EA040648B1 - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an architectural design, and in particular, but not exclusively, to a building constructed from a relatively small variety of prefabricated components, providing the architect with a relatively large degree of flexibility in designing the structure.

To minimize construction costs and time, there is a need to provide buildings that can be partially built (assembled) off site from prefabricated components, or buildings that can be built on site from prefabricated components. This is because it is generally more cost effective to manufacture building components or sections in a factory setting, where they can be manufactured from production lines regardless of the prevailing weather conditions. In addition, a building made from prefabricated components or sections can be assembled at the construction site in a short time, reducing the time between the purchase or clearing of a building site and the commissioning of a new building.

In addition to the above, for environmental reasons it is desirable that buildings can be effectively dismantled rather than demolished. While building components can be dismantled relatively easily, in the case of components that are essentially homogeneous in nature, the various building materials can be separated from each other relatively easily for recycling.

The ability to assemble a building from off-site components or sections and then dismantle the building can significantly reduce the building's environmental footprint compared to an equivalent traditional building.

Off-site manufacturing also allows building components or sections to be made using technologies that are not normally available on the building site. This allows building components or sections to be produced in such a way that they have both structural and thermal insulation characteristics.

While it is desirable for the above reasons to build buildings from standard prefabricated components or sections, it is also desirable for buildings to have a personal character, both in terms of aesthetics and to enable buildings to be designed for specific tasks or people. Therefore, there is a need to provide architectural structures, and in particular buildings, that can be assembled from several standard components or sections, but such components or sections still allow the architect to tailor a building assembled from such components or sections to specific requirements.

The object of the present invention is to provide an architectural structure built from such components.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an architectural structure comprising at least one substantially planar component in the form of a wall, floor or ceiling, said at least one planar component comprising a plurality of isosceles panels of the same size, each having the shape of an isosceles triangle with angles of 30°-120°-30°, and a plurality of right-angled panels of the same size, each in the form of a right triangle with angles of 30°-60°-90°.

The expressions isosceles panel and isosceles panels, as used throughout the description, including the claims, refer to a panel or panels in the form of an isosceles triangle with angles of 30°-120°-30°. Similarly, the expressions right angle panel and right angle panels used throughout the description refer to a panel or panels in the form of a right triangle with angles of 30°-60°-90°.

By appropriately sizing the isosceles panels relative to the size of the right angle panels, the panels can be stacked in one of an infinite number of combinations depending on the number of panels available on the grid, as illustrated in FIG. 20V. The dimensions of the panels and the arrangement of the panels can be realized in such a way that the adjacent edges of the panels are parallel and almost adjacent to each other, leaving minimal gaps. Thus, such panels can form the bulk of a substantially flat component of an architectural structure, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling, while still allowing the architect a considerable degree of freedom in designing the overall shape of the wall, floor, or ceiling, and therefore essentially the planar component can have a wide variety of shapes having angles of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 240°.

The entire planar component, except for the peripheral edge portion, may be comprised of, and may be substantially filled with, non-overlapping panels of a plurality of isosceles panels and right angle panels. Thus, the panels may extend substantially throughout the planar component such that, with appropriate selection of panel materials, the panels may substantially form a weather-resistant barrier and/or provide a thermal barrier.

Panels with two kinds of geometry work especially well together when the relative size of the panel is chosen such that the length of the long side of the right angled panel is approximately 1.2 times the length of the long side of the isosceles panel.

Preferably, at least one planar wall, floor, or ceiling component further comprises connectors positioned between adjacent panels to hold the panels together. The presence of a connecting element between adjacent panels makes it easy to assemble and subsequently disassemble adjacent panels without the use of fasteners or adhesive. This greatly simplifies the subsequent disassembly or reconfiguration of the structure, if part of the structure must be dismantled.

Preferably, each connecting member comprises a flat front portion, a flat rear portion, and an orthogonal portion extending between the front and rear portions to form a slot for receiving a panel edge, the slot having a width substantially equal to the thickness of the panel.

