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EP0164574B1 - Screw driving device - Google Patents

Screw driving device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0164574B1
EP0164574B1 EP85105627A EP85105627A EP0164574B1 EP 0164574 B1 EP0164574 B1 EP 0164574B1 EP 85105627 A EP85105627 A EP 85105627A EP 85105627 A EP85105627 A EP 85105627A EP 0164574 B1 EP0164574 B1 EP 0164574B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
output shaft
driving device
screw
housing
transmitter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85105627A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0164574A3 (en
EP0164574A2 (en
Inventor
Heinz-Gerhard Dipl.-Ing. Anders
Hermann Josef Leuthner
Wolfgang Josef Alender
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Gardner Denver GmbH
Original Assignee
Deutsche Gardner Denver GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Gardner Denver GmbH filed Critical Deutsche Gardner Denver GmbH
Publication of EP0164574A2 publication Critical patent/EP0164574A2/en
Publication of EP0164574A3 publication Critical patent/EP0164574A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0164574B1 publication Critical patent/EP0164574B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/145—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1456—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers having electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/147—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for electrically operated wrenches or screwdrivers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a screwdriver according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Screwdrivers are known (DE-AS 24 23 300, DE-OS 31 27 753) which have angular gears as the output or downstream spur gear.
  • the sensors are used to measure the torque and / or the angle of rotation during the screwing process. As soon as the required angle of rotation or the necessary torque is reached, the measuring or. Control electronics generates a signal, usually a shutdown signal, so that the screwing process is ended.
  • the transducer and the transmitter are provided in the area of the drive shaft.
  • a torque applied to a screw can only be measured indirectly.
  • the angular gear or the spur gear is located between the screwing tool engaged with the screw and the drive shaft.
  • These transmission gears and, above all, the frictional conditions that occur and the associated gearbox efficiency affect the measuring accuracy.
  • the screws are tightened to the yield point.
  • the screwdriver must be reliable when the yield point is reached switch off so that the screw is not stretched excessively. This requirement cannot be met with the known screwdrivers in which the sensors are arranged in the drive area or on the drive shaft.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing the generic screwdriver in such a way that the transducers for the torque and / or the angle of rotation can be arranged without enlarging the external dimensions of the screwdriver housing in such a way that the influence of the transmission and the frictional conditions during the measurement are switched off.
  • the transducer and the transformer of the screwdriver according to the invention are arranged in the output area within the screwdriver housing.
  • the transducer is therefore in the area of the driven part, so that the influence of the gear and the frictional conditions that occur during the measurement during the screwing process have no influence on the measuring accuracy.
  • the parts to be screwed can be tightened reliably up to the yield point without the risk that they will be overstretched.
  • the measured values are determined directly bypassing the transmission gear and transmitted to the control electronics.
  • the transmission body which the measured values determined by the transducer on the measuring or. Control electronics transmits, is rotatably connected to the output shaft and rotates with it. At its slip ring lies the sensor with which the measurement signals are sent to the outside of the measuring or. Control electronics are performed.
  • the transmitter is in an easily accessible location inside the gearbox.
  • the housing of a spur gear 2 is arranged on the motor part 1 in a known manner. It has a drive pinion and an output gear 3 which sits on an output shaft 3a. It is supported in the transmission housing 4 by two bearings 5 and 6 arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the driven shaft 3a is provided with a torsion part 7, which is formed by a section of the driven shaft that has a reduced diameter. Strain gauges 8 are bonded to the torsion part 7 in a known manner as signal transmitters for the torque applied to a screw as a measurement sensor.
  • the signal generated by the strain gauges 8 when a torque is applied to a screw is fed to a transmitter 10 via connecting lines 9.
  • the connecting lines 9 run through a bore 11 in the output shaft 3a to the transformer 10.
  • the bore 11 can be provided centrally or eccentrically in the output shaft 3a.
  • the transmitter 10 is arranged at the upper end of the output shaft 3a and has a peg-shaped transmission body 12 which sits in the bore 11 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the connecting lines 9 are connected to solder lugs 13 of the transmission body 12, which is provided at its end projecting over the output shaft 3a with a number of slip rings 14 corresponding to the number of connecting lines 9.
  • sensors 15 of a brush block 16 from which the measurement signals in a multi-core cable 17 to the outside (not shown) Measuring or control electronics are performed.
  • the torsion part 7 is twisted by the reaction force of the screw.
  • the size of the torsion is a measure of the applied torque and is converted by the strain gauges 8 into corresponding signals which are transmitted by the measuring or. Control electronics are evaluated.
