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EP0024500B1 - Elément de construction en béton - Google Patents

Elément de construction en béton Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024500B1
EP0024500B1 EP80103602A EP80103602A EP0024500B1 EP 0024500 B1 EP0024500 B1 EP 0024500B1 EP 80103602 A EP80103602 A EP 80103602A EP 80103602 A EP80103602 A EP 80103602A EP 0024500 B1 EP0024500 B1 EP 0024500B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
longitudinal
component according
transverse webs
transverse
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80103602A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0024500A3 (en
EP0024500A2 (fr
Inventor
Harry Schenk
Walter Schenk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT80103602T priority Critical patent/ATE5665T1/de
Publication of EP0024500A2 publication Critical patent/EP0024500A2/fr
Publication of EP0024500A3 publication Critical patent/EP0024500A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0024500B1 publication Critical patent/EP0024500B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0216—Cribbing walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
    • E01F8/02—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise
    • E01F8/021—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise with integral support structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a concrete component for embankment fastenings, slope supports, noise barriers or the like.
  • a space lattice construction consisting in one piece of at least two crossbars and two crossbars connecting the crossbars.
  • the concrete structural elements which themselves generally have a relatively loosened structure, are used as structural elements for the embankment to be erected, etc., and are filled with earth, which allows greening desired for landscaping reasons.
  • the concrete components are usually not particularly interconnected, the necessary stability of the arrangement usually results from the weight of the components and the backfill material.
  • the aim is to keep the proportion of concrete as low as possible, in other words to keep the ratio of concrete to backfill material low.
  • the required stability must be ensured, taking into account in particular the influence of the slope pressure.
  • the longitudinal spars are designed as angle profiles and are arranged essentially in one plane, so that they form a flat trough, as it were.
  • the longitudinal spars are connected in one piece by the transverse webs, which are designed as feet on their underside and rest on the transverse webs of corresponding components arranged underneath.
  • the frame-shaped prefabricated part shown there consists of a flat frame, in which the longitudinal bars and crossbars, in particular the main section of the crossbars, are located in a single common plane, while below the main sections of the crossbars in the two edge regions, knob-like feet are formed in the longitudinal bars. by means of which the individual frame-shaped finished parts are placed on top of one another.
  • a major disadvantage of the known frame-shaped prefabricated part has been found in practice that the known prefabricated parts do not have such inherent stability in order to a favorable ratio of the area covered by the longitudinal spars, that is to say “concreted”, as compared to the free space between the longitudinal spars that is reserved for greening to reach.
  • this ratio is at best 1: 1, for example, the longitudinal spars are 25 cm high and the feet are also 25 cm high, so that the space between two longitudinal spars is also only 25 cm.
  • Such an unfavorable ratio shows, for example in the case of noise barriers on streets, a high reflection and only a relatively low absorption capacity of the wall.
  • the low free greening height makes greening extremely difficult, on the one hand due to poor sunshine on the area to be greened and on the other hand, especially with retaining walls that are practically “connected” to the filled soil with an embankment inadequate water supply due to the narrow free spaces that are supposed to ensure the penetration of moisture.
  • these wall structures composed of separate spars have a high ratio of concrete to backfill material. This is apart from the material costs in the manufacture and the costs of a more complicated assembly on the construction site, also from abroad design reasons with regard to an optimal greening of the wall construction undesirable.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a component of the generic type while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned, which in particular has such a high inherent stability that, compared to the prior art, a more favorable ratio of free space to side surface covered by the longitudinal spars can be achieved, and its constructive design also ensures a constant compression and better solidification of the backfilling over the total height of the wall construction, so that the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided, in particular a better absorption ratio can be achieved, so that a composite is built at low cost and with a favorable ratio of concrete to backfilling can be characterized by high stability with favorable growth conditions for greening.
  • each transverse web has at the ends of its main section in each case an extension extending vertically to the longitudinal center line of the main section, the extension of one end running in the opposite direction to the extension of the other end, the respective extensions with the respective Longitudinal spars are connected in one piece and the upper boundary surface of the lower longitudinal spar when the component is in a horizontal position is inclined at an acute angle to the longitudinal center line of the main section of the transverse web.
  • a concrete component according to the invention has a staircase-like or chair-like structure, with which, in particular at greater element heights, an improved introduction of the slope pressure into the foundation and thus increased stability is achieved if the upper longitudinal spar is arranged on the slope side and the lower longitudinal spar is arranged on the valley side.
  • the concrete structural elements are arranged one above the other, in particular in such a way that the main section of each cross member runs horizontally. Characterized in that the upper boundary surface of the lower longitudinal spar is inclined at an acute angle to the longitudinal center line of the main section of the crossbar, a compression that is uniform over the entire height and better consolidation of the backfill is achieved, which ensures optimal greening. A full-grown planting can thus arise, which allows the concrete components to appear only to a small extent and also brings about improved sound absorption. In addition, there is an improved connection of the soil backfill with the slope, which leads to more intensive moisture supply, better rooting and thus increased solidification of the filled soil.
  • the width of the concrete components according to the invention can be varied easily by appropriately designing the length of the crossbars.
  • the upper or lower side of the extensions which extend in the opposite direction to the longitudinal center line of the main section of a transverse web form the contact surfaces with which the components can be arranged one above the other.
  • the longitudinal spars provide the required internal stability of the concrete components and also allow various further training.
