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EP0037090A1 - High-power transformer with a liquid-cooled case - Google Patents

High-power transformer with a liquid-cooled case Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0037090A1
EP0037090A1 EP81102299A EP81102299A EP0037090A1 EP 0037090 A1 EP0037090 A1 EP 0037090A1 EP 81102299 A EP81102299 A EP 81102299A EP 81102299 A EP81102299 A EP 81102299A EP 0037090 A1 EP0037090 A1 EP 0037090A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
active part
corners
stop blocks
boiler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81102299A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0037090B1 (en
Inventor
Max Herzog
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Transformatoren Union AG
Original Assignee
Transformatoren Union AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Transformatoren Union AG filed Critical Transformatoren Union AG
Priority to AT81102299T priority Critical patent/ATE8187T1/en
Publication of EP0037090A1 publication Critical patent/EP0037090A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0037090B1 publication Critical patent/EP0037090B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/26—Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H01F27/266—Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a liquid-cooled transformer for large outputs with an active part installed in a boiler, the active part being fastened with its pressing device to large footplates lying on the bottom of the boiler.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying an arrangement for locking the active part of a transformer in the associated boiler, which ensures play-free and effective clamping of the active part to the greatest possible extent.
  • this is achieved in a transformer of the type mentioned at the outset in that at least the corners lying outside in the longitudinal direction of the active part lie above cutouts in the bottom of the boiler of the base plate lying under one end of the active part these corners of stop blocks are held in place without play and in a form-fitting manner and that the stop blocks are in turn carried by insert parts which seal the cutouts in an oil-tight manner.
  • the corners of the foot plates are advantageously released and are supported in the longitudinal and transverse directions on the associated stop blocks with the edges thus created, which form an interior angle.
  • both the connection of the stop blocks with the insert part and the oil-tight connection of the insert part with the bottom of the boiler is made by a weld seam and that additional blocks are located as shock absorbers between the fixed corners and the respectively assigned stop block.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is very advantageous because it is simple in construction and can be adapted to any load case without difficulty by simply varying its dimensions.
  • much higher load values are mastered than with the previously usual arrangements, so that transports can also be carried out under very unfavorable conditions and, on the other hand, the installation of these transformers in earthquake areas is also readily possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows the active transformer part before it is installed in a transformer tank.
  • This active transformer part essentially consists of a three-legged core 6 and windings 7.
  • base plates 4 are fastened under the lower yoke of the core. These base plates 4 transmit all vertical and horizontal forces between the active part of the transformer and the transformer tank surrounding it.
  • the frame of the active part (not shown in more detail) is fastened with its feet 5 in a manner known per se by means of bolts on the base plates 4 and additionally secured against lateral displacement on the base plates 4 by strips 8 welded onto them.
  • the feet 5 can also be welded directly onto the base plate 4. The forces emanating from the active part are introduced into the feet 5 via the lower ends of tension cover plates 9 and reinforcement brackets 10, which are welded to the feet 5.
  • the foot plates 4 After inserting the active transformer part, the foot plates 4 rest directly on a boiler floor 1.
  • the corners of the foot plates 4 arranged under the ends of the active part in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 of the transformer lie above cutouts 12 in the boiler floor 1. These corners are notched and form with their edges 13 an inside angle.
  • the foot plates 4 When inserting the active part in the boiler, the foot plates 4 are aligned on the boiler base 1 so that the inner angles formed by the edges 13 lie approximately uniformly over the cutouts 12.
  • a stop block 3 carried by an insert part 2 is pushed into the angle formed by the edges 13 from the bottom outside through each of the cutouts 12.
  • the stop blocks 3 have previously been fixed, for example by welding, to the associated insert 2.
  • the insert parts 2 are now welded oil-tight under the cutouts 12. Thereby or thereby the stop blocks 3 are held on the edges 13 in the notched corners of the foot plate 4.
  • the foot plates 4 are attached to the boiler base 1 without play so that even large horizontal forces are transmitted reliably. Such forces can occur, for example, from transport impacts or earthquakes,
  • the stop blocks 3 can be provided in a manner not shown with beads that extend over the base plate 4 and thereby also in a vertical direction Create a positive connection in the direction.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Abstract

Liquid-cooled transformer for large power ratings, including a tank having a bottom with cutouts formed therein, large-area base plates resting on the bottom of the tank, an active part having ends and a pressure device being fastened to the base plates, at least one of the base plates being disposed under one of the ends of the active part, the at least one base plate having outside corners being disposed above the cutouts formed in the tank bottom, stopping blocks positively locking the outside corners in position without play, and inserts supporting the stopping blocks and oil tightly closing off the cutouts.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen flüssigkeitsgekühlten Transformator für große Leistungen mit in einem Kessel aufgestellten Aktivteil, wobei der Aktivteil mit seiner Preßeinrichtung auf großflächigen dem Kesselboden aufliegenden Fußplatten befestigt ist.The invention relates to a liquid-cooled transformer for large outputs with an active part installed in a boiler, the active part being fastened with its pressing device to large footplates lying on the bottom of the boiler.

