EA200601202A1 - Способ каталитического гидродеалкилирования алкилароматических углеводородов - Google Patents
Способ каталитического гидродеалкилирования алкилароматических углеводородовInfo
- Publication number
- EA200601202A1 EA200601202A1 EA200601202A EA200601202A EA200601202A1 EA 200601202 A1 EA200601202 A1 EA 200601202A1 EA 200601202 A EA200601202 A EA 200601202A EA 200601202 A EA200601202 A EA 200601202A EA 200601202 A1 EA200601202 A1 EA 200601202A1
- Authority
- EA
- Eurasian Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- range
- hydrocarbons
- hydrodyalkylation
- alkyraromatic
- catalytic
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/44—Noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/46—Iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by splitting-off an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic part from the molecule
- C07C4/12—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by splitting-off an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic part from the molecule from hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. propyltoluene to vinyltoluene
- C07C4/14—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by splitting-off an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic part from the molecule from hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. propyltoluene to vinyltoluene splitting taking place at an aromatic-aliphatic bond
- C07C4/18—Catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/04—Alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/08—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/12—Silica and alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
- C07C2529/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
- C07C2529/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- C07C2529/44—Noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
- C07C2529/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- C07C2529/46—Iron group metals or copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
- C07C2529/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/30—Aromatics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Способ проведения единственной реакции каталитического гидродеалкилирования углеводородов, включающих C-C-алкилароматические соединения, возможно смешанные с С-C-алифатическими и циклоалифатическими продуктами, который включает непрерывную обработку указанных углеводородных композиций в присутствии водорода при помощи катализатора, состоящего из цеолита ZSM-5, как такового или в связанной форме, причем значения молярного соотношения Si/Al в цеолите ZSM-5 находятся в диапазоне от 5 до 35, модифицированного по меньшей мере одним металлом, выбранным из металлов, относящихся к группам IIB, VIB, VIII, при температуре в диапазоне от 450 до 650°С, давлении в диапазоне от 2 до 4 МПа и молярном соотношении Н/загрузка в диапазоне от 3 до 6.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000077A ITMI20040077A1 (it) | 2004-01-22 | 2004-01-22 | Procedimento per la idrodealchilazione catalitica di idrocarburi alchilaromatici |
PCT/EP2004/014165 WO2005071045A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2004-12-13 | Process for the catalytic hydrodealkylation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EA200601202A1 true EA200601202A1 (ru) | 2006-12-29 |
EA010238B1 EA010238B1 (ru) | 2008-06-30 |
Family
ID=34803699
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EA200601202A EA010238B1 (ru) | 2004-01-22 | 2004-12-13 | Способ каталитического гидродеалкилирования алкилароматических углеводородов |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7880045B2 (ru) |
EP (1) | EP1706471B1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JP2007518856A (ru) |
CN (1) | CN1906272B (ru) |
DK (1) | DK1706471T3 (ru) |
EA (1) | EA010238B1 (ru) |
ES (1) | ES2741149T3 (ru) |
HU (1) | HUE045833T2 (ru) |
IT (1) | ITMI20040077A1 (ru) |
PL (1) | PL1706471T3 (ru) |
PT (1) | PT1706471T (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2005071045A1 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMI20040554A1 (it) * | 2004-03-23 | 2004-06-23 | Polimeri Europa Spa | Procedimento per la idrodealchilazione catalitica selettiva di idrocarburi alchilaromatici |
JP5292699B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-29 | 2013-09-18 | 東レ株式会社 | エチルベンゼンの転化方法およびパラキシレンの製造方法 |
KR101357387B1 (ko) * | 2006-03-29 | 2014-02-03 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 에틸벤젠의 전화 방법 및 파라크실렌의 제조 방법 |
ITMI20061548A1 (it) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-02-04 | Polimeri Europa Spa | Composizioni catalitiche per idrodealchilazioni altamente selettive di idrocarburi alchilaromatici |
DE102007004074A1 (de) | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regeneration eines Katalysators zur Dampf-Dealkylierung |
DE102007004078A1 (de) | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zur Dampf-Dealkylierung unter Einbindung einer Wassergas-Shift-Reaktion |
DE102007004079A1 (de) | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zur Trennung der gasförmigen Reaktionsprodukte der Dampf-Dealkylierung |
DE102007004077A1 (de) | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zur Dampf-Dealkylierung |
DE102007004075A1 (de) | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zur Temperaturführung einer Dampf-Dealkylierung |
JP4735774B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-19 | 2011-07-27 | 東レ株式会社 | エチルベンゼンの転化方法及びパラキシレン製造方法 |
CN104174428B (zh) * | 2013-05-22 | 2019-11-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种催化剂及其用于c9以上重质芳烃轻质化的方法 |
CN105085153B (zh) * | 2014-05-08 | 2018-01-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种使用碳9以上的芳烃生产苯、甲苯、二甲苯的方法 |
JP6566306B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-24 | 2019-08-28 | Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 | 芳香族転換反応用触媒及び芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
