EP0037184A2 - Liquid detergent compositions, their manufacture and their use in washing processes - Google Patents
Liquid detergent compositions, their manufacture and their use in washing processes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0037184A2 EP0037184A2 EP81300964A EP81300964A EP0037184A2 EP 0037184 A2 EP0037184 A2 EP 0037184A2 EP 81300964 A EP81300964 A EP 81300964A EP 81300964 A EP81300964 A EP 81300964A EP 0037184 A2 EP0037184 A2 EP 0037184A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- weight
- surfactant
- phosphonate
- alkali metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims description 50
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 builder Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003752 hydrotrope Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1C QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- BPSYZMLXRKCSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxaphosphepan-2-ium 2-oxide Chemical compound O=[P+]1OCCCCO1 BPSYZMLXRKCSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GWASTCVCPXFIQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC1OP(=O)O1 Chemical compound NC1OP(=O)O1 GWASTCVCPXFIQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RXTCWPTWYYNTOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=P1OCCCCCO1 Chemical compound O=P1OCCCCCO1 RXTCWPTWYYNTOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- TWYSBDNLTRUTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-A hexadecapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O TWYSBDNLTRUTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NFDRPXJGHKJRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N edtmp Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O NFDRPXJGHKJRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003916 ethylene diamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dtpmp Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(=O)O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricarballylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- TTZMPOZCBFTTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=P1OCO1 Chemical compound O=P1OCO1 TTZMPOZCBFTTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical compound NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 36
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid group Chemical group C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIOXZGOUEYHNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (carboxymethoxy)succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O CIOXZGOUEYHNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007930 Oxalis acetosella Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008098 Oxalis acetosella Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000020095 red wine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013042 solid detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- GPCTYPSWRBUGFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-amino-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(N)(C)P(O)(O)=O GPCTYPSWRBUGFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWMLJOLKUYYJFJ-DVKNGEFBSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroxyheptanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O KWMLJOLKUYYJFJ-DVKNGEFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYAPHLRPFNSDNH-MRFRVZCGSA-N (4s,4as,5as,6s,12ar)-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC(Cl)=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@]4(O)C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O QYAPHLRPFNSDNH-MRFRVZCGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFMDFTQOJHFVNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-ethylphenyl)ethyl]-4-ethylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(CC)C=C1 QFMDFTQOJHFVNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloxan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEQYKFQEQDSGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carboxybenzoyl)peroxycarbonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O DEQYKFQEQDSGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWVPFECTOKLOBL-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCO KWVPFECTOKLOBL-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKXYOQDLERSFPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-octadecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO JKXYOQDLERSFPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQAICDLOKRSRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO IEQAICDLOKRSRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020400 Hostility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052915 alkaline earth metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006295 amino methylene group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004651 carbonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002752 cationic softener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- NCEXYHBECQHGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl421 Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)S(=O)(=O)NC=2N=CC=CC=2)=C1 NCEXYHBECQHGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012933 diacyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010286 diolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- NXMSOLWESKBEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-difluoro-3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)C(C)=O NXMSOLWESKBEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014666 liquid concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXKBAZVOQAHGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NIXKBAZVOQAHGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVEFRICMTUKAML-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium tetradecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)CCC(CC(C)C)OS([O-])(=O)=O FVEFRICMTUKAML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009044 synergistic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HERBOKBJKVUALN-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O HERBOKBJKVUALN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3937—Stabilising agents
- C11D3/394—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3947—Liquid compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to liquid detergent compositions and more particularly to built liquid detergents compositions containing an active oxygen-containing compound.
- the rate of loss of activity of the solid active oxygen-containing compound can be significantly reduced to acceptable levels by contacting the compound with various peroxygen compound stabilisers, of which a particularly appropriate sort comprises alkali or alkaline earth metal silicates, as described for example in GBPS 1,553,505 to Interox Chemicals Ltd, and alternatively or additionally coating the solid particles of the compound with a suitable organic or inorganic barrier to prevent the compound coming into contact with the other components of the washing composition.
- suitable organic or inorganic barrier to prevent the compound coming into contact with the other components of the washing composition.
- detergent compositions can include organic complexing agents as builders.
- organic complexing agents such as about 1 per cent by weight were tested at 32°C for long-term storage compatibility with hydrogen peroxide under mildly alkaline conditions, the result was, in general, an unacceptable loss of peroxidic activity.
- an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution containing 1 per cent of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,tetra sodium salt lost a remarkable 96 per cent within two weeks and that containing 1 per cent of nitrilotriacetic acid, trisodium salt lost an enormous 79 per cent in one week.
- a stabilised aqueous built liquid detergent composition comprising at least 4 % of an anionic sulphate or sulphonate surfactant and/or of a non-ionic ethoxylate surfactant, at least 5 % of a builder selected from alkali metal polyphosphates, and carboxylic acid complexing builders, at least 2 % hydrogen peroxide, sufficient alkali metal aryl sulphonate hydrotrope to maintain the composition in a single phase, either by itself or in conjunction with other components, and a stabilising amount of a combination comprising a low molecular weight mono-hydroxy aliphatic alcohol, and/or a polyhydroxy aliphatic carboxylate and an aminomethylene phosphonate or hydroxy alkyl diphosphonate. Percentages for any component herein are by weight, based on the composition, unless specifically stated to the contrary.
- the anionic surfactant is an alkyl aryl sulphonate and in order to assist its biodegradability is preferably a linear alkyl aryl sulphonate.
- the alkyl group preferably contains from 9 to 18 carbon atoms, particularly the decyl, dodecyl or tetradecyl groups. Although other aryl groups can be used, the aryl group is normally benzene. Examples of suitable commercially available alkali metal alkyl aryl sulphonates are available under the trade names WARCODET K54 from Warwick Chemicals, England, NANSA SS60 from Albright and Wilson, England and especially HETSULF 60S from Heterene Chemicals Co, New Jersey.
- anionic surfactants that demonstrate compatability with hydrogen peroxide include alkyl sulphosuccinamate, the alkyl group preferably containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
- alkyl sulphosuccinamate the alkyl group preferably containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
- ALCOPOL FA from Allied Colloids, England.
- Suitable anionic sulphate surfactants include primary alcohol sulphates and primary alcohol ether sulphates, the alkyl group in the alcohol moiety of such compounds normally containing from 9 to 18 and frequently from 12 to 15 carbon atoms.
- Commercially available examples of such compounds include PERLANKROL D.S.A., E.S.D. and E.A.D.
- sulphonate surfactants include n-alkane and olefin sulphonates, the aliphatic moiety normally containing at least 12 and often from 13 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples of such compounds are available under the trade name HOSTAPUR S.A.S. and O.S. from Hoechst (UK). Mixtures of any two or more of the foregoing anionic surfactants can be employed. Generally the concentrate contains at least 3 % of the anionic sulphate and/or sulphonate surfactant and usually not more than 15 % .
- the non-ionic surfactant component of the composition is selected from primary alcohol ethoxylates and linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates.
- the alcohol component in each of these compounds preferably has a carbon chain length of R in the general formula RO(C 2 H 4 0) n H of at least 9 and frequently not more than 18 carbon atoms extending away from the ethoxylate moiety.
- the linear carbon chain of R is in the range of from 11 to 16 carbon atoms and in many cases the surfactant is derived from a mixture of alcohols.
- the degree of ethoxylation n is generally in the range of from 5 to 20 and in many very desirable ethoxylates, n is from 7 to 12. However,it is desirable also to take into account the relative proportions of the two moieties in the non-ionic surfactant involved, and this is often expressed in terms of the weight proportion of the ethoxylate moiety in the molecule.
- the proportion is desirably at least 50 %, normally not more than 85 % and preferably at least 60 % up to 80 %.
- a most desirable range of surfactants contains from 60 to 80 %, preferably 65 to 75 % by weight of the ethoxylate moiety and the alcohol moiety is a linear C 12 , C 13 , C 14 , C 15 or C 16 or a mixture of linear alcohols having an average carbon chain length within the range of 12 to 16. It will be recognised that in many preferred alcohol ethoxylates, the ratio of the number of carbon atoms in R to the degree of ethoxylation n in the ethoxylate moiety is generally in the range of from 3:2 to 2:1.
- Suitable commercially available alcohol ethoxylates are available under the tradenames SYNPERONIC A.7, A.9, and A .11, all from I.C.I., England, in which R is a mixture of C 13 and C 15 and the degree of ethoxylation are respectively 7, 9 and 11 TERGITOL 15-S-9 and 15-S-12, from Union Carbide, U . S .
- a . being C ll-15 linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates, having degrees of ethoxylation of respectively 9 and 12, L U B ROL 12 A.9 and 17 A.10 from I.C.I., England, the average chain lengths of R being respectively 12 and 17 and the degrees of ethoxylation 9.5 and 10 ETHYLAN CD9112 and D259, both from Diamond Shamrock, and BRIJ 35, 78 and 98, being respectively the lauryl, stearyl and oleyl ethers of polyoxyethylenes and RENEX 20 being a polyoxyethylene mixed fatty acid ester available from Honeywell Atlas.
- a further polyethylene oxide condensate that can be employed is available under the trade name MYKON 100 from Warwick Chemicals. Mixtures of two or more ethoxylated surfactants can be used. The amount of non ionic surfactant used is normally at least 3 % and frequently not more than 15 %.
- a third essential component of the built liquid detergent composition of the present invention is a builder selected from polyphosphate and carboxylic acid complexing builders.
- polyphosphates it is especially suitable to employ pyrophosphates, and more particularly the tetra potassium or tetra sodium salts or mixtures thereof.
- the tetra-potassium pyrophosphate salt is selected, by virtue of its solubility being superior to that of the corresponding sodium salt in concentrated liquid detergent compositions.