  • the revolutions of the output spindle are also monitored, for example, by means of a rotation angle sensor 18 arranged on the output shaft 3a.
  • the rotary angle sensor 18, which can be a field plate sensor, for example, is also glued onto the output shaft 3a.
  • the angle of rotation sensor 18 is located in the area outside the torsion part 7.
  • the output shaft 3a is surrounded by a disk-shaped magnetic core 19 fastened to the inside of the transmission housing 4, the active surface 20 of which faces the angle of rotation sensor 18 (FIG. 4) in a spiral is trained.
  • the output voltage of the rotary angle transmitter 18 changes in accordance with this distance, which enables an exact determination of the instantaneously traveled angle of rotation.
  • the electrical lines 35 which discharge the angle of rotation signal from the angle of rotation sensor 18 are likewise guided through the bore 11 of the output shaft 3a.
  • the two bearings 5, 6 are provided for guiding and mounting the output shaft 3a.
  • the bearing 5 is fixed in the axial direction. On its side facing the bearing 6, the bearing 5 lies on an inwardly projecting side Shoulder 21 of the gear housing 4.
  • the bearing 5 is axially secured by a nut 22 which is screwed into a threaded bore 23 of the gear housing 4 and with which the bearing 5 is pressed against the shoulder 21.
  • the nut 22 is designed as a cap nut within which a further nut 24 lies, which is screwed onto a threaded axial extension 25 of the output shaft 3a and is supported on the inner ring 26 of the bearing 5.
  • the brush block 16 is attached to the nut 22.
  • a strain relief device 27 is provided for the cable 17, which is also releasably attached to the nut 22. The cable 17 is guided outwards from the gear housing 4 in a known manner.
  • the strain gauges 8 and the angle encoder 18 are arranged on the output shaft 3a. Since the corresponding screwing tool 28 (FIG. 1) is attached to the output shaft 3a, the corresponding torques and angles of rotation can be measured directly during the screwing process and transmitted to the control electronics. There is no intermediate gear between the screwing tool 28 and the strain gauge 8 and the angle encoder 18, which could impair the measuring accuracy.
  • the transmitter 10 is easily accessible, since it is accommodated on the end face of the output shaft 3a directly below a detachable cover 29 of the gear housing 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a screwdriver.
  • An angular gear 30 is provided as a reduction gear on the straight motor part 1 '.
  • a bevel gear is provided as an angular gear, of which one bevel gear 31 is shown in FIG. 6. It also sits on the output shaft 3a ', which is rotatably supported with radial bearings 32 and 33 and an axial bearing 34 in the gear housing 4'.
  • the axial bearing 34 is located in the area below the bevel gear 31, which is supported on the axial bearing.
  • the output shaft 3a ' has the reduced torsion part 7' on which the strain gauges 8 'are attached.
  • the supply lines 9 ' are led through the bore 11' in the output shaft 3a 'to the transformer 10', which is constructed in the same way as in the previously described embodiment.
  • the rotation angle sensor 18' is provided, which is surrounded by the magnetic core 19 'which is fastened to the inside of the housing 4'. Lines 35 'which carry the angle of rotation signal from the angle of rotation sensor 18' are led through the bore 11 '.
  • the transmitter 10 ' is accommodated in a recess 36 in the gear housing 4', which can be closed by the cover 29 '.
  • the brush block 16 'sits on an inwardly projecting shoulder 37 of the housing 4'.
  • the strain relief device 27 ' is fastened on the cover 29'.
  • the transmission body 12 'fastened in the bore 11' rotates together with the output shaft 3a 'and the bevel gear 31, while the brush block 16' stands still with the cable 17 '.
  • the bearings 32 to 34 are axially secured within the housing 4 '.
  • the output shaft 3a' is provided with a connecting part 38 for the respective screwing tool.
  • the measurements of the torque and the angle of rotation can in turn be carried out without interference from the angular gear, so that the parts to be screwed can be reliably brought, for example, to the yield point.
  • the torque is measured by means of strain gauges as sensors.
  • strain gauges instead of such strain gauges, piezo measuring elements can also be used.
  • Inductive transducers or permeability measurements are also possible, which are carried out on the outer surface of the output shaft which is loaded by twisting.
  • the slip rings 14, 14 ', 14' ' are provided at the points of contact with the sensors 15, 15', 15 '' with grooves, grooves or the like in order to ensure undisturbed transmission of measured values even in the event of axial shocks or small displacements of the output shaft 3a , 30 ', 3a' '.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schrauber nach den Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a screwdriver according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es sind Schrauber bekannt (DE-AS 24 23 300, DE-OS 31 27 753), die Winkelgetriebe als Abtrieb oder nachgeordnete Stirnradgetriebe aufweisen. Die Meßwertaufnehmer dienen zur Messung des Drehmomentes und/oder des Drehwinkels während des Schraubvorganges. Sobald der erforderliche Drehwinkel bzw. das notwendige Drehmoment erreicht ist, wird von der Meß-bzw. Steuerelektronik ein Signal, in der Regel ein Abschaltsignal, erzeugt, so daß der Schraubvorgang beendet wird.Screwdrivers are known (DE-AS 24 23 300, DE-OS 31 27 753) which have angular gears as the output or downstream spur gear. The sensors are used to measure the torque and / or the angle of rotation during the screwing process. As soon as the required angle of rotation or the necessary torque is reached, the measuring or. Control electronics generates a signal, usually a shutdown signal, so that the screwing process is ended.

