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EP0033658A1 - An Ort und Stelle gegossene Balken - Google Patents

An Ort und Stelle gegossene Balken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0033658A1
EP0033658A1 EP81300440A EP81300440A EP0033658A1 EP 0033658 A1 EP0033658 A1 EP 0033658A1 EP 81300440 A EP81300440 A EP 81300440A EP 81300440 A EP81300440 A EP 81300440A EP 0033658 A1 EP0033658 A1 EP 0033658A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
packing
plate
top plate
stool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81300440A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0033658B1 (de
Inventor
John Fordham Speaight Pryke
John Foley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pynford Ltd
Original Assignee
Pynford Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pynford Ltd filed Critical Pynford Ltd
Publication of EP0033658A1 publication Critical patent/EP0033658A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0033658B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033658B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/48—Foundations inserted underneath existing buildings or constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0274—Temporary shoring of wall opening
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/04—Propping of endangered or damaged buildings or building parts, e.g. with respect to air-raid action
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/06—Separating, lifting, removing of buildings; Making a new sub-structure

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with the construction of in situ cast beams in the walls of buildings.
  • Such beams are used in the underpinning and repair of buildings, for example when underpinning a cracked wall, the foundations of which have been subject to subsidence.
  • the beam is inserted in the wall of the building parallel to the plane of the wall and the load will then be redistributed by the beam onto the foundations, which may be renewed at the same time.
  • Such beams are also used as lintel beams which are inserted into the wall prior to cutting away the wall beneath the central portion of the beam.
  • the beam is conventionally constructed by a method, hereinafter referred to as of the kind described, involving cutting away the wall and inserting stools at horizontally spaced positions.
  • the stools are built in to support the wall above. With the intervening wall between the stools cut away, reinforcement is inserted, formwork is erected, and an in situ concrete beam is cast incorporating the reinforcement and stools.
  • each stool comprises a top plate and the stool is built in by applying to the top plate an upward reaction by means of a removable jacking device.
  • the top plate is then packed up from the wall below in a manner to transmit the full load bearing reaction between the wall above and the wall below, and the jacking device is removed before the beam is cast.
  • the jacking device may be operated out of the plane of the wall and involve for example lifting arms extending into the slot cut into the wall and engaging the underside of the top plate, or a scissor mechanism extending into the slot and taking a reaction from the wall at the bottom of the slot, either directly or indirectly.
  • the jacking device is interposed between the top plate and a bottom plate which is bedded on the wall below, and the top plate is packed up by packing interposed between the top and bottom plates.
  • the jacking device may then consist of two upright, preferably hydraulic, jacks standing one at each side of the stool within the slot.
  • the stool In order to transmit the vertical reaction through the stool, whilst allowing reinforcing rods to be inserted extending past the stool, the stool preferably incorporates at least one leg depending from the top plate and the top plate is packed up by packing up the bottom of the leg from the wall below. It would be possible to use the inverted arrangement in which the leg extends upwards from a bottom plate and packing is inserted between the top of the leg and the top plate but it is usually more convenient for the packing to be manipulated whilst resting on the bottom plate or wall below. To provide the cheapest possible construction of stool which will be sacrificed in the beam, a single central leg, for example of I-section may be used.
  • the vertical reaction through the leg will be aligned with the cavity and, in order to spread the load, a thick strong and consequently expensive top and/or bottom plate is required.
  • there may be a plurality of legs which diverge in the upward direction so that at least one leg supports the top plate beneath each leaf of the wall above.
  • the packing may be mechanical packing, such as sliding wedges which are forced together to pack up the top plate and develop the necessary load bearing reaction in the stool, prior to removal of the jacking device.
  • the vertical adjustment of the packing device, _as the load is developed, can be quite small as the movement is only that necessary to develop the load bearing reaction in the stool, and not lift the wall above, this already having been done by the jacking device.
  • Mechanical packing devices contribute a significant proportion of the cost of the stool and, particularly when provided at the bottom of the stool, may be recoverable after the beam has been cast and set.
  • the packing device may be enclosed in a housing having walls so shaped that-release of the packing device from the cast beam and withdrawal of the device through a face of the beam is facilitated.
  • the side walls of the housing may converge in the direction into the beam.
  • the more conventional technique of using a packing of mortar may be utilized. This is particularly convenient when the leg or legs are connected to a lower plate and the packing is introduced between the lower plate and the bottom plate.
  • the side walls may be sacrificed with the stool if for example they are formed integrally with the bottom or lower plate. Preferably however they are provided by a containment strap which is removable after the mortar packing has set and before the beam is cast.
  • the stool comprises a precast top plate 12 of reinforced concrete, a similar bottom plate 13, and an intermediate stool body which, as better shown in Figure 4, is a steel fabrication and consists of an upper rectangular plate 14, a leg 15 of I-section and a lower plate 16.
  • the stool is assembled by bedding the bottom plate 13 on the cut wall 17 at the bottom of the opening 10 with an interposed layer 18 of mortar.
  • a containment strap is then placed on the bottom plate 13.
  • This containment strap as shown in Figure 3, is a steel fabrication comprising two side angle pieces 19 with locating lugs 20 and 21, and an end plate 22 interconnecting the pieces 19.
  • a separate slotted end piece 23 cooperates with slots 24 in the side pieces 19 to provide an open topped and open bottomed box 25 the plan area of which just accommodates the lower place 16 of the stool body.
  • the containment strap, without the removable plate 23, is located on the bottom plate 13 with the lugs 20 engaging over the front edge of the plate.
  • the next stage in assembling the stool is to position the top plate 12 on top of the upper plate 14 with an interposed layer 26 of mortar, and, with a further layer 27 of mortar on top of the plate 12, this sub-assembly of stool body and top plate are offered up into the opening 10 so that the mortar layer 27 beds against the underside of the cut wall 28 above.
  • This can conveniently be done by engaging a pair of hydraulic jacks 29 against the underside of the upper plate 14, and manoeuvring the sub-assembly into the opening by an operator holding one of the jacks in each hand.
  • the lower plate 16 of the stool body will be caused to slide between the angle pieces 19.
  • the stool body and upper plate could be inserted into the opening 10 before the jacks 29 are inserted.
  • the manipulation of the two jacks may be simplified if they are interconnected by a U-shaped stirrup which embraces the leg 15 of the stool body.
  • the two hydraulics jacks 29 are then extended so that the stool body and upper plate 12 are lifted upwards relatively to the containment strap, bottom plate 13, and wall 17 below, the lower plate 16 of the stool body riding up inside the containment strap. At the same time any looseness in the wall 28 above is taken up as the wall is lifted as well.
  • the gap between the lower plate 16 and the bottom plate 13, within the containment strap, is packed with earth damp mortar 30 as far as the slots 24 and the plate 23 is then inserted to contain the mortar.
  • the jacks 29 can then immediately be removed leaving the wall 28 above safely supported from the wall 17 below as a result of the top plate and stool body effectively being packed up from the bottom plate and wall below by means of the mortar packing 30. This is shown in Figure 2B.
  • the opening 10 is then extended along the wall to form the next portion of the slot in which the beam will subsequently be cast.
  • the next stool 11 is built in and packed up, and the jacks removed, and these steps repeated until all the stools have been built in.
  • the packing 30 in each of the stools will have set and the containment straps are removed by lifting out the plates 23, lifting and flexing apart the free ends of the angle pieces 19, and sliding the box off the respective bottom plate 13.
  • Reinforcement including rods 31 is then fitted into the slot usually by attachment to the stools 11, formwork is erected at the front and rear of the slot, and a mass 32 of concrete is cast to produce a beam incorporating the stools 11 and reinforcement.
  • the gap between the top of the cast concrete beam and the wall 28 above is usually filled by packing in a layer 33 of earth damp mortar.
  • the wall 28 above is then supported from the full length of the beam. It will be appreciated that the beam is formed using only a single pair of the hydraulic jacks 29, and one of the containment straps for each stool, and these parts are all recovered for reuse.
  • Figure 2A shows the two hydraulic jacks mounted one on each side of the stool substantially in the central plane of the wall. This is acceptable when the wall has only a single leaf, and indeed in the case of a cavity wall when the reaction from the jacks is spread by the angle pieces 19 and upper place 14 to the parts of the plates 12 and 13 engaging beneath the inner and outer leaves of the wall.
  • a metallic spreader such as the containment strap or upper plate 14 is not used, it may on some occasions be desirable to reposition the pair of jacks across, rather than along the wall, so that their reaction is directly in alignment with the inner and outer wall leaves.
  • the leg 15 of the stool body still applies a substantially central reaction to the top and bottom plates, thereby leading, in the case of a cavity wall, to some slight danger of cracking of the plates, unless the plates are made very thick, or contain a large quantity of reinforcement, both of which involve additional expense.
  • a stool body such as that shown in Figures 5 and 6, with multiple, and preferably upwardly diverging legs 34.
  • the legs are secured to an angularly domed steel bottom plate 35 and have feet 36 at their upper ends.
  • the upper ends of the legs could be connected by an upper plate 14 such as that in the first example but the feet 36 are adequate for engagement directly against the top plate 12, and in positions beneath the leaves of a cavity wall.
  • the upper ends of the legs are prevented from splaying under load by a peripheral steel wire 37 preferably welded to the legs 34.
  • the reaction from the jacks 29 may be applied in this example to the wire 37 by means of a cross head 38 which seats on the upper ends of the jacks and engages beneath the wire 37. Otherwise the stool body is used similarly to that of the first example.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
EP81300440A 1980-02-04 1981-02-03 An Ort und Stelle gegossene Balken Expired EP0033658B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8003654 1980-02-04
GB8003654 1980-02-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033658A1 true EP0033658A1 (de) 1981-08-12
EP0033658B1 EP0033658B1 (de) 1983-09-07