In derartigen Transformatoren können beim Transport oder auch verursacht durch Erdbeben horizontale Relativbewegungen zwischen dem Aktivteil und dem Kessel auftreten. Zur Unterdrückung dieser Bewegungen des Aktivteils sind bisher üblicherweise Verschraubungen des Aktivteils mit am Kesselboden befestigten Winkeln oder Klötzen eingesetzt worden. Diese Verschraubungen erfordern jedoch infolge ihrer großen Abmessungen und infolge der für die Zugänglichkeit erforderlichen großen Öffnungen einen erheblichen konstruktiven und fertigungstechnischen Aufwand.In such transformers, horizontal relative movements between the active part and the boiler can occur during transport or caused by earthquakes. To suppress these movements of the active part, screw connections of the active part with angles or blocks attached to the bottom of the boiler have hitherto usually been used. However, due to their large dimensions and due to the large openings required for accessibility, these screw connections require considerable constructional and manufacturing expenditure.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, für die Arretierung des Aktivteils eines Transformators in dem zugehörigen Kessel eine Anordnung anzugeben, die eine spielfreie und bis zu größten Kräften wirksame Einspannung des Aktivteils gewährleistet.The invention is based on the object of specifying an arrangement for locking the active part of a transformer in the associated boiler, which ensures play-free and effective clamping of the active part to the greatest possible extent.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einem Transformator der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß von der jeweils unter einem Ende des Aktivteils liegenden Fußplatte mindestens die in Längsrichtung des Aktivteils außenliegenden Ecken über Ausschnitten im Kesselboden liegen, daß diese Ecken von Anschlagklötzen spielfrei und formschlüssig in ihrer Lage festgehalten sind und daß die Anschlagklötze ihrerseits von die Ausschnitte öldicht abschliessenden Einsatzteilen getragen sind. Dabei sind vorteilhafterweise die festgehaltenen Ecken der Fußplatten ausgeklinkt und stützen sich mit den dadurch geschaffenen, einen Innenwinkel bildenden Kanten in Längs- und Querrichtung an den zugehörigen Anschlagklötzen ab.According to the invention, this is achieved in a transformer of the type mentioned at the outset in that at least the corners lying outside in the longitudinal direction of the active part lie above cutouts in the bottom of the boiler of the base plate lying under one end of the active part these corners of stop blocks are held in place without play and in a form-fitting manner and that the stop blocks are in turn carried by insert parts which seal the cutouts in an oil-tight manner. In this case, the corners of the foot plates are advantageously released and are supported in the longitudinal and transverse directions on the associated stop blocks with the edges thus created, which form an interior angle.

Nach zweckmäßigen Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß sowohl die Verbindung der Anschlagklötze mit dem Einsatzteil als auch die öldichte Verbindung des Einsatzteiles mit dem Kesselboden durch eine Schweißnaht hergestellt ist und daß zwischen den festgehaltenen Ecken und dem jeweils zugeordneten-Anschlagklotz zusätzliche Klötze als Stoßdämpfer liegen.According to expedient developments of the invention it is provided that both the connection of the stop blocks with the insert part and the oil-tight connection of the insert part with the bottom of the boiler is made by a weld seam and that additional blocks are located as shock absorbers between the fixed corners and the respectively assigned stop block.

