[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

EA201370024A1 - Композиция, содержащая шеллак и/или его соль и натрия крахмалгликолят - Google Patents

Композиция, содержащая шеллак и/или его соль и натрия крахмалгликолят

Info

Publication number
EA201370024A1
EA201370024A1 EA201370024A EA201370024A EA201370024A1 EA 201370024 A1 EA201370024 A1 EA 201370024A1 EA 201370024 A EA201370024 A EA 201370024A EA 201370024 A EA201370024 A EA 201370024A EA 201370024 A1 EA201370024 A1 EA 201370024A1
Authority
EA
Eurasian Patent Office
Prior art keywords
salt
composition
glycolate
sodium
shellak
Prior art date
Application number
EA201370024A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
EA025644B1 (ru
Inventor
Даниэле Джованноне
Карло Де Ангелис
Original Assignee
Гносис Спа
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Гносис Спа filed Critical Гносис Спа
Publication of EA201370024A1 publication Critical patent/EA201370024A1/ru
Publication of EA025644B1 publication Critical patent/EA025644B1/ru

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/44—Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74—Bacteria
    • A61K35/741—Probiotics
    • A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
    • A61K9/282—Organic compounds, e.g. fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
    • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/286—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4808—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate characterised by the form of the capsule or the structure of the filling; Capsules containing small tablets; Capsules with outer layer for immediate drug release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4816—Wall or shell material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4891—Coated capsules; Multilayered drug free capsule shells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5015—Organic compounds, e.g. fats, sugars
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5036—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
    • A61K9/5078—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings with drug-free core
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1611—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/1623—Sugars or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose; Derivatives thereof; Homeopathic globules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/485—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/4858—Organic compounds

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Abstract

Целью заявленного изобретения является композиция, содержащая шеллак и/или его соль, натрия крахмалгликолят и как минимум один физиологически приемлемый эксципиент, а также способ ее получения.
EA201370024A 2010-07-26 2011-06-30 Покрывающая композиция для твёрдых пероральных лекарственных форм EA025644B1 (ru)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36772010P 2010-07-26 2010-07-26
ITMI2010A001386A IT1401146B1 (it) 2010-07-27 2010-07-27 Composizione comprendente shellac e/o un suo sale e sodio amido glicolato
PCT/IB2011/052896 WO2012014104A2 (en) 2010-07-26 2011-06-30 Composition comprising shellac and/or a salt thereof and sodium starch glycolate

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EA201370024A1 true EA201370024A1 (ru) 2013-06-28
EA025644B1 EA025644B1 (ru) 2017-01-30

Family

ID=43598463

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EA201370024A EA025644B1 (ru) 2010-07-26 2011-06-30 Покрывающая композиция для твёрдых пероральных лекарственных форм

Country Status (23)

Country Link
US (1) US9750815B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP2598122B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP5873868B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR101931638B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN103052381B (ru)
AU (1) AU2011284387B2 (ru)
BR (1) BR112013001962B1 (ru)
CA (1) CA2804715C (ru)
DK (1) DK2598122T3 (ru)
EA (1) EA025644B1 (ru)
ES (1) ES2553604T3 (ru)
GE (1) GEP20156363B (ru)
HR (1) HRP20151125T1 (ru)
HU (1) HUE026267T2 (ru)
IT (1) IT1401146B1 (ru)
MX (1) MX336929B (ru)
NZ (1) NZ606248A (ru)
PL (1) PL2598122T3 (ru)
PT (1) PT2598122E (ru)
RS (1) RS54305B1 (ru)
SG (1) SG186928A1 (ru)
SI (1) SI2598122T1 (ru)
WO (1) WO2012014104A2 (ru)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20131906A1 (it) * 2013-11-18 2015-05-19 Gnosis Spa Composizioni solide orali a lento rilascio
US10553327B2 (en) * 2014-05-26 2020-02-04 Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Aluminum alloy conductor wire, aluminum alloy stranded wire, coated wire, wire harness and method of manufacturing aluminum alloy conductor wire