The above construction allows the panels to be easily inserted into the slots and, given a certain resiliency in one of the two panels or the connecting element, essentially ensures that the panel is fixed in the connecting element. Furthermore, it is preferable that at least one of the flat front and rear portions of the connecting elements has a sufficient extent to cover small gaps between adjacent panels. Thus, the combination of panels and connecting elements can provide at least one planar component with a weather-resistant outer surface. This applies in particular to the case where each connecting element defines two abutting grooves for receiving respective edges of adjacent panels.

The flat front and rear portions of each connector are preferably trapezoidal, and more preferably diamond shaped, with the orthogonal portion extending in the length direction of the diamond shape. This causes the flat front and back portions to taper at the ends of the connector, so that the two connectors extend along respective of the two converging edges of the panel without the flat front and back portions of each connector not interfering with each other. However, in the middle, the flat front and back portions of each connector diverge significantly from the centerline of the connector and thereby form relatively deep grooves in which the panels are held, whereby the flat components made up of such panels and connectors maintain a flat configuration.

An important feature of the flat front and back portions is that their outermost peaks or ends form an angle of 30° to match the front and rear portions of adjacent connectors, respectively. Thus, a trapezoidal shape is not required. Also, while the connector may have distinct front and rear flats, it may instead be in the form of an extruded profile having relatively fine grooves on each side in which panels are received.

The architectural structure preferably comprises three types of connectors that are substantially identical in shape but three different sizes, each having a maximum size slightly larger than one of the edges of the panel.

To connect all combinations of adjacent panel edges of a flat component so that the flat front and back portions of each connector cover all gaps between adjacent panels, three types of connectors suffice.

As an alternative to the above, all three kinds of connectors can be replaced by a corresponding number of smaller, identical connectors, so that a corresponding number of connectors of the same kind can be used instead of the three separate kinds of connectors described above.

Each connecting element is preferably homogeneous and made by casting or molding. Each connecting element may be made of concrete, which may be autoclaved aerated concrete. Ash from sewage sludge (fly ash) can be used for this.

Preferably, each panel is a structurally insulating panel containing two outer layers that can be weather resistant and an inner insulating layer. The outer layers may be made of concrete, such as the above-mentioned AAC. The insulating layer may comprise two outer insulating layers of mycelium board and an inner layer of mycelium foam. This has the advantage that the mycelium slab can be grown directly on the concrete and mycelium foam can be grown between the mycelium slabs, eliminating the need for any additional bonding materials in the pre-assembly process and therefore making it easier to dismantle and reuse/ design processing.

The insulating layer may have a notch in the form of a part of a circle formed at each vertex, and at least one flat component further comprises a plurality of round disks of insulating material of the same thickness as the insulating layers, and the round disks are located between adjacent vertices of adjacent panels.

The presence of round discs of insulating material at or between adjacent apexes of adjacent panels ensures that the gaps between the ends of adjacent connecting elements do not coincide with the gaps between the apexes of adjacent panels. In addition, round disks and cutouts in the form of a part of a circle, made with the possibility of receiving such disks, allow you to place disks of the same type, regardless of the number and type of panel tops that adjoin the disk and partially receive it.

The architectural structure may include at least one peripheral frame for receiving at least one edge of at least one flat component, and at least one peripheral frame contains a plurality of components made on the outside to provide a straight edge and made on the inside edge to receive flat component.

The above construction allows the placement of said at least one planar component in a frame, and thus the frame provides a smooth, straight edge to a wall, floor, ceiling, or the like, necessary to form the top edge, bottom edge, or corner of a building or other architectural structure. .

Preferably, the architectural structure comprises a plurality of connecting elements located between adjacent panels and a plurality of edge elements, each of which correspond in shape and size to half of one of the connecting elements, with the edge elements being put on the corresponding edges of the panels to provide a smooth edge of the panel. Such edge elements may be used to form openings for doors, windows or the like. in at least one planar component.

