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EP0088836B1 - Tournevis électrique - Google Patents

Tournevis électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0088836B1
EP0088836B1 EP82301241A EP82301241A EP0088836B1 EP 0088836 B1 EP0088836 B1 EP 0088836B1 EP 82301241 A EP82301241 A EP 82301241A EP 82301241 A EP82301241 A EP 82301241A EP 0088836 B1 EP0088836 B1 EP 0088836B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
driver
gear
steel ball
screw
electrically driven
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82301241A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0088836A1 (fr
Inventor
Katsuyuki Totsu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE8282301241T priority Critical patent/DE3273401D1/de
Priority to AT82301241T priority patent/ATE22406T1/de
Priority to EP82301241A priority patent/EP0088836B1/fr
Publication of EP0088836A1 publication Critical patent/EP0088836A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0088836B1 publication Critical patent/EP0088836B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/141—Mechanical overload release couplings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B25B21/004—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose of the ratchet type

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrically driven screw-driver and more particularly to an electrically driven screw-driver which is very compact in size and convenient in portability and in which only a prefastening, or screwing step may be carried out by the mechanical force of an electric motor while a finishing step may be performed manually.
  • Electrically driven screw-drivers may mostly be classified into two types, namely one which is directly connected to a commercial current source (100V) and the other in which a current is supplied to a motor after reduction of its voltage with a transformer. In either case, a connection cord is indispensible for connecting the motor to the electric power source.
  • These screw-drivers may utilize a higher electric output but may be operated portably in only the range of an extensible cord length.
  • these types of electrically driven screw-drivers may be essentially used for an assembling process in a factory.
  • Another type of electrically driven screw- driver which is of a charging type including a battery-replacement type.
  • This type of screw- driver has a disadvantage of a lower output but has an advantage of portability due to the absence of a connecting cord.
  • the conventional charging type of the screw-driver requires a possibly highest output of a motor and therefore a charging unit of a large capacity, resulting in a big and inconvenient appliance.
  • there have been no screw-driver of a charging type which are small enough to be portable in a pocket, convenient in handling and resistant to a severe operational condition.
  • the portable screw-driver must be sized and designed for balancing a necessary operational capacity and a sufficient electric power to provide a corresponding output (or a battery size).
  • the inventor has studied for eliminating the disadvantages of the conventional charging type of portable screw- driver in the prior art and for developing a very compact, light but convenient electrically driven screw-driver, and has now found out after strict analysis of an operational procedure of the electrically driven screw-driver (hereinafter referred to merely a "screw-driver" for simplification) that a screw may be fastened into an object, which has already been threaded for receiving the screw, almost without load for about 90% of the fastening procedure and that only a finishing step of about 10% requires an instantaneously strong fastening force.
  • a so-called tapping screw which is screwed into an object without a threaded hole, may be gradually moved into the object against a considerable resistance while simultaneously making a thread.
  • most of the working amount is directed to the tapping step and a relatively small working amount is directed to a finishing step requiring a strong fastening force.
  • the single fastening procedure has two steps as described hereinabove, it has been found out that about 90% of the total working amount required in the prefastening or screwing step is advantageously performed mechanically, while the remaining 10% in the finishing step of the strong fastening may well be performed manually without a mechanical force.
  • an extent of output to be required in the tapping work as described hereinabove may be sufficiently supplied from a charging battery of a relatively small capacity by combination of a small motor and a suitable reduction system.
  • the finsihing step requires much more fastening force, resulting in a big appliance with a higher power source if the fastening force is supplied electrically and mechanically.
  • the conventional portable screw- driver has always utilized a mechanical and electrical force for performing the whole procedure or two steps of operation as described hereinbefore, thus never producing a very compact and light screw-driver which is portable in a pocket.
