EP0053897B1 - Flexible starch bound non-asbestos paper - Google Patents
Flexible starch bound non-asbestos paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0053897B1 EP0053897B1 EP81305597A EP81305597A EP0053897B1 EP 0053897 B1 EP0053897 B1 EP 0053897B1 EP 81305597 A EP81305597 A EP 81305597A EP 81305597 A EP81305597 A EP 81305597A EP 0053897 B1 EP0053897 B1 EP 0053897B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- sheet material
- weight
- asbestos
- slurry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010427 ball clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
- D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
- D21H13/44—Flakes, e.g. mica, vermiculite
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
Definitions
- This invention relates to starch-bound paper, and provides non-asbestos alternatives to starch-bound asbestos papers.
- Starch-bound asbestos papers contain asbestos fibres as the predominant raw material, these fibres being bound together with small amounts of hydrolysed starch to provide the necessary strength and flexibility.
- Such papers find use for a variety of purposes, e.g. as high temperature flexible insulation in electrical equipment. They are commonly made in the form of flexible sheet of thickness 0.1-1.5 mm on conventional paper-making machines such as the Fourdrinier.
- an aqueous slurry of the ingredients which are to compose the product is progressively dewatered as a layer on a water-permeable conveyor (usually of wire mesh), the dewatered layer being subsequently compressed and dried.
- EP-A-027 705 (priority: 19.10.79; date of filing: 09.10.80; date of publication: 29.04.81) describes non-asbestos sheet material comprising a matrix of unfired ball clay which is reinforced by vitreous fibres derived from wool-form material and by organic web-forming fibres, the whole being bound together by hydrolysed starch; said sheet material being made by dewatering on a water-permeable conveyor a layer of aqueous slurry of unfired ball clay, wool-form vitreous fibres, organic web-forming fibres and hydrolysed starch, and compressing and drying the dewatered layer; said aqueous slurry containing, by weight of solids content, the organic web-forming fibres in said slurry having a freeness in the range 60-90° Schopper-Riegler; the sheet material being of thickness 0.1-1.5 mm and of flexibility such that a specimen thereof measuring 50 mmx230 mm, with the 230 mm side parallel to the grain of the
- the non-asbestos flexible sheet material of EP-A-027 705 can be made by substituting for the vitreous fibres (which are, of course, silicate material) particles of the silicate mineral mica or the silicate mineral chlorite, with the proviso that at least 75% by weight of those particles should pass through a sieve of aperture 250,um.
- the aqueous slurry employed should have its solids content of ball clay in the range 30-60% by weight; and the solids content of the silicate mineral in the slurry should be in the range 25-55% by weight.
- Ball clay provides a flexible cohesive matrix.
- Ball clay is a fine-grained, highly plastic, mainly kaolinitic sedimentary clay.
- 'kaolinitic' and 'kaolinite' are mineralogical ones, indicating chemical composition and chemical structure; they are not to be confused with their term 'kaolin', used to denote a highly refractory clay which approaches the mineral kaolinite in chemical composition and structure but which-by contrast with ball clay-is hardly plastic at all).
- Various types of ball clay have varying proportions of kaolinite, micaceous material, and quartz, with small amounts of organic matter and other minerals.
- Ball clays are used mainly in the manufacturing of pottery and refractories, in admixture with other clays (such as the kaolin mentioned earlier) to impart plasticity to them and to increase the green strength of the unfired ware.
- the function of the organic web-forming fibres is primarily to enable the paper to be formed on conventional paper making machinery, but additionally those fibres impart strength to the ball clay matrix of the finished paper, just as the mineral mica or chlorite (the primary reinforcement) does.
- the organic web-forming fibres are preferably cellulose fibres, but may alternatively be polyethylene or polypropylene fibres of the kind commercially available under the name "Pulpex”.
- Mica and chlorite are non-fibrous charged-layer-silicate minerals.
- the structure of mica is well known.
