflected by the wall 58 and focused at the other focal point F2. This results in excellent centering of the arc in the vicinity of the electrodes.
  • the circuit breaker 200 of fig. 3 has been shown without magnetic arc blowing means, but it is clear that it can be equipped with a coil or a permanent magnet ensuring the rotation of the arc.
  • the circuit breaker 10, 100, 200, according to one of FIGS. 1 to 3, can also be equipped with an auxiliary blowing device (not shown) with compression piston-cylinder, actuated during the movement of the movable contact 22 to send a jet of blowing gas towards the arc zone.
  • This pneumatic blowing device can be incorporated, either directly in the breaking chamber 18, or in the discharge chamber 48.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 show other variants of the breaking chamber 18, intended to produce focusing effects of the acoustic waves.
  • the focusing elements can be constituted by a succession of 90-plane mirrors (FIG. 4), staggered along a substantially elliptical curve, or by a juxtaposition of two opposite truncated cones 92, 94 (FIG. 5).
  • FIG. 6 the internal face of the wall 58 of the chamber 18 is notched by a plurality of notches 96, so as to form a Fresnel lens structure, capable of further improving the dielectric strength by increasing the creepage.
  • the focusing elements 90, 92, 94, 96, of the devices of FIGS. 4 to 6, come advantageously molding with the chamber 18 and constitute the internal face of the wall 58, but may also be constituted by independent parts 98 secured inside the chamber 18 against the wall 58.
  • the wall 58 is cylindrical, and the part 98 or deflector of the focusing element has the shape adapted to constitute the acoustic resonator.
  • the material of the part 98 may be different from that of the wall 58, so as to ensure its protection against pollution due to the arc, and to improve the creepage distance.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Arc quenching device for electric apparatus insulated with SF 6. A divisional breaking chamber (18) comprises a wall (58) with a convex lateral surface of revolution, particularly spherical, at right angle to the separation area (62) of the contacts (20, 22) so as to form an acoustical resonator with centripetal reflection of pressure waves, thereby generating a convergence of gases towards the centre of the sphere. At least one of the contacts is hollow and forms an exhaust conduit (40, 42) for the gases of the breaking chamber (18) towards a discharge chamber (48). Application: self-expansion SF 6 breaker.

Description

L'invention est relative à un dispositif d'extinction d'arc pour interrupteur ou disjoncteur électrique à autoexpansion et à isolement gazeux çomprenant:

  • - une enveloppe étanche remplie d'un gaz isolant à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment de l'hexafluorure de soufre,
  • - une chambre divisionnaire de coupure à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe,
  • - une paire de contacts séparables logés dans ladite chambre de coupure, l'un au moins des contacts étant creux,
  • - un conduit d' échappement du gaz de ladite chambre de coupure vers une chambre de décharge, dans laquelle s'opère l'expansion du gaz comprimé initialement dans la chambre de coupure, sous l'action de l'arc tiré entre les contacts séparés lors de l'ouverture du disjoncteur,
  • - et des bornes de raccordement, en liaison électrique avec lesdits contacts.
The invention relates to an arc extinguishing device for a self-expanding electrically isolated gas switch or circuit breaker including:
  • - a sealed envelope filled with an insulating gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride,
  • - a divisional interrupting chamber inside said envelope,
  • - a pair of separable contacts housed in said breaking chamber, at least one of the contacts being hollow,
  • - a gas exhaust pipe from said interrupting chamber to a discharge chamber, in which the expansion of the compressed gas initially takes place in the interrupting chamber, under the action of the arc drawn between the separate contacts when opening the circuit breaker,
  • - And connection terminals, in electrical connection with said contacts.

Un tel disjoncteur de l'art antérieur est décrit dans les brevets français 2 515 418 et 2 418 963 de la demanderesse. La chambre divisionnaire de coupure renfermant les contacts est formée par un carter de forme cylindrique. Des essais de coupure ont montré un certain décentrage de l'arc tiré entre les électrodes annulaires séparées des contacts. Ce problème de décentrage de l'arc provoque une augmentation du temps de coupure qui limite les performances de l'appareil.Such a circuit breaker of the prior art is described in French patents 2,515,418 and 2,418,963 of the applicant. The divisional interrupting chamber containing the contacts is formed by a cylindrical casing. Cut-off tests have shown a certain offset of the arc drawn between the annular electrodes separated from the contacts. This problem of off-center of the arc causes an increase in the breaking time which limits the performance of the device.