Andere Weiterbildungen der Erfindung bestehen darin, daß der für die Anschlagklötze selbst verwendete Werkstoff sich mindestens in seinem Elastizitätsmodul stark von den Werkstoffen des Kesselbodens und der Fußplatten unterscheidet oder daß die oberen Kanten der Ecken der Fußplatten unter einem Randwulst der Anschlagklötze liegen und dadurch auch vertikal gehalten sind.Other developments of the invention consist in that the material used for the stop blocks themselves differs greatly, at least in terms of their modulus of elasticity, from the materials of the boiler bottom and the base plates, or that the upper edges of the corners of the base plates lie under an edge bead of the stop blocks and are thereby also held vertically are.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung ist sehr vorteilhaft, weil sie einfach aufgebaut ist und ohne Schwierigkeiten durch einfache Variation ihrer Abmessungen jedem Belastungsfall anpaßbar ist. Außerdem werden wesentlich höhere Belastungswerte beherrscht als mit den bisher üblichen Anordnungen, so daß auch Transporte-unter sehr ungünstigen Bedingungen durchgeführt werden können und andererseits auch die Aufstellung dieser Transformatoren in Erdbebengebieten ohne weiteres möglich ist.The arrangement according to the invention is very advantageous because it is simple in construction and can be adapted to any load case without difficulty by simply varying its dimensions. In addition, much higher load values are mastered than with the previously usual arrangements, so that transports can also be carried out under very unfavorable conditions and, on the other hand, the installation of these transformers in earthquake areas is also readily possible.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Im einzelnen zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine Prinzipdarstellung eines Transformatoraktivteils,
  • Figur 2 einen Teilquerschnitt entlang der Linie II-II in Figur 3 in gegenüber Figur 1 vergrößertem Maßstab und
  • Figur 3 einen Teilquerschnitt entlang der Linie III-III in Figur 2.
An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. In detail show:
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic illustration of a transformer active part,
  • 2 shows a partial cross section along the line II-II in FIG. 3 on an enlarged scale compared to FIG
  • 3 shows a partial cross section along the line III-III in FIG.

Die Darstellung in Figur 1 zeigt den Transformatoraktivteil vor seinem Einbau in einen Transformatorkessel. Dieser Transformatoraktivteil besteht im wesentlichen aus einem dreischenkligen Kern 6 und Wicklungen 7.The illustration in FIG. 1 shows the active transformer part before it is installed in a transformer tank. This active transformer part essentially consists of a three-legged core 6 and windings 7.

Unter Zuhilfenahme eines in Figur 1 nicht näher dargestellten Gestells zum Pressen des aus Lamellen geschichteten Kernes 6 und der Wicklungen 7 sind unter dem unteren Joch des Kernes 6 Fußplatten 4 befestigt. Diese Fußplatten 4 übertragen alle vertikalen und horizontalen Kräfte zwischen dem Aktivteil des Transformators und dem diesen umschließenden Transformatorkessel.With the aid of a frame (not shown in more detail in FIG. 1) for pressing the core 6 layered from lamella and the windings 7, 6 base plates 4 are fastened under the lower yoke of the core. These base plates 4 transmit all vertical and horizontal forces between the active part of the transformer and the transformer tank surrounding it.

Das nicht näher dargestellte Gestell des Aktivteils ist mit seinen Füßen 5 in an sich bekannter Art und Weise durch Schraubenbolzen auf den Fußplatten 4 befestigt und gegen seitliches Verschieben auf den Fußplatten 4 durch auf diese aufgeschweißte Leisten 8 zusätzlich gesichert. Darüberhinaus können auch die Füße 5 unmittelbar auf die Fußplatte 4 aufgeschweißt sein. Die Einleitung der vom Aktivteil ausgehenden Kräfte in die Füße 5 erfolgt über die unteren Enden von Zugdeckplatten 9 und Verstärkungswinkel 10, die mit den Füßen 5 verschweißt sind.The frame of the active part (not shown in more detail) is fastened with its feet 5 in a manner known per se by means of bolts on the base plates 4 and additionally secured against lateral displacement on the base plates 4 by strips 8 welded onto them. In addition, the feet 5 can also be welded directly onto the base plate 4. The forces emanating from the active part are introduced into the feet 5 via the lower ends of tension cover plates 9 and reinforcement brackets 10, which are welded to the feet 5.

Die Fußplatten 4 ruhen nach dem Einsetzen des Transformatoraktivteils unmittelbar auf einem Kesselboden 1. Dabei liegen die in Richtung der Transformatorlängsachse 11 außenliegenden Ecken der unter den Enden des Aktivteils angeordneten Fußplatten 4 über Ausschnitten 12 im Kesselboden 1. Diese Ecken sind ausgeklinkt und bilden mit ihren Kanten 13 einen Innenwinkel. Beim Einsetzen des Aktivteils in den Kessel werden die Fußplatten 4 auf dem Kesselboden 1 so ausgerichtet, daß die von den Kanten 13 gebildeten Innenwinkel etwa gleichmäßig über den Ausschnitten 12 liegen.After inserting the active transformer part, the foot plates 4 rest directly on a boiler floor 1. The corners of the foot plates 4 arranged under the ends of the active part in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 of the transformer lie above cutouts 12 in the boiler floor 1. These corners are notched and form with their edges 13 an inside angle. When inserting the active part in the boiler, the foot plates 4 are aligned on the boiler base 1 so that the inner angles formed by the edges 13 lie approximately uniformly over the cutouts 12.