- the chlorites have structures containing infinite two-dimensional ions of opposite electrical charge, the negatively charged layers having compositions ranging from the positively charged layers having the composition
- Such non-fibrous charged-layer-silicate minerals are to be distinguished from non-fibrous layer silicate minerals such as kaolinite, talc and pyrophyllite, where the infinite 2- dimensional layers (e.g. in kaolinite) are uncharged.
- the hydrolysed starch is preferably a farina starch.
- the paper may also contain a small proportion, suitably in the range of 1-10%, of rayon fibres, to impart green strength to the sheet material between the dewatering and drying operations, and also to impart additional strength to the finished paper.
- the density of the paper will ordinarily be in the range 700-1100 kg/m 3 , its tensile strength at least 3 MPa and its burst strength at least 40 KPa.
- the papers of the invention may be impregnated with other materials, such as resins, to give special properties for particular purposes. They may have surface coatings e.g. of shellac varnish or synthetic resin applied to them. They may also be given a backing e.g. of manilla paper, to increase mechanical strength, especially tensile strength, when that is required in the wrapping of conductors and the like, and they may be incorporated in double or multiple layer constructions with glass threads between adjacent paper layers to give particularly high strength, as when wrapping cables.
- other materials such as resins
- They may have surface coatings e.g. of shellac varnish or synthetic resin applied to them. They may also be given a backing e.g. of manilla paper, to increase mechanical strength, especially tensile strength, when that is required in the wrapping of conductors and the like, and they may be incorporated in double or multiple layer constructions with glass threads between adjacent paper layers to give particularly high strength, as when wrapping cables.
- the invention is further illustrated by the following Example.
- the stock (slurry) of A above was made into flexible sheet material in an entirely conventional way on a Fourdrinier flat wire paper machine, such as is described in chapters 10 and 11 of "Paper and Board Manufacture” by Julius Grant, James H. Young, and Barry G. Watson (Publishers: Technical Division, the British Paper and Board Industry Federation, London, 1978).
- the slurry is progressively dewatered as it travels on the water-permeable conveyor of the machine, and the dewatered material is consolidated by pressing between rollers, and then dried to low moisture content (suitably 2% by weight).
- the properties of the paper thus obtained were:-
- a specimen of paper (50 mmx230 mm, with the 230 mm side parallel to the grain) should show no evidence of breaking when bent through 180°C around a mandrel of 50 mm diameter, with use of just enough force to keep the specimen in contact with the mandrel.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Cable Accessories (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Non-asbestos alternatives to starch-bound asbestos papers comprise a matrix of unfired ball clay which is reinforced by fine particles of a non-fibrous charged-layer-slicate mineral such as mica and by organic web-forming fibres such as cellulose, the whole being bound together by hydrolysed starch.
Description
- This invention relates to starch-bound paper, and provides non-asbestos alternatives to starch-bound asbestos papers.
- Starch-bound asbestos papers contain asbestos fibres as the predominant raw material, these fibres being bound together with small amounts of hydrolysed starch to provide the necessary strength and flexibility. Such papers find use for a variety of purposes, e.g. as high temperature flexible insulation in electrical equipment. They are commonly made in the form of flexible sheet of thickness 0.1-1.5 mm on conventional paper-making machines such as the Fourdrinier. In the process, an aqueous slurry of the ingredients which are to compose the product is progressively dewatered as a layer on a water-permeable conveyor (usually of wire mesh), the dewatered layer being subsequently compressed and dried.
- Our British Patent Application 2 031 043A published April 1980 discloses a non-asbestos product which comprises a matrix of unfired ball clay containing glassy inorganic reinforcement and organic web-forming fibres and which contains hydrolysed starch as complementary binder. However, although that product is made on paper-making machinery, it is a board having a flexural strength of the order of 4 MPa ie inflexible compared to paper, and the function of the starch in it is to enable the board to be remoulded when wetted with water.