- a di-alkali metal di-hydrogen pyrophosphate as a proportion of the polyphosphate builder, its incorporation, eg 30-60 % of the polyphosphate builder mix tends to produce a lower pH in the washing solution obtained simply by dissolution of the liquid detergent composition, providing a wash and stain removal detectably inferior to that obtained when the tetra alkali metal salt is employed instead, in otherwise identical compositions.
- the polyphosphate can be introduced into the detergent composition either as a solid which is dissolved, or in the form of an aqueous solution, but the percentages given herein are of a dry weight basis.
- the organic complexing builders contemplated herein tend to fall into three classes, hydroxycarboxylic acid, aminocarboxylic acid and oxacarboxylic acid.
- hydroxycarboxylic acid builders a particularly suitable one is citric acid, usually introduced as the tri-alkali metal salt, and on cost grounds, as the trisodium salt.
- citric acid usually introduced as the tri-alkali metal salt, and on cost grounds, as the trisodium salt.
- Mixtures of the hydroxycarboxylic acid builders and polyphosphates for example citric acid and tetrapyrophosphate both in salt form, can also be used, often in a weight ratio of 2:1 to 1:2.
- an alkaline adjuster sodium metaborate is very suitable.It is desirable to use not more than about 20 % of pyrophosphates amd where tripolyphosphate is used not more than about 10 to 15 %.
- nitrilo triacetic acid normally alkali metal salt thereof, (NTA) is most prominent.
- NTA alkali metal salt thereof
- use of the salt tends to produce a somewhat higher pH than of a corresponding weight of hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing builder and probably as a result thereof the resultant built detergent composition tends to show slightly inferior hydrogen peroxide stability.
- it is preferable to downwardly adjust the pH of the mix by introducing it in part acid form. In practice, often not more than 10% NTA is employed.
- carboxymethyloxysuccinate deserves mentioned. For practical reasons it is preferable to employ from 5 to 8% of this builder. Where higher than 8% builder is desired, the balance above 8% is more advantageously provided by one of the other aforementioned builders.
- the sulphonate hydrotropes are suitably the alkali metal salts of benzene or methyl-substituted benzene sulphonates, most commonly xylene sulphonate and toluene sulphonate.
- the sodium or potassium salt is employed.
- a proportion of the hydrotrope can be provided by incorporation of one or more ethoxylated phosphate esters. Such esters chemically can be regarded as phosphate ester derivatives of the aforementioned non-ionic ethoxylate surfactants described hereinbefore. In many embodiments, the product used is a mixture of the two.
- the degree of ethoxylation in the ethoxylated moiety is generally the range from 2 to 12 and often in the range of 2 to 6, and the carbon chain length of the hydrophobic alkyl group R is normally from 9 to 18.
- the alkyl group is often from C 8 to C 12
- their use for such purposes is being increasingly viewed with hostility by water authorities because suitable methods have not yet been found to degrade them biologically.
- the phosphate esters often are available in the acid form and they can be employed as such in the liquid detergent compositions of the present invention, but their use in that way does tend to lower the pH of the composition and of the subsequent washing solution and if desired, the phosphate ester can be partially or completely neutralised with alkali metal hydroxide, especially sodium or potassium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide.
- the total proportion of sulphonate hydrotrope plus ethoxylated phosphate ester is normally selected within the range of from 3 % to 12 %, of which the sulphonate hydrotrope is frequently from 3 to 9 % and the ethoxylated phosphate ester the balance.
- a small proportion of ethoxylated phosphate ester, for example from 1 to 3 % can be advantageous in improving the washing ability of the composition for certain commonly encountered stains like cocoa, for example where the ratio of the anionic to non-ionic surfactant is relatively high, such as at approximately 1:1 or higher.
- the stabiliser system for hydrogen peroxide in the composition comprises an amino methylene phosphonate or hydroxy alkyl diphosphonate and either or both of a low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol, and a polyhydroxy aliphatic carboxylate.
- the low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol is most preferably ethanol, particularly in the view of its combination of properties in that, not only does it effectively and surprisingly improve the storage stability of hydrogen peroxide in the composition, in combination with the other components despite the fact that its presence tends to increase the alkalinity of the solution, as measured by a standard pH electrode, but it also cooperates with the aforementioned hydrotropes in retaining a one phase system and consequently provides higher flexibility in formulating compositions.
- the low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol is employed, preferably, in an amount of at least 5 % of the composition and are generally not more than 15 %. In many embodiments it is employed within the range of from 7 to 12 %.
- the higher weight aliphatic alcohols such as propanol and butanol are considerably less desirable by virtue, it is believed, of their poorer water solubility so that the compounds can be employed to only a much smaller proportion of the composition than can ethanol.
- many of the compositions described herein containing comparatively high amounts of surfactant and builder can remain in a single-storage stable phase when they contain 10 % of ethanol, but when the same amount of butanol or propanol is employed instead, phase separation occurs.
- the polyhydroxy aliphatic carboxylate generally contains at least 5 carbon atoms and normally up to 10 carbon atoms. Although the carbon chain in the molecule can be branched, in many effective examples the compound is linear, terminating at one end in a carboxylate group, and preferably having a chain length of 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms. Desirably all, or at least the majority of the remaining carbon atoms are substituted by an hydroxyl group.
- the compound can be in acid form, but preferably is neutralised with an alkali metal, preferably sodium or potasium. Preferred compounds of this class include the acid or neutralised forms of gluconic acid and glycero-ido heptonate.
- the polyhydroxy compound is employed in an amount of at least 0.08 % of the composition and in many cases not more than 1 %.
- the phosphonate component of the stabilised system can be introduced in the acid form, but it will be recognised that, if the acid form is employed initially, to a certain extent the resultant solution will have a lower pH and impairment of overall washing performance can thereby ensue.
- the phosphonate component is therefore introduced preferably in an at least partial alkali metal salt form.
- amino methylene phosphonates is meant any compound containing an amino group substituted by a methylene phosphonic acid group or salt thereof.
- Many suitable phosphonates can be represented by the general formula, in acid form:- in which p is normally from 2 to 6 and q is normally from 0 to 2.
- ethylene diamino tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) hexa potassium salt and diethylene triamino penta (methylene phosphonic acid) OT hexa potassium salt.
- Further suitable examples include hexamethylene diamino tetra (methylene phosphonic acid), penta sodium salt and amino tri(methylene phosphonic acid) penta sodium salt.
- one or more of the methylene groups linking the amino groups can be substituted at the carbon atom by a lower alkyl group or at one carbon only by an hydroxyl group or the substituents of two such suitably spaced, preferably adjacent carbon atoms can combine to form cycloaliphatic ring preferably containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic diphosphonates can conveniently be represented in acid form by the formula YZC(P0 3 H 2 ) 2 in which Y represents an hydroxyl or amino group, the amino group itself optionally being substituted by a lower alkyl, a lower alkylamino or a lower hydroxyalkyl group, lower indicating from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Z represents a lower alkyl, preferably methyl group.
- Y represents an hydroxyl or amino group
- the amino group itself optionally being substituted by a lower alkyl, a lower alkylamino or a lower hydroxyalkyl group, lower indicating from 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- Z represents a lower alkyl, preferably methyl group.
- Examples of such diphosphonates include 1 - amino ethane - 1,1- diphosphonic acid and 1 - hydroxyethane - 1,1-diphosphonic acid, and preferably the alkali metal salts thereof.
- any two or more of the aforementioned amino-methylene phosphonates and/or diphosphonates can be employed, as desired.
- Such a compound or compounds are preferably employed in an amount of at least 0.075 % by weight of the composition and generally an amount of not more than 1 % and often the amount is selected from the range of 0.1 % to 0.4 %.
- Use of larger amounts than 1 % do not in general repay the additional cost of their incorporation, and for each phosphonate an amount is reached beyond which increasing the amount leads to impaired stabilisation.
- the weight ratio of the polyhydroxy compound to the phosphonate is within the range of-3 to 1 to 1 to 3 and often within the range of 2 to 1 to 1 to 1, and their combined % is preferably from 0.2 to 1.0 %.
- the lower molecular weight aliphatic alcohol is selected within a weight ratio to the phosphonate of from 50:1 to 2.5:1, and preferably from 50 to 1 to 20 to 1, when the stabiliser system consists of the phosphonate and the alcohol, preferably employing a comparatively high amount of the phosphonate, namely at least 0.15 % generally up to 0.4 %.
- the weight ratio is varied inversely to variation in the phosphonate concentrate.
- the product of the weight ratio of alcohol to phosphonate and the concentration of the phosphonate expressed as a percentage in the two component stabiliser system is preferably at least 8 and often from 9 to 12. It is specially desirable to employ all three stabiliser components together in the detergent composition especially in a combined amount of at least 0.2 % for the polyhydroxy compound and the phosphonate, and at least 5 % of the aliphatic alcohol. In many embodiments, it is convenient and advantageous to select the components within the ranges of 0.1 to 0.4 % for each of the polyhydroxy and phosphonate components and from 5 to 12 and particularly from 8 to 12 % for the aliphatic alcohol, especially ethanol.
- the hydrogen peroxide can conveniently be incorporated in the form of the appropriate amount of concentrated hydrogen peroxide, eg 35 to 85 % W/W hydrogen peroxide commercially available, which often contains from 10 ppm pyrophosphate. It is often incorporated in the solution in the range of from 3 to 10 %, frequently from 5 to 8 % and for industrial uses often from 10 to 20 % (expressed as 100%.) Lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide could be employed, but in general these would not enable a desirable amount of active oxygen to be provided in the washing solution unless the concentration of the other components in the detergent composition were correspondingly reduced also.
- the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the range 5 to 8 % in the detergent composition when diluted to form a washing solution by a factor selected within the range of 100:1 to 1000:1 and often preferably from 200:1 to 500:1 can readily provide active oxygen concentrations commensurate with-those provided by normal concentrations of many heavy duty solid detergent compositions or by the addition of an active oxygen bleach at recommended levels to commercially obtainable active oxygen-free liquid detergents.
- the total proportion of components other than water and hydrogen peroxide normally is selected to be not greater than 52 %.