The invention is particularly applicable to architectural structures in the form of a building, wherein at least a portion of the floor of the building comprises at least one planar component, or at least one wall of the building comprises at least one planar component. The building may comprise a peripheral frame configured to receive at least one planar component, wherein the peripheral frame comprises two opposite vertical corner posts, between which at least one planar component is located.

Opposing vertical corner posts can hold unbonded panels and connectors in place and also provide vertical stiffness to the structure. Each corner post may comprise one component extending vertically the height of the building and the height of at least one flat component.

Preferably, the architectural structure comprises at least two planar components, with one of said corner posts positioned between the two planar components, the corner component being configured to receive respective adjacent edges of the planar components when the planar components are at an angle to each other.

The angle may be 120°, in which case six such corner posts complete the orthogonal structure, but as an alternative, the corner posts can be configured to place adjacent planar components at a different angle, such as 90° to each other.

A building wall may be formed by laying panels and connectors at a construction site to form said wall. Alternatively, one or more planar components containing a plurality of panels and connectors may be pre-assembled off site.

While an architectural structure or building may have an outer frame as described above, alternatively angled structural connectors, perhaps similar to the flat connectors described above, can be used to connect adjacent flat components at an appropriate angle to each other to form angles between walls, ceiling/roof or floor without the need for a separate framework.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing a building, comprising assembling a flat component to form a wall, floor or ceiling from a plurality of identical isosceles panels, each having the shape of an isosceles triangle with angles of 30°-120°-30° , and from a plurality of identical right angle panels, each of which has the shape of a right triangle with angles of 30°-60°-90°, and the method includes the step of assembling the panels using intermediate connecting elements without any binder.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described solely by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 illustrates an isosceles panel (B) transferred to a hexagon;

fig. 2 illustrates a right angle panel (A) transferred to another area of the hexagon shown in FIG. 1;

fig. 3 illustrates the use of several isosceles panels (B) and right angle panels (A), together with their respective connectors, to cover the entire area of the hexagon shown in FIG. 1 and 2;

fig. 4 is a perspective view of an isosceles panel (B);

fig. 5 is a right angle perspective view of the panel (A);

fig. 6 is a perspective view of a small connector (C);

fig. 7 is a perspective view of the middle connector (D);

fig. 8 is a perspective view of a large connector (E);

- 3 040648 fig. 9 is a perspective view of a plurality of connection disks (I-P);

fig. 10 illustrates the edging of an isosceles panel (B) with three connectors and three connector discs;

fig. 11 is an exploded view of the components shown in FIG. 10;

fig. 12 is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 10;

fig. 13 is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. eleven;

fig. 14 illustrates a panel (A) edging with a right angle of three connectors and three connector discs;

fig. 15 is an exploded view of the components shown in FIG. 14;

fig. 16 illustrates how a right angle panel (A) and an isosceles panel (B) can be positioned adjacent to each other and connected by a respective connector with respective additional connectors and connector disks positioned around the two panels;

fig. 17 is an exploded view of the components shown in FIG. 16;

fig. 18 illustrates the placement of various panels, connectors, connector discs and edge pieces;

fig. 19 is an exploded view of the components shown in FIG. 18;

fig. 20A illustrates the use of a hexagon to create a grid;

fig. 20B illustrates some of the possible shapes that can be obtained using panels and connectors superimposed on the grid shown in FIG. 20A;

fig. 21 is an architectural structure in the form of a building constructed from the components shown in FIG. 1-19;

fig. 22 and 23 illustrate possible floor plans for the building shown in FIG. 24;

fig. 24 is an architectural structure in the form of a building constructed from a plurality of structures similar to the structure shown in FIG. 21;

fig. 25 is a perspective view of the frame corner connector (Q), the first frame connector (R), the second frame connector (T), and the third frame connector (U) of the buildings shown in FIG. 21 and 24;