  • the longitudinal spars are triangular in cross section, but it is advisable to break the triangular edges through horizontal or vertical surfaces.
  • the dimensions of the longitudinal spars can also differ from the opposite, i.e. can be reduced to the outside and downward side, so that the longitudinal bars are formed as an inclined bar, which leads to a reduction in the concrete weight and thus the costs.
  • the main sections of the crosspieces usually have the shape of a parallelepiped.
  • the extensions of the main sections are preferably of approximately rectangular cross section, so that they form contact surfaces for the concrete components arranged one above the other.
  • the rectangular shape is preferably only approximate, it is advisable, starting from the main section of the crosspiece, to provide a certain convergence according to the draft angle and thus to make the extensions weakly trapezoidal.
  • the concrete components according to the invention can be easily designed for production in such a way that simple, unproblematic shapes can be used.
  • the lower, longitudinal spar is formed in the manner described with an inclined upper boundary surface, so that it holds the soil filling in addition to its static function and causes an even pressure distribution .
  • the upper, longitudinal spar which acts as a horizontal frame beam with a static function, can be designed as required.
  • An embankment attachment, etc., built up from such components is consequently out of order Apparently asymmetrical slope and valley side.
  • an upper boundary surface of the upper longitudinal spar is inclined at an obtuse angle to the main section of the crossbar, i.e. forms an acute angle with the main portion of a similar component arranged above it.
  • the upper longitudinal spars protrude above the relevant extensions, whereby it is advisable to provide the longitudinal spars in the area of the transverse webs with recesses whose width corresponds at least to the width of the transverse webs, and thus certain insertion play allows when the crossbars of a component arranged above are inserted into the recesses serving as supports.
  • the design of the longitudinal spars plays an important role in maintaining and distributing the density of the soil filling.
  • the invention further provides that in profile the connecting end between the upper edge of one of the inclined upper boundary surfaces of the longitudinal spars and the lower inner edge of the corresponding (ie upper or lower) longitudinal spar of a concrete component arranged above it runs at an angle to the vertical , which corresponds at most to the angle of repose of the filling material and which is preferably approximately the same.
  • the inclined upper boundary surfaces and the special training described above are either only provided on the lower or on both longitudinal spars.
  • the main sections of the crossbars have a recess on their underside and a projection on their top side, the projections positively engaging in the recesses of a concrete component arranged above them.
  • the projections on the lower and the recesses on the upper side of the main sections of the transverse webs can of course also be provided in reverse.
  • the main sections of the crosspieces have, as it were, interlocking crankings, so that the slope pressure is not only supported by force but also in a form-fitting manner.
  • the foundation for a structure constructed from such concrete components also has corresponding projections or recesses so that the thrust forces that occur can be introduced into the foundation. It is advisable to design the recesses and the protrusions in the profile in a trapezoidal manner, as a result of which the joining of the concrete components is considerably simplified.
  • through holes extending in the vertical direction can also be provided instead of or in addition to the measures described above, the through holes of concrete components arranged one above the other being aligned with one another.
  • steel bars can be inserted or cemented into the aligned through holes to meet the highest stability requirements.
  • the through holes preferably run in the area of the extensions of the main sections of the transverse webs.
  • the greening is not only provided for landscaping reasons, it also improves the noise protection effect, serves to secure the backfilling and is also advantageous from a climatological point of view. From that point of view One strives to maintain the largest possible green areas in relation to the concrete areas and to create favorable growth conditions for the green areas. Only by reducing the concrete cross-sections can this be achieved to a very limited extent for reasons of stability.
  • a concrete component of the type described at the outset is therefore to be developed in such a way that large-scale greening under optimal growth conditions with regard to ventilation, light radiation and humidification is achieved without impairing the stability properties.
  • At least the lower longitudinal spar has a widening projecting downward in the region of its inside.
  • the subsidence slope which is determined by the connecting end between the inner upper edge of a longitudinal spar and the free long side of the widening of the longitudinal spar of the concrete component arranged above it, has less steepness and consequently a larger surface area of the filling for greening is available.
  • the widening also contributes to the stability of the entire concrete component, so that the cross section of the longitudinal spars, in particular in the area of the outside, can be reduced and consequently the conditions for the access of light, air and moisture can be improved.
  • structures supported on the slope such as embankment fastenings or slope supports
  • the widenings are designed as strips with essentially parallel surfaces and protrude downwards and project over the inside of the longitudinal spars.
  • the strips which are integrally formed in one piece on the longitudinal spars in the production of the concrete components, can be connected to the inside and / or underside of the longitudinal spars.
  • with respect to the longitudinal center line of the main section of the transverse web inclined upper boundary surface of at least one of the longitudinal bars is advisable to design so that the upper boundary surface of the longitudinal strut and the top of attached to the longitudinal beam - closed bar at least parallel to each other, but preferably in an common level. This results in a funnel effect of longitudinal spars and ledges, which favors the filling process.
  • the profile of a concrete component according to the invention is preferably designed such that the connecting element determining the earthfall slope, as explained, between the inner upper edge of one of the inclined upper boundary surfaces of the longitudinal spars and the lower inner edge faces the widening connected to the corresponding longitudinal spar of the component arranged above it Horizontal runs at an angle that corresponds at most to the angle of repose of the backfill material, but is usually chosen to be smaller and in a preferred embodiment is approximately 45 °.
  • the top of the widening and, if appropriate, also the upper boundary surface of the longitudinal spar be inclined at an angle that is smaller than the slope of the Erdfall, preferably at approximately 35 °, with respect to the horizontal.