  • the driver bit it is absolutely necessary for the driver bit to be automatically discontinued on the spot for its rotation upon reaching the predetermined fastening torque (or the predetermined opposite resistance), in order to terminate the screwing step on the optimum timing.
  • the opposite resistance may be varied depending on materials to be fastened such as steel, wood or plastics, it will be appreciated that the fastening torque is difficult to be controlled on the optimum value for automatic discontinuation.
  • the first problem may be solved by providing a ratchet mechanism (capable of transmitting a rotation in only the unidirection but preventing the same in the other direction) at a portion of a chuck having a removable driver bit. Further, it has been confirmed that the ratchet mechanism is conveniently provided with a switching means for preventing the transmission of rotation power in the opposite direction upon either of the forward or reverse rotation of the screw-driver.
  • a torque controlling system having a clutch mechanism at a so-called planetary reduction system which comprises planetary gears operatively connected to a pinion gear, which in turn is connected to an output shaft of an electric motor, and an internal gear meshing with the planetary gears.
  • An electrically driven screw-driver comprising a torque controlling system having a clutch mechanism and planetary reduction system is disclosed in French Patent Application No. FR-A-2 396 626 in which no ratchet mechanism is provided.
  • a general purpose of the invention is to provide an electrically driven screw-driver which is useful in a general fastening operation and is very compact and light, as well as portable in a pocket.
  • only the prefastening or screwing step occupying most of the total fastening procedure is carried out mechanically and electrically, while the finishing step requiring strong fastening force is performed manually.
  • an electrically driven screw-driver comprising a chucking shaft to which a driver bit is detachably connected, said chucking shaft being connected to the output shaft of an electric motor through a planetary reduction system, said planetary reduction system comprising a plurality of planetary gears each capable of self rotating and revolving around a pinion gear of a power transmission connected to the output shaft of the electric motor, and having an internal ring gear coacting with the planetary gears and providing an orbit for their revolution, a cylindrical casing for rotatably receiving the internal gear and a torque controlling mechanism having a clutch function mounted between said casing and the planetary reduction system, said torque controlling mechanism comprising a steel ball contacting the internal gear and means for urging the steel ball against the internal gear with a predetermined pressure, characterised in that the chucking shaft comprises a ratchet device mounted to a portion thereof, the steel ball contacts an outer circumferential surface of the internal gear, the casing has a hole in the cylindrical wall thereof which receive
  • the ratchet device may comprise a ratchet gear provided at a shaft portion of a chuck, a pair of pawls oppositely arranged for holding the ratchet gear therebetween, and an operating ring for engaging and disengaging either one of said pawls with the ratchet gear through its circumferential rotation and selective pressing of the pair of pawls.
  • the planetary reduction system may comprise planetary gears capable of self-rotating and revolving round through a power transmitted from a pinion gear connected to the output shaft of the electric motor, an internal gear meshing with the planetary gears and providing an orbit for their revolution, and cylindrical casing for rotatably receiving the internal gear.
  • the cylindrical casing is at its end provided with a recess for receiving a reversible switch for the electric motor, operation of said reversible switch being associated with engaging and disengaging operations of the pawls with the ratchet gear through the operational ring of the ratchet device.
  • the cylindrical casing is provided with a hole for receiving a steel ball while the internal gear at its circumference is provided with a notch located oppositely to the hole of the cylindrical casing and further a pressing means is provided for seating the steel ball in the hole onto the notch with a predetermined pressure.
  • the pressing means may comprise a plate spring engaging at its end with the cylindrical casing, and a sliding element which slides on the plate spring to adjust steplessly the pressure of the plate spring on the steel ball.
  • a cylindrical element having a flange is fitted into the cylindrical casing, said flange of the cylindrical element being provided with a hole for receiving the steel ball and further the internal gear at its one side is provided with a flange oppositely to the hole of the cylindrical element, said flange of the internal gear being provided with a radially extending protrusion.
  • a pressing means is arranged for urging the steel ball in the hole of the cylindrical element against the flange of the internal gear with a predetermined pressure.