L'objet de l'invention consiste à améliorer le centrage de l'arc dans un disjoncteur ou interrupteur à isolement gazeux, notamment à autoexpansion et/ou à arc tournant, et à augmenter les performances de coupure du disjoncteur.The object of the invention is to improve the centering of the arc in a gas-insulated circuit breaker or switch, in particular self-expanding and / or rotating arc, and to increase the breaking performance of the circuit breaker.

Le dispositif d'extinction d'arc selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la chambre divisionnaire de coupure comporte au droit de la zone de séparation des contacts une surface latérale gauche à enveloppe non réglée de révolution, notamment convexe ou concave, de manière à former un résonateur acoustique à réflexion centripète des ondes de pression, engendrant une convergence des gaz vers ladite zone de séparation, et que les contacts séparables sont agencés au voisinage de la zone médiane de ladite chambre de coupure.The arc extinguishing device according to the invention is characterized in that the divisional breaking chamber comprises, to the right of the contact separation zone, a left lateral surface with an envelope not adjusted for revolution, in particular convex or concave, so forming an acoustic resonator with centripetal reflection of the pressure waves, generating a convergence of the gases towards said separation zone, and that the separable contacts are arranged in the vicinity of the middle zone of said breaking chamber.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la paroi de la chambre de coupure possède une forme sphérique ou un secteur sphérique tel que le résonateur acoustique présente un ventre de vibration au centre de la sphère.According to one embodiment of the invention, the wall of the breaking chamber has a spherical shape or a spherical sector such that the acoustic resonator has a vibration belly in the center of the sphere.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la chambre de coupure présente une forme d'ellipsoîde agencée, telle que les contacts se trouvent sensiblement au niveau des deux foyers en position d'ouverture du disjoncteur. Il en résulte un meilleur centrage de l'arc, en particulier au voisinage des électrodes.According to another embodiment, the breaking chamber has a shape of ellipsoid arranged, such that the contacts are located substantially at the level of the two hearths in the open position of the circuit breaker. This results in better centering of the arc, in particular in the vicinity of the electrodes.

Au moins un des contacts peut être équipé d'un aimant permanent ou d'une bobine électromagnétique pour provoquer la rotation de l'arc à l'intérieur de la chambre de coupure.At least one of the contacts can be equipped with a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil to cause the rotation of the arc inside the breaking chamber.

La paroi de la chambre de coupure est réalisée en un matériau isolant, notamment à base de résine époxyde, ou en tout autre matériau ayant un coefficient de réflexion élevée.The wall of the breaking chamber is made of an insulating material, in particular based on epoxy resin, or any other material having a high reflection coefficient.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention non représenté mais revendiqué à la revendication 10, le disjoncteur ou interrupteur à SF 6 est du type à arc tournant, mais sans autoexpansion, comprenant une enveloppe étanche unique de longement d'une paire de contracts séparables et une bobine de soufflage magnétique. La zone d'extension de l'arc est entourée avantageusement par une paroi interne ayant une forme de sphère ou d'ellipoïde, pour assurer le centrage de l'arc selon l'axe longitudinal de révolution.According to another embodiment of the invention not shown but claimed in claim 10, the SF 6 circuit breaker or switch is of the rotating arc type, but without autoexpansion, comprising a single sealed envelope along a pair of contracts separable and a magnetic blowing coil. The arc extension zone is advantageously surrounded by an internal wall having the shape of a sphere or ellipoid, to ensure the centering of the arc along the longitudinal axis of revolution.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de différents modes de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon l'invention, représenté en position d'ouverture,
  • - les figures 2 à 7 montrent une vue schématique en coupe partielle de plusieurs variantes de réalisation.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of different embodiments of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting examples and represented in the appended drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a view in axial section of a circuit breaker according to the invention, shown in the open position,
  • - Figures 2 to 7 show a schematic view in partial section of several alternative embodiments.