  • the free longitudinal narrow side of the widening is not a correspondingly inclined flat surface, but is limited in cross section by a right angle with a vertical leg and a horizontal leg.
  • the widenings preferably have cutouts whose width corresponds at least to the width of the transverse webs. This does not matter on the upper longitudinal spars because the extensions connected to them necessarily project into the interior between the crossbars.
  • the recesses lead to a mutual locking of components arranged one above the other in the longitudinal direction, with the width of the recesses allowing a joint play to be set which permits smooth assembly.
  • the arrangement of the concrete components according to the invention in the composite is usually such that the components of a layer are offset in the longitudinal direction with respect to the components of the underlying layer, so that there is mutual interlocking over the entire surface of the composite.
  • the invention provides that recesses are provided on the top of the crosspieces, the recesses extending over the web width, the contour of which corresponds to the contour of the corresponds to the lower longitudinal spar of a widening provided component arranged above.
  • the arrangement is made such that the widenings fit into the recesses in the transverse webs of the component arranged below them in a form-fitting manner. This provides an effective support against the influence of slope pressure.
  • the widenings naturally go through at least in the region of the recesses in which the locking takes place, preferably in the region of the transverse webs and, if appropriate, over their entire length without interruption, recesses or the like.
  • a correspondingly different design in the area of the transverse webs of the components allows a simultaneous mutual interlocking of the components in the longitudinal and transverse directions. If the widenings on the one hand and the recesses of the crosspieces on the other hand are applied at different distances from the outside of the components in the depth direction, then a joint inclined to the slope to form a slope can be erected.
  • a foundation is built in the usual way, which has a simple front box recess for the lower longitudinal spar of the lowermost component resting on the foundation, which is designed without a widening according to the invention.
  • the attachment by the weight of components and backfilling is usually sufficient, so that a special locking of the lowest component on the foundation is not necessary.
  • raster beads for example of semicircular cross section, can be provided on the top of the foundation, to which recesses on the underside of the main sections of the transverse webs are assigned. In this way, an effective additional locking of the components on the foundation with respect to transverse thrust can be achieved.
  • the invention provides that the outer sides of the extensions of the main sections of the transverse webs and the adjacent end faces of the main sections of the transverse webs each form a flat end face and that the end faces and / or the outer surfaces of the longitudinal spars at least on a lower part of their height are inclined outwards, in other words overhanging.
  • This training brings about a further improvement in the conditions with regard to the access of light, air and moisture and also leads to a loosening of the appearance of a structure constructed from such components, which is advantageous from a design point of view.
  • this measure facilitates the demolding process in the production of concrete components according to the invention. It is also advisable to break the upper edge of longitudinal spars or crossbars with a more or less wide surface that is inclined towards the inside.
  • the main section of the crosspiece is reduced in its middle in a central region to the lower longitudinal spar. It was surprisingly found that even with a substantial reduction in the main section of the crosspiece, there is still sufficient inherent stability of the entire frame-shaped prefabricated part due to the arrangement of the longitudinal spars, which is initially offset in height. This is essentially due to the fact that the central region of the crosspiece has to absorb only small forces, namely in particular the compressive forces of the earth masses filled in, but in particular no vertical forces. The inherent stability can be increased by the widening of the longitudinal spars which may have to be provided.
  • the openings or gaps between crosspieces placed one above the other in the components due to this configuration when placed one above the other can either remain open if, for example, natural earth formations are connected to the end wall of a wall made of frame-shaped prefabricated parts, so that the earth filled in the frame construction with the earth of the natural Soil formation comes into contact, both soil areas touch and plant roots move from one to the other others can cross, so that an intimate connection and liability is achieved.
  • the gaps can either be left open and also used for greening, so that a greening, albeit limited, also occurs on the end faces.
  • the end faces can, however, also be covered and closed off by separate insert plates.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the component is characterized in that an abutment is formed by a lower, inclined contact surface of the foot and a correspondingly inclined upper contact surface on the crosspiece in the region of the starting point of the upper longitudinal spar.
  • This idea of the design of the invention is taken up and continued by providing a shoulder on the crossbar for supporting a further element, in particular in the area of the front or lower longitudinal spar, with a support surface adapted to the design of the crossbar in the area of the lower longitudinal spar and the support surface as an oblique Abutment surface is designed to adapt to the optionally present inclined strip-shaped widening of the longitudinal spar.
  • the frame-shaped components can thus be aligned with one side or the other, that is, either with the lower or the upper longitudinal spar towards the slope. This is particularly advantageous in the case of a wavy ground formation in which, for example, a slope is initially to be supported on one side.
  • the frame-shaped component can be used, for example, in the case of a ground formation with a saddle, namely by firstly aligning one front, that is to say, for example, that in the region of the upper longitudinal spar toward an embankment to be supported, then the wall in the actual saddle of a railing formation is completely free and at the transition of the saddle to an adjoining hill or a subsequent embankment, the opposite front, for example that in the region of the lower longitudinal spar, is directed towards the embankment to support it.
  • the component is preferably designed in such a way that the width of the shoulder on the transverse web is variable.
  • the shoulder can therefore extend further inwards for a given component, that is to say it can be made wider, so that another component can then be placed on a component designed in this way, which component only has a shortened reveal or a shortened middle part in the crosspiece, and is therefore narrower overall .
