EP0003055A1 - Door latching means, especially for coke oven doors - Google Patents

Abstract

In locking devices for coke oven doors, two-armed door bolts engage behind the bolt holders on the door frame. By axially adjusting the bolt, the door is pressed against the door frame by means of a spring. By means of a pressure medium acting against the spring, the bolt is moved away from the bolt holder for locking or unlocking. If the spring and pressure medium act in opposite directions against a piston firmly connected to the bolt within a closed housing, this device should be particularly suitable for coke oven operation, simple to manufacture and easy to handle. For this purpose, a straight cylinder sleeve (9) is attached to the door (2) with its base (8) with the interposition of an insulation layer (9) and with a flat cover (10) which is supported by the shaft (19) of the bearing head (21 ) of the bolt (22) is penetrated and has a connection bore (16) for the pressure medium, closes and further the flat piston (13) rests on the cover (10) in the idle state such that the pressure medium except for a small remainder in one or several annular, flat, with the connection bore (16) in connection concentric annular groove (17) between the piston (13) and cover (10) is displaced. The cylindrical spring (11) is preferably guided on its inner edge by a guide sleeve (12) which also serves as a stop for pistons (13). The locking and unlocking is effected by the coke oven machine after establishing a connection of the supply line for the pressure medium with the pressure generator.

Description

The invention relates to a locking device according to the preamble of claim 1.

For locking coke oven doors, in particular, rotary latches in the form of two-armed levers are used, which are rotatably mounted on the door body and, in the locked position, engage behind the latch holders with their free ends, which are usually hook-shaped. This locking device not only has the purpose of holding the coke oven doors in their operating position on the door frame in particular, it also serves to press the door body firmly against the sealing surfaces on the door frame.

The sealing strips which are frequently clamped to the door body, as a rule adjustable, usually have the form of metallic sealing edges (so-called "hammer-type strip"), but can of course also be designed differently. However, the advantage of resilient metallic sealing blades is that they make it possible to compensate for thermally induced warping of the door body and thus to ensure a better seal.

The above-described locking of the door body on the door frame, if it takes place only mechanically, has the disadvantage that extraordinarily high forces have to be applied both during locking and unlocking in order to generate the required high contact pressure. In order to prevent the locking from loosening under the changing temperature effects during operation, very small wedge angles must be used in the area of the locking hooks, which, however, cause extraordinarily high frictional forces during both locking and unlocking and therefore a satisfactory locking and unlocking difficult to tolerate.

In order to remedy this deficiency, numerous proposals are known, which usually result in the axially adjustable design of the bearing head which serves to pivot the bolts. This axially adjustable mounting of the bearing head makes it possible to move the bolts into the locking position with relatively little effort and only then to carry out the actual pressing by corresponding axial adjustment of the bearing head which serves to pivot the bolts. The unlocking procedure is also such that the adjustment of the bearing head first relieves the tension between the bolt and the bolt holder and only then does the bolt turn into the unlocking position.

A known type of this general solution principle is to switch on a spring cylinder between the axially adjustable bearing head for the rotary latch and the door body base, in which the correspondingly preloaded cup ring springs generate the actual contact pressure, and design the bearing head for the rotary bolt so that it can be adjusted axially by means of a threaded spindle to be actuated from the outside in such a way that, in order to facilitate the locking and unlocking process, each time before actuation of the spindle, the plate springs are actuated via the pretension required for operation squeezes out. The resulting relief of the tension state between the bolt ends and the bolt holders enables the bolt to be rotated into the unlocking position with relatively low forces in this position. In the manufacture of the lock, the procedure is analogous in that, by actuating the threaded spindle, the prestressed spring assembly is first pressed together and only then is the bolt displaced into the locking position, before the spring is then relieved of the operationally required pretension by unscrewing the spindle and thereby relieved at the same time, the required state of tension between the bolt and the bolt holder is brought about.

This known solution has led to considerable difficulties in practice, so that it is unsatisfactory as a result.