Bei den bekannten Schraubern sind die Meßwertaufnehmer und der Übertrager im Bereich der Antriebswelle vorgesehen. Dadurch kann beispielsweise ein auf eine Schraube aufgebrachtes Drehmoment nur indirekt gemessen werden. Zwischen dem mit der Schraube in Eingriff befindlichen Schraubwerkzeug und der Antriebswelle befindet sich nämlich das Winkelgetriebe bzw. das Stirnradgetriebe. Diese Übersetzungsgetriebe und vor allem die auftretenden Reibungsverhältnisse und der damit zusammenhängende Getriebewirkungsgrad beeinträchtigen die Meßgenauigkeit. Bei Sicherheitsverschraubungen werden die Schrauben bis in die Streckgrenze hinein angezogen. Der Schrauber muß hierbei jedoch zuverlässig bei Erreichen der Streckgrenze abschalten, damit die Schraube nicht unzulässig gedehnt wird. Mit den bekannten Schraubern, bei denen die Meßwertaufnehmer im Antriebsbereich bzw. auf der Antriebswelle angeordnet sind, ist diese Forderung nicht zu erfüllen.In the known screwdrivers, the transducer and the transmitter are provided in the area of the drive shaft. As a result, for example, a torque applied to a screw can only be measured indirectly. This is because the angular gear or the spur gear is located between the screwing tool engaged with the screw and the drive shaft. These transmission gears and, above all, the frictional conditions that occur and the associated gearbox efficiency affect the measuring accuracy. In the case of safety fittings, the screws are tightened to the yield point. However, the screwdriver must be reliable when the yield point is reached switch off so that the screw is not stretched excessively. This requirement cannot be met with the known screwdrivers in which the sensors are arranged in the drive area or on the drive shaft.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den gattungsgemäßen Schrauber so auszubilden, daß die Meßwertaufnehmer für das Drehmoment und/oder den Drehwinkel ohne Vergröße - rung der Außenabmessungen des Schraubergehäuses so angeordnet werden können, daß der Getriebeeinfluß und die Reibungsverhältnisse bei der Messung ausgeschaltet sind.The invention is based on the object of designing the generic screwdriver in such a way that the transducers for the torque and / or the angle of rotation can be arranged without enlarging the external dimensions of the screwdriver housing in such a way that the influence of the transmission and the frictional conditions during the measurement are switched off.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1.