  • it can be tapered or narrowed upwards in a step formation from stacked, frame-shaped prefabricated parts according to the invention, in that only one further prefabricated part is placed on a prefabricated part with such a configuration, which only compared to the prefabricated parts below is reduced in the length of the main portion of the crossbar.
  • Such an element with a shortened main part of the crossbar adapts easily to an inwardly widened shoulder, in which the surface of the shoulder is therefore extended and the connecting surface to the main section of the crossbar is displaced inwards.
  • transverse webs are provided at the ends of the longitudinal spars, it is achieved that just the ends of the longitudinal spars are held together, which can be easily blown apart and broken apart in known finished parts by weather influences, in particular frost, and earth pressure. This is completely avoided by the design mentioned. It is desirable when the components according to the invention are arranged in a row to allow an optically perfect or uniform impression, in particular so that successive transverse webs which are visible from the front in such a wall do not vary in their width. In addition, it is advantageous to arrange the components offset one above the other, thereby increasing the hold of a construction selected from prefabricated parts according to the invention.
  • cross webs are provided at both ends of the longitudinal spars, these cross webs at the ends are only about half the thickness compared to other cross webs present.
  • concrete from which the component is generally made is also subject to certain dimensional changes due to temperature differences.
  • the thickness of the transverse webs present at the ends of the longitudinal spars is dimensioned in relation to the other transverse webs in such a way that when two outer transverse webs are placed against one another, leaving a small air gap for such temperature expansions, the overall dimensions the two outer crosspieces and the air gap into overall, do not exceed the thickness of the other, in particular inner cross webs.
  • the further developments of the frame-shaped components according to the invention which can be carried out in combination with one or more of the configurations previously specified by the applicant, create a prefabricated part with optimal properties, in particular in adaptation to the requirements for such components.
  • the component not only has high inherent stability with a low dead weight, but rather also results in a composite with high overall stability and internal hold.
  • the slope pressure can be optimally absorbed both from the front and from the back.
  • the ratio of the free front surface height to the height of the longitudinal spars is optimal at around 2: 1 or better and is in any case cheaper than with the known prefabricated parts.
  • the sloping slope is flattened, which results in an enlargement and extension of the same. The result is a larger plant area.
  • the growth conditions for plants, especially for demanding crop plants, can also be improved by providing artificial irrigation facilities when building noise barriers or the like.
  • openings are provided in the transverse webs for the implementation of irrigation and / or drainage pipes, this configuration in particular being able to be further developed in that at the ends of the Longitudinal crossbars are provided, or that a breakthrough for irrigation is provided directly below the longitudinal spar above a possible slope.
  • Water sprinkler pipes can then be passed through the openings or recesses in the transverse webs, which are led over the slope of the earthfall in a noise protection wall and can therefore spray the plants from above.
  • This configuration can be used in particular in park or city areas, which gives a high degree of freedom in terms of garden architecture for the planting of the noise barriers made from prefabricated parts according to the invention.
  • foils are inserted between the foundations and these are filled with gravel, as a result of which better retention of water and moisture is achieved.
  • the concrete components shown in the figures essentially consist of two mutually parallel longitudinal spars 1, 2 and perpendicular crosspieces 3, which are made in one piece and form a stable frame.
  • a transverse web 3 is provided at the ends of the longitudinal spars 1, 2 and in the center.
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of the concrete components according to the invention.
  • Each transverse web 3 has at the ends of its main section 4 in each case an extension 5 or 6 which extends vertically to the longitudinal center line of the main section, the extension 5 of one end extending upwards and the extension 5 of the other end extending downwards.
  • FIG. 1 shows how these concrete components can be arranged one above the other, the main section 4 of each cross piece 3 running horizontally and the upper sides of main section 4 or upper extension 5 forming the contact surfaces for a concrete component arranged above. To achieve a level degree are on the upper concrete component shown placed a wall crown 7 on the front. In addition, the remaining gaps are filled in by end pieces 8, 9 on the end faces. Furthermore, it is shown how vertically extending through holes 10 are provided in the area of the extensions 5, 6 of the main section 4 of the transverse webs, which are aligned with one another, so that correspondingly continuous steel rods can be cemented in.
  • Figure 2 shows in detail a concrete component, which is provided for the erection of embankments, slope supports, etc., generally of single-sided structures, namely a) in front view, b) in plan view and c) in cross section C-C.
  • the lower longitudinal spar 2 which in the installed state is ta! Side, has an upper boundary surface 11 which is inclined at an acute angle a to the longitudinal center line of the main section 4 of the transverse web 3 and thus faces the interior of the profile of the concrete component.
  • the lower extension 6 of the main section 4 of the crosspiece 3 or the lower longitudinal spar 2 in the immediate area of the crosspiece 3 are essentially rectangular with vertical or horizontal front and bottom sides, while the inside converges slightly starting from the main portion 4 of the crosspiece 3, to form a draft angle so that a slight trapezoidal shape results in rigor.
  • the upper extensions 5 and the upper longitudinal spar 1 over their entire length are correspondingly slightly trapezoidal, in this exemplary embodiment the upper longitudinal spar in the installation, that is to say on the slope, corresponds over its entire length to the upper extensions 5 in profile.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of a concrete building element, which is intended for buildings that are exposed on two sides, such as, for example, noise barriers, namely a) in front view, b) in plan view and c) in section C-C.