  • the pressing means may comprise a pressing ring fitted into the cylindrical element, a coil spring inserted between the pressing ring and the electric motor, and pressing element for axially urging the electric motor against the force of the coil spring.
  • the pinion gear connected to the output shaft of the electric motor is supported elastically in the axial direction.
  • a numeral reference 10 represents an electrically driven screw-driver (hereinafter referred to merely a "screw driver” for simplification), an outer casing 12 of which is shaped in the pistol form as a whole.
  • a chargeable battery 16 which may be put thereinto from the bottom.
  • the chargeable battery 16 is connected electrically through a reversible switch 20 to a motor 18 accommodated in a body portion of the outer casing. Further, a connection of the chargeable battery 16 to a plug of a charging appliance (not shown) introduced into a commercial electric source allows repeated chargings.
  • the planetary reduction system 22 comprises essentially an internal gear 24 of a ring element which is provided on its inner surface with a gear and planetary gears 26 coacting with the inner surface of the internal gear 24 for self-rotating while revolving round.
  • Three planetary gears 26 may be provided, each of which is mounted to a shaft 30 arranged at an apex of regular triangle which is imaginatively drawn on a disc 28.
  • the disc 28 at its center is provided fixedly with an axially extending output shaft 32.
  • Each of the three planetary gears 26 coacts with a pinion gear 36 which is in turn fixed to a rotating shaft 34 of the motor 18.
  • the output shaft 32 is rotatably inserted into and supported by a plain bearing 40 which is fixed near a bottom center of a cylindrical casing 38 encircling the planetary reduction system 22.
  • a plain bearing 40 which is fixed near a bottom center of a cylindrical casing 38 encircling the planetary reduction system 22.
  • the rotation power is transmitted through the pinion gear 36, the planetary gears 26 and the disc 28 to the output shaft 32.
  • the system may work well as a reduction device.
  • the internal gear 24 is somewhat smaller in its outer diameter than an inner diameter of the casing 38 and is rotatably received therein. Further, the internal gear 24 is provided at its outer circumference with at least one notch 42 while the cylindrical casing 38 is provided at its corresponding position to the notch 42 with a hole 44 in order to fix the internal gear 24 to the cylindrical casing 38.
  • a steel ball 46 of a predetermined diameter as shown in Figure 2, which ball is elastically supported by a plate spring 48 arranged in parallel to the cylindrical casing 38 for preventing the removal of the steel ball 46 from the hole 44.
  • a slider 50 is arranged in slidable contact with the upper surface of the plate spring 48.
  • the slider 50 may be smoothly guided in the axial direction by a sliding groove (not shown) for preventing the same from slipping out of the outer casing 12. It will be appreciated from Fig. 2 that when the slider 50 is moved axially toward the right the plate spring 48 urges the steel ball 46 more strongly into the notch 42, whereas the movement of the slider 50 toward the left may release the pressure gradually and steplessly.
  • ratchet device connected to the output shaft 32 of the reducer will now be described in detail with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4.
  • the output shaft 32 is provided with a well-known quick-chuck 54 for convenient mounting and removal of the driver bit 52.
  • a sleeve portion, where the quick-chuck 54 is put onto the output shaft 32, is provided at its end with a ratchet gear 56, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the ratchet gear 56 supports a pair of pawls 58 of triangular plate pieces, each of which swings on a shaft 60 in the axially outward direction.
  • the ratchet gear 56 is held between the pair of pawls 58, 58, their sharp edges of which mesh with the former.
  • pawl-pressing lever 64 of an arc shape is arranged circumferentially and slidably over a predetermined angle, while the outer casing 12 is provided with a turnable cylindrical cap 66 of a pot type into which the lever 64 is received.
  • the pressing lever 64 is determined in such a size that the top end thereof may contact either one of the pawls 58 in the extreme limit of its turning angle and urge the contacted pawl 58 swingably toward the opposite direction relative to the arrows A and B against the elastic force applied by the wire spring 62, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • a suitable click stop mechanism may be provided for ensuring reliable stoppage of the cap 66 at each position for forward, fixed or reverse rotation.
  • the anticlockwise sliding movement of the lever 64 urges the pawl 58 (the left side in Fig. 4) swingably in the anticlockwise direction, thereby disengaging the sharp edge of the pawl 58 from the ratchet gear 56.