La figure 1 montre un disjoncteur 10 électrique à arc tournant et à autoexpansion, comprenant une enveloppe 12 isolante, de forme cylindrique, obturée à ses extrémités opposées par des fonds 14, 16. L'enveloppe 12 est étanche et remplie de gaz isolant électronégatif à rigidité diélectrique élevée, tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre. A l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 12 se trouve une chambre divisionnaire de coupure 18 servant de logement à un système de contacts 20, 22 séparables et coaxiaux. Le contact fixe 20 formé par un tube 24 conducteur porté par le fond 14, est équipé à son extrémité opposée d'une électrode 26 disposée en regard d'une surface de contact annulaire 28 du contact mobile 22. Ce dernier comprend un tube 29 support monté à coulissement axial dans l'enveloppe 12 en étant solidarisé à une tige de commande 30 qui traverse une ouverture 32 centrale du fond 16 avec interposition d'un joint 34. Une tresse 36 conductrice ou tout autre conducteur souple ou glissant assure la liaison électrique entre le tube 29 du contact mobile 22 et le fond 16. Des bornes de raccordement 36, 38 du pôle du disjoncteur 10 sont associées aux fonds 14, 16, en matériau conducteur.FIG. 1 shows an electric circuit breaker 10 with a rotating arc and self-expanding, comprising an insulating casing 12, of cylindrical shape, closed at its opposite ends by bottoms 14, 16. The casing 12 is tight and filled with electronegative insulating gas at high dielectric strength, such as sulfur hexafluoride. Inside the casing 12 there is a divisional interrupting chamber 18 serving as a housing for a contact system 20, 22 separable and coaxial. The fixed contact 20 formed by a conductive tube 24 carried by the bottom 14, is equipped at its opposite end with an electrode 26 disposed opposite an annular contact surface 28 of the movable contact 22. The latter comprises a support tube 29 mounted for axial sliding in the casing 12 while being integral with a control rod 30 which passes through a central opening 32 in the bottom 16 with the interposition of a seal 34. A conductive braid 36 or any other flexible or sliding conductor provides the electrical connection between the tube 29 of the movable contact 22 and the bottom 16. Connection terminals 36, 38 of the pole of the circuit breaker 10 are associated with the bottoms 14, 16, made of conductive material.

Les deux tubes 24, 29, des contacts fixe 20 et mobile 22 comportent chacun un conduit axial interne d'échappement 40, 42 et des orifices 44, 46 radiaux autorisant la communication entre l'intérieur de la chambre de coupure 18 et le volume restant de l'enveloppe 12 constituant une chambre de décharge 48. Le fond 14 est doté d'un premier trou 50 obturé par un bouchon de fermeture 52, et un deuxième trou 54 coopérant avec une soupape de sécurité formée par un disque 56 d'éclatement en cas de surpression anormale à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 12. Les deux tubes 24, 29 alignés traversent à étanchéité la paroi 58 de la chambre de coupure 18, et la surface de contact annulaire 28 du tube 29 coulissant, coopère par aboutement en position de fermeture du disjoncteur avec l'électrode 26 du tube 24. L'électrode 26 constitue une piste annulaire de migration de la racine d'arc.The two tubes 24, 29, fixed contacts 20 and movable 22 each have an internal axial exhaust duct 40, 42 and radial orifices 44, 46 allowing communication between the interior of the breaking chamber 18 and the remaining volume of the casing 12 constituting a discharge chamber 48. The bottom 14 is provided with a first hole 50 closed by a closure plug 52, and a second cooperating hole 54 with a safety valve formed by a bursting disc 56 in the event of abnormal overpressure inside the casing 12. The two aligned tubes 24, 29 pass through the wall 58 of the cutting chamber 18 to seal, and the annular contact surface 28 of the sliding tube 29, cooperates by abutment in the closed position of the circuit breaker with the electrode 26 of the tube 24. The electrode 26 constitutes an annular track for migration of the arc root.

Entre l'électrode 26 et le tube support 24 fixe sont disposés des moyens magnétiques, notamment un aimant permanent ou une bobine électromagnétique 60 en forme de cylindre, destinés à engendrer un champ d'induction radial dans la zone de séparation 62 des contacts, pour assurer la rotation de l'arc. La liaison mécanique et électrique entre l'électrode 26 et le tube 24 est assurée par une douille 64 conductrice entourant coaxialement la bobine 60.Between the electrode 26 and the fixed support tube 24 are arranged magnetic means, in particular a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil 60 in the form of a cylinder, intended to generate a radial induction field in the zone of separation 62 of the contacts, for ensure the rotation of the arc. The mechanical and electrical connection between the electrode 26 and the tube 24 is provided by a conductive sleeve 64 coaxially surrounding the coil 60.

