EP0163241A2 - Member for internal combustion engines and process for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Member for internal combustion engines and process for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0163241A2 EP0163241A2 EP85106211A EP85106211A EP0163241A2 EP 0163241 A2 EP0163241 A2 EP 0163241A2 EP 85106211 A EP85106211 A EP 85106211A EP 85106211 A EP85106211 A EP 85106211A EP 0163241 A2 EP0163241 A2 EP 0163241A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insert
- component
- base material
- relief
- inserts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036461 convulsion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
- F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
- F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
- F02F3/12—Pistons having surface coverings on piston heads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
- F02F7/0087—Ceramic materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
- F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F2001/249—Cylinder heads with flame plate, e.g. insert in the cylinder head used as a thermal insulation between cylinder head and combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
Definitions
- the invention relates to a combustion chamber component for internal combustion engines with at least one insert made of heat-resistant, in particular ceramic material, in a recess of the component facing the combustion chamber, which is connected to the base material of the component by casting or shrinking.
- Components made of aluminum alloys which limit the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines, are often provided with inserts made of heat-resistant, high-strength materials in order to heat the light metal material thermally and / or mechanically to reinforce areas locally.
- a typical example is B ran space inserts in flasks. Similar inserts are also used in cylinder heads.
- the inserts can be made of heat-resistant steels or other suitable heavy metal alloys. In recent times, ceramic materials have also been used for this purpose.
- DE-PS 725 761 describes pistons in which the inserts are positively anchored by undercuts when the piston base material is cast around them.
- the encapsulation material is shrunk on, stress concentrations occur in the area of the undercuts, which can easily lead to cracks in the ceramic insert.
- the space required for an undercut is often not available on the piston head in terms of design.
- connection technology is the clasping of the ceramic insert essentially due to the shrinkage forces that arise during the encapsulation with a largely smooth, possibly slightly curved outer surface of the insert part.
- the object of the invention is to provide components of the type mentioned above, in which the inserts do not migrate out of the base material clasping them in engine operation, ie have a permanent, firm hold in the component base material. Furthermore should a method of manufacturing these components can be specified.
- At least one gas pressure relief bore is provided for relieving a gas pressure building up under the inserts in the base material leading to the underside of the inserts.
- These holes which may have a diameter of 0.01 to 10 mm according to the invention act, jerk relief channels than venting or D, ie they prevent the build up of a pressure gas cushion in the joint between the insert part and casting material.
- the insert is first fixed in its position relative to the other component in the correspondingly prepared component or in the mold cavity of the casting mold for the component, only then are the relief bores made by suitable measures during casting and by mechanical processing in the base material of the component generated.
- the insert is appropriately anchored in the base material by pouring or shrinking.
- the pressing is almost impossible as the connection method, because a K would eramik emotions the mechanical stresses likely not stand.
- the pressure relief bores provided according to the invention prevent the build-up of excess pressure in the parting plane and thus the described process of pushing out the insert.
- the pressure of the combustion gases which now only acts on one side from the combustion chamber, will constantly press the insert or the cast-in part into its deepest position or its cast-around position in the presence of the pressure relief bores.
- DE-OS 31 10 292 shows a piston with a ceramic insert, which likewise has a bore in the bottom of the piston head recess, which leads from the parting plane between the insert and the piston head into the interior of the piston.
- a ceramic insert which likewise has a bore in the bottom of the piston head recess, which leads from the parting plane between the insert and the piston head into the interior of the piston.
- the bore serving as the lubricating oil guide.
- a vent hole can be provided essentially in the middle.
- a relatively large ventilation cross section is created where the gases enter the space between the insert and the piston crown during engine operation.
- a weakening of the piston due to an excessively large central bore is thereby avoided.
- an insert here a cast part, is arranged in a piston head recess 2 of a piston 1.
- Relief bores 4 and 5 are arranged in the bottom of the piston head recess and lead from the parting plane 6 between the insert part 3 and the piston head into the interior of the piston 1.
- the bore 4 is arranged centrally and the bores 5 are arranged eccentrically or peripherally concentrically, forming a ring of relief bores.
- a cylinder head 11 which facing the combustion chamber in a cylinder head recess 12 comprises an insert 13. Since there is an interruption of the upwardly curved insert due to the arrangement of the inlet and outlet channels 17 and 18, there is at least one central Ent load bore 14, which is guided away from the parting plane 16 axially parallel.