Der Meßwertaufnehmer und der Übertrager des erfindungsgemäßen Schraubers werden im Abtriebsbereich innerhalb des Schraubergehäuses angeordnet. Der Meßwertaufnehmer befindet sich daher im Bereich des Abtriebsteiles, so daß der Einfluß des Getriebes und der auftretenden Reibungsverhältnisse bei der Messung während des Schraubvorganges keinen Einfluß auf die Meßgenauigkeit haben. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schrauber können die zu verschraubenden Teile zuverlässig bis in die Streckgrenze angezogen werden, ohne daß die Gefahr besteht, daß diese überdehnt werden. Die Meßwerte werden infolge der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung direkt unter Umgehung des Übersetzungsgetriebes ermittelt und auf die Steuerelektronik übertragen. Der Übertragungskörper , der die vom Meßwertaufnehmer ermittelten Meßwerte auf die Meß-bzw. Steuerelektronik überträgt, ist drehfest mit der Abtriebswelle verbunden und dreht mit dieser. An seinem Schleifring liegt der Fühler an, mit dem die Meßsignale nach außen zur Meß-bzw. Steuerelektronik geführt werden. Der Übertrager befindet sich an einer leicht zugänglichen Stelle innerhalb des Getriebegehäuses.The transducer and the transformer of the screwdriver according to the invention are arranged in the output area within the screwdriver housing. The transducer is therefore in the area of the driven part, so that the influence of the gear and the frictional conditions that occur during the measurement during the screwing process have no influence on the measuring accuracy. With the screwdriver according to the invention, the parts to be screwed can be tightened reliably up to the yield point without the risk that they will be overstretched. As a result of the design according to the invention, the measured values are determined directly bypassing the transmission gear and transmitted to the control electronics. The transmission body, which the measured values determined by the transducer on the measuring or. Control electronics transmits, is rotatably connected to the output shaft and rotates with it. At its slip ring lies the sensor with which the measurement signals are sent to the outside of the measuring or. Control electronics are performed. The transmitter is in an easily accessible location inside the gearbox.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen.Further features of the invention result from the further claims, the description and the drawings.

Die Erfindung wird anhand einiger in den Zeichnungen dargestellter Ausführungsformen näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
in schematischer Darstellung einen stationären, erfindungsgemäßen Schrauber mit angeflanschtem Stirnradgetriebe,
Fig. 2
in vergrößerter Darstellung und in einem Teilschnitt das Stirnradgetriebe des erfindungsgemäßen Schraubers gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt längs der Linie III-III in Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt längs der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 2,
Fig. 5
in schematischer Darstellung einen erfindungsgemäßen Schrauber mit einem Winkelgetriebe,
Fig. 6
in vergrößerter Darstellung und in einem Teilschnitt das Winkelgetriebe des erfindungsgemäßen Schraubers gemäß Fig. 5 mit integriertem Drehmomentaufnehmer und Drehwinkelgeber,
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to some embodiments shown in the drawings. Show it
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a stationary screwdriver according to the invention with flanged spur gear,
Fig. 2
1, in an enlarged representation and in a partial section, the spur gear of the screwdriver according to the invention,
Fig. 3
2 shows a section along the line III-III in FIG. 2,
Fig. 4
3 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2,
Fig. 5
a schematic representation of a screwdriver according to the invention with an angular gear,
Fig. 6
5 in an enlarged representation and in a partial section the angular gear of the screwdriver according to the invention according to FIG.

Der Schrauber gemäß den Fig. 1 bis 4 hat einen geraden Motorteil 1 mit einem Motor und einem Planetengetriebe. Am Motorteil 1 ist in bekannter Weise das Gehäuse eines Stirnradgetriebes 2 angeordnet. Es hat ein Antriebsritzel und ein Abtriebszahnrad 3, das auf einer Abtriebswelle 3a sitzt. Sie ist im Getriebegehäuse 4 von zwei mit Abstand voneinander angeordneten Lagern 5 und 6 abgestützt. Im Bereich zwischen der Abtriebszahnrad 3 und den Lager 6 ist die Abtriebswelle 3a mit einem Torsionsteil 7 versehen, der durch einen im Durchmesser verringerten Abschnitt der Abtriebswelle gebildet wird. Auf dem Torsionsteil 7 sind in bekannter Weise als Signalgeber für das auf eine Schraube aufgebrachte Drehmoment Dehnungsmeßstreifen 8 als Meßwertaufnehmer aufgeklebt.1 to 4 has a straight motor part 1 with a motor and a planetary gear. The housing of a spur gear 2 is arranged on the motor part 1 in a known manner. It has a drive pinion and an output gear 3 which sits on an output shaft 3a. It is supported in the transmission housing 4 by two bearings 5 and 6 arranged at a distance from one another. In the area between the driven gear 3 and the bearing 6, the driven shaft 3a is provided with a torsion part 7, which is formed by a section of the driven shaft that has a reduced diameter. Strain gauges 8 are bonded to the torsion part 7 in a known manner as signal transmitters for the torque applied to a screw as a measurement sensor.

