EP0067892A1 - Device for the emission of light and other radiations - Google Patents

Abstract

In the device with a radiation generator (2) and a concave, one- dimensionally curved reflector (1), the reflector has the shape of a spiral (3) at least in a preponderant part of its cross-section. It surrounds the radiation generator (2) by more than 360 DEG . The inner end section (4) has a clearance from the zero axis (5), and the outer end section (7) overlaps the inner end section (4) to such an extent that only reflected radiation emerges from the reflector. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a device for emitting light and similar radiation such as UV radiation, with a radiation generator and a concave, one-dimensionally curved reflector.

In known devices of this type designed as luminaires, a radiation generator in the form of a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp is arranged in a trough-shaped reflector, which ensures that parts of the radiation emerging from the rear of the lamp are also used. Here, however, the radiation source is visible to the viewer's eye. This leads to glare problems, the greater the higher the radiation intensity of the radiation generator and which can also be solved with the aid of upstream anti-glare grids, anti-glare glass panes and the like. Only partially remedy the like.

The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type described in the introduction, with which glare and similar problems can be reduced considerably.

This object is achieved in that the reflector has at least in the majority of its cross section the shape of a spiral and the Radiation generator encloses by more than 360 °, the inner end section of the reflector being at a distance from the zero axis and the outer end section overlapping the inner end section to such an extent that only reflected radiation emerges from the reflector.

With this construction, the radiation generator is completely enclosed by the reflector and can therefore no longer be seen from the outside. Nevertheless, because of the spiral shape of the reflector, the entire radiation of the radiation generator after one or more reflections is directed outwards through the outlet opening which is formed between the outer end section and the rest of the reflector. In the case of a luminaire, the luminance, which is already smaller in the inner end section than on the surface of the radiation generator, continues to decrease with increasing radius of the spiral, so that the reflector surface visible through the outlet opening has a considerably reduced luminance. As a rule, the viewer can therefore look into the outlet opening without being blinded. It is also possible to use radiation generators with a high luminance or radiant power which has hitherto been achieved for luminaires without the luminance on the output side; usual size. The same applies to the radiation distribution in a UV radiation device. Since rays emerging from the radiation generator at an angle to the cross-sectional plane are also reflected in the manner described, there is also a distribution of the exit radiation in the direction of the zero axis. It is therefore possible to use radiation sources which are short with respect to the reflector length and which nevertheless emit radiation over the entire outlet opening. In the case of multiple reflection in a conventional reflector, for example made of aluminum sheet, heat radiation is absorbed to a considerable extent. The often inevitable heat radiation has therefore after leaving the outlet opening a considerably reduced strength. Another advantage is that the radiation generator is safely protected against contact, so it can also take on very high temperatures. In addition, there is no risk of glass fragments being thrown into the room in the event of an explosion of the radiation generator.

The spiral preferably has a constant angle of inclination with respect to radial lines starting from the zero axis, and is therefore an Archimedean spiral. This results in a high uniformity of the radiation intensity in the illuminated field.

The angle of inclination should not exceed 79 °. It is then ensured that the envelope curve of the once reflected rays runs radially outside the inner end section and that some of the rays are not returned to the inner part of the reflector.

On the other hand, the angle of inclination should be at least 70 ° so that the reflector does not become too large.

In a preferred embodiment, the angle of inclination is approximately 77.5 °.

The angle of overlap between the inner and outer end section depends on the particular circumstances. It is advantageously 30 ° to 60 °. On the one hand, this allows adequate coverage of the radiation generator, but on the other hand keeps the number of reflections required small. ; i

Luminaires are usually arranged with the beam exit opening facing downwards. It is known that an observer's eye is not dazzled when the horizontal component of the emerging rays is small. Therefore, should the output-side luminance be too high due to the use of very strong radiation generators; can be assigned to the outlet opening in a known manner anti-glare slats and / or an anti-glare glass pane, for example made of prism glass. A further possibility is that the overlap angle is selected to be large between inner and outer end portion, that the emerging radiation is emitted in an angular range of a maximum of 110 ^0, preferably 90 ° or less.

It is particularly advantageous if the outer end section ends in a flat piece tangentially adjoining the spiral, which is preferably flat. The rays reflected here are directed so that they scatter less strongly and there is a concentration of the beam.