Apart from the fact that this type of construction is relatively complicated and therefore technically complex, it has proven difficult to anchor the threaded spindle securely on the one hand in the area of the bottom of the spring cylinder in such a way that it is not torn out, and on the other hand, for example, by means of electric rotary drives to be operated quickly and precisely, as it would be desirable in the interest of the least possible loss of time.

These disadvantages are avoided by another known locking device (German patent specification 916 885) in which the axial adjustment of the bearing head which serves to pivot the bolt is effected via a piston-operated, in particular hydraulically actuated, adjustment cylinder.

On the other hand, this principle of solution has the defect that the contact pressure required during operation must be applied by the pressure medium within the adjusting cylinder. In practice it should be difficult, if not impossible, to keep the pressure medium enclosed in the adjusting cylinder at the required, equally high operating pressure during the entire locking time, especially since the cylinder as well as the pressure medium enclosed therein change in temperature during the cooking time of the coke is exposed.

In addition, there is the disadvantage that the adjustment cylinder can be acted on from both sides and the alternate venting of the two cylinder sides when changing the adjustment device of the bearing head is both time-consuming and requires pressure media of different pressure levels.

Finally, a locking device is known (German patent specification 870 992), in which the spring is pressurized for the unlocking or locking process by a liquid or gaseous pressure medium in such a way that a ring-shaped hose made of an elastic material which on one side ^g is supported against the cover of a housing, can be filled with the pressure medium and thereby a pressure plate, with which the axis of the bolt is connected, presses against the spring located on the other side of the pressure plate. At its outer edge, the pressure plate has a clearance in relation to the housing enclosing it and one or two pins serving as stops, which prevent the pressure hose from being completely compressed by the spring. The pressure plate is mounted on the one hand in a central recess of the housing cover and on the other hand by means of a pin of the axis of the rotary bolt connected to it at the door-side end of the housing. This axis has a thread that is screwed through the pressure plate. When turning the bolt that is firmly connected to it, the entire axis also rotates.

On the one hand, this device has the disadvantage that it consists of a large number of individual parts which are difficult to manufacture and, due to the use of an elastic pressure hose, is extremely susceptible to failure in the rough working conditions of a coke oven. On the other hand, it has the disadvantage that a not inconsiderable amount of the pressure medium is constantly present between the pressure plate and the cover of the housing, so that in the event of any leaks a fairly large amount of the mostly liquid pressure medium can leak out or an air cushion can nestle unnoticed in the pressure hose can. It is known that the last effect is particularly disruptive in hydraulic systems, since with the changing temperature conditions, in particular with the usual rise in temperature that occurs on a coke oven door during the coking process, a considerable pressure can form in the pressure hose, which leads to the spring opening the other side of the pressure plate is further pretensioned and thus relieves the bolt, which causes the coke oven door to leak. However, this effect also occurs when the room in which the print medium is located is well ventilated, since any expansion in volume of the print medium has a full effect on the printing plate.

The invention is based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages of the known solutions and of creating a locking device which is both structurally and production-technically simple and therefore inexpensive, and also a simple and quick adjustment of the bearing head before initiation of the transfer or Unlocking process enables and is consequently easy and reliable to use during the coking plant operation.

To achieve this object, the locking device proposed according to the invention is based on the known construction discussed last, but is characterized by features e and f of claim 1.

In this way it is possible to bring about the increase in the pretensioning of the spring, which is only temporarily necessary to facilitate the locking or unlocking process, to a certain extent suddenly by pressurizing the hydraulic cylinder and then to relieve the hydraulic cylinder of the pressure medium again. This brief exposure to the hydraulic cylinder with the pressure medium can in a very simple manner, for. B. in the passage of the furnace machine, from this using quick-release couplings, brought about, expediently simultaneously for both the hydraulic cylinder of the upper and for the hydraulic cylinder of the lower bolt of each coke oven door. The Ent Load of the hydraulic cylinder from the pressure medium takes place to a certain extent automatically through the restoring force of the spring biased during operation.

It is therefore only a single line for the supply and discharge of the pressure medium at each coke oven door, which is provided with the one coupling part of the quick coupling and connects the two hydraulic cylinders assigned to each door in parallel or in series.