  • the ratchet gear 56 is turned clockwise, then the other pawl 58 (the right side in Fig. 4) swings anticlockwise against the elastic force applied by the wire spring 62 and is disengaged from one tooth of the ratchet gear 56, thereby allowing one tooth of the ratchet gear to move clockwise and unidirectionally. Then, the pawl 58 is engaged with the next tooth under the elastic action of the wire spring 62.
  • the ratchet mechanism is set to a forward turning position and the slider 50 is adjusted to give a suitable pressure on the steel ball, thus starting a fastening operation.
  • resistance to the fastening increases gradually to reach the predetermined value of the torque.
  • the load due to the resistance from the driver bit 52 is transmitted successively through the output shaft 32, the disc 28, the planetary gears 26, the internal gear 24 and the steel ball 46 to the cylindrical casing 38. If the load exceeds the radial pressure on the steel ball 46 applied by the plate spring 48, the ball 46 is forcibly removed from the notch 42, thereby releasing the fixation of the internal gear 24 relative to the cylindrical casing 38.
  • the finishing step of fastening is completed by turning the gripping part 14 manually, because the driver bit 52 is operatively associated with the ratchet mechanism in the forward direction.
  • the turning angle of the gripping part 14 is in the order of 30°, but the ratchet mechanism allows the fastening step of any angle to be completed by the repeated movement of the gripping part while keeping the driver bit 52 fitted into a slot or screw.
  • strongly fastened screw may be unfastened manually at first by changing the turning direction of the ratchet mechanism and then withdrawn mechanically by the electric motor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Tournevis électrique comportant un arbre de serrage (32), auquel un outil de tournevis (52) est raccordé de façon détachable, ledit arbre de serrage (32) étant raccordé à l'arbre de sortie (34) d'un moteur électrique (18) par l'intermédiaire d'un système de réduction planétaire (22), ledit système de réduction planétaire (22) comprenant une pluralité de pignons planétaires (26) dont chacun est capable de tourner sur lui-même et tourne autour d'un pignon (36) d'une transmission de puissance raccordée à l'arbre de sortie (34) du moteur électrique (18), et comportant une couronne à denture intérieure (24) coopérant avec les pignons planétaires (26) et fournissant une orbite pour la révolution de ces pignons, un carter cylindrique (38) servant à recevoir, de manière qu'elle puisse tourner, la roue à denture intérieure (24) et un mécanisme de commande du couple ayant une fonction d'embrayage et monté entre ledit carter (38) et le système de réduction planétaire (22), ledit mécanisme de commande du couple comprenant une bille d'acier (46) contactant la roue à denture intérieure (24) et des moyens pour repousser, avec une pression pré-. déterminée, la bille d'acier (46) contre la roue à denture intérieure (24), caractérisé en ce que l'arbre de serrage comporte un dispositif à cliquets monté sur une partie dudit arbre, la bille d'acier (46) contacte une surface circonférentielle de la roue à denture intérieure (24), le carter (38) comporte un trou (44) ménagé dans sa paroi cylindrique qui reçoit la bille d'acier (46), la surface circonférentielle extérieure de la roue à denture intérieure (24) comporte une encoche (42) qui est alignée avec le trou (44), et les moyens de poussée comprenant un ressort-lame (48) agissant sur la bille d'acier (46).
2. Tournevis électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif à cliquets comprend une roue à rochet prévue sur l'arbre d'embrayage, deux cliquets (58, 58) disposés de manière à maintenir la roue à rochet (56) entre eux, et une bague d'actionnement (66) servant à engager l'un desdits cliquets (58, 58) dans la roue à rochet (56), et à le dégager de cette roue à rochet, par l'intermédiaire de sa rotation circonférentielle et de la pression sélective dudit couple de cliquets (58, 58).
3. Tournevis électrique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de poussée comprennent ledit ressort-lame (48), dont l'extrémité contacte le carter cylindrique (38), et un organe coulissant (50), qui glisse sur le ressort-lame (48) de manière à régler progressivement la pression exercée par le ressort-lame (48) sur la bille d'acier (46).
EP82301241A 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Tournevis électrique Expired EP0088836B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8282301241T DE3273401D1 (en) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 An electrically driven screw-driver
AT82301241T ATE22406T1 (de) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Elektrisch betaetigter schraubenzieher.
EP82301241A EP0088836B1 (fr) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Tournevis électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP82301241A EP0088836B1 (fr) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Tournevis électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0088836A1 EP0088836A1 (fr) 1983-09-21
EP0088836B1 true EP0088836B1 (fr) 1986-09-24