Das bei Aufbringen eines Drehmomentes auf eine Schraube durch die Dehnungsmeßstreifen 8 erzeugte Signal wird über Verbindungsleitungen 9 einem Übertrager 10 zugeführt. Die Verbindungsleitungen 9 verlaufen durch eine Bohrung 11 in der Abtriebswelle 3a zum Übertrager 10. Die Bohrung 11 kann zentrisch oder exzentrisch in der Abtriebswelle 3a vorgesehen sein. Der Übertrager 10 ist am oberen Ende der Abtriebswelle 3a angeordnet und hat einen zapfenförmigen Übertragungskörper 12, der drehfest in der Bohrung 11 sitze. Die Verbindungsleitungen 9 sind mit Lötfahnen 13 des Übertragungskörpers 12 verbunden, der an seinem über die Abtriebswelle 3a ragenden Ende mit einer der Zahl der Verbindungsleitungen 9 entsprechenden Zahl von Schleifringen 14 versehen ist. An ihnen liegen Fühler 15 eines Bürstenblockes 16 an, von dem aus die Meßsignale in einem mehradrigen Kabel 17 nach außen zur (nicht dargestellten) Meß-oder Steuerelektronik geführt werden.The signal generated by the strain gauges 8 when a torque is applied to a screw is fed to a transmitter 10 via connecting lines 9. The connecting lines 9 run through a bore 11 in the output shaft 3a to the transformer 10. The bore 11 can be provided centrally or eccentrically in the output shaft 3a. The transmitter 10 is arranged at the upper end of the output shaft 3a and has a peg-shaped transmission body 12 which sits in the bore 11 in a rotationally fixed manner. The connecting lines 9 are connected to solder lugs 13 of the transmission body 12, which is provided at its end projecting over the output shaft 3a with a number of slip rings 14 corresponding to the number of connecting lines 9. On them are sensors 15 of a brush block 16, from which the measurement signals in a multi-core cable 17 to the outside (not shown) Measuring or control electronics are performed.

Beim Schraubvorgang wird der Torsionsteil 7 durch die Reaktionskraft der Schraube tordiert. Die Größe der Torsion ist ein Maß des aufgebrachten Drehmomentes und wird von den Dehnungsmeßstreifen 8 in entsprechende Signale umgesetzt, die von der Meß-bzw. Steuerelektronik ausgewertet werden.During the screwing process, the torsion part 7 is twisted by the reaction force of the screw. The size of the torsion is a measure of the applied torque and is converted by the strain gauges 8 into corresponding signals which are transmitted by the measuring or. Control electronics are evaluated.

In ähnlicher Weise wie die Drehmomentsignale werden beispielsweise auch über einen an der Abtriebswelle 3a angeordneten Drehwinkelgeber 18 die Umdrehungen der Abtriebsspindel überwacht. Der Drehwinkelgeber 18, der beispielsweise ein Feldplattenfühler sein kann, wird ebenfalls auf die Abtriebswelle 3a aufgeklebt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel befindet sich der Drehwinkelgeber 18 im Bereich außerhalb des Torsionsteiles 7. Im Bereich des Drehwinkelgebers 18 ist die Abtriebswelle 3a von einem an der Innenseite des Getriebegehäuses 4 befestigten scheibenförmigen Magnetkern 19 umgeben, dessen dem Drehwinkelgeber 18 zugewandte Wirkfläche 20 (Fig. 4) spiralförmig ausgebildet ist. Dadurch ändert sich beim Drehen der Abtriebswelle 3a der Abstand zwischen dem Drehwinkelgeber 18 und der Wirkfläche 20. Die Ausgangsspannung des Drehwinkelgebers 18 ändert sich entsprechend diesem Abstand, wodurch eine genaue Ermittlung des augenblicklich zurückgelegten Drehwinkels ermöglicht wird. Die das Drehwinkelsignal vom Drehwinkelgeber 18 abführenden elektrischen Leitungen 35 sind ebenfalls durch die Bohrung 11 der Abtriebswelle 3a geführt.In a manner similar to the torque signals, the revolutions of the output spindle are also monitored, for example, by means of a rotation angle sensor 18 arranged on the output shaft 3a. The rotary angle sensor 18, which can be a field plate sensor, for example, is also glued onto the output shaft 3a. In the exemplary embodiment, the angle of rotation sensor 18 is located in the area outside the torsion part 7. In the area of the angle of rotation sensor 18, the output shaft 3a is surrounded by a disk-shaped magnetic core 19 fastened to the inside of the transmission housing 4, the active surface 20 of which faces the angle of rotation sensor 18 (FIG. 4) in a spiral is trained. As a result, when the output shaft 3a rotates, the distance between the rotary angle transmitter 18 and the active surface 20 changes. The output voltage of the rotary angle transmitter 18 changes in accordance with this distance, which enables an exact determination of the instantaneously traveled angle of rotation. The electrical lines 35 which discharge the angle of rotation signal from the angle of rotation sensor 18 are likewise guided through the bore 11 of the output shaft 3a.