Reflective side walls are advantageously provided on the end faces of the reflector. In this way, rays that have a large component in the direction of the zero axis are also used, since they re; be inflected.

It is advantageous here if the reflecting side walls have an inclination with respect to the cross-sectional plane of the reflector. The rays reflected here have a reinforced component in the cross-sectional plane, so that they scatter less when they exit. In the simplest case, the side walls have flat surfaces. But they can also be formed by spherical sections. In particular, the reflector can be of a spherical housing be enclosed, which forms the reflective side walls.

Due to the presence of the spiral reflector, essentially point-shaped radiation sources can even be used. These include numerous high-pressure burners and, above all, short-arc lamps. Such radiation sources make it possible to generate an extraordinarily high luminous flux with a comparatively low output. However, the total radiation power is generated in a relatively small area with an extremely high radiation density. The spiral reflector both reduces the density of the emerging radiation to an acceptable level and distributes the radiation over a rectangular exit opening.

A high-pressure burner in the form of a metal halide burner is particularly recommended, since it generates radiation in the entire visible range, which results in high authenticity in the color rendering, and can also be designed so that it can emit UVA radiation. When using a short arc lamp, a tin halide short arc lamp with tin-doped sodium vapor is recommended. This also achieves an even spectral radiation distribution with an almost sun-like spectrum.

In a further embodiment, the radiation generator can have at least two radiation sources with different spectral distributions offset with respect to one another in the direction of the zero axis. Here the property of the reflector to distribute radiation in the direction of the zero axis is used to mix the radiation of at least two radiation sources. In this way, a spectral distribution can be achieved that would not be possible with a radiation source alone.

For example, the radiation sources can include a high pressure burner and an incandescent lamp. The two radiation sources complement each other because the blue spectral range is more pronounced in the high-pressure burner and the yellow-red spectral range is more pronounced in the incandescent lamp.

Another possibility is that the radiation sources comprise two identical short-arc lamps, which have a _blue-b etontes and a rotbetontes spectrum caused by different doping of the vapor. For example, it can be prepared by different doping of sodium vapor with tin to change the color temperature of about 5200 ° K to 3000 ° K, thereby _ere shift the long-wave spectrum into _l ig.

The use of two radiation sources is also interesting if a lamp with start-up behavior and an incandescent lamp are used. The light bulb gives sufficient light immediately after switching on. After the start-up time, e.g. 1 to 4 minutes, then the complete spectrum and the total radiation power are available; addition.

If a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp is used as the radiation generator, its axis should run approximately along the zero axis. Here too, much stronger fluorescent lamps than usual can be used, for example a three-band fluorescent lamp emitting sun-like light.

The radiation generator emits UVA radiation with particular advantage and a filter which essentially filters out UVB and UVC radiation is provided. This can be formed by the glass envelope of the radiation source or can also be provided. If additional UVA radiation generated to visible light, there is an even more accurate replica of natural sunlight, which causes corresponding biochemical and endocrine reactions (e.g. improves vision, reactivates rhodopsin, controls nerve tone, activates glandular activity and stimulates skin metabolism), but with harmful effects ( Sunburn, keratitis, conjunctivitis) can be avoided. If pronounced radiation is generated in the UVA range, there is a cosmetic radiation device for quick tanning or a medical radiation device for the treatment of skin diseases, such as psoriasis. Here, the user can be placed near the outlet opening, where there is a high UVA radiation intensity, because heat radiation is absorbed to a great extent by the reflector.

In order to achieve this particularly well, the outlet opening can point downward and the reflector can be connected to a device for lowering up to a bed.

It is favorable if the radiation generator has a continuous spectrum between 320 nm and 760 nm. This corresponds to the optimal replica of natural sunlight. It does not matter whether only one radiation source is used or whether two or more radiation sources are involved.

Agents for changing the spectral composition of the radiation emitted are of particular value. In this way, the radiation can not only be adapted to individual needs. Rather, the spectrum and possibly also the illuminance can be changed according to the daily rhythm.

For example, we recommend a filter that works in the UVA and blue light range and that can be moved into and out of the beam path. This can take into account the fact that the human body is used to receiving less UVA and blue light radiation after sunset.

If more than one radiation source is used, it is also possible to switch on the radiation sources individually or together using switches.

It is particularly recommended to use at least two dimmers, each of which is assigned to a radiation source. You can then not only change the brightness of the associated radiation sources in a stepless manner, but also the spectral colors of the total radiation emitted.