- the peripheral I ntlastungsbohronne 15 date lead out from the parting plane 16 to the outer surface of the cylinder head.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Bauteile für Verbrennungsmotoren mit hitzebeständigen Brennraum-Einsätzen, insbesondere auf Bauteile aus Leichtmetall mit eingfegossenen, porösen Keramikeinsätzen, bei welchen zur Entspannung eines sich unter den Einsätzen (3) aufbauenden Gasdruckes im Grundwerkstoff des Bauteiles (1) zu der Unterseite des Einsatzes führend mindestens eine Gasdruck-Entlastungsbohrung (4, 5) vorgesehen ist. Die Erfindung beschreibt des weiteren ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Bauteile, bei welchem der Einsatz zuerst in seiner Lage relativ zum übrigen Bauteil fixiert wird und danach die Bohrungen im Grundwerkstoff ausgeführt werden.The invention relates to components for internal combustion engines with heat-resistant combustion chamber inserts, in particular to components made of light metal with cast-in, porous ceramic inserts, in which a gas pressure builds up under the inserts (3) in the base material of the component (1) to the underside of the At least one gas pressure relief bore (4, 5) is provided in the leading position. The invention further describes a method for producing these components, in which the insert is first fixed in its position relative to the other component and then the holes are made in the base material.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Brennraum-Bauteil für Verbrennungsmotoren mit mindestens einem Einsatz aus hitzebeständigem, insbesondere keramischem Werkstoff, in einer dem Brennraum zugewandten Ausnehmung des Bauteiles, der durch Umgießen oder Einschrumpfen mit dem Grundwerkstoff des Bauteiles verbunden ist.The invention relates to a combustion chamber component for internal combustion engines with at least one insert made of heat-resistant, in particular ceramic material, in a recess of the component facing the combustion chamber, which is connected to the base material of the component by casting or shrinking.
Bauteile aus Aluminiumlegierungen, die den Verbrennungsraum von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen begrenzen, werden häufig mit Einsätzen aus hitzebeständigen, hochfesten Werkstoffen versehen, um den Leichtmetallwerkstoff in thermisch und/oder mechanisch hochbeanspruchten Bereichen örtlich zu armieren. Ein typisches Beispiel sind Brannraumeinsätze in Kolben. Gleichartige Einsätze werden jedoch auch in Zylinderköpfen verwendet. Die Einsätze können aus warmfesten Stählen oder aus anderen geeigneten Schwermetall-Legierungen bestehen. In jüngster Zeit werden bevorzugt auch Keramikwerkstoffe für diesen Zweck eingesetzt.Components made of aluminum alloys, which limit the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines, are often provided with inserts made of heat-resistant, high-strength materials in order to heat the light metal material thermally and / or mechanically to reinforce areas locally. A typical example is B ran space inserts in flasks. Similar inserts are also used in cylinder heads. The inserts can be made of heat-resistant steels or other suitable heavy metal alloys. In recent times, ceramic materials have also been used for this purpose.
Insbesondere bei der Verwendung von Keramikeinsätzen besteht das bisher nicht befriedigend gelöste technische Problem, dem Einsatz einen festen Halt im Kolbengrundwerkstoff zu geben.Especially when using ceramic inserts, there is the technical problem that has not yet been satisfactorily resolved, to give the insert a firm hold in the piston base material.
In der DE-PS 725 761 sind Kolben beschrieben, bei welchen die Einsätze beim Umgießen mit dem Kolbengrundwerkstoff durch Hinterschneidungen formschlüssig verankert sind. Beim Aufschrumpfen des Umgußmaterials entstehen im Bereich der Hinterschneidungen jedoch Spannungskonzentrationen, die leicht zu Rissen im Keramikeinsatz führen können. Außerdem steht oft der für eine Hinterschneidung erforderliche Platz rein konstruktiv am Kolbenkopf nicht zur Verfügung.DE-PS 725 761 describes pistons in which the inserts are positively anchored by undercuts when the piston base material is cast around them. When the encapsulation material is shrunk on, stress concentrations occur in the area of the undercuts, which can easily lead to cracks in the ceramic insert. In addition, the space required for an undercut is often not available on the piston head in terms of design.