Selon l'invention, la paroi 58 de la chambre divisionnaire 18 de coupure comporte une surface latérale interne gauche à enveloppe non réglée de révolution autour des contacts, notamment de forme convexe ou concave, de manière à former un résonateur acoustique à reflexion centripète des ondes de pression à l'intérieur de la chambre 18. La surface de révolution est avantageusement sphérique ou hémisphérique, telle que le résonateur acoustique présente un ventre de vibration au centre de la sphère. L'électrode 26 annulaire du contact fixe 20 et la surface de contact 28 conjuguée du contact mobile 22 sont agencés au voisinage du centre de la chambre 18 sphérique. La paroi 58 de la chambre divisionnaire 18 est réalisée en un matériau isolant, notamment à base de résine époxyde, ou en tout autre matériau ayant un coefficient de réflexion élevé. Un déflecteur (non représenté) en matériau métallique ou réfractaire peut être accolé contre la face interne de la chambre 18, en regard de la zone de séparation 62 des contacts. La chambre de coupure 18 est supportée par des moyens de fixation 68 solidarisés au fond 16, ainsi que par le tube 24 fixé au fond 14 opposé.According to the invention, the wall 58 of the divisional breaking chamber 18 has a left internal lateral surface with an envelope that is not adjusted in revolution around the contacts, in particular of convex or concave shape, so as to form an acoustic resonator with centripetal reflection of the waves. pressure inside the chamber 18. The surface of revolution is advantageously spherical or hemispherical, such that the acoustic resonator has a vibration belly in the center of the sphere. The annular electrode 26 of the fixed contact 20 and the mating contact surface 28 of the movable contact 22 are arranged in the vicinity of the center of the spherical chamber 18. The wall 58 of the divisional chamber 18 is made of an insulating material, in particular based on epoxy resin, or any other material having a high reflection coefficient. A deflector (not shown) made of metallic or refractory material can be placed against the internal face of the chamber 18, facing the separation zone 62 of the contacts. The breaking chamber 18 is supported by fixing means 68 secured to the bottom 16, as well as by the tube 24 fixed to the opposite bottom 14.

Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur 10 à autoexpansion et à arc tournant selon la figure 1 est le suivant:The operation of the autoexpansion and rotating arc circuit breaker 10 according to FIG. 1 is as follows:

Lors de la séparation des contacts 20, 22, au centre de la chambre de coupure 18 sphérique, l'arc s'étend dans la zone 62 de coupure et est entraîné en rotation par l'action du champ magnétique de la bobine 60 ou de l'aimant. La chaleur dégagée par l'arc tournant provoque une augmentation de pression à l'intérieur de la chambre de coupure 18, et un écoulement de gaz par les conduits internes d'échappement 40, 42 des contacts 20, 22 creux vers la chambre de décharge 48 dans laquelle s'opère l'expansion du gaz comprimé initialement dans la chambre de coupure 18. La réflexion centripète des ondes de pression sur la paroi 58 interne de la chambre 18 sphérique provoque une convergence des gaz vers la zone de séparation 62 des contacts, et contribue efficacement au centrage de l'arc.When the contacts 20, 22 are separated, at the center of the spherical breaking chamber 18, the arc extends in the breaking zone 62 and is rotated by the action of the magnetic field of the coil 60 or of the magnet. The heat released by the rotating arc causes an increase in pressure inside the cut-off chamber 18, and a gas flow through the internal exhaust ducts 40, 42 of the contacts 20, 22 hollow towards the discharge chamber 48 in which the expansion of the compressed gas initially takes place in the breaking chamber 18. The centripetal reflection of the pressure waves on the internal wall 58 of the spherical chamber 18 causes the gases to converge towards the separation zone 62 of the contacts , and contributes effectively to the centering of the arc.