A support is advantageous which carries a holder for a radiation source, is detachably connected to the reflector and covers an opening, the cross section of which is larger than that of the holder or the radiation source. This enables the radiation source to be installed and removed in a simple manner, but nevertheless to keep the interior of the reflector closed.

Here, the carrier can form an end wall. In another alternative, the opening is provided in the middle of the spiral surface of the reflector. Here, it can be designed as a reflector on the inside.

Another possibility of providing access to the radiation generator is that a part of the reflector which is adjacent to the radiation generator is designed as a flap which can be pivoted with respect to the rest of the reflector or is removably attached to the rest of the reflector.

A particularly economical embodiment has a spiral sheet metal housing, the inner surface of which forms the reflector. The reflector and housing are therefore identical. The structural dimensions are small.

Small dimensions can also be achieved if the reflector is surrounded by a cuboid-shaped housing which tightly surrounds the reflector and in one of its largest area is the beam exit opening of the reflector.

A ballast can, for example, be accommodated between a side wall of the reflector and an outer end wall. As a result, the overall dimensions increase only insignificantly.

In another preferred embodiment, the reflector is connected to a holding device via supporting elements and a ballast is accommodated in this. The reflector or the housing surrounding it. then very light and can be made of thin material. If the foot of a floor lamp serves as a holding device, the foot is weighted as desired.

The reflector preferably has at least one air opening on its side opposite the outlet opening. If, during operation, the radiation generator emits heat and the air inside the reflector is heated, chimney-like ventilation results through the outlet opening and air opening, so that favorable operating temperatures can be maintained.

• Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch einen Reflektor für eine erfindungsgemäße Leuchte,
• Fig. 2 einen schematischen Schnitt längs der Linie II-II in Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 in räumlicher Darstellung eine Stehleuchte mit der Anordnung der Fig. 2,
• Fig. 4 einen Schnitt parallel zur Nullachse des Reflektors durch eine andere Ausführungsform der Er- findung,
• Fig. 5 einen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• Fig. 6 einen Schnitt längs der Linie VI-VI der Fig. 5,
• Fig. 7 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• Fig. 8 einen Reflektor im schematischen Querschnitt mit verlängertem äußeren Endabschnitt,
• Fig. 9 einen Reflektor im schematischen Querschnitt mit Blendschutzlamellen,
• Fig. 10 einen Reflektor im schematischen Querschnitt mit Blemschutz-Glasscheibe,
• Fig. 11 einen Querschnitt durch einen abgewandelten Reflektor,
• Fig. 12 einen schematischen Schnitt längs der Linie XII-XII der Fig. 11,
• Fig. 13 einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Reflektors,
• Fig. 14 ein UVA-Bestrahlungsgerät mit abgewandeltem Reflektor,
• Fig. 15 in räumlicher Darstellung den in Fig. 14 verwendeten Einsatz,
• Fig. 16 die Spektralverteilung einer Zinnhalogenid-Kurzbogenlampe und
• Fig. 17 die Spektralverteilung einer Metallhalogen-Hochdruck-Lampe und einer Glühlampe.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of several preferred exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Show it:

• 1 shows a cross section through a reflector for a lamp according to the invention,
• 2 shows a schematic section along the line II-II in FIG. 1,
• 3 in a spatial representation a floor lamp with the arrangement of FIG. 2,
• 4 shows a section parallel to the zero axis of the reflector through another embodiment of the invention,
• 5 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of the invention,
• 6 shows a section along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5,
• 7 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a further embodiment of the invention,
• 8 shows a reflector in schematic cross section with an extended outer end section,
• 9 shows a reflector in schematic cross section with anti-glare slats,
• 10 shows a reflector in schematic cross section with anti-glare glass pane,
• 11 shows a cross section through a modified reflector,
• 12 is a schematic section along the line XII-XII of FIG. 11,
• 13 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a reflector,
• 14 is a UVA radiation device with a modified reflector,
• 15 shows the insert used in FIG. 14 in a spatial representation,
• 16 shows the spectral distribution of a tin halide short-arc lamp and
• 17 shows the spectral distribution of a metal halogen high-pressure lamp and an incandescent lamp.