Zur Führung und Lagerung der Abtriebswelle 3a sind die beiden Lager 5, 6 vorgesehen. Das Lager 5 ist in Axialrichtung fixiert. Auf seiner dem Lager 6 zugewandten Seite liegt das Lager 5 an einer nach innen ragenden Schulter 21 des Getriebegehäuses 4 an. Auf der anderen Seite ist das Lager 5 durch eine Mutter 22 axial gesichert, die in eine Gewindebohrung 23 des Getriebegehäuses 4 geschraubt und mit der das Lager 5 gegen die Schulter 21 gedrückt wird. Die Mutter 22 ist als Hutmutter ausgebildet, innerhalb der eine weitere Mutter 24 liegt, die auf ein mit Gewinde versehenes axiales Ansatzstück 25 der Abtriebswelle 3a geschraubt ist und sich am Innenring 26 des Lagers 5 abstützt. Dadurch ist die Abtriebswelle 3a axial fixiert. Der Bürstenblock 16 ist auf der Mutter 22 befestigt. Für das Kabel 17 ist eine Zugentlastungseinrichtung 27 vorgesehen, die ebenfalls auf der Mutter 22 lösbar befestigt ist. Das Kabel 17 ist in bekannter Weise nach außen aus dem Getriebegehäuse 4 geführt.The two bearings 5, 6 are provided for guiding and mounting the output shaft 3a. The bearing 5 is fixed in the axial direction. On its side facing the bearing 6, the bearing 5 lies on an inwardly projecting side Shoulder 21 of the gear housing 4. On the other hand, the bearing 5 is axially secured by a nut 22 which is screwed into a threaded bore 23 of the gear housing 4 and with which the bearing 5 is pressed against the shoulder 21. The nut 22 is designed as a cap nut within which a further nut 24 lies, which is screwed onto a threaded axial extension 25 of the output shaft 3a and is supported on the inner ring 26 of the bearing 5. As a result, the output shaft 3a is axially fixed. The brush block 16 is attached to the nut 22. A strain relief device 27 is provided for the cable 17, which is also releasably attached to the nut 22. The cable 17 is guided outwards from the gear housing 4 in a known manner.