Appropriate developments of the invention are characterized in claims 2 to 12 in more detail.

• Fig. 1 die verriegelungsvorrichtung in der betriebsmäßigen Verriegelungsstellung (gleichzeitig Ruhezustand der Verriegelungsvorrichtung);
• Fig. 2 die Verriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in etwas vereinfachter Bauweise in der die Ent- oder Verriegelung einleitenden Stellung mit zusammengepreßtem Federpaket und
• Fig. 3 das Schaltschema für die Betätigung der Hydraulikzylinder jeder Koksofentür von der Ofenmaschine aus.

Two particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

• Figure 1 shows the locking device in the operational locking position (at the same time the locking device is in the idle state);
• Fig. 2 shows the locking device of FIG. 1 in a somewhat simplified design in the position initiating the unlocking or locking with the spring assembly compressed and
• Fig. 3 shows the circuit diagram for the actuation of the hydraulic cylinder of each coke oven door from the oven machine.

In Figures 1 and 2, the door frame with 1 and the door body with 2 are designated.

On the metallic door frame 1 are the laterally projecting attached in a known manner hook-shaped latch holder 3.

The door body 2 is provided on both sides with adjustable metal sealing blades 4, the blades of which are pressed against the sealing surfaces on the door frame 1. The adjustable metallic sealing blades 4 are held by means of clamping screws 5 by friction.

6 with a metallic holding frame is designated, which serves to support the refractory plug protruding into the furnace chambers.

On the outside of the door body 2 facing away from the furnace chamber, with the interposition of insulation material 7, for. B. in the form of asbestos, the bottom 8 of a cylinder sleeve 9 attached, which is closed at the free end of the housing by a screwed on lid 10 with the interposition of sealants.

Arranged within the cylinder housing 8, 9, 10 is a package of annular disc springs 11 which is guided on the inside by a cylindrical guide sleeve 12 welded to the base 8.

Furthermore, a piston 13 is arranged inside the cylinder housing 8, 9, 10 and is guided on its outer edge with the interposition of seals 14 on the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 9. On its underside facing the plate spring assembly 11, the piston 13 is provided with a recess (annular groove) 15, the radial inner edge of which during the adjustment movement of the piston 13 on the outside of the guide sleeve 12 is also performed. The axial depth of this recess (annular groove) 15 is at the same time chosen so large that it limits the axial displacement of the piston 13 by a stop on the upper end face of the guide sleeve 12.

In the cover 10 of this combined hydraulic and spring cylinder, a connection bore 16 is provided for the supply and discharge of the pressure medium, which opens into the gap 18 between the cylinder cover 10 and the piston 13 into a closed, circumferential, concentric, flat annular groove 17 within the cylinder cover and which, when acted upon by the pressure medium, enables the piston 13 to be acted upon uniformly in the idle state, that is to say also when the piston 13 is pressed firmly against the cylinder cover 10 by the prestressed disk spring assembly 11. - Of course, the annular groove 17 can also be located in the piston 13 with respect to the gap space 18 on the opposite side.

It is particularly advantageous because of the smaller overall depth if, as in FIG. 1, the connection bore 16 for the pressure medium emerges from the cover 10 on the circumference thereof.

Both the cylinder cover 10 and the piston 13 are provided with axially centered recesses which in the region of the cylinder cover 10 from the shaft 19 and in the region of the piston 13 from the fastening pin 20 of the bearing head 21 adjoining them with a smaller diameter for the rotary mounting of the two-armed Riegel 22 are interspersed.

On the inside facing the spring assembly 11, the mounting pin 20 of the bearing head 21 is z. B. by a screwed nut 23 rigidly connected to the piston 13 in the adjustment direction, it rests on the side opposite the nut 23 without play against the annular shoulder between the shaft 19 and the pin 20 of the bearing head 21.

It is particularly advantageous if the cylinder sleeve 9 is provided with seals on both end faces and the cover 10 is connected to the base 8 by fastening means 33. - As a result, the warping which otherwise occurs almost inevitably when welding the cylinder sleeve 9 on the base 8 can be avoided by thermal stresses.