- a total proportion eg below 20 % of such components could be employed in compositions, whether built or not, it is more desirable to provide such components to a total proportion of at least 20 % and more preferably at least 30 % of the liquid composition, not only from the point of view of reducing the volume of unnecessary water to be transported but also because the user often associates dilute products with inferior products.
- the totaled proportions of components other than water and hydrogen peroxide in the built compositions is at least 35 % and frequently not more that 45 %.
- the prefered concentration of polyphosphate or citrate in the detergent compositions is from 9 to 16 %.
- the proportion of anionic sulphate or sulphonate surfactant plus ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant in the concentrate is preferably within the range of from 6 to 15 %, the weight ratio of anionic to non-ionic surfactants normally being selected within the range of 5:2 to 2:5, in order to produce a balanced surfactant mix for the treatment of the general mix of household stains.
- anionic to non-ionic surfactant weight ratios outside the aforementioned range can be readily contemplated. Hence, e.g.
- a lower anionic to non-ionic ratio can be more desirable, for example in the range of 1 to 2.5 to 1 to 5.
- the anionic surfactants are present preferably in an amount from 3 to 8 %, and often at least 4 %, and the builder is preferably polyphosphate or citrate, frequently at from 9 to 16 %, and the non-ionic surfactant content is normally at least 3 % and again often at least 4 %, with the result that the anionic sulphonate or sulphate surfactant and nonionic ethoxylated surfactant are present in such compositions in total amount advantageously of at least 8 %.
- the total amount of adjuvants generally up to 8% and in many cases, being from 1 to 5 %.
- adjuvants include soil anti-redeposition agents, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, often in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.3 % and an optical brightener or a range of brighteners to allow for the various sorts of fibres from which household laundry articles are made, to a total amount often in the range of 0.5 to 2 % of the composition. It is generally desirable to select as brightener those of the stilbene type which have demonstratable storage compatibility with hydrogen peroxide in solution.
- the composition will also contain a very small proportion of alkali metal sulphate formed during the neutralisation of the anionic surfactant during its preparation.
- the compositions can also include a small amount of mono-or di or tri ethanolamine, or alkali metal borates as pH adjusters, but alkali metal silicates and carbonates are excluded, or of amphoteric surfactants such as imidazoline based fatty acid carboxysulphates. eg. from 0.5 to 2 %.
- the adjuvants can also include a small amount of foam regulators, for example ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers such as are available from Ugine Kuhlmann, France under the Tradename PLURONIC, grades L42 and F.108, and soaps i.e. alkali metal salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids, having a chain length of at least 8 carbon atoms and normally from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, examples of which include stearate, and soaps derived from natural sources, particularly tallow and coconut oils, again often up to 2% by weight.
- foam regulators for example ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers such as are available from Ugine Kuhlmann, France under the Tradename PLURONIC, grades L42 and F.108
- soaps i.e. alkali metal salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids having a chain length of at least 8 carbon atoms and normally from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, examples of which include stearate, and soaps
- adjuvants can comprise compatible tarnish inhibitors, cationic softeners, dyes, perfumes and thickeners, such as xanthan gum for citrate-built formulations.
- the amounts of the adjuvants can be varied by the skilled worker within or outside the exemplified ranges.
- compositions according to the present invention comprise from 8 to 12 % in total of anionic sulphate or sulphonate surfactant and nonionic ethoxylated surfactants of which preferably from 3 to 8 % is anionic sulphate or sulphonate surfactant and preferably from 3 to 8 % is non-ionic ethoxylated surfactant, from 9 to 15 % alkali metal preferably, potassium tetra pyrophosphate; from 3 to 6 % alkali metal aryl sulphonate hydrotrope; from 5 to 12 %, preferably 8 to 12 % ethanol; from 5 to 10 %, preferably 5 to 8 % hydrogen peroxide;.from 0.2 to 1 % in total of a polyhydroxy linear C 6 or C 7 aliphatic carboxylate, preferably an alkali metal gluconate and an alkali metal methylene phosphonate complexing agent, preferably ethylene diaminetetra methylene phosphonate or
- unbuilt detergent compositions according to the present invention contain at least 5% nonionic surfactant and in total at least 10% surfactants.
- the presence of the extra surfactants means that the balance of anionic to nonionic generally favours the nonionic to a much greater extent than in built compositions according to the present invention.
- the anionic surfactant is normally selected in the range of 3 to 15%, but the nonionic is normally selected in the range of 5 to 35%.
- the weight ratio of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant is preferably selected in the range of 1:1 to 1:6, and in practice is often likely to be in the range of 1:3 to 1:6.
- the anionic surfactant often represents from 3 to 10% of the unbuilt composition and the nonionic surfactant at least 15% and frequently from 20 to 35%.
- the surfactants concentration is not more than 40% and particularly is from 25 to 40%, of which the anionic comprises from 3 to 8% and the nonionic from 22 to 35%.
- the unbuilt compositions can, in practice, be slightly more concentrated than the built compositions. Thus, the total proportion of components other than water and hydrogen peroxide is generally up to 65% and frequently from 40 to 60%.
- compositions either built or unbuilt, be free from alkali metal carbonates or silicates.
- compositions described herein can be made conveniently by mixing the components in the desired proportions in a mixing tank, and to avoid and minimise loss of hydrogen peroxide by decomposition it is preferable to add it as the last step, or at least after the two stabiliser components have been introduced.
- the surfactants are preferably mixed at a moderately elevated temperature, often from 35 to 60 o C, and then combined with the other components which brings the mixture to near ambient for the introduction of the hydrogen peroxide.
- the polyphosphate is introduced in aqueous solution, either supplied as such by the manufacturer or prepared on site by dissolution.
- the minor components, detergent adjuvants and sulphonate hydrotrope can be mixed in with the surfactant mix.
- the various solutions and water can be introduced consecutively or concurrently into the mixing tank except as mentioned hereinbefore that the hydrogen peroxide solution is preferably introduced last or starting last.
- the process has been described in a batch manner it will be readily apparent to a skilled engineer how to carry out the process on a continuous basis.
- the composition when throroughly mixed, can then be poured into containers or dispensers.
- the containers or dispensers for such embodiments need not be of the specially vented and thus expensive types, but instead containers having a slightly loose fitting closure means, such as cap or stopper can be used.
- washing processes, or laundering, according to the present invention can be carried out by diluting the liquid concentrate of the present invention with water to a desired extent, and contacting the aqueous washing solution with the articles to be washed at any temperature from ambient to the boiling point of the solution.
- the process is carried out at hand hot temperature or hotter, often a temperature of at least 45 o C and, depending on local washing customs, frequently at a temperature of at least 60 o C.
- a one shot liquid detergent composition containing not only hydrogen peroxide, but also a high concentration of anionic and non-ionic surfactants of the order needed to form a washing solution without the addition of any further components.
- the detergent composition described herein before can be employed in conjunction with one or more bleach activators, i.e. compounds which react in aqueous solution with hydrogen peroxide to generate peroxy acids, preferably added separately to the washing solution to prevent premature interaction.
- bleach activators i.e. compounds which react in aqueous solution with hydrogen peroxide to generate peroxy acids, preferably added separately to the washing solution to prevent premature interaction.
- Such compounds are normally N-acyl or 0-acyl compounds.
- each activator which each represents, includes N,N,N',N',-tetraacetylethylene-diamine of N-acylated alkyleneamines, benzoic or phthalic anhydride, tetra acetyl glycoluril,N-alkyl-N-sulphonyl-carbonamides, N-acyl hydantoins, carbonic acid esters, triacetyl cyanurate, O,N,N'-tri substituted hydroxylamines and diacyl peroxides such as benzoyl glutaryl peroxide and diphthaloyl peroxide.
- the concentrates of the present invention are diluted to produce washing solutions containing from 0.1 to 1.5 gpl surfactant.
- concentration of surfactants is within the range of 0.2 to 0.6 gpl and such concentrations can be obtained'from many of the preferred detergent compositions of the present invention such as those containing at least 8 % surfactants at a dilution of greater than 100 to 1, and often at a dilution of from 200 to 1 to 300 to 1.
- the washing period can range from as low as a minute or a few minutes e.g. 5 minutes at washing temperature at or near the boiling point of the washing solution, e.g. from 90 to 100 0 C up to a period of several hours at cooler wash temperatures, such as overnight steeping at ambient temperature.
- the washing period can be varied at the discretion of the user. Typical washing times at a temperature of 40 to 70 ° C are of the order from 5 to 40 minutes.
- compositions can be used neat or after dilution to cleanse hard surfaces, such as those of enamel, paint, metal, plastic, wood, glass or ceramics.
- Liquid detergent compositions according to the present invention were prepared by the following general route, employing the weight proportions summarised in Tables 1, 2 and 3 below.
- compositions to one or more of the exemplified compositions were obtained by substituting alternative nonionic surfactants such as poly oxyethylene alkyl ethers or poly oxyethylene alkyl ethers for the specified ethoxylates, and/or substituting ammonium primary alcohol ether sulphate for the specified sulphate surfactant, and/or by substituting ethoxylated phosphate mono ester of higher degree of ethoxylation for the specified di-ester, and or by substituting other polyphosphate builders for those specified.
- alternative nonionic surfactants such as poly oxyethylene alkyl ethers or poly oxyethylene alkyl ethers for the specified ethoxylates, and/or substituting ammonium primary alcohol ether sulphate for the specified sulphate surfactant, and/or by substituting ethoxylated phosphate mono ester of higher degree of ethoxylation for the specified di-ester, and or by substituting other polyphosphate builders for those specified.
- the storage stability trial for Tables 1 and 2 was effected by transferring a small sample of the given composition into a clean plastic bottle housed in a constant temperature enclosure at 32 0 C.
- the available oxygen concentration (Avox) in the composition was determined by the standard acidified potassium permanganate titration method on a small portion extracted from the sample and the result obtained after storage for a given period compared with the original content.