La figure 2 montre une variante de réalisation d'un disjoncteur 100, dans lequel les mêmes repères désignent des pièces identiques à celles du dispositif de la figure 1. La forme de la paroi 58 de la chambre de coupure 18 a été modifiée, et comporte un secteur sphérique 70 central au droit de la zone de séparation 62 des contacts, prolongé par deux portions 72, 74 cylindriques opposées.FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of a circuit breaker 100, in which the same references designate parts identical to those of the device in FIG. 1. The shape of the wall 58 of the breaking chamber 18 has been modified, and comprises a spherical sector 70 central to the right of the separation zone 62 of the contacts, extended by two opposite cylindrical portions 72, 74.

Selon les dispositifs des figures 1 et 2, seul le contact fixe 20 est équipé d'un aimant permanent ou bobine 60 pour provoquer la rotation de l'arc. Il est clair qu'un deuxième aimant ou bobine (non représenté) peut être associé au contact mobile à l'intérieur de la chambre 18 de coupure, de manière à imposer une migration en sens inverse des racines d'arc sur les électrodes annulaires en regard des contacts 20, 22.According to the devices of Figures 1 and 2, only the fixed contact 20 is equipped with a permanent magnet or coil 60 to cause the rotation of the arc. It is clear that a second magnet or coil (not shown) can be associated with the movable contact inside the breaking chamber 18, so as to impose a migration in the opposite direction of the arc roots on the annular electrodes in look of contacts 20, 22.

La figure 3 représente une autre variante de disjoncteur 200 à autoexpansion. On cherche également à profiter de la réflexion des ondes de pression sur la paroi 58 interne de la chambre de coupure 18 pour focaliser ensuite ces ondes dans la zone de séparation 62 des contacts en donnant à la chambre 18 la forme d'une ellipsoïde, agencée telle que les contacts 20, 22, se trouvent sensiblement au niveau des deux foyers F1, F2 de l'ellipse, en position d'ouverture du disjoncteur 200. Une onde de pression émise en l'un des foyers F1 à l'intérieur de l'ellipsoïde, est réfléchie par la paroi 58 et focalisée à l'autre foyer F2. Il en résulte un excellent centrage de l'arc au voisinage des électrodes. Le disjoncteur 200 de la fig. 3 a été représenté sans moyens de soufflage magnétique de l'arc, mais il est clair qu'il peut être équipé d'une bobine ou d'un aimant permanent assurant la rotation de l'arc.FIG. 3 represents another variant of circuit breaker 200 with self-expansion. We also seek to take advantage of the reflection of pressure waves on the internal wall 58 of the breaking chamber 18 to then focus these waves in the separation zone 62 of the contacts by giving the chamber 18 the shape of an ellipsoid, arranged such that the contacts 20, 22 are located substantially at the level of the two homes F1, F2 of the ellipse, in the open position of the circuit breaker 200. A pressure wave emitted in one of the homes F1 inside the ellipsoid, is reflected by the wall 58 and focused at the other focal point F2. This results in excellent centering of the arc in the vicinity of the electrodes. The circuit breaker 200 of fig. 3 has been shown without magnetic arc blowing means, but it is clear that it can be equipped with a coil or a permanent magnet ensuring the rotation of the arc.

Le disjoncteur 10, 100, 200, selon l'une des figures 1 à 3 peut en outre être équipé d'un dispositif auxiliaire de soufflage (non représenté) à piston-cylindre de compression, actionné lors du déplacement du contact mobile 22 pour envoyer un jet de gaz de soufflage vers la zone d'arc. Ce dispositif de soufflage pneumatique peut être incorporé, soit directement dans la chambre de coupure 18, soit dans la chambre de décharge 48.The circuit breaker 10, 100, 200, according to one of FIGS. 1 to 3, can also be equipped with an auxiliary blowing device (not shown) with compression piston-cylinder, actuated during the movement of the movable contact 22 to send a jet of blowing gas towards the arc zone. This pneumatic blowing device can be incorporated, either directly in the breaking chamber 18, or in the discharge chamber 48.