It is also particularly favorable to use a bearing sleeve 34 with which the central recess in the cover 10 is bulged out on the bolt side and - in order to avoid a too deep construction depth - bearing head 21 has an annular groove 35 for receiving this bearing sleeve.

It has also proven to be particularly advantageous to provide the sealing surfaces on the piston 13 and / or the recess in the cover 10 or bearing sleeve 34 with double annular grooves and, on the one hand, with a sliding ring 36 which, for. B. can consist of plastic, and on the other hand are provided with the sealing element 14 necessary in any case.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the adjustment path of the piston 13 when the pressure medium is applied can also be limited by the end face of the bearing head 21 on the door side in that in this case it comes to sit on the cover 10, which presupposes that the distance 37 between these two Areas in the idle state are smaller or the same size as the free depth of the annular groove 15 of the piston 13 above the guide sleeve 12. Then, however, it is also expedient for the corresponding free depth of the annular groove 35 of the bearing head 21 via the bearing sleeve 34 to be the same size or larger than the latter Select distance to avoid excessive pressure load on the bearing sleeve 34.

The features of claim 8 result in a particularly advantageous, uniform pressing of the bolt 22 against the bolt holder 3 and its rotation around the bearing head 21 is facilitated.

A central recess 41 in the end cap 40 of the bearing head 21 reduces its weight and is particularly suitable as an engagement for a known pressure bolt, which can be supported in the event of a defect in the locking device on the door frame or on the coke oven machine and by external pressure relieving pressure Latch 21 to initiate the locking or unlocking.

It has proven to be particularly favorable if the spring 11 in the two extreme positions of the piston 13 has the pretensions mentioned in claim 10.

1 shows the locking state in which the plate spring assembly 11 has the pretension required for the operational locking state, FIG. 2 illustrates the state before the locking or unlocking was initiated, in which the gap space 18 of the hydraulic cylinder is pressurized with the pressure medium and Piston 13 to the plate spring assembly 11 has pressed together, the displacement of the piston 13 being limited by the stop on the free end face of the guide sleeve 12.

From Fig. 3 it can be seen that the two hydraulic cylinders 9 and 9a for the lower and upper latch of a coke oven door are connected in parallel through line 24 and are thus connected to a common line 25, the end of which part 26a one with a check valve Quick release coupling forms.

The associated other part 26 b of the quick-release coupling forms the associated end of a line 27 which leads to the oven machine.

An adjustable throttle valve 28 is switched on in line 27 for the supply and discharge of the pressure medium, from which line 27 leads to an electromagnetically actuated three-way valve 29. At this three-way valve 29 on the other hand, a pressure and return line 30 and 31 are connected, which are connected within the furnace machine to a pressure generator or pressure accumulator and to the return tank. With 32 a pressure compensation or regulating member is designated, which automatically for compliance with the required pressure of the pressure medium, for. B. in the amount of 27 bar.

Although the locking device according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for coke oven doors, it is in principle also suitable for any other application in which a closure element of a room or container exposed to strong temperature fluctuations is firmly pressed with reasonable effort and time and often has to be released again.

• 1. Door frame
• 2. Door body
• 3. Bar holder
• 4. Sealing cutter
• 5. Clamping screws
• 6. Holding frame
• 7. Insulation material
• 8. Floor
• 9. Cylinder sleeve
• 10. Lid
• 11. Disc springs
• 12. Guide sleeve
• 13. Piston
• 14. Seals
• 15. Ring groove
• 16. Connection hole
• 17. Ring groove
• 18. Gap room
• 19. Shank
• 20.Fixing pin
• 21. Bearing head
• 22.bar
• 23.Mother
• 24. Management
• 25th line
• 26. Quick release
• Leadership
• 28. Throttle valve
• 29. Three-way valve
• 30. Management
• 31. Management
• 32. Pressure regulator
• 33. Fasteners
• 34. bearing sleeve
• 35. Ring groove
• 36. Slide ring
• 37.Distance
• 38.Bulb
• 39. pressure ring
• 40. End plug
• 41. recess