Family

ID=8189602

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82301241A Expired EP0088836B1 (fr) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Tournevis électrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0088836B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE22406T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3273401D1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6273200B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2001-08-14 Black & Decker Inc. Screwdriver with manuel spindel lock
CN110576405A (zh) * 2019-08-15 2019-12-17 陈慧 一种装配用螺丝钉枪

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2145359A (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-03-27 Holland Letz Felo Werkzeug Manual screw-driving tool
FR2589097B1 (fr) * 1985-10-24 1989-08-04 Black & Decker Inc Tournevis motorise
FR2598110B2 (fr) * 1985-10-24 1989-11-03 Black & Decker Inc Tournevis motorise perfectionne
DE3718804A1 (de) * 1987-06-05 1988-12-15 Gardner Denver Gmbh Schrauber
DE4128651A1 (de) * 1991-08-29 1993-03-04 Gardena Kress & Kastner Gmbh Elektroschrauber
GB2343855B (en) * 1998-11-23 2000-10-04 Ching Chou Lin Gear transmission cartridge
FR2794047A1 (fr) * 1999-05-25 2000-12-01 Alexander James Cameron Dunbar Tournevis actionne avec un systeme automatique de chargement pour des vis ou des boulons
DE10356006A1 (de) * 2003-11-27 2005-06-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Handbohrschraubmaschine
ES2732189T3 (es) 2014-10-08 2019-11-21 Medartis Holding Ag Máquina-herramienta eléctrica, en particular destornillador eléctrico para el uso en la cirugía

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2179724A (en) * 1937-11-03 1939-11-14 Independent Pueumatic Tool Co Nut or screw setting attachment for electric tools
DE1078958B (de) * 1958-04-24 1960-03-31 Hanns Fickert Elektroschraubenzieher
US3491616A (en) * 1968-07-01 1970-01-27 Jean Paul Albert Electric ratchet wrench
DE2513648C2 (de) * 1975-03-27 1982-03-11 Felo-Werkzeugfabrik Friedrich W. Holland-Letz Kg, 3577 Neustadt Ratschen-Schraubendreher
US4078589A (en) * 1976-05-10 1978-03-14 Miller Walter L Battery driven screwdriver
DE2829291C2 (de) * 1977-07-07 1982-12-16 Katsuyuki Tokyo Totsu Drehmomentbegrenzungseinrichtung an einem motorbetriebenen Werkzeug, insbesondere Drehschrauber
CH640452A5 (de) * 1979-09-17 1984-01-13 Bernard Lecureux Schraubenzieher.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6273200B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2001-08-14 Black & Decker Inc. Screwdriver with manuel spindel lock
CN110576405A (zh) * 2019-08-15 2019-12-17 陈慧 一种装配用螺丝钉枪
CN110576405B (zh) * 2019-08-15 2020-12-08 江西万上实业有限公司 一种装配用螺丝钉枪

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE22406T1 (de) 1986-10-15
DE3273401D1 (en) 1986-10-30
EP0088836A1 (fr) 1983-09-21

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