Die gleiche Gefahr unzulässiger Spannungen im Keramikwerkstoff ist bei mechanischen Verbindungen, z.B. mit Hilfe von Schrauben, gegeben. Auch das Abpuffern der Schrumpfspannungen mit weichen Zwischenlagen, wie in der US-PS 4 245 611 beschrieben, bringt keine in jeder Hinsicht befriedigende Lösung.The same danger of impermissible stresses in the ceramic material is with mechanical connections, e.g. with the help of screws. Buffering the shrinkage stresses with soft intermediate layers, as described in US Pat. No. 4,245,611, does not provide a satisfactory solution in every respect.
Die sowohl im Hinblick auf den Platzbedarf und die Vermeidung von Spannungskonzentrationen günstigste Verbindungstechnik ist die Umklammerung des Keramikeinsatzes im wesentlichen durch die beim Umgießen entstehenden Schrumpfkräfte bei weitgehend glatter, allenfalls leicht gewölbter Außenfläche des Einsatzteiles.The cheapest in terms of space requirements and the avoidance of stress concentrations Connection technology is the clasping of the ceramic insert essentially due to the shrinkage forces that arise during the encapsulation with a largely smooth, possibly slightly curved outer surface of the insert part.
Um allein mit Hilfe der beim Umgießen entstehenden Schrumpfspannung einen sicheren Halt des Eingußteiles auch unter Motorbetriebsbedingungen zu erreichen, ist man gezwungen, die relevanten physikalischen Eigenschaften, wie Ausdehnungskoeffizient, Elastizitätsmodul und Fließgrenze der beteiligten Werkstoffe, so aufeinander abzustimmen, daß die Schrumpfkräfte auch bei zyklischen Temperaturwechseln erhalten bleiben, wie dies in der DE-OS 33 28 435 beschrieben ist.In order to achieve a secure hold of the casting even under engine operating conditions solely with the help of the shrinkage stress that occurs during overmolding, it is necessary to coordinate the relevant physical properties, such as expansion coefficient, modulus of elasticity and yield point of the materials involved, so that the shrinkage forces change even with cyclical temperature changes remain as described in D E-OS 33 28 435.
Trotz solcher Maßnahmen zeigte sich bisher in der Praxis immer wieder, daß auf diese Weise eingegossene Einsatzteile im Motorbetrieb allmählich aus dem sie umklammernden Umgußmaterial herauswanderten, wodurch es leicht zum Anschlagen des Keramikteils an gegenüberliegenden Teilen der Brennraumwand und damit zur Zerstörung des Einsatzes kommen konnte. Interessant dabei war, daß das Einsatzteil auch im teilweise herausgewanderten Zustand in der Regel von den Schrumpfkräften noch fest umklammert war.Despite such measures, it has been shown in practice so far that insert parts cast in this way gradually move out of the encapsulating material surrounding them during engine operation, which could easily cause the ceramic part to strike against opposite parts of the combustion chamber wall and thus destroy the insert. It was interesting to note that the insert was usually still firmly gripped by the shrinking forces even in the partially migrated state.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, Bauteile oben genannter Art anzugeben, bei welchen die Einsätze im Motorbetrieb aus dem sie umklammernden Grundmaterial nicht herauswandern, also einen dauerhaft festen Halt im Bauteil-Grundwerkstoff besitzen. Des weiteren soll ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Bauteile angegeben werden.The object of the invention is to provide components of the type mentioned above, in which the inserts do not migrate out of the base material clasping them in engine operation, ie have a permanent, firm hold in the component base material. Furthermore should a method of manufacturing these components can be specified.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch Bauteile mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 gelöst.This object is achieved by components with the features of claim 1 and by a method according to
Demgemäß ist zur Entspannung eines sich unter den-Einsätzen aufbauenden Gasdruckes im Grundmaterial zu der Unterseite der Einsätze führend mindestens eine Gasdruckentlastungsbohrung vorgesehen. Diese Bohrungen, die erfindungsgemäß einen Durchmesser von 0,01 bis 10 mm aufweisen können, wirken als Entlüftungs- oder Druckentlastungskanäle, d.h. sie verhindern den Aufbau eines Druckgaspolsters in der Trennfuge zwischen Einsatzteil und Umgußmaterial.Accordingly, at least one gas pressure relief bore is provided for relieving a gas pressure building up under the inserts in the base material leading to the underside of the inserts. These holes, which may have a diameter of 0.01 to 10 mm according to the invention act, jerk relief channels than venting or D, ie they prevent the build up of a pressure gas cushion in the joint between the insert part and casting material.