Bei dieser Ausführungsform sind die Dehnungsmeßstreifen 8 und der Drehwinkelgeber 18 auf der Abtriebswelle 3a angeordnet. Da an der Abtriebswelle 3a das entsprechende Schraubwerkzeug 28 (Fig. 1) befestigt ist, können während des Schraubvorganges die entsprechenden Drehmomente und Drehwinkel direkt gemessen und auf die Steuerelektronik übertragen werden. Zwischen dem Schraubwerkzeug 28 und der Dehnungsmeßstreifen 8 sowie dem Drehwinkelgeber 18 liegt kein zwischengeschaltetes Getriebe, das die Meßgenauigkeit beeinträchtigen könnte. Der Übertrager 10 ist leicht zugänglich, da er an der Stirnseite der Abtriebswelle 3a direkt unterhalb eines lösbaren Deckels 29 des Getriebegehäuses 4 untergebracht ist.In this embodiment, the strain gauges 8 and the angle encoder 18 are arranged on the output shaft 3a. Since the corresponding screwing tool 28 (FIG. 1) is attached to the output shaft 3a, the corresponding torques and angles of rotation can be measured directly during the screwing process and transmitted to the control electronics. There is no intermediate gear between the screwing tool 28 and the strain gauge 8 and the angle encoder 18, which could impair the measuring accuracy. The transmitter 10 is easily accessible, since it is accommodated on the end face of the output shaft 3a directly below a detachable cover 29 of the gear housing 4.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Schraubers. An dem geraden Motorteil 1' ist als Untersetzungsgetriebe ein Winkelgetriebe 30 vorgesehen. Als Winkelgetriebe ist ein Kegelradgetriebe vorgesehen, von dem in Fig. 6 das eine Kegelrad 31 dargestellt ist. Es sitzt ebenfalls auf der Abtriebswelle 3a', die mit Radiallagern 32 und 33 sowie einem Axiallager 34 im Getriebegehäuse 4' drehbar abgestützt ist. Das Axiallager 34 befindet sich im Bereich unterhalb des Kegelrades 31, das auf dem Axiallager abgestützt ist. Die Abtriebswelle 3a' hat den im Durchmesser verringerten Torsionsteil 7', auf dem die Dehnungsmeßstreifen 8' befestigt sind. Die Versorgungsleitungen 9' sind entsprechend der vorherigen Ausführungsform durch die Bohrung 11' in der Abtriebswelle 3a' zum Übertrager 10' geführt, der in gleicher Weise ausgebildet ist wie bei der zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsform. Unmittelbar im Anschluß an das Radiallager 33 auf der dem Torsionsteil 7' zugewandten Seite ist der Drehwinkelgeber 18' vorgesehen, der vom Magnetkern 19' umgeben ist, der an der Innenseite des Gehäuses 4' befestigt ist. Leitungen 35', die das Drehwinkelsignal vom Drehwinkelgeber 18' abführen, sind durch die Bohrung 11' geführt.5 shows a further embodiment of a screwdriver. An angular gear 30 is provided as a reduction gear on the straight motor part 1 '. A bevel gear is provided as an angular gear, of which one bevel gear 31 is shown in FIG. 6. It also sits on the output shaft 3a ', which is rotatably supported with radial bearings 32 and 33 and an axial bearing 34 in the gear housing 4'. The axial bearing 34 is located in the area below the bevel gear 31, which is supported on the axial bearing. The output shaft 3a 'has the reduced torsion part 7' on which the strain gauges 8 'are attached. According to the previous embodiment, the supply lines 9 'are led through the bore 11' in the output shaft 3a 'to the transformer 10', which is constructed in the same way as in the previously described embodiment. Immediately following the radial bearing 33 on the side facing the torsion part 7 ', the rotation angle sensor 18' is provided, which is surrounded by the magnetic core 19 'which is fastened to the inside of the housing 4'. Lines 35 'which carry the angle of rotation signal from the angle of rotation sensor 18' are led through the bore 11 '.

Der Übertrager 10' ist in einer Vertiefung 36 des Getriebegehäuses 4' untergebracht, die durch den Deckel 29' verschließbar ist. Der Bürstenblock 16' sitzt auf einer nach innen ragenden Schulter 37 des Gehäuses 4'. Der Übertragunskörper 12' mit den Schleifringen 14' sowie die Fühler 15' sind gleich ausgebildet wie bei der zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsform. Die Zugentlastungseinrichtung 27' ist auf dem Deckel 29' befestigt. Der in der Bohrung 11' befestigte Übertragungskörper 12' rotiert zusammen mit der Abtriebswelle 3a' und dem Kegelrad 31, während der Bürstenblock 16' mit dem Kabel 17' stillsteht. Die Lager 32 bis 34 sind axial innerhalb des Gehäuses 4'gesichert. An dem vom Übertrager 10' abgewandten Ende ist die Abtriebswelle 3a' mit einem Anschlußteil 38 für das jeweilige Schraubwerkzeug versehen.The transmitter 10 'is accommodated in a recess 36 in the gear housing 4', which can be closed by the cover 29 '. The brush block 16 'sits on an inwardly projecting shoulder 37 of the housing 4'. The transmission body 12 'with the slip rings 14' and the sensors 15 'are of the same design as in the previously described embodiment. The strain relief device 27 'is fastened on the cover 29'. The transmission body 12 'fastened in the bore 11' rotates together with the output shaft 3a 'and the bevel gear 31, while the brush block 16' stands still with the cable 17 '. The bearings 32 to 34 are axially secured within the housing 4 '. At the end facing away from the transmitter 10 ', the output shaft 3a' is provided with a connecting part 38 for the respective screwing tool.

Bei dieser Ausführungsform, die einen vorwiegend handgehaltenen Schrauber zeigt, können die Messungen des Drehmomentes und des Drehwinkels wiederum ohne Beeinträchtigung durch das Winkelgetriebe durchgeführt werden, so daß die zu verschraubenden Teile zuverlässig beispielsweise bis in die Streckgrenze gebracht werden können.In this embodiment, which shows a predominantly hand-held screwdriver, the measurements of the torque and the angle of rotation can in turn be carried out without interference from the angular gear, so that the parts to be screwed can be reliably brought, for example, to the yield point.