Les dispositifs des figures 4 à 7 montrent d'autres variantes de la chambre de coupure 18, destinées à produire des effets de focalisation des ondes acoustiques. Les éléments de focalisation peuvent être constitués par une succession de miroirs 90 plans (figure 4), échelonnés le long d'une courbe sensiblement elliptique, ou par une juxtaposition de deux troncs de cône 92, 94, opposés (figure 5). Selon la figure 6, la face interne de la paroi 58 de la chambre 18 est entaillée par une pluralité d'encoches 96, de manière à former une structure de lentille de Fresnel, capable d'améliorer en plus la tenue diélectrique par augmentation de la ligne de fuite.The devices of FIGS. 4 to 7 show other variants of the breaking chamber 18, intended to produce focusing effects of the acoustic waves. The focusing elements can be constituted by a succession of 90-plane mirrors (FIG. 4), staggered along a substantially elliptical curve, or by a juxtaposition of two opposite truncated cones 92, 94 (FIG. 5). According to FIG. 6, the internal face of the wall 58 of the chamber 18 is notched by a plurality of notches 96, so as to form a Fresnel lens structure, capable of further improving the dielectric strength by increasing the creepage.

Les éléments de focalisation 90, 92, 94, 96, des dispositifs des figures 4 à 6, viennent avantageusement de moulage avec la chambre 18 et constituent la face interne de la paroi 58, mais peuvent également être constitués par des pièces 98 indépendantes solidarisées à l'intérieur de la chambre 18 contre la paroi 58. Dans la figure 7, la paroi 58 est cylindrique, et la pièce 98 ou déflecteur de l'élément focalisateur présente la forme adaptée pour constituer le résonateur acoustique. Le matériau de la pièce 98 peut être différent de celui de la paroi 58, de manière à assurer sa protection contre la pollution due à l'arc, et d'améliorer la ligne de fuite.The focusing elements 90, 92, 94, 96, of the devices of FIGS. 4 to 6, come advantageously molding with the chamber 18 and constitute the internal face of the wall 58, but may also be constituted by independent parts 98 secured inside the chamber 18 against the wall 58. In FIG. 7, the wall 58 is cylindrical, and the part 98 or deflector of the focusing element has the shape adapted to constitute the acoustic resonator. The material of the part 98 may be different from that of the wall 58, so as to ensure its protection against pollution due to the arc, and to improve the creepage distance.

Claims (10)

1. Arc extinction device for self-expansion and gas insulation switch or circuit breaker (10, 100, 200), comprising:
- a sealed housing (12), filled with a high dielectric strength insulating gas, notably sulphur hexafluoride,
- a divisional arc chute (18), inside said housing,
- a pair of separable contacts (20, 22) housed in said arc chute (18), at least one of the contacts being hollow,
- a gas outflow duct (40, 42) from said arc chute (18) to a discharge chamber (48) in which expansion of the gas initially compressed in the arc chute (18) takes place under the action of the arc drawn between the contacts (20, 22) separated when the circuit breaker opens,
- and connection terminals (36, 38), in electrical connection with said contacts,