  • the basic structure and the design of the lower extensions 6 of the main sections 4 of the transverse webs 3 and of the lower longitudinal spar 2 correspond to those according to FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of a concrete building element, which is intended for buildings that are exposed on two sides, such as, for example, noise barriers, namely a) in front view, b) in plan view and c) in section C-C.
  • the basic structure and the design of the lower extensions 6 of the main sections 4 of the transverse webs 3 and of the lower longitudinal spar 2 correspond to those according to FIG. 2.
  • Longitudinal beam 1 has an upper boundary surface 11 which is symmetrical to that of the lower longitudinal beam 2 and thus at an obtuse angle ⁇ to the main section 4 of the crosspiece 3, ie is inclined at an acute angle with respect to the main crosspiece section of a concrete component (not shown) arranged above it.
  • the upper longitudinal spar 1 projects above the upper extensions 5 of the crossbar main sections 4 and has recesses 12 in the area of the crossbars 3, which form contact surfaces for a further concrete component (not shown) arranged above.
  • the width of the recesses 12 is dimensioned larger than the width of the transverse webs 3 by an insertion play.
  • FIG. 4 shows a fastening for an embankment 13 constructed from the concrete components shown in FIG. 2.
  • a foundation 14 is first built, which, in order to adapt to the underside of the lowermost concrete component, has a longitudinal rib corresponding to an upper longitudinal spar 15 has.
  • the concrete components are arranged one above the other up to the intended height, in each case before filling a further layer of concrete components, an earth filling 16 is introduced, which is then planted with plants 17.
  • FIG. 5 shows a noise barrier built from the components shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen how, on the two exposed sides of this noise barrier, the conditions explained above in connection with FIG. 4 with regard to the design of the longitudinal bars 1, 2 and the binding the backfill 16 prevail.
  • Another embodiment of the longitudinal spars 1, 2 is shown for the uppermost concrete component, in the area of which there is only a relatively low earth pressure. These do not have a triangular cross section here, but are reduced to a correspondingly inclined bar 20. This training leads, on the one hand, to concrete and thus weight savings and, on the other hand, to even better lighting conditions for the greening 17.
  • FIG. 6 shows a slope fastening which essentially corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
  • the main sections 4 of the transverse webs 3 have a protrusion 21 which tapers from the main section 4 and has a correspondingly shaped recess 22 on their underside. It can be seen how projections 21 and recesses 22 form fit into one another in the assembled state and thus absorb lateral thrust forces. To introduce these shear forces into the foundation 14, this is also provided on its upper side with a corresponding projection 21 which surrounds the recess 22 of the lowermost concrete component.
  • FIG. 7 shows a front view of an embankment attachment constructed from the concrete components described. You can see how there are plenty of spaces between them that allow the concrete portion to recede in appearance and enable generous greening.
  • the concrete components shown in Figure 8 essentially consist of two mutually parallel longitudinal spars 1, 2 and perpendicular crossbars 3, which are made in one piece and form a stable frame.
  • the figure does not show that in the exemplary embodiment a transverse web 3 is provided at the ends of the longitudinal spars 1, 2 and in the center.
  • Each transverse web has at the ends of its main section 4 an extension 5 or 6, which extends vertically to the longitudinal center line of the main section 4, the extension 5 running upwards and the extension 6 running downwards.
  • the concrete components are arranged one above the other in a composite, the upper sides of main section 4 or upper extension 5 forming the contact surfaces for the concrete component arranged above each.
  • all concrete components have the same width, but of course there is the possibility of using different concrete components. to be carried out, in particular, with the width decreasing upwards in the composite.
  • the bottom concrete component rests on a foundation 27.
  • protruding widenings are integrally formed in the form of strips 28 with parallel surfaces, which are connected to the inner and lower sides of the longitudinal spar 1, 2 and are inclined downward over the inner sides of the longitudinal spars 1, 2 project.
  • Such a broadening is only missing from the lower longitudinal spar 2 in the lowest component, since this longitudinal spar 2 rests directly on the foundation 27.
  • the upper boundary surfaces 29 of the longitudinal beams 1, 2 are inclined with respect to the longitudinal center line of the main section 4 of the transverse webs 3 towards the interior of the concrete components and lie with the upper side of the strips 28 in a common plane, so that seen in cross section, the filling of the Filling material favoring the filling material (not shown in the figure) results.
  • This connecting end 31 forms an angle (y) with the horizontal which is also referred to in the context of the invention as an "inclined slope", in the exemplary embodiment shown is approximately 45 ° and is therefore smaller than the angle of repose of the filling material.
  • the upper side of the strip 28 and the upper boundary surface 29 of the longitudinal spars 1, 2 run at an angle which is smaller than that of approximately 35 ° with respect to the horizontal.
  • the free longitudinal narrow side of the strips 28 is, as the figure shows, limited in cross section by a right angle with a vertical leg 32 and a horizontal leg 33.
  • the outer sides of the extensions 5, 6 of the crossbar main sections 4 and the adjacent end faces of the main sections 4 each form a flat end face 34 (FIG. 8), which is inclined outwardly overhanging on its lower part, however, which extends over most of its height .
  • the outer surfaces 35 of the longitudinal spars 1, 2 are also inclined from their lower edge on the lower and predominant part of their height to the outside, namely at a larger angle than the end faces 34 with respect to the vertical, so that the end faces 34, the transverse webs 3 and the outer surfaces 35 of the longitudinal spars 1, 2 project approximately equally far beyond the outer boundary of the contact surfaces 36.