Nun wird von unten außen durch jeden der Ausschnitte 12 je ein von einem Einsatzteil 2 getragener Anschlagklotz 3 in den von den Kanten 13 gebildeten Winkel geschoben. Die Anschlagklötze 3 sind vorher fest, beispielsweise durch Schweißen, mit dem jeweils zugehörigen Einsatzteil 2 verbunden worden. Nach Überprüfung der richtigen Lage des Aktivteils im Kessel werden nunmehr die Einsatzteile 2 öldicht unter die Ausschnitte 12 geschweißt. Dabei bzw. dadurch werden die Anschlagklötze 3 an den Kanten 13 in den ausgeklinkten Ecken der Fußplatte 4 festgehalten.Now a stop block 3 carried by an insert part 2 is pushed into the angle formed by the edges 13 from the bottom outside through each of the cutouts 12. The stop blocks 3 have previously been fixed, for example by welding, to the associated insert 2. After checking the correct position of the active part in the boiler, the insert parts 2 are now welded oil-tight under the cutouts 12. Thereby or thereby the stop blocks 3 are held on the edges 13 in the notched corners of the foot plate 4.

Durch diese Anordnung sind die FuBplatten 4 spielfrei so auf dem Kesselboden 1 befestigt, daß auch große horizontale Kräfte sicher übertragen werden. Derartige Kräfte können beispielsweise durch Transportstöße oder bei Erdbeben auftreten,With this arrangement, the foot plates 4 are attached to the boiler base 1 without play so that even large horizontal forces are transmitted reliably. Such forces can occur, for example, from transport impacts or earthquakes,

Zur Übertragung von größeren Vertikalkräften zwischen der Fußplatte 4 und dem Kesselboden 1, insbesondere zur Verhinderung eines Abhebens der FuBplatten 4 vom Kesselboden 1, können die Anschlagklötze 3 in nicht dargestellter Art und Weise mit über die Fußplatte 4 greifenden WUlsten versehen werden und dadurch auch in vertikaler Richtung einen Formschluß erzeugen.In order to transmit greater vertical forces between the base plate 4 and the boiler base 1, in particular to prevent the base plates 4 from lifting off from the base 1, the stop blocks 3 can be provided in a manner not shown with beads that extend over the base plate 4 and thereby also in a vertical direction Create a positive connection in the direction.

Claims (6)

1. Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Transformator für große Leistungen mit in einem Kessel aufgestellten Aktivteil, wobei der Aktivteil mit seiner Preßeinrichtung auf großflächigen dem Kesselboden aufliegenden Fußplatten befestigt iet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, -daß von der jeweils unter einem Ende des Aktivteils liegenden Fußplatte (4) mindestens die in Längsrichtung (11) des Aktivteils außenliegenden Ecken über Ausschnitten (12) im Kesselboden (1) liegen -daß diese Ecken von Anschlagklötzen (3) spielfrei und formschlüssig in ihrer Lage festgehalten sind und -daß die Anschlagklötze (3) ihrerseits von die Ausschnitte (12) öldicht abschließenden Einsatzteilen (2) getragen sind. 1. A liquid-cooled transformer for large outputs with an active part set up in a boiler, the active part being fastened with its pressing device to large footplates resting on the bottom of the boiler, characterized in that - That of the footplate (4) lying under each end of the active part, at least the outer corners lying in the longitudinal direction (11) of the active part lie above cutouts (12) in the boiler bottom (1) -that these corners of stop blocks (3) are held in place without play and in a form-fitting manner - That the stop blocks (3) are in turn carried by the cutouts (12) oil-tight insert parts (2). 2. Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Transformator nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die festgehaltenen Ecken der Fußplatten (4) ausgeklinkt sind und sich mit den dadurch geschaffenen, einen Innenwinkel bildenden Kanten (13) in Längs- und Querrichtung an den zugehörigen Anschlagklötzen (3) abstützen.2. Liquid-cooled transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that the held corners of the foot plates (4) are notched and are supported with the thereby created, an inner angle forming edges (13) in the longitudinal and transverse directions on the associated stop blocks (3). 3. Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Transformator nach Anspruch 1 und 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl die Verbindung der Anschlagklötze (3) mit dem Einsatzteil (2) als auch die öldichte Verbindung des Einsatzteiles (2) mit dem Kesselboden (1) durch eine Schweißnaht hergestellt ist.3. Liquid-cooled transformer according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that both the connection of the stop blocks (3) with the insert (2) and the oil-tight connection of the insert (2) with the boiler bottom (1) is made by a weld. 4. Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Transformator nach Anspruch 1 bis 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den festgehaltenen Ecken und dem jeweils zugeordneten Anschlagklotz (3) zusätzliche Klötze als Stoßdämpfer liegen.4. Liquid-cooled transformer according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that between the retained corners and the respectively assigned stop block (3) there are additional blocks as shock absorbers. 5. Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Transformator nach Anspruch 1 und 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der für die Anschlagklötze (3) verwendete Werkstoff sich mindestens in seinem Elastizitätsmodul stark von den Werkstoffen des Kesselbodens (1) und der Fußplatte (4) unterscheidet.5. Liquid-cooled transformer according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the material used for the stop blocks (3) differs greatly at least in its modulus of elasticity from the materials of the boiler bottom (1) and the base plate (4). 6. Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Transformator nach Anspruch 1 und 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oberen Kanten der Ecken der Fußplatten (4) unter einem Randwulst der Anschlagklötze (3) liegen und dadurch auch vertikal gehalten sind.6. Liquid-cooled transformer according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the upper edges of the corners of the foot plates (4) lie under an edge bead of the stop blocks (3) and are thereby also held vertically.
EP81102299A 1980-03-31 1981-03-26 High-power transformer with a liquid-cooled case Expired EP0037090B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81102299T ATE8187T1 (en) 1980-03-31 1981-03-26 LIQUID-COOLED TRANSFORMER FOR HIGH POWER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3012550 1980-03-31
DE3012550A DE3012550C2 (en) 1980-03-31 1980-03-31 Liquid-cooled transformer for large capacities

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0037090A1 true EP0037090A1 (en) 1981-10-07
EP0037090B1 EP0037090B1 (en) 1984-06-27

Family

ID=6098929

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81102299A Expired EP0037090B1 (en) 1980-03-31 1981-03-26 High-power transformer with a liquid-cooled case

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4419647A (en)
EP (1) EP0037090B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE8187T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1148644A (en)
DE (1) DE3012550C2 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4637678A (en) * 1982-06-01 1987-01-20 Hughes Aircraft Company Holographic laser protection device
CN102044326B (en) * 2009-10-13 2012-01-25 沈阳变压器研究院股份有限公司 Transformer oil tank
DE102013200696A1 (en) 2013-01-17 2014-07-17 Würth Elektronik eiSos Gmbh & Co. KG inductance component
CN106384648A (en) * 2016-12-06 2017-02-08 山东电力设备有限公司 Converter transformer body support device

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2220345A1 (en) * 1972-04-26 1973-11-15 Schorch Gmbh TRAIL TRANSPORTABLE TRAVEL TRANSFORMER

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125736A (en) * 1964-03-17 Stationary induction apparatus having means
GB125060A (en) * 1918-04-02 1919-11-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Improved Means for Adjusting Transformers in their Oil Boxes.
US2351097A (en) * 1942-02-23 1944-06-13 Wagner Electric Corp Transformer anchoring means
US3175174A (en) * 1961-04-11 1965-03-23 Gen Electric Centering and fastening means for internally supported transformer
US3312920A (en) * 1965-03-19 1967-04-04 Gen Electric Sound suppressing mounting for electric induction apparatus
US3344381A (en) * 1965-09-20 1967-09-26 Mc Graw Edison Co Electrical power transformer having means to prevent damage in shipment
US3474369A (en) * 1967-12-05 1969-10-21 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Hermetically sealed distribution transformer
US3792397A (en) * 1973-07-02 1974-02-12 Allis Chalmers Stationary induction apparatus having sound attenuating core clamping means

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2220345A1 (en) * 1972-04-26 1973-11-15 Schorch Gmbh TRAIL TRANSPORTABLE TRAVEL TRANSFORMER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE8187T1 (en) 1984-07-15
CA1148644A (en) 1983-06-21
EP0037090B1 (en) 1984-06-27
DE3012550A1 (en) 1981-10-08
US4419647A (en) 1983-12-06
DE3012550C2 (en) 1982-10-28

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