characterized in that the divisional arc chute (18) comprises in a straight line with the contact separation area (62) a curved side revolution surface of a non linear curve, notably convex or concave, in such a way as to form an acoustic resonator reflecting the pressure waves inwardly, causing the gases to converge towards said separation area, and that the separable contacts (20, 22) are located in the vicinity ot the middle area of said arc chute (18).
2. Arc extinction device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall (58) of the arc chute (18) has a spherical shape or a spherical cross- section surface, so that the acoustic resonator presents a vibration antinode in the center of the sphere.
3. Arc extinction device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the wall (58) of the arc chute (18) has an ellipsoidal shape, and the contacts (20, 22) are located appreciably at the focal spots F1, F2 of the ellipse, with the circuit breaker in the open position.
4. Arc extinction device according to anyone of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one (20) of the contacts is associated with magnetic means designed to generate a magnetic induction field in the separation area (62) of the contacts (20, 22) to impose fast rotation of the arc around the axis of rotation of the arc chute (18), and the gas outflow duct (40, 42) to the discharge chamber (48) is formed by the inside of the hollow contact (20, 22).
5. Arc extinction device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wall (58) of the arc chute (18) is made of an insulating material having a high reflection coefficient.
6. Arc extinction device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a deflector (98) made of metallic or refractory material, constituting an acoustic resonator, is fixed against the internal wall of the arc chute (18) and presents a convex or concave lateral revolution surface, notably spherical, elliptical or truncated.
7. Arc extinction device according to one of the claims 4 to 6, for a self-expansion and rotating arc circuit breaker, characterized in that the magnetic means are arranged to impose a migration in the opposite direction of the arc roots on the facing annular electrodes, associated with said contacts (20, 22).
8. Arc extinction device according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the magnetic means comprise at least a permanent magnet, or an annular magnetic blow-out coil (60) so that the lines of the magnetic field extend transversely in the arc extension area (62), the contacts and magnetic means assembly being coaxial with the axis of rotation of the arc chute (18), and a piston- cylinder compression device is fitted inside or outside the arc chute, and is actuated when the moving contact (22) moves to send an auxiliary jet of blow-out gas to the arcing area.
9. Arc extinction device according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the two contacts (20, 22) are aligned according to the axis of rotation of said arc chute (18) and each comprise a tubular outflow duct (40,42) enabling a double expansion of the gases to the discharge chamber (48).
10. Arc extinction device for rotating arc switch or circuit breaker, comprising a sealed housing, filled with high dielectric strength insulating gas, notably suphur hexafluoride pair of separable coaxial contacts, a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil to generate a magnetic field in the extension area of the arc drawn between the contacts when the latter separate and to impose fast rotation of the arc, characterized in that the arc extension area (62) is surrounded by an internal wall (58, 98) with a convex or concave revolution lateral surface, notably spherical or ellipsoidal, designed to ensure centering of the arc according to the longitudinal axis of rotation.
EP85902573A 1984-06-08 1985-06-05 Arc quenching device for electric apparatus with gas insulation Expired EP0183755B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85902573T ATE36920T1 (en) 1984-06-08 1985-06-05 ARC TRIGGER DEVICE FOR ELECTRICAL DEVICE WITH GAS INSULATION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8409056 1984-06-08
FR8409056A FR2565731A1 (en) 1984-06-08 1984-06-08 IMPROVEMENTS ON CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Publications (2)

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EP0183755A1 EP0183755A1 (en) 1986-06-11
EP0183755B1 true EP0183755B1 (en) 1988-08-31

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85902573A Expired EP0183755B1 (en) 1984-06-08 1985-06-05 Arc quenching device for electric apparatus with gas insulation

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US4697055A (en)
EP (1) EP0183755B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61502645A (en)
CA (1) CA1239432A (en)
DE (1) DE3564744D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2565731A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1986000169A1 (en)

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FR2644624B1 (en) * 1989-03-17 1996-03-22 Merlin Gerin ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH SELF-EXPANSION AND INSULATING GAS
FR2663457B1 (en) * 1990-06-14 1996-06-07 Merlin Gerin ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH SELF-EXPANSION AND ARC ROTATION.
JPH0652761A (en) * 1992-08-01 1994-02-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Switch
US6313641B1 (en) 1995-03-13 2001-11-06 Square D Company Method and system for detecting arcing faults and testing such system
US5933308A (en) * 1997-11-19 1999-08-03 Square D Company Arcing fault protection system for a switchgear enclosure
FR2774213B1 (en) * 1998-01-27 2000-03-10 Schneider Electric Ind Sa CUTTING CHAMBER OF A SELF-EXPANDING CIRCUIT BREAKER AND A THERMOPLASTIC RESIN ENCLOSURE
JP3966114B2 (en) * 2002-07-01 2007-08-29 忠司 梅田 Current fuse
US8274007B2 (en) * 2009-08-19 2012-09-25 Southern States, Inc. Magnet interrupter for high voltage switching
CN103868853B (en) * 2014-03-12 2016-04-13 中国科学院电工研究所 For the radial direction resonance photoacoustic cell of sulfur hexafluoride gas decomposable process Real-Time Monitoring
US9355798B2 (en) 2014-08-21 2016-05-31 General Electric Company System and method for quenching an arc

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JPS5923605B2 (en) * 1980-03-28 1984-06-04 日新電機株式会社 Gas cutter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0183755A1 (en) 1986-06-11
JPS61502645A (en) 1986-11-13
FR2565731A1 (en) 1985-12-13
CA1239432A (en) 1988-07-19
WO1986000169A1 (en) 1986-01-03
DE3564744D1 (en) 1988-10-06
US4697055A (en) 1987-09-29

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