Gemäß dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung wird der Einsatz zuerst im entsprechend vorbereiteten Bauteil oder im Formhohlraum der Gießform für das Bauteil in seiner Lage relativ zum übrigen Bauteil fixiert, erst danach werden die Entlastungsbohrungen durch geeignete Maßnahmen während des Gießens und durch mechanische Bearbeitung im Grundwerkstoff des Bauteils erzeugt. Das Verankern des Einsatzes im Grundwerkstoff erfolgt dabei zweckmäßigerweise durch Eingießen bzw. durch Einschrumpfen. Bei Einsätzen aus Keramikwerkstoff ist das Einpressen als Verbindungsverfahren nahezu ausgeschlossen, weil ein Keramikkörper die mechanischen Belastungen wahrscheinlich nicht aushalten würde.According to the method according to the invention, the insert is first fixed in its position relative to the other component in the correspondingly prepared component or in the mold cavity of the casting mold for the component, only then are the relief bores made by suitable measures during casting and by mechanical processing in the base material of the component generated. The insert is appropriately anchored in the base material by pouring or shrinking. For inserts of ceramic material, the pressing is almost impossible as the connection method, because a K would eramikkörper the mechanical stresses likely not stand.
Die Erfindung, die sich bevorzugt auf Einsätze aus porösem Keramikwerkstoff bezieht, beruht auf folgenden Erkenntnissen bzw. Überlegungen:
- Nach dem Umgießen befindet sich in der Trennfuge zwischen Einsatz und Umgußmaterial eine gewisse Menge eingeschlossener Gase oder kondensierter vergasbarer Substanzen, wie beispielsweise Wasser. Diese Stoffe können zum einen Einschlüsse von nicht vollständig entwichener Luft aus dem Formhohlraum sein; zum anderen rühren sie aber auch daher, daß Keramikteile von Natur aus eine gewisse unvermeidliche Porosität besitzen, was zur Folge hat, daß sie beim Erhitzen über längere Zeiträume Gase abgeben. Hinzu kommt eine manchmal ebenfalls über längere Zeit anhaltende Abspaltung von Kristallwasser aus dem Keramikwerkstoff. Unter dem Einfluß der hohen Motorbetriebstemperaturen expandieren die eingekapselten Gase oder vergasbaren Stoffe und treiben den Einsatz wie einen Pneumatikkolben nach außen.
- After the encapsulation, there is a certain amount of trapped gases or condensed gasifiable substances, such as water, for example, in the joint between insert and encapsulation material. On the one hand, these substances can be inclusions of air that has not completely escaped from the mold cavity; on the other hand, they also stem from the fact that ceramic parts inherently have a certain inevitable porosity, with the result that they give off gases when heated over long periods of time. In addition, crystal water is sometimes split off over a longer period of time from the ceramic material. Otorbetriebstemperaturen under the influence of high M expand the encapsulated gases or gasifiable materials and drive the use, such as a pneumatic piston to the outside.