- the result given in Tables 1 and 2 is the percentage of Avox lost from the hydrogen peroxide after 3 weeks storage, except in Examples 43 to 52 in which it is after 4 weeks storage.
- the storage stability trials for Table 3 were carried out in the same manner as that for Tables 1 and 2 except that the temperature of the enclosure was 50 0 C in order to accelerate proceedings.
- the washing trials were carried out in the following manner:-Prestained swatches of cotton were washed in a laboratory scale washing machine, sold under the name TERGOTOMETER (US Testing Corporation) which simulates the action of a vertical agitator type of domestic washing machine.
- the machine trials were carried out under standard conditions of two stained swatches, each of 5g, being washed at a temperature maintained at 60 0 C with one litre of an aqueous washing solution containing 4 grams of the selected detergent composition.
- the first washed swatches were removed from the wash water after 10 minutes washing, rinsed with cold water and dried, and the second removed after 20 or 30 minutes washing and similarly rinsed and dried.
- the extent of stain removal from each swatch was determined by measuring the reflectance of the swatches before and after washing, using a Zeiss ELREPHO Reflectance Photometer having a Xenon lamp light source equipped with a y-tristimulus filter. Each swatch was measured four times with a backing of three thicknesses of material.
- % stain removal (abbreviated to % SR ) was obtained using the following formula: where R u represents reflectance of the unstained cloth, Ri reflectance of the cloth after staining, and R f reflectance of the the stained cloth after bleaching.
- R u represents reflectance of the unstained cloth
- Ri reflectance of the cloth after staining
- R f reflectance of the the stained cloth after bleaching.
- the washing solution water had a hardness of 150 ppm as calcium carbonate in a Ca:Mg ratio of 2:1 and in those summarised in Table 6, a hardness of 250 ppm as calcium carbonate in a Ca:Mg ratio of 3:1
- the detergent composition of the present invention additionally contained 0.5 % by weight of a bleach stable stilbene optical brightener obtainable under the name UVITEX BHT. Washing trials using compositions C41, and C42 are present by way of comparison only.
- the composition C41 was a commercially available built liquid detergent composition WISK
- C42 was an approximately 50/50 W/W mixture of WISK with an active-oxygen containing bleach additive CLOROX 2.
- Analysis of the products C41 and C42 showed that at the levels of detergent composition employed, the washing solution contained total surfactants in the range of 0.3 to 0.4 gpl and an initial builder plus pH adjuster concentration of about 0.4 gpl. These concentrations are very comparable with the concentrations of surfactants and builders present under standard conditions of use of the invention compositions (4 gpl) and in broad terms double those when the invention compositions are used at only 2 gpl.
- compositions of the instant invention combine the advantages of good storage stability with good washing performance.
- washing trials were repeated employing washing compositions that omitted the phosphonate and gluconate stabilisers, but were otherwise identical, the washing results were also identical, being within 1 % stain removal, i.e. within the limits of reproducibility of the washing tests, indicating that the presence of the phosphonate and gluconate stabiliser had not impaired the washing performance even though they had considerably improved the storage stability of the composition
- compositions were prepared by the method for Examples 1 to 64 except that the step relating to incorporating builder was omitted.
- the Avox of the compositions was required after 4 weeks storage at 32 0 C and the washing trials were carried out in exactly the same manner as those whose results are summarised in Tables 4 to 6, in hard water having a hardness of 150ppm as calcium carbonate in a Ca:Mg ratio of 2:1.
- the effectiveness of the soil removal can be judged by comparison with commercially available detergent compositions in the USA, viz WISK and DYNAMO each at 2 gpl, on further examples of the stains under the same conditions of wash temperature, water hardness and wash duration, either alone or in 50:50 weight mix with a bleach additive CLOROX 2.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to liquid detergent compositions and more particularly to built liquid detergents compositions containing an active oxygen-containing compound.
- For many years, many solid heavy duty washing compositions have contained one or more active oxygen-containing compounds (sometimes called per-compounds or peroxygen compounds) in order to oxidise and de-colourise various stains commonly encountered in household laundry, and to thereby complement the other components of the washing composition. However, it has been recognised that even in such solid compositions where the active oxygen-containing compounds and the alkaline components of the washing composition are both in solid form, there is a tendency for the activity of the active oxygen-containing compound to diminish during storage of the washing composition, on account of interaction of the percompound with the alkaline components and water vapour in the air surrounding the composition. The rate of loss of activity of the solid active oxygen-containing compound can be significantly reduced to acceptable levels by contacting the compound with various peroxygen compound stabilisers, of which a particularly appropriate sort comprises alkali or alkaline earth metal silicates, as described for example in GBPS 1,553,505 to Interox Chemicals Ltd, and alternatively or additionally coating the solid particles of the compound with a suitable organic or inorganic barrier to prevent the compound coming into contact with the other components of the washing composition. Examples of compositions stabilised by coating are described in USP 3847830 assigned to Laporte Industries Limited and USP 3992317 and USP 4105827, both assigned to Interox S.A..
- Examination of the prior art demonstrates a marked reluctance on the part of producers of detergent compositions to employ built aqueous alkaline liquid detergent compositions containing a peroxygen compound. For example, USP 3850831 assigned to Mo Och Domsjo Aktiebolag deliberately employs non-aqueous compositions instead of aqueous compositions because they were unable to prevent rapid decomposition of the peroxygen compound during storage of the aqueous composition. In USP 3852210, assigned to Flow Pharmaceuticals Inc., the liquid detergent composition described was builder-free, and its pH was adjusted by addition of acid to pH 4 in the example in which the stability of that composition was tested. More recently, in USP 4166794, assigned to Colgate-Palmolive liquid bleach-softener compositions containing hydrogen peroxide were described, but such compositions contained cationic compounds instead of anionic surfactants, did not include a builder and their pH was adjusted to pH 4 to 5.
- It is not surprising that the prior art sought ways to side-step the problems of providing a storage-stable heavy duty alkaline liquid detergent composition containing an active oxygen-containing compound such as hydrogen peroxide, because the problems are much greater than for solid compositions. By virtue of the fact that all the components are in the liquid phase, they are inevitably always in intimate contact with each other and cannot be separated from the others simply by a coating technique. This would not matter if the other components in combination were compatible with hydrogen peroxide, but in practice this is not the case. Two of the main contributors to hydrogen peroxide instability are anionic surfactants and builders such as polyphosphate which are both time-honoured, readily available and cost effective components of washing compositions, but which generate mildly alkaline conditions in an aqueous concentrate, often from pH 8.5 to 9.5 when present in the ranges of concentrations suitable for a detergent concentrate. The instability of hydrogen peroxide under such conditions can be seen from the following results. A solution of 10 per cent tetra-potassium pyrophosphate and 5 per cent hydrogen peroxide in demineralized water lost 62 per cent of the available oxygen (activity of the active oxygen-containing compound) within a fortnight and a similar composition containing the corresponding sodium salt lost 44 per cent within a week.
- The significance of this becomes more plain when it is recalled that pyrophosphate in low concentrations, and especially under acidic conditions, is employed as a stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide. It will, thus, be recognised that the problem of providing a storage stable aqueous alkaline detergent composition and especially a built detergent composition presents difficulties that are peculiar to such compositions.
- It has also been suggested that detergent compositions can include organic complexing agents as builders. When small amounts of organic complexing agents, such as about 1 per cent by weight were tested at 32°C for long-term storage compatibility with hydrogen peroxide under mildly alkaline conditions, the result was, in general, an unacceptable loss of peroxidic activity. For example, an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution containing 1 per cent of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,tetra sodium salt lost a remarkable 96 per cent within two weeks and that containing 1 per cent of nitrilotriacetic acid, trisodium salt lost an incredible 79 per cent in one week. A solution of hydrogen peroxide containing 1.3 per cent of ethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid), potassium salt lost 50 per cent within a week. Clearly, the aforementioned results demonstrate that in such compositions the hydrogen peroxide is not storage stable under such alkaline conditions. Moreover, when alkali metal silicates which act as stabilisers for solid percompounds are introduced even at 1 % into stabilised alkaline detergent compositions described hereinafter a more rapid loss of available oxygen occurs.Therefore, the need for a storage-stabilised aqueous alkaline detergent composition is still to be satisfied.
- There is a further complicating factor to be borne in mind when considering the feasibility of producing a useful liquid detergent composition that is stabilised against loss of peroxide activity. When such liquid compositions are used for laundering, their primary use, they are merely diluted so that there is no change in the physical state of the composition such as occurs when a solid composition is dissolved. Hence, those compounds which are included in the concentrated detergent composition to prevent interaction of the peroxide with other components during storage inevitably are still present in the wash solution in the same weight ratio to the peroxide and with continuing capability to prevent interaction. It would therefore be expected that if a high ratio of stabiliser 1;0 peroxide is employed in:order to obtain a mix of improved storage stability, the rate and extent of utilisation of the peroxide would be impaired, which would manifest itself in impaired washing performance.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide an liquid detergent composition in a concentrated form which can be diluted to form a washing and laundering solution.
- It is a further object of some embodiments of the present invention to provide aqueous alkaline detergent compositions containing a builder and hydrogen peroxide stabilised sufficently to avoid the use of special vented containers.
- It is a still further object of certain embodiments of the present invention to provide aqueous alkaline detergent compositions containing a builder and hydrogen peroxide stabilised against excessive decomposition during storage, which provide a washing performance substantially the same as for the corresponding unstabilised composition.
- According to the present invention there is provided a stabilised aqueous built liquid detergent composition comprising at least 4 % of an anionic sulphate or sulphonate surfactant and/or of a non-ionic ethoxylate surfactant, at least 5 % of a builder selected from alkali metal polyphosphates, and carboxylic acid complexing builders, at least 2 % hydrogen peroxide, sufficient alkali metal aryl sulphonate hydrotrope to maintain the composition in a single phase, either by itself or in conjunction with other components, and a stabilising amount of a combination comprising a low molecular weight mono-hydroxy aliphatic alcohol, and/or a polyhydroxy aliphatic carboxylate and an aminomethylene phosphonate or hydroxy alkyl diphosphonate. Percentages for any component herein are by weight, based on the composition, unless specifically stated to the contrary.