The reflector 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 encloses a radiation generator, which here has the shape of a rod-shaped three-band fluorescent lamp 2. The majority of the cross-section consists of an Archimedean spiral 3, the inner end section 4 of which is at such a distance from the zero axis 5 that not only the fluorescent lamp 2 has space, but also all the rays reflected from it, for example the Beam S1, bypassed the fluorescent lamp 2. An Archimedean spiral is characterized in that it forms a constant angle of inclination α with all radial rays 6 emanating from the zero axis 5. The outer end portion 7 of the reflector overlaps the inner end portion 4 by an angle β, which is chosen so that when looking into the outlet opening 8, which is formed between the outer end section 7 and the rest of the reflector, the radiation generator is no longer visible. The overlap angle is not quite 60 ° in the present exemplary embodiment. The overlapping end section 7 has a flat piece 9, which connects tangentially to the spiral 3, that is to say extends outside the dashed line 10, which represents a continuation of the spiral 3.

In this construction, the beam S1 striking the inner end portion 4 is reflected four times before exiting the opening 8. Another beam S2 is shown as an example and is reflected three times in total. A third beam S3, shown as an example, is reflected twice. At least, however, a one-time reflection occurs, as the beam S4 shows. After the first reflection, all rays lie outside a region which is indicated by the dashed line 11. The angle of inclination α is selected at 77.5 ° so that the line 11 extends somewhat outside the inner end section 4.

From this it can be seen that all the radiation emitted by the radiation generator passes through the outlet opening 8 to the outside. Only the reflection losses have to be taken into account. In addition, it can be seen that the luminance in the area visible through the outlet opening 8 is considerably lower than on the surface of the fluorescent lamp 2. Even with only one reflection of the beam S4, it can be seen that, based on a certain circumferential angle, the radiation-emitting surface the fluorescent lamp 2 is many times smaller than the surface of the reflector 1 reflecting this radiation. The use of the flat piece 9 gives the beam S3 greater steepness compared to the slope of the beam S3 'that would occur if a spiral were used continuously. This leads to a concentration of the illuminated field. There is also no possibility of accidentally touching the radiation generator; it can therefore take on high temperatures. If it explodes, the glass fragments are completely retained by the reflector.

1 initially applies to those rays which are emitted in the plane of the drawing. The paths of the rays S1 to S4 can, however, also be understood as a projection of rays which have only one component in the plane of the drawing, but otherwise have a component in the direction of the zero axis 5. 2 shows, reflecting side walls 12 and 13 are provided on the end faces of the reflector. These have an inclination with respect to the cross-sectional plane of the reflector, so that even rays that have only a small angle to the zero axis can still be guided to the outlet opening 8. The inclination of the side walls is approximately 30 ° to 50 ° to the cross-sectional plane.

The fluorescent lamp 2 is held in two versions 14 and 15. Each socket is attached to a support 16 or 17, which is designed here as an end wall. The carrier is detachably connected to the reflector 1 and covers an opening 18 or 19, the cross section of which is larger than that of the socket 14, 15 or, respectively, the fluorescent lamp 2. In this way, the fluorescent lamp 2, although it is completely inside of the reflector is included, can be easily installed.

3 shows a spiral housing 20, the inner surface of which forms the reflector 1. The housing is connected via a support element 21 in the form of a tripod to a holding device 22 in the form of a foot. In this foot a ballast 23 is housed so that the housing 20 can be easily carried out. The same principle can also be applied to other lights. In the case of a pendant lamp in which the reflector is connected to a strip-shaped holding device fastened to the ceiling by means of suspension cables, the ballast can be accommodated by this holding device. The reflector can also be carried by articulated arms which are connected to a clamping holding device for attachment to a table or the like. the ballast can then be located in this holding device.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, a reflector 31 is provided which has the shape of the reflector 1 in cross section. Reflective side walls 32 and 33 are formed by the reflective inner surfaces of a spherical housing 34. The housing rests on a foot 35. If the upper half of the spherical housing 34 is made of glass, the reflecting side walls can be formed by an internal mirroring in the region of the reflector. The radiation can also pass through the glass, for example if the reflector is rotated 90 ° counterclockwise relative to the position in FIG. 1 (cf. also FIG. 6).