fig. 26 illustrates the floor and six frame corner connectors (Q) of the building shown in FIG. 21;

fig. 27 illustrates a pre-assembled flat roof component of the building shown in FIG. 21;

fig. 28 illustrates a pre-assembled flat back wall component of the building shown in FIG. 21;

fig. 29 is a perspective view of a small edge piece (F), a middle edge piece (G), and a large edge piece (H);

fig. 30 illustrates a pre-assembled planar wall component of the building shown in FIG. 21, with some of the edge elements shown in FIG. 29 form a doorway;

fig. 31 is similar to FIG. 30 but illustrates the edge elements forming the window opening;

fig. 32 illustrates the use of the edge elements shown in FIG. 29 to form a large opening in the wall of the building shown in FIG. 21;

fig. 33 and 34 illustrate further examples of the use of the edge elements shown in FIG. 29;

fig. 35 is a perspective view of an architectural structure in the form of a square building in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 36 is a sectional perspective view illustrating some components of the building shown in FIG. 35;

fig. 37-49 illustrate detailed views of each of the above components.

Let us turn to Fig. 1 which illustrates the isosceles panel (B) transferred to hexagon section 1. The isosceles panel (B) has a 120° apex.

Fig. 2 illustrates a right angle panel (A) having 30°, 60° and 90° vertices, transferred to the same hexagon 1 as in FIG. 1. As seen in FIG. 1 and 2, an isosceles panel (B) and a right angle panel (A) essentially cover the entire lower half of hexagon 1, and two corresponding panels (A) and (B) may be positioned to cover the upper half of hexagon 1, as seen in Fig. 1 and 2.

At the bottom in Fig. 3 the right angle panel (A) and the isosceles panel (B) are placed adjacent to each other, with the other two panels (A) and (B) similarly positioned at the top of the figure, so that if they were transferred to the hexagon, shown in FIG. 1 and 2, they would essentially cover the entire hexagon 1.

Fig. 3 further illustrates the placement of connecting elements (C), (D) and (E) in three different sizes, shown in perspective in FIG. 6, 7 and 8 respectively, between and around the panel (A) with

- 4 040648 right angle and isosceles panel (B) with six connecting disks (I) located at the tops of panels (A) and (B), so that all illustrated components together form a flat component, generally designated by the reference position 2, which, as will be described later, may be part of a building in accordance with the present invention.

Let us turn to Fig. 4 and 5 which are perspective views of an isosceles panel (B) and a right angle panel (A), respectively. Consider first the isosceles panel (B) shown in FIG. 4, which comprises two outer layers 3 and 4 of molded AAC, between which there is an insulating layer, generally referred to as 5. The insulating layer itself includes two outer layers 6 and 7 of MycoBoard™ material grown on concrete layers 3 and 4 with layer 8 of MycoFoam-60°- grown between layers 6 and 7 of MycoBoard-60°-. The insulating layer 5 has a cutout in the region of the tops of the isosceles panel (B) for receiving the connecting discs (I) shown in FIG. 3 as will be described later.

Let us turn to Fig. 5, the right angle panel (A) has the same structure as the isosceles panel (B) shown in FIG. 4 and corresponding components are designated with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4.

Let us turn to Fig. 6, 7 and 8 which illustrate perspective views of the small (C), medium (D), and large (E) connector previously mentioned with reference to FIG. 3. Each of them has an I-shaped cross section, with the opposite grooves formed by the I-shaped cross section having the same width as the panels (A) and (B), and the panels (A) and (B) are inserted into connecting elements (C), (D) and (E). The connecting elements (C), (D) and (E) have a maximum dimension in the length direction, which essentially corresponds to the length of one of the sides of either the right angle panel (A) or the isosceles panel (B).

Each connecting element (C), (D) and (E) shown in FIG. 6, 7 and 8, contains anterior and posterior diamond-shaped flat areas with an orthogonal area continuing between them. This orthogonal section is cut at the ends to receive the connecting discs (I) shown in FIG. 3.