  • the contour of the recesses 37 is adapted to the contour of the strips 28 enclosing it in a form-fitting manner, so that a mutual locking of the components results against a slope pressure acting, for example, in the direction of arrow 38.
  • the foundation 27 has a simple box-shaped recess 39 for the lower longitudinal face 2 of the lowermost component which is not provided with a strip and deviates from the upper components.
  • a locking against the slope pressure 38 between the foundation 27 and the bottom component is achieved in the exemplary embodiment in that the foundation 27 has on its upper side raster beads 40 of approximately semicircular cross-section which form-fit into corresponding recesses 41 in the main section 4 of the crosspiece 3 of the lowermost component.
  • FIG. 9 shows an overall perspective view of a preferred basic shape of the frame-shaped prefabricated part or component according to the invention.
  • the component has two longitudinal spars 1 and 2 arranged parallel to one another, which are connected to one another via four transverse webs 3 and 3 '. This results in a triple subdivision. It can be seen in particular from FIGS. 9 and 10 that the transverse webs 3 ′, which each close the frame at the ends of the longitudinal spars, only have approximately half the thickness of the transverse webs 3.
  • the extensions 5 u. 6 are integrally connected to the respective longitudinal spars 1 and 2.
  • the longitudinal spars 1 and 2 have a head body which has a generally triangular cross section with an upper inclined surface, a widening 28 projecting downwards being formed in one piece on this main section in the region of the inside of the main section, the upper surface of which is in a plane with the inclined top of the longitudinal spars 1 and 2 is located, while the lower surface is arranged parallel to this, so that the widenings 28 are formed as essentially parallel surfaces limited strips and project downward inclined over the inner sides of the longitudinal spars 1 and 2.
  • the reveal of the main section 4 of the crossbars 3 and 3 ' is reduced as much as possible, the final width or height of the main section 4 being determined only by static requirements, which are of course determined by the other dimensions of the crossbar 3, but on that It should be noted that the main section 4, in particular in its central region, is not exposed to any particular loads, in particular other finished parts not placed on weights.
  • By reducing the main section 4 of the crossbars 3 and 3 ', in particular in the central area it is possible, as provided according to the invention, to form special attachment or support parts in the support areas for the finished parts.
  • a foot 51 is formed on the main section 4 of the crossbar 3 or 3 'below section 5 of the crossbar, which has a trapezoidal or flattened triangular shape in cross-section, its side surfaces being flush with the side surfaces of the crossbar and at least one of the bevelled surfaces with the Top of section 5 is adapted to each other.
  • the crosspiece 3 or 3 ' is provided with a hump-shaped shoulder or a shoulder 52.
  • This shoulder 52 essentially has a flat surface 53 and an oblique connecting surface 54 to the central section or main section 4 of the crosspiece 3 or 3 '.
  • This configuration of the shoulder 52 is adapted in the lower profile of section 6, including the widening 28 of the longitudinal spar 2 in the region of the transverse webs 3, 3 '(FIG. 11).
  • the component therefore has an approximately armchair-shaped view in the side view, section 6 and foot 51 representing the feet of the armchair and section 5 could be regarded as the backrest of an armchair understood in this way.
  • the seat that would be the middle part of the main section 4, is arranged slightly recessed.
  • the preferred embodiment also contributes to this, according to which the outer, that is to say marginal, crosspieces 3 'have only approximately half the thickness of the central crosspieces 3.
  • This configuration ensures that in uniform spacing, uniform foundations can be provided and, moreover, optically two components placed next to one another do not take up more space for their two crosspieces in the area of the stacking than is the case with the other central crosspieces 3 (FIG. 10).
  • such a component according to the invention has in its basic form the ; following dimensions:
  • the total length of the longitudinal spars and thus also of the basic element is 5.99 m, so that taking into account a joint of 1 cm between adjacent components, a component has a total length of 6 meters.
  • the middle crosspieces have a thickness of 25 cm, while the outer crosspieces 3 'are only 12 cm thick.
  • the front visible height of the longitudinal spars is 25 cm ; while the free space between the longitudinal spars of two components arranged one above the other is 50 cm.
  • a component therefore has a front height of 75 cm, of which 2/3 can be seen as free space.
  • the height of the crossbars in the area of the main section is 38 cm, the distance from the upper edge of the main section imposed on a crossbar to the lower edge of the crossbar above is 37 cm.
  • the amount of ; Paragraph 52 beyond the upper edge of the central main section 4 is 12 cm.
  • the width of a prefabricated part and thus the length of the crosspiece 3 or 3 'can in principle vary, preferably between 1.25 cm and 2.50 m.
  • the component with a smaller width usually being seated on the component with a larger width configurations are provided as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 and with reference to these figures below are described.
  • the uppermost component in FIG. 11 also has a shoulder or shoulder 56 corresponding to the shoulder or shoulder 52, which has surfaces 57 and 58 corresponding to surfaces 53 and 54.
  • the surface 57 of the shoulder 56 is longer than the surface 53 of the shoulder 52.
  • a finished part can be placed on the finished part designed in this way, which only has a shorter main section 4 than this and the other components shown in FIG the longitudinal spars and all of the structural designs provided in the side region of the transverse webs have just moved closer to one another by the amount by which the surface 57 is longer than the surface 53.
  • steps are made possible in a wall or wall fastening constructed from the components according to the invention, specifically in the form of recessed front longitudinal spars 2.