An opening 36 is provided in the middle of the spiral part of the reflector 31 and is closed off by a detachable carrier 37. This has a socket 38 for a short-arc lamp 39, between the electrodes 40 and 41 of which an arc 42 of high radiation intensity is produced, which can be regarded as a practically punctiform light source. A cylindrical filter 43 is normally in the carrier 37 sunk, but can be raised to the position shown in dashed lines if necessary. While the glass envelope 39a of the short arc lamp 39 essentially filters UVB and UVC radiation, the filter 43 is designed in such a way that it is able to filter UVA and blue light radiation to a considerable extent. A ballast 44 is arranged below the carrier 37. These parts can be hidden in that the underside of the housing 34 is opaque, for example made of metal.

5, a reflector 51 with two reflecting side walls 52 and 53 is provided in a housing 54. A metal halogen high-pressure burner 55 and an incandescent lamp 56 serve as radiation generators. The high-pressure burner is held in a holder 57, which is fastened to a support 58 in the form of a detachable end wall. The incandescent lamp 56 is held in a socket 59 which is fastened to a carrier 60 which is part of an insert 61 with an outer end wall 62. The insert contains a ballast 63 and an outwardly projecting switch 64 with four positions. In the first position the lamp is switched off. In the second position, only the high pressure burner 55 is switched on, so that the light is produced in accordance with a cloudy sky. In the third position, both radiation sources are switched on, so that a spectrum similar to sunlight results. In the fourth position, only the light bulb is switched on, so that the usual evening lighting results.

From Fig. 6 it can be seen that the housing 54 is cuboid and encloses the reflector 51 very closely. The radiation exit opening 65 is located on a largest area of the cuboid and points to the front. An air opening 66 is provided on the underside of the reflector. As a result of the heating of the air by the radiation generators occurs a chimney effect, through which the interior of the reflector 51 is ventilated and favorable operating temperatures can be maintained. Instead or in addition, a cooling fan can be provided, for example in the free space between the reflector side wall 53 and the end wall 58 in FIG. 5.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, a reflector 71 with two inclined, reflecting side walls 72 and 73 is provided. Corresponding sockets 74 and 75 each carry a short-arc lamp 76 and 77, respectively. Due to different tin doping of the sodium vapor of the short-arc lamp, lamp 76 has a spectrum emphasized in blue and lamp 77 has a spectrum emphasized in red. The radiations of both lamps are mixed within the reflector, likewise in the aforementioned embodiment, so that the emerging radiation has a combined spectrum. Each lamp is assigned a dimmer 78 or 79, which enables the power of each lamp to be regulated. As a result, the brightness of the lamp can be changed in the usual way. However, it is also possible to change the spectral composition of the emerging radiation continuously.

In Fig. 8, a reflector 81 is illustrated above a worktop 80, which has a relatively long flat piece 83 as a diaphragm following the spiral 82. This aperture causes the emerging radiation in an angular range γ of not more than 110 ^0, preferably 90 ° and less issued. In this way it is achieved that the angle δ to the horizontal is greater than 35 ⁰ or even 45 ° if the reflector is arranged such that the beam 84 is directed symmetrically downwards. This results in glare-free radiation, even if a very strong radiation source is used in the reflector.

In the reflector 91 of FIG. 9, the outer end section 92 of the spiral 93 is shorter. For this purpose, longitudinal slats 94 are inserted into the radiation exit opening 95 for glare protection.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, the reflector 101 has the shape of the reflector 91. However, a prismatic glass pane 103 is inserted into the outlet opening 102 for glare protection.

In the device according to FIGS. 11 and 12, a reflector 111 consists of two parts 112 and 113 which are connected to one another via a joint 114. The reflector part 112 is fixedly connected to supports 115 for a radiation generator 116. If the reflector part 113 is folded as a flap into the dashed position, the radiation generator 116 is easily accessible.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 13, a reflector 121; provided, which in turn consists of two parts 122 and 123. The latter can by means of a fastening device; device 124 are attached to the reflector part 122. Here too, carriers 125 for a radiation generator 126 are attached to the reflector part 122.