Claims (12)

1. Locking device, in particular for coke oven doors, in which a. a latch that rotates parallel to the door plane and can be displaced in the direction of the axis of rotation, preferably two-armed, engages behind the latch holder on the door frame in the closed position, b. a spring acting between the door and the axis of rotation of the bolt pushes the bolt away from the door in the idle state, c. by means of a pressure medium acting against the spring, the bolt and its axis of rotation are each displaced in the direction of the door for locking or unlocking and e. the spring and the pressure medium are arranged in a closed housing fastened to the door in such a way that they are separated by the piston, which is designed as a piston and is connected to this end in a pressure-resistant and tensile manner, of the axis of rotation inserted into and held by the housing, and in opposite directions act, the spring on the door side and the pressure medium are arranged on the transom side,
characterized in that e. the housing consists of a straight cylinder sleeve (9), one on the end face of the door with the door (2), with the interposition of an insulation layer (7), firmly connected base (8) and a flat cover (10) with a central recess for sealing of the shaft (19) of the bearing head (21) designed as an axis of rotation and with a connecting bore (16) for the supply and discharge of the pressure medium, and f. the flat piston (13) rests on the cover (10) in the idle state in such a way that the pressure medium between them except for a small remainder, which is in one or more annular, flat, concentric annular grooves (16) connected to the connection bore (16) 17) remains between the piston (13) and the cover (10), displaced and expelled from the housing. 2. Locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that inside the cylinder sleeve (9) has a central, bottom-welded cylindrical guide sleeve (12) on its outside the spring in the door-side area and the piston (13) on the outer edge of the spring-side recess (15) leads in the region of its free end, the end face of the recess (15) on the one hand and the free edge of the guide sleeve (12) on the other hand simultaneously forming an insertion limitation of the piston (13) when the pressure medium is applied. 3. Locking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cylinder sleeve (9) is provided on both end faces with seals and cover (10) with bottom (8) are connected by fastening means (33). 4. Locking device according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the connection bore (16) for the pressure medium on the circumference of the cover (10) emerges from this. 5. Locking device according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the cover (10) is bulged at the bolt-side end of its central recess with a bearing sleeve (34) and this protrudes into the annular groove (35) of the bearing head (21). 6. Locking device according to one or more of claims 1-5, characterized in that the piston (13) on its outer and / or the central recess of the cover (10) and / or the bearing sleeve (34) on their inner circumference each have a groove with slide ring (36) and another groove with sealing element (14). 7. Locking device according to claims 1 or 5, characterized in that in the idle state the free distance (37) between the door-side end face of the bearing head (21) and the bolt-side end face of the cover (10) of the same size or smaller and / or the free depth of the Annular groove (35) of the bearing head (21) over the bearing sleeve (34) is the same size or greater than the free depth of the annular groove (15) of the Piston (13) over the guide sleeve (12). 8. Locking device according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the bearing head (21) has an annular pressure ring (39) and at least one annular support bead (38) for bolts (22) on its outer cylindrical surface. 9. Locking device according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the end plug (40) of the bearing head (21) has a central recess (41). 10. Locking device according to one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the spring (11) in the two extreme positions of the piston (13) has a bias of 60 000 - 90 000 N or 100 000 - 170 000 N. 11. Locking device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the connecting bores (16) of the hydraulic cylinder of the locking device of each coke oven door are connected in parallel and together to a known quick-release coupling with check valve (26a) for the application of or for the discharge of the pressure medium via a corresponding, esp special attached to the oven machine, device is connected. 12. Locking device according to claim 11, characterized in that between the furnace end (26b) of the quick-release coupling and the pressure (30) and return lines (31) installed inside the furnace machine, an electromagnetically operated three-way valve (29) for the shut-off and the optional connection the pressure (30) or return line (31) is switched on and an adjustable throttle valve (28) into the line (27) going from the three-way valve (29) to the quick-release coupling (26b) and into the pressure (30) and return lines (31 is turned on), a pressure of the medium constant retaining pressure equalization or -re ^g ulierorgan (32).

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