- EP-A-027 705 (priority: 19.10.79; date of filing: 09.10.80; date of publication: 29.04.81) describes non-asbestos sheet material comprising a matrix of unfired ball clay which is reinforced by vitreous fibres derived from wool-form material and by organic web-forming fibres, the whole being bound together by hydrolysed starch; said sheet material being made by dewatering on a water-permeable conveyor a layer of aqueous slurry of unfired ball clay, wool-form vitreous fibres, organic web-forming fibres and hydrolysed starch, and compressing and drying the dewatered layer; said aqueous slurry containing, by weight of solids content,
- We have now found that useful alternatives to the non-asbestos flexible sheet material of EP-A-027 705 can be made by substituting for the vitreous fibres (which are, of course, silicate material) particles of the silicate mineral mica or the silicate mineral chlorite, with the proviso that at least 75% by weight of those particles should pass through a sieve of aperture 250,um. Additionally, the aqueous slurry employed should have its solids content of ball clay in the range 30-60% by weight; and the solids content of the silicate mineral in the slurry should be in the range 25-55% by weight.
- In the product of the present invention (referred to in the rest of the description as 'paper'), the ball clay provides a flexible cohesive matrix. Ball clay is a fine-grained, highly plastic, mainly kaolinitic sedimentary clay. (The terms 'kaolinitic' and 'kaolinite' are mineralogical ones, indicating chemical composition and chemical structure; they are not to be confused with their term 'kaolin', used to denote a highly refractory clay which approaches the mineral kaolinite in chemical composition and structure but which-by contrast with ball clay-is hardly plastic at all). Various types of ball clay have varying proportions of kaolinite, micaceous material, and quartz, with small amounts of organic matter and other minerals. Ball clays are used mainly in the manufacturing of pottery and refractories, in admixture with other clays (such as the kaolin mentioned earlier) to impart plasticity to them and to increase the green strength of the unfired ware.
- The function of the organic web-forming fibres is primarily to enable the paper to be formed on conventional paper making machinery, but additionally those fibres impart strength to the ball clay matrix of the finished paper, just as the mineral mica or chlorite (the primary reinforcement) does. The organic web-forming fibres are preferably cellulose fibres, but may alternatively be polyethylene or polypropylene fibres of the kind commercially available under the name "Pulpex".
- Mica and chlorite are non-fibrous charged-layer-silicate minerals. The structure of mica is well known. The chlorites have structures containing infinite two-dimensional ions of opposite electrical charge, the negatively charged layers having compositions ranging from
- The hydrolysed starch is preferably a farina starch. The paper may also contain a small proportion, suitably in the range of 1-10%, of rayon fibres, to impart green strength to the sheet material between the dewatering and drying operations, and also to impart additional strength to the finished paper.
- The density of the paper will ordinarily be in the range 700-1100 kg/m3, its tensile strength at least 3 MPa and its burst strength at least 40 KPa.
- The papers of the invention may be impregnated with other materials, such as resins, to give special properties for particular purposes. They may have surface coatings e.g. of shellac varnish or synthetic resin applied to them. They may also be given a backing e.g. of manilla paper, to increase mechanical strength, especially tensile strength, when that is required in the wrapping of conductors and the like, and they may be incorporated in double or multiple layer constructions with glass threads between adjacent paper layers to give particularly high strength, as when wrapping cables.
- The invention is further illustrated by the following Example.
-
- (i) Lapponia pulp (bleached softwood sulphate pulp) in sheet form was made into an aqueous slurry of solids content about 3% by weight and treated in a disc refiner until its freeness value was 90° Schopper Riegler.
- (ii) The pulp of (1) (500 g. dry weight=16.7 kg wet weight) was added to 90 litres of water in a mixing tank, and the diluted pulp was agitated vigorously for 1 minute. There were then added, with vigorous stirring: silicate mineral (mica or chlorite), at least 75% by weight of which passes through a sieve of aperture 250 pm; ball clay (90% passing a sieve of aperture 5 µm); rayon fibre (3 denier; chopped to 3-8 mm fibre length); farina starch (5% aqueous solution, prepared by heating at 100°C for 5-10 minutes); in proportions such that the solids content of the resulting slurry was made up of 46% silicate mineral, 5% cellulose fibres, 40% unfired ball clay, 5% rayon fibres and 4% hydrolysed starch.
- (iii) The slurry of (ii) was diluted to 1-3% solids content.