Dem kann sich ein weiterer Vorgang überlagern. Bei der Erwärmung im Motorbetrieb dehnt sich nämlich der Kolben nicht völlig gleichmäßig aus, so daß es zu leichten Unrundheiten und örtlichen Spaltbildungen zwischen Umgußmaterial und Einsatz kommen kann. Die unter hohem Druck stehenden Verbrennungsgase dringen dann entlang diesen Spalten in die Trennebene zwischen Umgußmaterial und Einsatz ein. Beim Öffnen des Ausströmventils baut sich der Gasdruck im Verbrennungsraum in sehr kurzer Zeit ab, während das in die Trennebene eingedrungene Gas nur langsam entweichen kann, so daß bei jedem Arbeitstakt für eine gewisse Zeit ein Überdruck in der Trennebene besteht, der den Einsatz nach außen drängen will. Mit fortschreitendem Herauswandern wird das Gasvolumen in der Trennebene zunehmen und den Vorgang entsprechend beschleunigen. Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Druckentlastungsbohrungen verhindern den Aufbau eines Überdruckes in der Trennebene und damit den beschriebenen Vorgang des Herausdrückens des Einsatzes. Der nunmehr nur einseitig vom Verbrennungsraum her wirkende Druck der Verbrennungsgase wird bei Vorhandensein der Druckentlastungsbohrungen ständig den Einsatz oder das Eingußteil in seine tiefste Lage bzw. seine Umgußlage hineindrücken.Another process can overlap this. When the engine is warming up, the piston does not expand completely evenly, so that there may be slight out-of-roundness and local gaps between the casting material and the insert. The high pressure combustion gases then penetrate along these gaps into the parting line between To g ußmaterial and use. When the outflow valve is opened, the gas pressure in the combustion chamber is reduced in a very short time, while the gas which has entered the parting plane can only escape slowly, so that there is a positive pressure in the parting plane for a certain time each time, which forces the insert to the outside want. As the emigration progresses, the gas volume in the parting plane will increase and the process will accelerate accordingly. The pressure relief bores provided according to the invention prevent the build-up of excess pressure in the parting plane and thus the described process of pushing out the insert. The pressure of the combustion gases, which now only acts on one side from the combustion chamber, will constantly press the insert or the cast-in part into its deepest position or its cast-around position in the presence of the pressure relief bores.
Es ist zwar bereits bei Kolben bekannt, unter dem Einsatz eine zur Trennebene hin offene Bohrung im Grundmaterial vorzusehen. Diese Bohrung dient jedoch jeweils ganz anderen Funktionen.It is already known for pistons to use a hole in the base material that is open towards the parting plane. However, this hole serves completely different functions.
So zeigt die DE-OS 31 10 292 einen Kolben mit Keramikeinsatz, der ebenfalls im Boden der Kolbenkopfaussparung eine Bohrung aufweist, die von der Trennebene zwischen Einsatzteil und Kolbenkopf ins Innere des Kolbens führt. Es handelt sich jedoch nicht um ein eingegossenes, sondern um ein nachträglich rein mechanisch in den Kolbenkopf eingesetztes Einsatzteil, wobei die Bohrung der Schmierölführung dient.For example, DE-OS 31 10 292 shows a piston with a ceramic insert, which likewise has a bore in the bottom of the piston head recess, which leads from the parting plane between the insert and the piston head into the interior of the piston. However, it is not a cast-in part, but an insert that is subsequently inserted purely mechanically into the piston head, the bore serving as the lubricating oil guide.
Des weiteren ist in der PCT-Anmeldung WO 83/00535 ein Kolben mit einem warmfesten metallischen Einsatz im Bereich des Verbrennungsraumes beschrieben, bei dem im Boden der Kolbenkopfaussparung eine zentrische Bohrung vorgesehen ist. Diese Bohrung dient jedoch nur zum Entweichen der Luft während des Einpressens des Einsatzes in die Ausnehmung im Kolbenkopf. Sie ist nicht zur Entlüftung während des Motorbetriebs gedacht. Es sind nämlich im Boden der Kolbenkopfaussparung oder im Boden des Einsatzes Ausnehmungen vorgesehen, die der Reduzierung des Flächenkontaktes zwischen Einsatz und Grundmaterial dienen. Diese Ausnehmungen sind aber gerade nicht mit Bohrungen versehen, obwohl sie Gaspolster bilden. Ferner können Keramikeinsätze, wie bereits erwähnt, durch Einpressen nicht eingebracht werden. Diese
müssen eingegossen oder eventuell eingeschrumpft werden. Weder das Eingießen noch das Einschrumpfen wird aber den Fachmann veranlassen, eine Entlüftungsbohrung wie bei dem zur Rede stehenden Kolben einzubringen.Furthermore, in PCT application WO 83/00535 a piston with a heat-resistant metallic insert in the area of Combustion chamber described, a central bore is provided in the olbenkopfaussparung in the bottom of K. However, this hole only serves to escape the air during the pressing of the insert into the recess in the piston head. It is not intended for ventilation during engine operation. Namely, there are provided in the bottom of the piston head recess or in the bottom of the insert recesses, which serve to reduce the F lächenkontaktes between insert and basic material. However, these recesses are not provided with holes, although they form gas cushions. Further, K can eramikeinsätze, as already mentioned, are not introduced by press-fitting. These
must be poured in or possibly shrunk. However, neither the pouring nor the shrinking will cause the person skilled in the art to make a vent hole as in the piston in question.