Family

ID=10511109

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81300440A Expired EP0033658B1 (de) 1980-02-04 1981-02-03 An Ort und Stelle gegossene Balken

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0033658B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3160830D1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2137958A (en) * 1983-03-16 1984-10-17 Arthur Samuel Paul Brook Installing Lintels
CN102146734B (zh) * 2010-02-08 2013-05-01 上海天演建筑物移位工程有限公司 具有自锁功能的建筑物顶升系统
CN104594655A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2015-05-06 杭州固力建筑工程有限公司 一种砖混结构墙体拆除临时支撑的应用方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3796055A (en) * 1972-05-19 1974-03-12 R Mahony Method and apparatus for underpinning and raising a building foundation
GB1497413A (en) * 1975-04-09 1978-01-12 Pynford Ltd Load bearing supports

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3796055A (en) * 1972-05-19 1974-03-12 R Mahony Method and apparatus for underpinning and raising a building foundation
GB1497413A (en) * 1975-04-09 1978-01-12 Pynford Ltd Load bearing supports

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2137958A (en) * 1983-03-16 1984-10-17 Arthur Samuel Paul Brook Installing Lintels
CN102146734B (zh) * 2010-02-08 2013-05-01 上海天演建筑物移位工程有限公司 具有自锁功能的建筑物顶升系统
CN104594655A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2015-05-06 杭州固力建筑工程有限公司 一种砖混结构墙体拆除临时支撑的应用方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3160830D1 (en) 1983-10-13
EP0033658B1 (de) 1983-09-07

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