- The stock (slurry) of A above was made into flexible sheet material in an entirely conventional way on a Fourdrinier flat wire paper machine, such as is described in chapters 10 and 11 of "Paper and Board Manufacture" by Julius Grant, James H. Young, and Barry G. Watson (Publishers: Technical Division, the British Paper and Board Industry Federation, London, 1978). The slurry is progressively dewatered as it travels on the water-permeable conveyor of the machine, and the dewatered material is consolidated by pressing between rollers, and then dried to low moisture content (suitably 2% by weight). The properties of the paper thus obtained were:-
- To pass the flexibility test referred to, a specimen of paper (50 mmx230 mm, with the 230 mm side parallel to the grain) should show no evidence of breaking when bent through 180°C around a mandrel of 50 mm diameter, with use of just enough force to keep the specimen in contact with the mandrel.
Claims (4)
1. Non-asbestos flexible sheet material of thickness 0.1-1.5 mm comprising a matrix of unfired ball clay which is reinforced by silicate material and by organic web-forming fibres, the whole being bound together by hydrolysed starch; said sheet material being made by dewatering on a water-permeable conveyor a layer of aqueous slurry, and compressing and drying the dewatered layer; said aqueous slurry containing, by weight of solids content,
the organic web-forming fibres in said slurry having a freeness in the range 60-900 Schopper-Riegler; the sheet material being of flexibility such that a specimen thereof measuring 50 mmx230 mm, with the 230 mm side parallel to the grain of the material, shows no evidence of breaking when bent through 180° around a mandrel of 50 mm diameter, with the use of just enough force to keep the specimen in contact with the mandrel; characterised in that said silicate material consists of particles of the mineral mica or chlorite, at least 75% by weight of which pass a seive of aperture 250,am, the particles forming not more than 55% by weight of the solids content of said slurry and the ball clay forming not less than 30% by weight of the solids content of said slurry.
2. Non-asbestos sheet material according to claim 1, in which the organic web-forming fibres are cellulose fibres.
3. Non-asbestos sheet material according to claim 1 or 2, which includes rayon fibres as additional reinforcement.
4. Non-asbestos sheet material according to claim 3, in which the content of rayon fibres is 1-10% by weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT81305597T ATE11311T1 (en) | 1980-12-05 | 1981-11-26 | PLIABLE STARCHBOND PAPER WITHOUT ASBESTOS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8039121 | 1980-12-05 | ||
| GB8039121 | 1980-12-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0053897A1 EP0053897A1 (en) | 1982-06-16 |
| EP0053897B1 true EP0053897B1 (en) | 1985-01-16 |
Family
ID=10517787
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81305597A Expired EP0053897B1 (en) | 1980-12-05 | 1981-11-26 | Flexible starch bound non-asbestos paper |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0053897B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS57121700A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE11311T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3168399D1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA818290B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2130263B (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1985-10-02 | T & N Materials Res Ltd | Non-asbestos sheet material |
| DE19704478A1 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Laser-markable papers and cardboard |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2031043A (en) * | 1978-06-20 | 1980-04-16 | Turner & Newall Ltd | Fibrous Sheet Material |
| DE3025341T1 (en) * | 1979-02-05 | 1981-01-08 | Hollingsworth & Vose Co | SHEET MATERIAL CONTAINING EXFOLIATED VERMICULITE |
| AU533396B2 (en) * | 1979-10-19 | 1983-11-24 | Turner & Newall Limited | Non-asbestos paper |
-
1981
- 1981-11-26 DE DE8181305597T patent/DE3168399D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-11-26 EP EP81305597A patent/EP0053897B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-11-26 AT AT81305597T patent/ATE11311T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-11-30 ZA ZA818290A patent/ZA818290B/en unknown
- 1981-12-02 JP JP56194348A patent/JPS57121700A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0053897A1 (en) | 1982-06-16 |
| ZA818290B (en) | 1982-11-24 |
| ATE11311T1 (en) | 1985-02-15 |
| DE3168399D1 (en) | 1985-02-28 |
| JPS57121700A (en) | 1982-07-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19821213 |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR IT NL SE |
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