- The anionic surfactant, especially suitably, is an alkyl aryl sulphonate and in order to assist its biodegradability is preferably a linear alkyl aryl sulphonate. The alkyl group preferably contains from 9 to 18 carbon atoms, particularly the decyl, dodecyl or tetradecyl groups. Although other aryl groups can be used, the aryl group is normally benzene. Examples of suitable commercially available alkali metal alkyl aryl sulphonates are available under the trade names WARCODET K54 from Warwick Chemicals, England, NANSA SS60 from Albright and Wilson, England and especially HETSULF 60S from Heterene Chemicals Co, New Jersey. Other anionic surfactants that demonstrate compatability with hydrogen peroxide include alkyl sulphosuccinamate, the alkyl group preferably containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms. A commercially available example of such a compound is ALCOPOL FA from Allied Colloids, England. Suitable anionic sulphate surfactants include primary alcohol sulphates and primary alcohol ether sulphates, the alkyl group in the alcohol moiety of such compounds normally containing from 9 to 18 and frequently from 12 to 15 carbon atoms. Commercially available examples of such compounds include PERLANKROL D.S.A., E.S.D. and E.A.D. being respectively a sodium primary alcohol sulphate, sodium primary alcohol ether sulphate, and ammonium primary alcohol ether sulphate, all available from Diamond Shamrock. Other useable sulphonate surfactants include n-alkane and olefin sulphonates, the aliphatic moiety normally containing at least 12 and often from 13 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples of such compounds are available under the trade name HOSTAPUR S.A.S. and O.S. from Hoechst (UK). Mixtures of any two or more of the foregoing anionic surfactants can be employed.Generally the concentrate contains at least 3 % of the anionic sulphate and/or sulphonate surfactant and usually not more than 15 %.
- In many embodiments of the present invention, the non-ionic surfactant component of the composition is selected from primary alcohol ethoxylates and linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates. The alcohol component in each of these compounds preferably has a carbon chain length of R in the general formula RO(C2H40)nH of at least 9 and frequently not more than 18 carbon atoms extending away from the ethoxylate moiety. In many commercially available compounds, the linear carbon chain of R is in the range of from 11 to 16 carbon atoms and in many cases the surfactant is derived from a mixture of alcohols.
- In the ethoxylate moiety of such compounds, the degree of ethoxylation n is generally in the range of from 5 to 20 and in many very desirable ethoxylates, n is from 7 to 12. However,it is desirable also to take into account the relative proportions of the two moieties in the non-ionic surfactant involved, and this is often expressed in terms of the weight proportion of the ethoxylate moiety in the molecule. The proportion is desirably at least 50 %, normally not more than 85 % and preferably at least 60 % up to 80 %. A most desirable range of surfactants contains from 60 to 80 %, preferably 65 to 75 % by weight of the ethoxylate moiety and the alcohol moiety is a linear C12, C13, C14, C15 or C16 or a mixture of linear alcohols having an average carbon chain length within the range of 12 to 16. It will be recognised that in many preferred alcohol ethoxylates, the ratio of the number of carbon atoms in R to the degree of ethoxylation n in the ethoxylate moiety is generally in the range of from 3:2 to 2:1. Examples of suitable commercially available alcohol ethoxylates are available under the tradenames SYNPERONIC A.7, A.9, and A.11, all from I.C.I., England, in which R is a mixture of C13 and C15 and the degree of ethoxylation are respectively 7, 9 and 11 TERGITOL 15-S-9 and 15-S-12, from Union Carbide, U.S.A., being Cll-15 linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates, having degrees of ethoxylation of respectively 9 and 12, LUBROL 12 A.9 and 17 A.10 from I.C.I., England, the average chain lengths of R being respectively 12 and 17 and the degrees of ethoxylation 9.5 and 10 ETHYLAN CD9112 and D259, both from Diamond Shamrock, and BRIJ 35, 78 and 98, being respectively the lauryl, stearyl and oleyl ethers of polyoxyethylenes and RENEX 20 being a polyoxyethylene mixed fatty acid ester available from Honeywell Atlas. A further polyethylene oxide condensate that can be employed is available under the trade name MYKON 100 from Warwick Chemicals. Mixtures of two or more ethoxylated surfactants can be used. The amount of non ionic surfactant used is normally at least 3 % and frequently not more than 15 %.
- A third essential component of the built liquid detergent composition of the present invention is a builder selected from polyphosphate and carboxylic acid complexing builders. Amongst the polyphosphates, it is especially suitable to employ pyrophosphates, and more particularly the tetra potassium or tetra sodium salts or mixtures thereof. In many embodiments, the tetra-potassium pyrophosphate salt is selected, by virtue of its solubility being superior to that of the corresponding sodium salt in concentrated liquid detergent compositions. Although it is possible to employ a di-alkali metal di-hydrogen pyrophosphate as a proportion of the polyphosphate builder, its incorporation, eg 30-60 % of the polyphosphate builder mix tends to produce a lower pH in the washing solution obtained simply by dissolution of the liquid detergent composition, providing a wash and stain removal detectably inferior to that obtained when the tetra alkali metal salt is employed instead, in otherwise identical compositions. The polyphosphate can be introduced into the detergent composition either as a solid which is dissolved, or in the form of an aqueous solution, but the percentages given herein are of a dry weight basis.
- The organic complexing builders contemplated herein tend to fall into three classes, hydroxycarboxylic acid, aminocarboxylic acid and oxacarboxylic acid. Amongst hydroxycarboxylic acid builders, a particularly suitable one is citric acid, usually introduced as the tri-alkali metal salt, and on cost grounds, as the trisodium salt. Mixtures of the hydroxycarboxylic acid builders and polyphosphates, for example citric acid and tetrapyrophosphate both in salt form, can also be used, often in a weight ratio of 2:1 to 1:2. Where a rather higher pH of the mix is desired, an alkaline adjuster, sodium metaborate is very suitable.It is desirable to use not more than about 20 % of pyrophosphates amd where tripolyphosphate is used not more than about 10 to 15 %.
- Within the class of aminocarboxylic acid builders, nitrilo triacetic acid, normally alkali metal salt thereof, (NTA) is most prominent. Generally use of the salt tends to produce a somewhat higher pH than of a corresponding weight of hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing builder and probably as a result thereof the resultant built detergent composition tends to show slightly inferior hydrogen peroxide stability. At higher concentrations within the aforementioned range for builders, it is preferable to downwardly adjust the pH of the mix by introducing it in part acid form. In practice, often not more than 10% NTA is employed. It can be employed to complement hydroxycarboxylic acid builders, the resulting mixture therewith generating an intermediate pH, for example a mixture of 12 to 6% sodium citrate and 3 to 9% NTA. Similar mixtures of NTA with polyphosphates such as fdrrapyrophosphates can also be utilised.
- Within the class of oxacarboxylic acids, carboxymethyloxysuccinate deserves mentioned. For practical reasons it is preferable to employ from 5 to 8% of this builder. Where higher than 8% builder is desired, the balance above 8% is more advantageously provided by one of the other aforementioned builders.
- The sulphonate hydrotropes are suitably the alkali metal salts of benzene or methyl-substituted benzene sulphonates, most commonly xylene sulphonate and toluene sulphonate. Preferably the sodium or potassium salt is employed. A proportion of the hydrotrope can be provided by incorporation of one or more ethoxylated phosphate esters. Such esters chemically can be regarded as phosphate ester derivatives of the aforementioned non-ionic ethoxylate surfactants described hereinbefore. In many embodiments, the product used is a mixture of the two. The degree of ethoxylation in the ethoxylated moiety is generally the range from 2 to 12 and often in the range of 2 to 6, and the carbon chain length of the hydrophobic alkyl group R is normally from 9 to 18. Whilst it is possible to employ the closely related ethoxylated alkyl phenol phosphate esters, in which the alkyl group is often from C8 to C12, their use for such purposes is being increasingly viewed with hostility by water authorities because suitable methods have not yet been found to degrade them biologically. The phosphate esters often are available in the acid form and they can be employed as such in the liquid detergent compositions of the present invention, but their use in that way does tend to lower the pH of the composition and of the subsequent washing solution and if desired, the phosphate ester can be partially or completely neutralised with alkali metal hydroxide, especially sodium or potassium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide.
- In general, the total proportion of sulphonate hydrotrope plus ethoxylated phosphate ester is normally selected within the range of from 3 % to 12 %, of which the sulphonate hydrotrope is frequently from 3 to 9 % and the ethoxylated phosphate ester the balance. A small proportion of ethoxylated phosphate ester, for example from 1 to 3 % can be advantageous in improving the washing ability of the composition for certain commonly encountered stains like cocoa, for example where the ratio of the anionic to non-ionic surfactant is relatively high, such as at approximately 1:1 or higher.
- The stabiliser system for hydrogen peroxide in the composition comprises an amino methylene phosphonate or hydroxy alkyl diphosphonate and either or both of a low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol, and a polyhydroxy aliphatic carboxylate. The low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol is most preferably ethanol, particularly in the view of its combination of properties in that, not only does it effectively and surprisingly improve the storage stability of hydrogen peroxide in the composition, in combination with the other components despite the fact that its presence tends to increase the alkalinity of the solution, as measured by a standard pH electrode, but it also cooperates with the aforementioned hydrotropes in retaining a one phase system and consequently provides higher flexibility in formulating compositions. The low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol is employed, preferably, in an amount of at least 5 % of the composition and are generally not more than 15 %. In many embodiments it is employed within the range of from 7 to 12 %. The higher weight aliphatic alcohols such as propanol and butanol are considerably less desirable by virtue, it is believed, of their poorer water solubility so that the compounds can be employed to only a much smaller proportion of the composition than can ethanol. By way of example, many of the compositions described herein containing comparatively high amounts of surfactant and builder can remain in a single-storage stable phase when they contain 10 % of ethanol, but when the same amount of butanol or propanol is employed instead, phase separation occurs.