  • the formation of the free shoulder or shoulder 52 is identical for all elements.
  • the middle component there is provided that the upper longitudinal spar 1 connected to it does not essentially end with the edge of the transverse web 3 or 3 ', but rather is offset horizontally from this edge towards the inside .
  • the offset is so large that a less wide element can be placed on this element (ie the central element in FIG. 12), in which the central main section 4 is just shorter in its area by the offset.
  • steps can be formed, so to speak, on the rear side, that is to say in the region of the upper longitudinal spars, in a lattice wall formed from the components according to the invention.
  • openings 61 and 62 are provided in the crosspieces 3 and 3 'for irrigation or drainage lines or pipes.
  • the opening 61 is formed as a recess in the upper edge of the crosspiece 3 at the corner between surfaces 53 and connecting surface 54. During manufacture, therefore, a bead can simply be provided in the formwork to form this recess.
  • the openings 61 and 62 have diameters of, for example, 5 to 6 cm. An irrigation or sprinkler pipe is passed through the breakthroughs, which then holds freely over the slope of the earthfall, and blows up the plants that stand out on it.
  • the configuration with the possibility of irrigation is particularly advantageous in the case of walls made from the element according to the invention, which are provided in urban areas, in parks or the like, since more demanding plants are often used here which also have to be watered. If artificial irrigation is carried out, a wide range of garden designs is possible.
  • a film with a gravel bed as a water bed reservoir for moisture retention between the fields of the transverse foundations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Claims (24)

1. Elément modulaire en béton pour des constructions de stabilisation de talus, de soutien de pentes, pour des murs antibruits ou l'analogue se présentant sous forme de constructions tridimensionnelles en treillis, cet élément d'une seule pièce étant constitué par au moins deux poutres transversales (23) et deux poutres longitudinales (1, 2) reliant les poutres transversales (3) à la manière d'un cadre, caractérisé en ce que chaque poutre transversale (3) comporte à chaque extrémité de sa portion principale (4) un prolongement (5, 6) s'étendant verticalement par rapport à la ligne longitudinale médiane de la portion principale (4), le prolongement (5) de l'une des extrémités s'étendant en sens inverse du prolongement (6) de l'autre extrémité, les prolongements respectifs étant d'un seul bloc avec la poutre longitudinale associée (1, 2), et une surface de délimitation supérieure (11) de la poutre longitudinale (2), inférieure en position horizontale de l'élément de construction, étant inclinée en faisant un angle aigu (a) avec la ligne longitudinale médiane de la portion principale (4) de la poutre transversale (3).
2. Elément modulaire selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les prolongements (5, 6) de la portion principale (4) des poutres transversales (3), et les poutres longitudinales (1, 2) sont sensiblement rectangulaires au moins dans la zone des poutres transversales (3) et se rétrécissent légèrement en partant de la portion principale (4) des poutres transversales (3).
3. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une surface de délimitation supérieure (11) de la poutre longitudinale supérieure (1) est inclinée en faisant un angle obtu (f3) avec la portion principale (4) de la poutre transversale (3).
4. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la poutre longitudinale supérieure (1) dépasse vers le haut au dessus des prolongements (5) des portions principales (4) des poutres transversales (3) et est muni dans la zone des poutres transversales (3) d'évidements (12) dont la largeur correspond au moins à la largeur des poutres transversales (3).
5. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que de profil, la droite (18) reliant l'arête supérieure d'une des surfaces de délimitation supérieures (11) inclinées des poutres longitudinales (1, 2) et l'arête intérieure inférieure de la poutre longitudinal correspondante (1, 2) d'un élément modulaire en béton disposé au dessus fait, avec la verticale, un angle (y), qui correspond au plus à l'angle de déversement du matériau de remblai (16).
6. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les portions principales (4) des poutres transversales (3) comportene sur leur côté inférieur et sur leur côté supérieure respectivement au moins une saillie (21) et un évidement (22) de formes complémentaires adaptés pour pénétrer l'un dans l'autre.
7. Elément modulaire selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les évidements (22) et les saillies (21) ont de profil une forme sensiblement trapézoïdale.
8. Elément modulaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par des trous traversants (10) s'étendant verticalement, les trous traversants (10) d'éléments modulaires en béton placés l'un au dessus de l'autre venant en alignement les uns avec les autres.
9. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la plus basse des poutres longitudinales (1, 2) comporte dans la zone de son côte intérieur un élargissement saillant vers le bas (28) sous la forme d'un bandeau (28) délimité par des surfaces sensiblement parallèles, incliné vers le bas et dépassant au dessus des côtés intérieures des poutres longitudinales (1,2).
10. Elément modulaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la surface de délimitation supérieure (29) de la poutre longitudinale (1, 2) et le côté supérieur du bandeau (28) raccordé aux poutres longitudinales (1, 2) sont dans un même plan.
11. Elément modulaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le côté supérieur de l'élargissement (28) est incliné en faisant avec l'horizontale un angle (8) plus petit que l'angle de talus (y).
12. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le côté étroit longitudinal libre de l'élargissement (28) est délimité, en section transversale, par un angle droit ayant un côté vertical (32) et un coté horizontal (33).
13. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que sur le côté supérieur des poùtres transversales (3) sont prévus des évidements (37) s'étendant sur leur largeur et dont le contour correspond au contour de l'élargissement (28) prévu sur la poutre longitudinale inférieure (2) d'un élément modulaire placé au dessus.
14. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les côtés extérieurs des prolongements (5, 6) des portions principales (4) des poutres transversales (3) adjacents aux côtés frontaux des portions principales (4) des poutres transversales (3) constituent chacun une surface frontale plane (34) et que les surfaces frontales (34) et/ou les surfaces extérieures (35) des poutres longitudinales (1, 2) sont inclinées vers l'extérieur à partir de leur arête inférieure au moins sur une partie inférieure de leur hauteur.
15. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que sur le côté inférieur de la portion principale (4) de chaque poutre transversale (3, 3') est formé au moins un pied saillant (51) en dessous de la poutre longitudinale supérieure (1), et que dans la zone de la poutre longitudinale supérieure (1) est formée sur la poutre transversale (3, 3') au moins une surface d'appui adaptée au pied (51).
16. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une surface d'appui (67) inférieure oblique du pied (51) et une surface d'appui (64) supérieure oblique correspondante sur la poutre transversale (3, 3') constituent une butée dans la zone du point de jonction de la poutre longitudinale supérieure (1).
17. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le pied (51) est formé par une réduction de l'intrados de la portion principale de la poutre transversale (3, 3') dans une zone médiane jusqu'à la poutre longitudinale inférieure (2).
18. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit sur la poutre transversale (3, 3') pour l'appui d'un autre élément, notamment dans la zone de la poutre longitudinale antérieure ou inférieure (2), un épaulement (52) ayant des surfaces d'appui (53, 54) adaptées à la configuration de la poutre transversale (3, 3') dans la zone de la poutre longitudinale inférieure (2), avec une surface de butée oblique (54) adaptée à l'élargissement (28) en forme de bandeau de la poutre longitudinale (2) incliné en oblique.
19. Elément modulaire selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de l'épaulement (52) est variable.
20. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit des poutres transversales (3) aux extrémités des poutres longitudinales (1, 2).
21. Elément modulaire selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas où des poutres transversales (3') sont prévues aux deux extrémités des poutres longitudinales (1, 2), ces poutres transversales (3') ont une épaisseur seulement égale à la moitié de celles des autres poutres transversales (3), l'épaisseur des poutres transversales (3') par rapport aux poutres transversales (3) étant dimensionnée de telle sorte que, lorsqu'on applique l'une contre l'autre deux poutres transversales (3') en laissant un jeu pour la dilatation thermique, les dimensions totales des deux poutres transversales (3') et du jeu ne dépassent pas en tout l'épaisseur des poutres transversales (3).
22. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit dans les poutres transversales des perforations (61, 62) pour faire passer des tubes d'irrigation et/ou de drainage.
23. Elément modulaire selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit au moins dans l'angle entre une surface supérieure (53) et une surface de liaison (54) de l'épaulement (52) une perforation (61) sous la forme d'un évidement.
24. Elément modulaire selon la revendication 22 ou la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit directement en dessous de la poutre longitudinale (1) une perforation (62) pour l'irrigation au dessus d'une pente de talus (13) se formant éventuellement.
EP80103602A 1979-09-04 1980-06-25 Elément de construction en béton Expired EP0024500B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT80103602T ATE5665T1 (de) 1979-09-04 1980-06-25 Beton-bauelement.

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DE19792935602 DE2935602A1 (de) 1979-09-04 1979-09-04 Beton-bauelement
DE2935602 1979-09-04

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EP0024500A2 EP0024500A2 (fr) 1981-03-11
EP0024500A3 EP0024500A3 (en) 1981-03-18
EP0024500B1 true EP0024500B1 (fr) 1983-12-21

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AT (1) ATE5665T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE2935602A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3106486C2 (de) * 1981-02-21 1986-07-24 Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München Lärmschutzwand
AT377553B (de) * 1981-07-06 1985-04-10 Differenz Friedrich Dipl Ing Raumgitterkonstruktion
DE8219955U1 (de) * 1982-05-07 1983-02-10 Krüger, Joachim, 8520 Erlangen Bauelement zur herstellung begruenbarer mauern
DE3413479A1 (de) * 1984-04-10 1985-10-17 Geotech Lizenz AG, Ennetbaden Bauelement fuer traggitter-mauern mit schuettfuellung
DE3529319A1 (de) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-26 Niederdreisbacherhuette Gmbh Raumgitter-konstruktion aus betonteilen zur errichtung von bepflanzbaren stuetz- oder laermschutzwaenden
EP1109150A3 (fr) * 1999-12-17 2001-09-05 ISOLITH Leichtbauplattenwerk M. Hattinger Gesellschaft mbH Panneau acoustique
KR100911407B1 (ko) 2009-02-27 2009-08-11 (주)이텍 조립식 식생블록

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2646020A1 (de) * 1975-11-19 1977-05-26 Jaecklin Felix Paul Bauteilsatz zur herstellung von kastenmauern

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1627599A (en) * 1926-08-13 1927-05-10 Elbert H Dresser Concrete cribbing
US4081969A (en) * 1975-10-09 1978-04-04 William Leslie Clarke Wall constructions

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2646020A1 (de) * 1975-11-19 1977-05-26 Jaecklin Felix Paul Bauteilsatz zur herstellung von kastenmauern

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DE2935602A1 (de) 1981-03-19
ATE5665T1 (de) 1984-01-15
EP0024500A3 (en) 1981-03-18
EP0024500A2 (fr) 1981-03-11

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