Bei den Ausführungsformen nach den Fig. 1 bis 6 wird das Drehmoment mittels Dehnungsmeßstreifen als Meßwertaufnehmer gemessen. Anstelle solcher Dehnungsmeßstreifen können auch Piezo-Meßelemente eingesetzt werden. Es kommen auch induktive Meßwertaufnehmer oder Permeabilitätsmessungen in Frage, die an der durch Verdrehen belasteten Mantelfläche der Abtriebswelle vorgenommen werden.In the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6, the torque is measured by means of strain gauges as sensors. Instead of such strain gauges, piezo measuring elements can also be used. Inductive transducers or permeability measurements are also possible, which are carried out on the outer surface of the output shaft which is loaded by twisting.

Bei sämtlichen Ausführungsformen sind die Schleifringe 14, 14', 14'' an den Berührungsstellen mit den Fühlern 15, 15', 15'' mit Nuten, Hohlkehlen oder dergleichen versehen, um eine ungestörte Meßwertübertragung auch bei axialen Stößen oder kleinen Verschiebungen der Abtriebswelle 3a, 30', 3a'' zu gewährleisten.In all embodiments, the slip rings 14, 14 ', 14' 'are provided at the points of contact with the sensors 15, 15', 15 '' with grooves, grooves or the like in order to ensure undisturbed transmission of measured values even in the event of axial shocks or small displacements of the output shaft 3a , 30 ', 3a' '.

Claims (5)

  1. Screw-driving device with a drive motor (1), whereof the drive shaft has a driving connection by way of a transmission (2) to an output shaft (3a), by which a screwing tool (28) can be driven, a driven gear (3) being fixed on the output shaft (3a) held in bearings (5, 6), with at least one measured value receiver (8, 8') serving for measuring the torque and/or the angle of rotation, whereof the signals are transmitted by way of a transmitter (12) to measuring and control electronic, characterised in that in the region between the driven gear (3) and a lower bearing (6), the output shaft (3a) comprises a torsion section (7), which has a smaller diameter than the output shaft (3a), that the measured value receiver (8, 8') is stuck to the outside of the torsion section (7), that the transmitter comprises a transmission member (12) connected in a non-rotary manner to one end (25) of the output shaft, with which at least one sensor (15) integral with the housing is associated, which is connected by cable to the measuring and control electronics, and that the electrical leads (9, 9') connecting the measured value receiver (8, 8') to the transmission member (12) are guided within an axial bore (11) extended in the output shaft (3a), which opens out in the region of the torsion section (7).
  2. Screw-driving device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the sensor (15, 15', 15'') bears against a slip ring (14, 14', 14'') disposed in an annular groove of the transmission member (12, 12').
  3. Screw-driving device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that several sensors (15, 15', 15'') are combined as a basic unit arranged in a non-rotary manner in the housing (4, 4', 4'').
  4. Screw-driving device according to Claim 3, characterised in that the basic unit is attached to a covering nut (22), which covers the free end of the output shaft (3a) and is screwed into a threaded bore (23) of the housing (4).
  5. Screw-driving device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the transmitter (10, 10', 10'') is located in a receptacle (36) of the housing (4, 4', 4''), which can be closed-off by a cover (29, 29').
EP85105627A 1984-05-15 1985-05-08 Screw driving device Expired - Lifetime EP0164574B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19848414766U DE8414766U1 (en) 1984-05-15 1984-05-15 SCREWDRIVER
DE8414766U 1984-05-15

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EP0164574A2 EP0164574A2 (en) 1985-12-18
EP0164574A3 EP0164574A3 (en) 1987-12-16
EP0164574B1 true EP0164574B1 (en) 1991-11-27

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EP85105627A Expired - Lifetime EP0164574B1 (en) 1984-05-15 1985-05-08 Screw driving device

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US (1) US4648282A (en)
EP (1) EP0164574B1 (en)
DE (2) DE8414766U1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0164574A3 (en) 1987-12-16
DE8414766U1 (en) 1984-09-13
US4648282A (en) 1987-03-10
DE3584736D1 (en) 1992-01-09
EP0164574A2 (en) 1985-12-18

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