14 shows a reflector 131 which has an insert 132 which can be inserted into an opening 133 of the reflector 131. The insert 132 has a carrier 134, which is designed on the inside as a reflector and, for example, also consists of aluminum sheet, and two sockets 135 and 136 for a radiation generator 137. Its feed lines 138 are also connected to the insert 132. The device of FIGS. 14 and 15 is intended to serve as a UVA radiation device. For this purpose, the radiation generator 137 emits UVA radiation to a marked extent from. A glass jacket 139 is designed as a filter which essentially filters out UVB and UVC radiation. The reflector 131 is connected via a cable 140 to a motor-driven lowering device 142 fastened to the ceiling 141 and is arranged above the bed 144 with the outlet opening 143 directed downwards. It can be lowered up to a small distance a, for example 50 cm, above the bed so that a user on the bed experiences close-up radiation. However, it can also be raised by means of the device 142 to such an extent that a distance from the couch of, for example, 1.25 m allows easy climbing on and off the couch. The emerging radiation affects the entire width of the bed. !

The short-arc lamp for a lamp is, for example, the tin-halide short-arc lamp from Philips from Philips. This has a spectral radiation flux distribution, as illustrated in the diagram in FIG. 16, where the radiation intensity I over the wave! length is illustrated. The tin halide short arc lamp has a sodium vapor filling. This is doped with tin. The spectrum extends continuously from about 300 nm to over 800 nm. The glass envelope essentially filters out the range up to about 320 nm, ie the UVB range and the shorter-wave range. The area 43 up to approximately 480 nm, that is to say the UVA and blue light area, can also be largely filtered out by the filter 43. Such a lamp produces a very high luminous efficacy, which is around 70 lm / W.

A high-pressure burner is, for example, a metal halide lamp such as that from General Electric under the name "Halarc", from Sylvania under the name "Miniarc" or from Osram under the name "HQI" is distributed. Such lamps contain, for example, a filling of argon gas, mercury, thorium iodide, sodium iodide and scandium iodide. In the diagram of FIG. 17, which in turn shows the radiation intensity over the wavelength, the solid curve shows the spectral radiation flux distribution of the Halarc lamp. This metal halide lamp is more pronounced in the blue and yellow areas than in the red area. It is therefore combined with an incandescent lamp, the spectral distribution of the radiation flux of which is illustrated in broken lines. Both curves on top of each other largely correspond to the sunlight spectrum. Such a high-pressure burner can also produce an output of 70 lm / W.

A three-band fluorescent lamp, such as is marketed for example by Sylvania under the name Longlife 184, can be used as the fluorescent lamp 2. Such a lamp also produces a continuous spectrum in the entire visible range and in the subsequent UVA range. Approx. 80 lm / W can be generated.

As a radiation generator for emitting a pronounced UVA radiation, metal halide burners come into consideration, such as those from Philips under the name "metal halogen UVA lamp HPA 400 W" or from Osram under the name "ultramed halogen metal vapor emitter 400 W "can be distributed. These lamps have an even higher UVA radiation output per watt than the likewise usable ones; Xenon lamps or Hg high pressure burners.

Overall, you can achieve a very high luminous efficacy and luminosity with a luminaire and thereby an illuminance of up to 1000 lx at the workplace with low luminance. In the same way you can use a UVA radiation device with a high UVA radiation intensity in a uniform manner Achieve distribution, and because of the high absorption of the heat radiation and the filtering of the UVB and UVC radiation, small distances of, for example, 10 to 40 cm from the radiation exit opening can also be used.

Further modifications are possible in that details of one exemplary embodiment are also used in other exemplary embodiments.

Claims (43)