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8603957D0 (en) * 1986-02-18 1986-03-26 Ciba Geigy Ag Acylated quinone derivatives
CN1260172A (zh) * 1998-12-18 2000-07-19 国家医药管理局上海医药工业研究院 右旋酮洛芬制剂
PT1207860E (pt) * 1999-09-02 2008-01-24 Nostrum Pharmaceuticals Inc Formulação de peletes de libertação controlada
AUPQ672800A0 (en) * 2000-04-06 2000-05-04 Natraherbal Pty Ltd Garlic supplement for deodoriser
IT1318597B1 (it) 2000-06-23 2003-08-27 A C R Applied Coating Res S A Uso di un amido ad alto contenuto di amilosio acetilato epregelatinizzato.
KR20040044992A (ko) 2001-09-28 2004-05-31 썬 파마슈티컬 인더스트리스 리미티드 당뇨병 치료용 투여형태
US20040103821A1 (en) * 2002-11-29 2004-06-03 Freund Industrial Co., Ltd. Aqueous shellac coating agent and production process therefor, and coated food and production process therefor, coated drug and production process therefor, glazing composition for oil-based confectionary, glazing process, and glazed oil-based confectionary using same
US20050031775A1 (en) 2003-08-07 2005-02-10 Charles Signorino High gloss film coating and stable solution therefor
GB0320020D0 (en) * 2003-08-27 2003-10-01 Mw Encap Ltd Improved formulation for providing an enteric coating material
CA2705518A1 (en) * 2007-11-13 2009-05-22 Hercules Incorporated Water dispersible enteric coating formulation for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical dosage forms
DE102008063800A1 (de) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Beschichtete Färbemittel
WO2010075290A1 (en) 2008-12-22 2010-07-01 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Unsaturated heterocyclic inhibitors of necroptosis
JP2012513481A (ja) 2008-12-23 2012-06-14 プレジデント アンド フェロウズ オブ ハーバード カレッジ ネクロトーシスの小分子阻害剤
JP2012514649A (ja) 2009-01-09 2012-06-28 セネレックス バイオファーマ，インコーポレーテッド 経口持続放出抗うつ薬製剤
WO2010132072A1 (en) 2009-05-15 2010-11-18 Neuraxon, Inc Treatment or prevention of migraine by dosing at aura
US8629149B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2014-01-14 Zalicus Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Oxopiperazine derivatives for the treatment of pain and epilepsy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK2598122T3 (da) 2015-10-19
PT2598122E (pt) 2015-12-07
SI2598122T1 (sl) 2015-12-31
HUE026267T2 (en) 2016-06-28
EA025644B1 (ru) 2017-01-30
WO2012014104A3 (en) 2012-06-07
AU2011284387A2 (en) 2013-03-07
RS54305B1 (en) 2016-02-29
CA2804715A1 (en) 2012-02-02
US9750815B2 (en) 2017-09-05
NZ606248A (en) 2015-02-27
CA2804715C (en) 2017-12-19
MX336929B (es) 2016-02-05
IT1401146B1 (it) 2013-07-12
ES2553604T3 (es) 2015-12-10
WO2012014104A2 (en) 2012-02-02
BR112013001962A2 (pt) 2016-05-24
CN103052381A (zh) 2013-04-17
ITMI20101386A1 (it) 2012-01-28
SG186928A1 (en) 2013-02-28
JP5873868B2 (ja) 2016-03-01
US20130133551A1 (en) 2013-05-30
KR20130041133A (ko) 2013-04-24
EP2598122A2 (en) 2013-06-05
CN103052381B (zh) 2015-04-01
KR101931638B1 (ko) 2018-12-24
AU2011284387A1 (en) 2013-02-07
AU2011284387B2 (en) 2016-08-04
MX2013001061A (es) 2013-03-20
BR112013001962B1 (pt) 2021-07-06
HRP20151125T1 (hr) 2015-11-20
EP2598122B1 (en) 2015-09-16
PL2598122T3 (pl) 2016-02-29
JP2013532679A (ja) 2013-08-19
GEP20156363B (en) 2015-09-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EA202190619A1 (ru) Противовирусные соединения
EA201791744A3 (ru) Улучшенная липидная композиция
EA201790515A1 (ru) Противовирусные соединения
EA201190217A1 (ru) Замещенные 2-ацетамидо-5-арил-1,2,4-триазолоны и их применение
EA201491412A1 (ru) Соединения для лечения спинальной мышечной атрофии
EA201491766A1 (ru) Соединения для лечения спинальной мышечной атрофии
EA201492002A1 (ru) Противовирусные соединения
EA201590868A1 (ru) Противовирусные соединения
EA201490567A1 (ru) Новые бициклические производные дигидрохинолин-2-она
MY170713A (en) Treatment protocol of diabetes type 2
EA201270257A1 (ru) Производные n1-сульфонил-5-фторпиримидинона
EA201201030A1 (ru) 5-алкинилпиримидины
EA201300388A1 (ru) Соединения замещенного бензамида
EA201490596A1 (ru) Новые производные дигидрохинолин-2-она
EA201490474A1 (ru) Аминохиназолины в качестве ингибиторов киназ
EA201101194A1 (ru) Применение розувастатин лактолов в качестве лекарственных препаратов
GEP20135903B (en) Method of (1s, 2r)-milnacipran synthesis
EA201300034A1 (ru) Фармацевтические композиции, содержащие иматиниб или его фармацевтически приемлемую соль, и способы их получения
EA201270256A1 (ru) Производные т1-замещенного 5-фтор-2-оксопиримидинон-1 (2h) -карбоксамида
EA201170983A1 (ru) Производные тиадиазолов и оксадиазолов, их получение и их применение в терапии
EA201270253A1 (ru) Производные n1-ацил-5-фторпиримидинона
EA201190312A1 (ru) Замещенные пиперидины
EA201071367A1 (ru) Соли соединений ингибиторов вич
EA201001870A1 (ru) Новые кристаллические формы рабепразола натрия
EA201001353A1 (ru) Гидробромид ивабрадина

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM4A Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s)

Designated state(s): AM AZ KZ KG MD TJ TM