- The polyhydroxy aliphatic carboxylate generally contains at least 5 carbon atoms and normally up to 10 carbon atoms. Although the carbon chain in the molecule can be branched, in many effective examples the compound is linear, terminating at one end in a carboxylate group, and preferably having a chain length of 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms. Desirably all, or at least the majority of the remaining carbon atoms are substituted by an hydroxyl group. The compound can be in acid form, but preferably is neutralised with an alkali metal, preferably sodium or potasium. Preferred compounds of this class include the acid or neutralised forms of gluconic acid and glycero-ido heptonate. Preferably, the polyhydroxy compound is employed in an amount of at least 0.08 % of the composition and in many cases not more than 1 %.
- The phosphonate component of the stabilised system can be introduced in the acid form, but it will be recognised that, if the acid form is employed initially, to a certain extent the resultant solution will have a lower pH and impairment of overall washing performance can thereby ensue. The phosphonate component is therefore introduced preferably in an at least partial alkali metal salt form. By the term "amino methylene phosphonates" is meant any compound containing an amino group substituted by a methylene phosphonic acid group or salt thereof. Many suitable phosphonates can be represented by the general formula, in acid form:-
- The aliphatic diphosphonates can conveniently be represented in acid form by the formula YZC(P03H2)2 in which Y represents an hydroxyl or amino group, the amino group itself optionally being substituted by a lower alkyl, a lower alkylamino or a lower hydroxyalkyl group, lower indicating from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Z represents a lower alkyl, preferably methyl group. Examples of such diphosphonates include 1 - amino ethane - 1,1- diphosphonic acid and 1 - hydroxyethane - 1,1-diphosphonic acid, and preferably the alkali metal salts thereof. Mixtures of any two or more of the aforementioned amino-methylene phosphonates and/or diphosphonates can be employed, as desired. Such a compound or compounds are preferably employed in an amount of at least 0.075 % by weight of the composition and generally an amount of not more than 1 % and often the amount is selected from the range of 0.1 % to 0.4 %. Use of larger amounts than 1 % do not in general repay the additional cost of their incorporation, and for each phosphonate an amount is reached beyond which increasing the amount leads to impaired stabilisation.
- When it is desired to include both the polyhydroxy carboxylate and the phosphonate in the compostion, an extremely convenient and desirable way of so doing is to first obtain or produce a premix of these two components in the desired weight ratio e.g. 4:3 of the former to the latter and then use the premix.
- In many of the detergent compositions of the present invention, the weight ratio of the polyhydroxy compound to the phosphonate is within the range of-3 to 1 to 1 to 3 and often within the range of 2 to 1 to 1 to 1, and their combined % is preferably from 0.2 to 1.0 %. In other highly desirable embodiments of the present invention, the lower molecular weight aliphatic alcohol is selected within a weight ratio to the phosphonate of from 50:1 to 2.5:1, and preferably from 50 to 1 to 20 to 1, when the stabiliser system consists of the phosphonate and the alcohol, preferably employing a comparatively high amount of the phosphonate, namely at least 0.15 % generally up to 0.4 %. Most desirably the weight ratio is varied inversely to variation in the phosphonate concentrate. The product of the weight ratio of alcohol to phosphonate and the concentration of the phosphonate expressed as a percentage in the two component stabiliser system is preferably at least 8 and often from 9 to 12. It is specially desirable to employ all three stabiliser components together in the detergent composition especially in a combined amount of at least 0.2 % for the polyhydroxy compound and the phosphonate, and at least 5 % of the aliphatic alcohol. In many embodiments, it is convenient and advantageous to select the components within the ranges of 0.1 to 0.4 % for each of the polyhydroxy and phosphonate components and from 5 to 12 and particularly from 8 to 12 % for the aliphatic alcohol, especially ethanol.
- The hydrogen peroxide can conveniently be incorporated in the form of the appropriate amount of concentrated hydrogen peroxide, eg 35 to 85 % W/W hydrogen peroxide commercially available, which often contains from 10 ppm pyrophosphate. It is often incorporated in the solution in the range of from 3 to 10 %, frequently from 5 to 8 % and for industrial uses often from 10 to 20 % (expressed as 100%.) Lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide could be employed, but in general these would not enable a desirable amount of active oxygen to be provided in the washing solution unless the concentration of the other components in the detergent composition were correspondingly reduced also. It will be recognised that the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the range 5 to 8 % in the detergent composition when diluted to form a washing solution by a factor selected within the range of 100:1 to 1000:1 and often preferably from 200:1 to 500:1 can readily provide active oxygen concentrations commensurate with-those provided by normal concentrations of many heavy duty solid detergent compositions or by the addition of an active oxygen bleach at recommended levels to commercially obtainable active oxygen-free liquid detergents.
- In practice, the total proportion of components other than water and hydrogen peroxide normally is selected to be not greater than 52 %. Use of a higher proportion, particularly where the composition contains relatively high proportions of builder and anionic surfactants tends to become more sensitive to phase separation. Although a total proportion, eg below 20 % of such components could be employed in compositions, whether built or not, it is more desirable to provide such components to a total proportion of at least 20 % and more preferably at least 30 % of the liquid composition, not only from the point of view of reducing the volume of unnecessary water to be transported but also because the user often associates dilute products with inferior products. In many embodiments, the totaled proportions of components other than water and hydrogen peroxide in the built compositions is at least 35 % and frequently not more that 45 %.
- The prefered concentration of polyphosphate or citrate in the detergent compositions is from 9 to 16 %. The proportion of anionic sulphate or sulphonate surfactant plus ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant in the concentrate is preferably within the range of from 6 to 15 %, the weight ratio of anionic to non-ionic surfactants normally being selected within the range of 5:2 to 2:5, in order to produce a balanced surfactant mix for the treatment of the general mix of household stains. Where the composition is intended for a more specific stain, one that is known to be sensitive to a particular type of surfactant, then anionic to non-ionic surfactant weight ratios outside the aforementioned range can be readily contemplated. Hence, e.g. where the product is intended primarily for greasy stains, a lower anionic to non-ionic ratio can be more desirable, for example in the range of 1 to 2.5 to 1 to 5. Additionally, in determining the actual amounts of various components to be incorporated in the mixture, it is desirable to maintain the builder e.g. polyphosphate or citrate to anionic surfactant ratio within the range of 1:1 to 5:1 and particulary from 2:1 to 4:1 so as to take advantage of the synergistic interaction between those two components. The anionic surfactants are present preferably in an amount from 3 to 8 %, and often at least 4 %, and the builder is preferably polyphosphate or citrate, frequently at from 9 to 16 %, and the non-ionic surfactant content is normally at least 3 % and again often at least 4 %, with the result that the anionic sulphonate or sulphate surfactant and nonionic ethoxylated surfactant are present in such compositions in total amount advantageously of at least 8 %.
- Additionally, it is desirable for the customary reasons to incorporate in the detergent composition a small proportion of detergent adjuvants, the total amount of adjuvants, generally up to 8% and in many cases, being from 1 to 5 %. Examples of adjuvants include soil anti-redeposition agents, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, often in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.3 % and an optical brightener or a range of brighteners to allow for the various sorts of fibres from which household laundry articles are made, to a total amount often in the range of 0.5 to 2 % of the composition. It is generally desirable to select as brightener those of the stilbene type which have demonstratable storage compatibility with hydrogen peroxide in solution. In general, the composition will also contain a very small proportion of alkali metal sulphate formed during the neutralisation of the anionic surfactant during its preparation. The compositions can also include a small amount of mono-or di or tri ethanolamine, or alkali metal borates as pH adjusters, but alkali metal silicates and carbonates are excluded, or of amphoteric surfactants such as imidazoline based fatty acid carboxysulphates. eg. from 0.5 to 2 %. The adjuvants can also include a small amount of foam regulators, for example ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers such as are available from Ugine Kuhlmann, France under the Tradename PLURONIC, grades L42 and F.108, and soaps i.e. alkali metal salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids, having a chain length of at least 8 carbon atoms and normally from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, examples of which include stearate, and soaps derived from natural sources, particularly tallow and coconut oils, again often up to 2% by weight. Other adjuvants can comprise compatible tarnish inhibitors, cationic softeners, dyes, perfumes and thickeners, such as xanthan gum for citrate-built formulations.The amounts of the adjuvants can be varied by the skilled worker within or outside the exemplified ranges.
- Some especially preferred built compositions according to the present invention comprise from 8 to 12 % in total of anionic sulphate or sulphonate surfactant and nonionic ethoxylated surfactants of which preferably from 3 to 8 % is anionic sulphate or sulphonate surfactant and preferably from 3 to 8 % is non-ionic ethoxylated surfactant, from 9 to 15 % alkali metal preferably, potassium tetra pyrophosphate; from 3 to 6 % alkali metal aryl sulphonate hydrotrope; from 5 to 12 %, preferably 8 to 12 % ethanol; from 5 to 10 %, preferably 5 to 8 % hydrogen peroxide;.from 0.2 to 1 % in total of a polyhydroxy linear C6 or C7 aliphatic carboxylate, preferably an alkali metal gluconate and an alkali metal methylene phosphonate complexing agent, preferably ethylene diaminetetra methylene phosphonate or hexamethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonate or diethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonate, preferably in a weight ratio of from 2:1 to 1:1; up to 3 % of detergent adjuvants such as described herein, including a soil antiredeposition agent and an optical brightener; and the balance, water, preferably from 55 to 65 %. Other compositions include corresponding compositions containing at least 5% builder and in which all or part of the 9-16% polyphosphates or citrate builder is replaced by 4 to 7% carboxymethyloxy succinate or 3 to 9% NTA.