1. Device for emitting light and similar radiation with radiation generator and concave, one-dimensionally curved reflector, characterized in that the reflector (1; 31; 51; 71; 81; 91; 101; 111; 121; 131) at least in the predominant Part of its cross-section has the shape of a spiral (3) and encloses the radiation generator (2; 39; 55, 56; 76, 77, 116; 126; 137) by more than 360 °, the inner end section (4) of the reflector being one Has a distance from the zero axis (5) and the outer end section (7) overreaches the inner end section to such an extent that only reflected radiation emerges from the reflector. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral (3) has a constant angle of inclination (α) with respect to radial lines (6) extending from the zero axis (5). 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle of inclination (α) is at most 79 °. 4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the angle of inclination (α) is at least 70 °. 5. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the angle of inclination (α) is approximately 77.5 ⁰ . 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the overlap angle (β) between the inner and outer end section is 30 ° to 60 °. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the radiation outlet opening (95) anti-glare slats (94) are assigned. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the radiation exit opening (102) is associated with an anti-glare glass pane (103). 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the overlap angle (α) between the inner and outer end portion is so large that the emerging radiation in an angular range (α) of at most 110 °, preferably 90 ° and less, is delivered. 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the outer end portion (7) ends with a tangent to the spiral (3; 82) adjoining flat piece (9; 83). 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that on the end faces of the reflector (1; 31; 51; 71) reflective side walls (12, 13; 32, 33; 52, 53; 72, 73) are provided . 12. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the reflective side walls (12, 13; 32, 33; 52, 53; 72, 73) have an inclination with respect to the cross-sectional plane of the reflector. 13. Apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the side walls (12, 13; 52, 53; 72, 73) have flat surfaces. 14. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the side walls (32, 33) are formed by spherical sections. 15. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the reflector (31) is enclosed by a spherical housing (34) which forms the reflective side walls. 16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the radiation generator comprises a substantially point-shaped radiation source (39; 55; 76, 77; 137). 17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the radiation generator has a high-pressure burner (55; 116; 137). 18. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the high pressure burner (55; 116; 137) is a metal halogen burner. 19. Apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the radiation generator has a short-arc lamp (39; 76.77). 20. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the short arc lamp (39; 76, 77) is a tin halide short arc lamp with tin-doped sodium vapor. 21. Device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the radiation generator has at least two radiation sources (55, 65; 76, 77) offset with respect to one another in the direction of the zero axis with different spectral distribution. 22. Apparatus according to claim 17 or 18 and 21, characterized in that the radiation sources comprise a high pressure burner (55) and an incandescent lamp (56). 23. Apparatus according to claim 19 or 20 and 21, characterized in that the radiation sources have two - similar short-arc lamps (76, 77) which have a blue-accented and a red-emphasized spectrum due to different doping of the steam. 2h. Apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the radiation sources comprise a lamp (55) with starting behavior and an incandescent lamp (56). 25. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the radiation generator is a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp (2) whose axis runs approximately along the zero axis (5). 26. Device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the radiation generator (39; 137) emits UVA radiation and a UVB and UVC radiation substantially filtering filter (39a; 139) is provided. 27. Apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that the outlet opening (143) points downwards and the reflector (131) is connected to a device (142) for lowering until directly via a bed (144). 28. Device according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the radiation generator has a continuous spectrum between about 320 nm and 760 nm. 29. Device according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized by means (43; 64; 78, 79) for changing the spectral composition of the emitted radiation. 30. Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized by a filter (43) acting in the UVA and blue light range and which can be displaced into and out of the beam path. 31. Apparatus according to claim 29 and one of claims 21 to 24, characterized by switches (64) with which the radiation sources (55, 56) can be switched on individually or together. 32. Device according to claim 29 and one of claims 21 to 24, characterized by at least two dimmers (78, 79), each associated with a radiation source (76, 77). 33. Device according to one of claims 1 to 32, characterized by a carrier (16, 17; 37; 58, 60; 134), which has a socket (14, 15; 38; 57, 59; 135, 136) for a radiation source (2; 39; 55, 56; 137) carries, is detachably connected to the reflector (1; 31; 51; 131) and covers an opening (18, 19; 36; 133), the cross section of which is larger than that of the socket or the radiation source. 34. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that the carrier (16, 17; 58, 60) forms an end wall. 35. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that the opening (36; 133) is provided in the middle of the spiral surface of the reflector (31; 131). 36. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that the carrier (134) is formed on the inside as a reflector. 37. Device according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that one of the radiation generator (116) adjacent part (113) of the reflector (111) is designed as a flap pivotable relative to other reflectors (112). 38. Device according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that one of the radiation generator (126) adjacent part (123) of the reflector (121) on the remaining reflector (122) is removably attached. 39. Device according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized by a spiral sheet metal housing (20), the inner surface of which forms the reflector (1). 40. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that the reflector (51) is surrounded by a cuboid housing (54) which closely surrounds the reflector (51) and in its largest surface the beam exit opening (65) of the reflector lies. 41. Device according to one of claims 1 to 40, characterized in that a ballast (63) between a side wall (52) of the reflector (51) and an outer end wall (62) is housed. 42. Device according to one of claims 1 to 40, characterized in that the reflector (1) via support elements (21) is connected to a holding device (22) and in this a ballast (23) is housed. 43. Device according to one of claims 1 to 42, characterized in that the reflector (51) on its side opposite the outlet opening (65) has at least one air opening (66).

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