Erfindungsgemäß kann zwar eine Entlüftungsbohrung im wesentlichen mittig vorgesehen sein. Da in der Mitte des Kolbenbodens jedoch die größten mechanischen Spannungen auftreten, ist es günstiger, mehrere Entlüftungsbohrungen außermittig vorzusehen. Mit einer größeren Anzahl peripher angeordneter Bohrungen mit kleinem Querschnitt wird ein relativ großer Entlüftungsquerschnitt dort geschaffen, wo die Gase während des Motorbetriebs in den Zwischenraum zwischen Einsatz und Kolbenboden eintreten. Hierdurch wird gleichzeitig einer Schwächung des Kolbens durch eine zu große zentrische Bohrung vermieden.According to the invention, a vent hole can be provided essentially in the middle. However, since the greatest mechanical stresses occur in the middle of the piston crown, it is cheaper to provide several ventilation holes off-center. With a larger number of peripherally arranged bores with a small cross section, a relatively large ventilation cross section is created where the gases enter the space between the insert and the piston crown during engine operation. At the same time, a weakening of the piston due to an excessively large central bore is thereby avoided.
Der Erfindungsgegenstand wird nachstehend anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele weiter erläutert.The subject matter of the invention is further explained below using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.
Es zeigt:It shows:
- Fig. l als erfindungsgemäßes Bauteil einen Kolben, undFig. L as a component according to the invention, a piston, and
- Fig. 2 einen Zylinderkopf als Bauteil in erfindungsgemäßer Ausführung.Fig. 2 shows a cylinder head as a component in the inventive design.
Wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, ist in einer Kolbenkopfaussparung 2 eines Kolbens 1 ein Einsatz, hier ein Eingußteil, angeordnet. Im Boden der Kolbenkopfausnehmung sind Entlastungsbohrungen 4 bzw. 5 angeordnet, die von der Trennebene 6 zwischen Einsatzteil 3 und Kolbenkopf ins Innere des Kolbens 1 führen.As shown in FIG. 1, an insert, here a cast part, is arranged in a piston head recess 2 of a piston 1.
Die Bohrung 4 ist dabei zentrisch angeordnet und die Bohrungen 5 sind außermittig bzw. peripher konzentrisch angeordnet, einen Kranz von Entlastungsbohrungen bildend.The bore 4 is arranged centrally and the
In Fig. 2 ist als erfindungsgemäß ausgebildetes Bau- teil ein Zylinderkopf 11 dargestellt, welcher in einer dem Verbrennungsraum zugekehrten Zylinderkopfaussparung 12 einen Einsatz 13 aufweist. Da durch die Anordnung der Einlaß- bzw. Auslaßkanäle 17 und 18 eine Unterbrechung des nach oben gewölbten Einsatzes vorhanden ist, ist hier mindestens eine mittige Entlastungsbohrung 14, die von der Trennebene 16 achsparallel weggeführt ist, vorgesehen. Die peripheren Entlastungsbohrungen 15 fühen von der Trennebene 16 zur Mantelfläche des Zylinderkopfes hin.In Fig. 2 is as according to the invention formed au- B part, a
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3420571 | 1984-06-01 | ||
| DE3420571A DE3420571C1 (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1984-06-01 | Component for internal combustion engines and method for its production |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0163241A2 true EP0163241A2 (en) | 1985-12-04 |
| EP0163241A3 EP0163241A3 (en) | 1986-04-02 |
| EP0163241B1 EP0163241B1 (en) | 1989-01-04 |
Family
ID=6237465
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP85106211A Expired EP0163241B1 (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1985-05-21 | Member for internal combustion engines and process for manufacturing the same |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4646692A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0163241B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS618449A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR890000752B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1270707A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3420571C1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0294091A2 (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1988-12-07 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Heat insulating piston structure |
| EP0294092A2 (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1988-12-07 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Heat-insulating engine structure |
| US5033427A (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1991-07-23 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Heat-insulating engine structure |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61237867A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1986-10-23 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Cylinder head for internal-combustion engine |
| DE3530924A1 (en) * | 1985-08-29 | 1987-03-12 | Alcan Aluminiumwerke | HEAT-RESISTANT COMPONENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| SE469908B (en) * | 1986-07-04 | 1993-10-04 | Volvo Ab | Combustion engine component with surface exposed to combustion gases, which is coated with a thermally insulating material and method of making the component |
| US4781157A (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1988-11-01 | Ford Motor Company | Multipart ceramic cylinder head |