- In a modification of the invention, no builder is employed, and instead the compositions contain additional surfactant, mainly nonionic surfactant. Consequently, unbuilt detergent compositions according to the present invention contain at least 5% nonionic surfactant and in total at least 10% surfactants. The presence of the extra surfactants means that the balance of anionic to nonionic generally favours the nonionic to a much greater extent than in built compositions according to the present invention. Thus, in unbuilt compositions, the anionic surfactant is normally selected in the range of 3 to 15%, but the nonionic is normally selected in the range of 5 to 35%. The weight ratio of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant is preferably selected in the range of 1:1 to 1:6, and in practice is often likely to be in the range of 1:3 to 1:6. The anionic surfactant often represents from 3 to 10% of the unbuilt composition and the nonionic surfactant at least 15% and frequently from 20 to 35%. In a specially preferred unbuilt compositions, the surfactants concentration is not more than 40% and particularly is from 25 to 40%, of which the anionic comprises from 3 to 8% and the nonionic from 22 to 35%. The unbuilt compositions can, in practice, be slightly more concentrated than the built compositions. Thus, the total proportion of components other than water and hydrogen peroxide is generally up to 65% and frequently from 40 to 60%.
- In the other respects, for example selection of and concentrations of hydrotrope, stabiliser, hydrogen peroxide and adjuvants, the aforementioned description for the built compositions applies likewise to the unbuilt compositions according to the present invention.
- It is especially desirable that the compositions, either built or unbuilt, be free from alkali metal carbonates or silicates.
- The compositions described herein can be made conveniently by mixing the components in the desired proportions in a mixing tank, and to avoid and minimise loss of hydrogen peroxide by decomposition it is preferable to add it as the last step, or at least after the two stabiliser components have been introduced. The surfactants are preferably mixed at a moderately elevated temperature, often from 35 to 60 o C, and then combined with the other components which brings the mixture to near ambient for the introduction of the hydrogen peroxide. Preferably the polyphosphate is introduced in aqueous solution, either supplied as such by the manufacturer or prepared on site by dissolution. The minor components, detergent adjuvants and sulphonate hydrotrope can be mixed in with the surfactant mix. The various solutions and water can be introduced consecutively or concurrently into the mixing tank except as mentioned hereinbefore that the hydrogen peroxide solution is preferably introduced last or starting last. Although the process has been described in a batch manner it will be readily apparent to a skilled engineer how to carry out the process on a continuous basis. The composition, when throroughly mixed, can then be poured into containers or dispensers. By virtue of the superior storage stability of at least some of the embodiments, of the invention, such as those losing less then 1 % Avox a week the containers or dispensers for such embodiments need not be of the specially vented and thus expensive types, but instead containers having a slightly loose fitting closure means, such as cap or stopper can be used.
- According to a further aspect of the present invention, washing processes, or laundering, according to the present invention can be carried out by diluting the liquid concentrate of the present invention with water to a desired extent, and contacting the aqueous washing solution with the articles to be washed at any temperature from ambient to the boiling point of the solution. In many processes, the process is carried out at hand hot temperature or hotter, often a temperature of at least 45 o C and, depending on local washing customs, frequently at a temperature of at least 60 o C.
- It is a feature of the present invention that there is provided a one shot liquid detergent composition containing not only hydrogen peroxide, but also a high concentration of anionic and non-ionic surfactants of the order needed to form a washing solution without the addition of any further components. However, if it is desired, the detergent composition described herein before can be employed in conjunction with one or more bleach activators, i.e. compounds which react in aqueous solution with hydrogen peroxide to generate peroxy acids, preferably added separately to the washing solution to prevent premature interaction. Such compounds are normally N-acyl or 0-acyl compounds. Typical examples of the classes of each activator which each represents, includes N,N,N',N',-tetraacetylethylene-diamine of N-acylated alkyleneamines, benzoic or phthalic anhydride, tetra acetyl glycoluril,N-alkyl-N-sulphonyl-carbonamides, N-acyl hydantoins, carbonic acid esters, triacetyl cyanurate, O,N,N'-tri substituted hydroxylamines and diacyl peroxides such as benzoyl glutaryl peroxide and diphthaloyl peroxide. In comparison with the use of such activators in conjunction with solid detergent compositions, inter-reaction between the active oxygen containing compound and the activator can occur more quickly by virtue of the fact that the hydrogen peroxide is already in solution whereas for solid peroxygen compounds, and especially the commonly used sodium perborate tetrahydrate at hand-hot temperatures or cooler, its rate of dissolution can be a restraining factor. If an activator is employed in conjunction with the detergent composition, then the preferred washing temperatures tend to be somewhat lower, preferably falling in the the range from ambient to 60 °C. Naturally, a convenient mole ratio of activator to hydrogen peroxide is from 2 to 1 to 1 to 2, and especially 1 to 1 in the washing solution.
- Generally, the concentrates of the present invention are diluted to produce washing solutions containing from 0.1 to 1.5 gpl surfactant. In many cases, the concentration of surfactants is within the range of 0.2 to 0.6 gpl and such concentrations can be obtained'from many of the preferred detergent compositions of the present invention such as those containing at least 8 % surfactants at a dilution of greater than 100 to 1, and often at a dilution of from 200 to 1 to 300 to 1.
- The washing period can range from as low as a minute or a few minutes e.g. 5 minutes at washing temperature at or near the boiling point of the washing solution, e.g. from 90 to 100 0 C up to a period of several hours at cooler wash temperatures, such as overnight steeping at ambient temperature. The washing period can be varied at the discretion of the user. Typical washing times at a temperature of 40 to 70 ° C are of the order from 5 to 40 minutes.
- In addition to laundry use, the compositions can be used neat or after dilution to cleanse hard surfaces, such as those of enamel, paint, metal, plastic, wood, glass or ceramics.
- Having described the invention in general terms, specific embodiments will be described hereinafter more fully by way of example only. It will be recognised that by employing his general knowledge and the information contained herein before, the expert in the field of liquid detergents will be able to vary the proportions of components in the composition.
- Liquid detergent compositions according to the present invention were prepared by the following general route, employing the weight proportions summarised in Tables 1, 2 and 3 below.
- First, a mixture of the anionic and nonionic surfactants in the correct proportions was heated to approximately 40 to 45 o C with constant stirring until a clear solution occured. The sulphonate hydrotrope and ethoxylated phosphate ester when employed were then introduced in the desired proportions with stirring followed by the builder, often together with a proportion of the total deionised water content of the mixture which cooled the mixture. Next the ethanol the residual amount of water the polyhydroxy carboxylate and the phosphonate components were added as well as the detergent adjuvants, where employed. Finally, the hydrogen peroxide solution was introduced. The mixture was vigorously stirred.
-
- Similar compositions to one or more of the exemplified compositions were obtained by substituting alternative nonionic surfactants such as poly oxyethylene alkyl ethers or poly oxyethylene alkyl ethers for the specified ethoxylates, and/or substituting ammonium primary alcohol ether sulphate for the specified sulphate surfactant, and/or by substituting ethoxylated phosphate mono ester of higher degree of ethoxylation for the specified di-ester, and or by substituting other polyphosphate builders for those specified.
- The storage stability trial for Tables 1 and 2 was effected by transferring a small sample of the given composition into a clean plastic bottle housed in a constant temperature enclosure at 320 C. The available oxygen concentration (Avox) in the composition was determined by the standard acidified potassium permanganate titration method on a small portion extracted from the sample and the result obtained after storage for a given period compared with the original content. The result given in Tables 1 and 2, is the percentage of Avox lost from the hydrogen peroxide after 3 weeks storage, except in Examples 43 to 52 in which it is after 4 weeks storage. The storage stability trials for Table 3 were carried out in the same manner as that for Tables 1 and 2 except that the temperature of the enclosure was 500C in order to accelerate proceedings. The result is given after 24 hours, approximately. The gluconate and phosphonate were introduced separately, except in Examples 1 to 30 and 43 to 58 were they were provided in th e form of a premix of SG and SP1 available under the tradename POLYRON 1020.
- Under the storage conditions, it was observed that almost all the compositions exemplified remained throughout storage in a single phase despite the presence of both hydrogen peroxide and polyphosphate builder in high concentrations, and that phase stable compositions similar to those (18,37) which separated after several months, were obtainable by a modest redution in the polyphosphate concentration or addition of ethanol in amounts sufficent to enhance the stability of the hydrogen peroxide in the composition or slightly more hydrotrope.
- From Tables 1, 2 and 3 it can be seen that incorporation of ethanol within the limits specified herein in conjunction with phosphonate or phosphonate/gluconate improves the storage stability of the alkaline composition, and that as the level of gluconate/phosphonate stabiliser mix is increased, the storage stability of the composition increases up to certain level and thereafter declines.
- The washing capability of various of the above mentioned compositions have been tested and the results are summarised in Tables 4, 5 and 6.