CN107922292A (zh) * | 2015-08-21 | 2018-04-17 | 沙特基础工业全球技术有限公司 | 用于由c5‑c12烃混合物生产btx的方法 |
US10093873B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2018-10-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process to recover gasoline and diesel from aromatic complex bottoms |
US11066344B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2021-07-20 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods and systems of upgrading heavy aromatics stream to petrochemical feedstock |
US11279663B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2022-03-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods and systems of upgrading heavy aromatics stream to petrochemical feedstock |
US10508066B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2019-12-17 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods and systems of upgrading heavy aromatics stream to petrochemical feedstock |
US10053401B1 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2018-08-21 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process for recovery of light alkyl mono-aromatic compounds from heavy alkyl aromatic and alkyl-bridged non-condensed alkyl aromatic compounds |
CN108435235B (zh) * | 2018-03-26 | 2021-01-05 | 福州大学 | 一种介孔Zn-ZSM-5分子筛及低成本制备方法 |
US10899685B1 (en) | 2019-10-07 | 2021-01-26 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Catalytic hydrodearylation of heavy aromatic stream containing dissolved hydrogen |
US11267769B2 (en) | 2019-10-07 | 2022-03-08 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Catalytic hydrodearylation of heavy aromatic streams containing dissolved hydrogen with fractionation |
CN112745932B (zh) | 2019-10-30 | 2022-07-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种生产轻质芳烃的方法 |
FR3116818A1 (fr) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-03 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede d’hydrogenolyse selective de charges comportant des composes aromatiques c8+ mettant en œuvre un catalyseur a structure zeolithique |
US11484869B2 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-11-01 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Modified ultra-stable Y (USY) zeolite catalyst for dealkylation of aromatics |
US11613714B2 (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2023-03-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Conversion of aromatic complex bottoms to useful products in an integrated refinery process |
US11591526B1 (en) | 2022-01-31 | 2023-02-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods of operating fluid catalytic cracking processes to increase coke production |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4351979A (en) * | 1980-04-14 | 1982-09-28 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Manufacture of aromatic compounds |
EP0109962B2 (en) | 1982-11-23 | 1992-12-16 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Conversion of xylenes containing ethylbenzene |
CA1227809A (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1987-10-06 | Nancy A. Kutz | Modification of hydrocarbon conversion processes over crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite-based catalysts by incorporation of a molybdenum compound |
US5689027A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1997-11-18 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Selective ethylbenzene conversion |
US5744674A (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 1998-04-28 | China Petrochemical Corporation | Catalyst and process for the conversion of heavy aromatics to light aromatics |
US5877374A (en) * | 1997-04-02 | 1999-03-02 | Chevron Chemical Company | Low pressure hydrodealkylation of ethylbenzene and xylene isomerization |
TW482751B (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 2002-04-11 | China Petro Chemical Technolog | Catalysts and processes for the conversion of aromatic hydrocarbons and uses thereof in the production of aromatic hydrocarbons |
US5883034A (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-03-16 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst composition and processes therefor and therewith |
KR100557558B1 (ko) * | 2000-11-30 | 2006-03-03 | 에스케이 주식회사 | 탄화수소 혼합물로부터 방향족 탄화수소 및 액화석유가스를 제조하는 방법 |
-
2004
- 2004-01-22 IT IT000077A patent/ITMI20040077A1/it unknown
- 2004-12-13 US US10/586,586 patent/US7880045B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-13 EA EA200601202A patent/EA010238B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-13 JP JP2006549906A patent/JP2007518856A/ja active Pending
- 2004-12-13 PL PL04803798T patent/PL1706471T3/pl unknown
- 2004-12-13 DK DK04803798.0T patent/DK1706471T3/da active
- 2004-12-13 HU HUE04803798A patent/HUE045833T2/hu unknown
- 2004-12-13 PT PT04803798T patent/PT1706471T/pt unknown
- 2004-12-13 ES ES04803798T patent/ES2741149T3/es active Active
- 2004-12-13 WO PCT/EP2004/014165 patent/WO2005071045A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-12-13 EP EP04803798.0A patent/EP1706471B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-12-13 CN CN2004800407582A patent/CN1906272B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUE045833T2 (hu) | 2020-01-28 |
ITMI20040077A1 (it) | 2004-04-22 |
US20070203377A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
ES2741149T3 (es) | 2020-02-10 |
CN1906272B (zh) | 2010-09-08 |
EA010238B1 (ru) | 2008-06-30 |
PL1706471T3 (pl) | 2020-01-31 |
EP1706471A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
EP1706471B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
JP2007518856A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
WO2005071045A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
US7880045B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 |
CN1906272A (zh) | 2007-01-31 |
DK1706471T3 (da) | 2019-08-05 |
PT1706471T (pt) | 2019-08-07 |
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