| DE19848649C5 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2008-11-27 | Peter Greiner | Carbon piston for an internal combustion engine |
| US6354260B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2002-03-12 | Cwn, Inc. | Replaceable combustion chamber insert for two cycle engines and method for manufacturing same |
| US6874479B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2005-04-05 | Avl List Gmbh | Internal combustion engine |
| KR100680532B1 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2007-02-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Mounting apparatus for the heat activator in a combustion chamber |
| JP2007044615A (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-22 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Method for operating electrostatic precipitator |
| DE102012104820B4 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2014-10-09 | Actech Gmbh | Process for the production of composite castings |
| CN105484892A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-04-13 | 湖南江滨机器（集团）有限责任公司 | Piston, engine and piston manufacturing method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE725761C (en) * | 1940-04-03 | 1942-09-29 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Pistons, in particular light metal pistons for high-speed internal combustion engines |
| US4245611A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1981-01-20 | General Motors Corporation | Ceramic insulated engine pistons |
| DE3110292A1 (en) * | 1981-03-17 | 1982-09-30 | Rudolf Dr. 6800 Mannheim Wieser | Piston for internal combustion engine |
| EP0072140A1 (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1983-02-16 | Ae Plc | Pistons with combustion bowl inserts |
| DE3328435A1 (en) * | 1982-09-10 | 1984-03-15 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | Piston for internal combustion engines |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB160790A (en) * | 1920-03-27 | 1921-12-22 | Fried Krupp Germaniawerft Ag | Improvements in connecting weldable metal articles with articles which cannot be welded or are difficult to weld |
| US4018194A (en) * | 1975-01-06 | 1977-04-19 | Texaco Inc. | Engine piston with insulated combustion chamber |
| DE2541966A1 (en) * | 1975-09-19 | 1977-03-24 | Vox Lumatic Gmbh | Internal combustion engine piston - has anular cooling chamber to pass air below piston crown |
| SE433376B (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1984-05-21 | Saab Scania Ab | Piston engine with heat insulated combustion chamber |
| GB2092709B (en) * | 1981-02-07 | 1984-05-31 | Ae Plc | Securing piston crown |
-
1984
- 1984-06-01 DE DE3420571A patent/DE3420571C1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-05-16 US US06/734,867 patent/US4646692A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-05-21 EP EP85106211A patent/EP0163241B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-05-21 DE DE8585106211T patent/DE3567245D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-05-22 CA CA000482012A patent/CA1270707A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-05-31 KR KR1019850003820A patent/KR890000752B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-31 JP JP60118673A patent/JPS618449A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE725761C (en) * | 1940-04-03 | 1942-09-29 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Pistons, in particular light metal pistons for high-speed internal combustion engines |
| US4245611A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1981-01-20 | General Motors Corporation | Ceramic insulated engine pistons |
| DE3110292A1 (en) * | 1981-03-17 | 1982-09-30 | Rudolf Dr. 6800 Mannheim Wieser | Piston for internal combustion engine |
| EP0072140A1 (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1983-02-16 | Ae Plc | Pistons with combustion bowl inserts |
| DE3328435A1 (en) * | 1982-09-10 | 1984-03-15 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | Piston for internal combustion engines |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0294091A2 (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1988-12-07 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Heat insulating piston structure |
| EP0294092A2 (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1988-12-07 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Heat-insulating engine structure |
| EP0294091A3 (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1989-10-25 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Heat insulating piston structure |
| EP0294092A3 (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1989-10-25 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Heat-insulating engine structure |
| US5033427A (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1991-07-23 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Heat-insulating engine structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1270707A (en) | 1990-06-26 |
| JPS618449A (en) | 1986-01-16 |
| EP0163241B1 (en) | 1989-01-04 |
| KR890000752B1 (en) | 1989-04-03 |
| KR860000466A (en) | 1986-01-29 |
| EP0163241A3 (en) | 1986-04-02 |
| DE3567245D1 (en) | 1989-02-09 |
| DE3420571C1 (en) | 1986-01-09 |
| US4646692A (en) | 1987-03-03 |
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