- The washing trials were carried out in the following manner:-Prestained swatches of cotton were washed in a laboratory scale washing machine, sold under the name TERGOTOMETER (US Testing Corporation) which simulates the action of a vertical agitator type of domestic washing machine. The machine trials were carried out under standard conditions of two stained swatches, each of 5g, being washed at a temperature maintained at 60 0 C with one litre of an aqueous washing solution containing 4 grams of the selected detergent composition. For the compositions according to the present invention this resulted generally in an initial surfactant concentration in the range of about 0.3 to 0.5 gpl, and an initial builder concentration in the range of from 0.2 gpl to 0.8 gpl. The first washed swatches were removed from the wash water after 10 minutes washing, rinsed with cold water and dried, and the second removed after 20 or 30 minutes washing and similarly rinsed and dried. The extent of stain removal from each swatch was determined by measuring the reflectance of the swatches before and after washing, using a Zeiss ELREPHO Reflectance Photometer having a Xenon lamp light source equipped with a y-tristimulus filter. Each swatch was measured four times with a backing of three thicknesses of material. The reflectance readings were averaged and the % stain removal (abbreviated to %SR) was obtained using the following formula:
- In the washing trials summarised in Table 4 and 5, the washing solution water had a hardness of 150 ppm as calcium carbonate in a Ca:Mg ratio of 2:1 and in those summarised in Table 6, a hardness of 250 ppm as calcium carbonate in a Ca:Mg ratio of 3:1
- In Tables 5, and 6 the detergent composition of the present invention additionally contained 0.5 % by weight of a bleach stable stilbene optical brightener obtainable under the name UVITEX BHT. Washing trials using compositions C41, and C42 are present by way of comparison only. The composition C41 was a commercially available built liquid detergent composition WISK, and C42 was an approximately 50/50 W/W mixture of WISK with an active-oxygen containing bleach additive CLOROX 2. Analysis of the products C41 and C42 showed that at the levels of detergent composition employed, the washing solution contained total surfactants in the range of 0.3 to 0.4 gpl and an initial builder plus pH adjuster concentration of about 0.4 gpl. These concentrations are very comparable with the concentrations of surfactants and builders present under standard conditions of use of the invention compositions (4 gpl) and in broad terms double those when the invention compositions are used at only 2 gpl.
- From Tables 4, 5 and 6 it can be readily seen that the invention compositions were very effective and, in several, better stain removers on the range of stains tested than were comparison compositions C41, C42 and C43. It will be recognised therefore, that the compositions of the instant invention combine the advantages of good storage stability with good washing performance. Moreover, when washing trials were repeated employing washing compositions that omitted the phosphonate and gluconate stabilisers, but were otherwise identical, the washing results were also identical, being within 1 % stain removal, i.e. within the limits of reproducibility of the washing tests, indicating that the presence of the phosphonate and gluconate stabiliser had not impaired the washing performance even though they had considerably improved the storage stability of the composition
- Compositions were prepared by the method for Examples 1 to 64 except that the step relating to incorporating builder was omitted. The Avox of the compositions was required after 4 weeks storage at 320C and the washing trials were carried out in exactly the same manner as those whose results are summarised in Tables 4 to 6, in hard water having a hardness of 150ppm as calcium carbonate in a Ca:Mg ratio of 2:1.
-
- The effectiveness of the soil removal can be judged by comparison with commercially available detergent compositions in the USA, viz WISK and DYNAMO each at 2 gpl, on further examples of the stains under the same conditions of wash temperature, water hardness and wash duration, either alone or in 50:50 weight mix with a bleach additive CLOROX 2.
-
- From the above it can be seen that the invention compositions obtained significantly better results in the respected red wine stain than did the commercial compositions and in respect of the cocoa stain obtained much better result than did the sample of WISK, alone or with added bleach and comparable with or better than the results obtained using DYNAMO, alone or with added bleach.
Claims (38)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT81300964T ATE11427T1 (en) | 1980-04-01 | 1981-03-09 | LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS, THEIR PRODUCTION AND THEIR USE IN WASHING PROCESSES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB8010885 | 1980-04-01 | ||
GB8010885 | 1980-04-01 | ||
GB8010887 | 1980-04-01 | ||
GB8010887 | 1980-04-01 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0037184A2 true EP0037184A2 (en) | 1981-10-07 |
EP0037184A3 EP0037184A3 (en) | 1982-03-17 |
EP0037184B1 EP0037184B1 (en) | 1985-01-23 |
Family
ID=26275047
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19810300964 Expired EP0037184B1 (en) | 1980-04-01 | 1981-03-09 | Liquid detergent compositions, their manufacture and their use in washing processes |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0037184B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU544887B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8101906A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1174550A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3168426D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8405839A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT72722B (en) |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0076166A2 (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-06 | Interox Chemicals Limited | Bleach composition |
US4470919A (en) * | 1982-02-03 | 1984-09-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oxygen-bleach-containing liquid detergent compositions |
GB2158453A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-11-13 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Liquid laundry detergent composition containing polyphosphate |
EP0376704A1 (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1990-07-04 | Unilever Plc | Bleaching composition |
EP0385522A2 (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1990-09-05 | Unilever N.V. | Liquid detergent composition |
EP0468103A1 (en) * | 1989-02-22 | 1992-01-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stabilized, bleach containing, liquid detergent compositions |
WO1992002607A1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-02-20 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Liquid washing agent with bleaching action |
US5160655A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1992-11-03 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Aqueous structured liquid detergent compositions containing selected peroxygen bleach compounds |
US5250212A (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1993-10-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent containing solid peroxygen bleach and solvent system comprising water and lower aliphatic monoalcohol |
US5275753A (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 1994-01-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stabilized alkaline liquid detergent compositions containing enzyme and peroxygen bleach |
WO1996001311A1 (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-18 | Warwick International Group Limited | Bleaching compositions |
WO1996001310A1 (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-18 | Warwick International Group Limited | Bleaching compositions |
WO1996001309A1 (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-18 | Warwick International Group Limited | Bleaching compositions |
WO1996030486A1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Warwick International Group Limited | Alkaline isotropic liquid detergent with peroxide |
WO1996030484A1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Warwick International Group Limited | Alkaline isotropic liquid detergent with peroxide |
WO1996030485A1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Warwick International Group Limited | Alkaline isotropic liquid detergent with peroxide |
WO1996030483A1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Warwick International Group Limited | Alkaline isotropic liquid detergent with peroxide |
EP0892040A2 (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 1999-01-20 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Chelating composition |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2402725B1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-03-11 | Betelgeux, S.L. | LIQUID DETERGENT FOR THE ELIMINATION OF BIOFILMS IN SURFACES. |
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FR2175922A1 (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1973-10-26 | Benckiser Knapsack Gmbh | |
FR2321302A1 (en) * | 1975-08-16 | 1977-03-18 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | CONCENTRATE OF MICROBICIDAL AGENTS BASED ON ORGANIC PERACIDS AND OXYGENATED WATER |
-
1981
- 1981-03-09 DE DE8181300964T patent/DE3168426D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-09 EP EP19810300964 patent/EP0037184B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-18 CA CA000373269A patent/CA1174550A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-24 PT PT7272281A patent/PT72722B/en unknown
- 1981-03-26 AU AU68812/81A patent/AU544887B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-03-30 BR BR8101906A patent/BR8101906A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-03-31 ES ES500915A patent/ES8405839A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2175922A1 (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1973-10-26 | Benckiser Knapsack Gmbh | |
FR2321302A1 (en) * | 1975-08-16 | 1977-03-18 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | CONCENTRATE OF MICROBICIDAL AGENTS BASED ON ORGANIC PERACIDS AND OXYGENATED WATER |
US4051058A (en) * | 1975-08-16 | 1977-09-27 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Stable peroxy-containing microbicides |
Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0076166A3 (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1984-10-17 | Interox Chemicals Limited | Bleach composition |
EP0076166A2 (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-06 | Interox Chemicals Limited | Bleach composition |
US4470919A (en) * | 1982-02-03 | 1984-09-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oxygen-bleach-containing liquid detergent compositions |
GB2158453A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-11-13 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Liquid laundry detergent composition containing polyphosphate |
FR2568886A1 (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1986-02-14 | Colgate Palmolive Co | LIQUID DETERGENT LAUNDRY COMPOSITION CONTAINING POLYPHOSPHATE |
US5250212A (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1993-10-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent containing solid peroxygen bleach and solvent system comprising water and lower aliphatic monoalcohol |
EP0376704A1 (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1990-07-04 | Unilever Plc | Bleaching composition |
US5275753A (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 1994-01-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stabilized alkaline liquid detergent compositions containing enzyme and peroxygen bleach |
EP0468103A1 (en) * | 1989-02-22 | 1992-01-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stabilized, bleach containing, liquid detergent compositions |
US5264143A (en) * | 1989-02-22 | 1993-11-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stabilized, bleach containing, liquid detergent compositions |
TR25960A (en) * | 1989-02-22 | 1993-11-01 | Procter & Gamble | STABLE LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS CONSIDERED TO THE STABLE. |
EP0385522A2 (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1990-09-05 | Unilever N.V. | Liquid detergent composition |
US5160655A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1992-11-03 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Aqueous structured liquid detergent compositions containing selected peroxygen bleach compounds |
EP0385522A3 (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1991-01-09 | Unilever N.V. | Liquid detergent composition |
WO1992002607A1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-02-20 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Liquid washing agent with bleaching action |
US5271860A (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1993-12-21 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Bleaching liquid detergent |
WO1996001309A1 (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-18 | Warwick International Group Limited | Bleaching compositions |
WO1996001310A1 (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-18 | Warwick International Group Limited | Bleaching compositions |
WO1996001311A1 (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-18 | Warwick International Group Limited | Bleaching compositions |
US5801138A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1998-09-01 | Warwick International Group Limited | Bleaching compositions |
US5914304A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1999-06-22 | Warwick International Group, Ltd. | Bleaching compositions |
WO1996030486A1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Warwick International Group Limited | Alkaline isotropic liquid detergent with peroxide |
WO1996030484A1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Warwick International Group Limited | Alkaline isotropic liquid detergent with peroxide |
WO1996030485A1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Warwick International Group Limited | Alkaline isotropic liquid detergent with peroxide |
WO1996030483A1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Warwick International Group Limited | Alkaline isotropic liquid detergent with peroxide |
EP0892040A2 (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 1999-01-20 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Chelating composition |
EP0892040A3 (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 2001-01-03 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Chelating composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT72722B (en) | 1982-03-24 |
EP0037184A3 (en) | 1982-03-17 |
ES500915A0 (en) | 1984-06-16 |
AU6881281A (en) | 1981-10-08 |
DE3168426D1 (en) | 1985-03-07 |
EP0037184B1 (en) | 1985-01-23 |
CA1174550A (en) | 1984-09-18 |
AU544887B2 (en) | 1985-06-20 |
ES8405839A1 (en) | 1984-06-16 |
BR8101906A (en) | 1981-10-06 |
PT72722A (en) | 1981-04-01 |
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