Let us turn to Fig. 9 which illustrates a perspective view of one of the connecting disks (I) and seven other partial connecting disks including: three quarters of the disk (J); half disc (K); disc (L) with 30° angle; disk (M) with an angle of 60; disc (N) with 120° angle; disc (O) with 150° angle; and disc (P) with 240° angle. The function of the partial discs (J)-(P) will become apparent from the description of the following figures. All connecting disks are made of heat-insulating material.

Let us turn to Fig. 10 which illustrates the bordering of the isosceles panel (B) by the middle connecting member (D) shown in FIG. 7 with two small connectors (C) shown in FIG. 6 and three connecting discs (I). These components are shown exploded in FIG. 11 and in perspective in FIG. 12 and 13, with FIG. 12 and 13 perhaps most clearly illustrate the insertion of the isosceles panel (B) into the slots of the connectors.

Fig. 14 and 15 correspond to FIG. 10 and 11, respectively, but illustrate the connectors and connector disks framing the panel (A) at a right angle.

Fig. 16 and 17 are similar to FIGS. 14 and 15, but illustrate a right angle panel (A) adjacent to an isosceles panel (B), with an intermediate connector (D) in between.

Let us turn to Fig. 18 and 19, which are similar to FIG. 16 and 17, but illustrate a more complex design containing many more components. The two structures shown in Fig. 18, one of which is mirrored above the other, form the flat wall component 9 illustrated in FIG. 33 forming the right wall of the building illustrated in FIG. 21 as described below.

Fig. 18 and 19 illustrate additional components in the form of middle edge elements (G), each of which essentially corresponds to half of one of the middle connecting elements (D). They are used to provide straight edges to the window opening shown in FIG. 33. FIG. 18 and 19 also illustrate the use of a 150° connection disc (O). This is necessary because if a full connecting disk (I) were used instead, it would protrude into the window area (see FIG. 18).

Referring next to FIG. 20A, which illustrates the generation of a grid by extrapolating lines that intersect the vertices of a hexagon and extrapolating lines that in turn intersect the intersections of those lines. Fig. 20B illustrates the superposition of variously shaped structures formed from the components described above on the grid shown in FIG. 20A.

Let us turn to Fig. 21, which illustrates an architectural structure in accordance with the present invention in the form of a building generally designated by reference numeral 11. The octagonal structure in plan view is one of the easiest to construct from the components described above. However, from the ground floor plan shown in FIG. 22 of the top floor plan shown in FIG. 23 and a perspective view of the building generally indicated by 12 in FIG. 24, it is clear that the building 11 shown in FIG. 21 can be used as the main module of a larger building such as illustrated in FIG. 24.

Building 11 shown in FIG. 21 has a floor and roof containing flat hexagonal compo-

Claims (23)

meshes, which may be pre-assembled from the above-described components or, in the case of the open roof structure 12, similar components. Building 11 further comprises wall panels 9, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 of several types (panels 15, 16 and 17 are not visible, but can be seen in building 12 shown in Fig. 24 or building 18 shown in Fig. .35, which are described below). The structures of the right wall panel 9 have been described previously with reference to FIGS. 18, 19 and 33. Other wall panels 13-17 are similar. However, as will be clear from FIG. 21, the building 11 shown in FIG. 21 contains six corner connectors (Q) in addition to the flat roof, floor and wall panels, only four of which can be seen in FIG. 21. One of these is illustrated in perspective in FIG. 25 and also in FIG. 25 shows several views of frame connectors (R), (T) and (U) which form the upper and lower outer edges of the building 11 shown in FIG. 21. Fig. 26 illustrates the placement of six frame corner connectors (Q) around the floor panel 10. Also from FIG. 26 it will be understood how the various frame connectors (T), (R), and (U) shown in FIG. 25 may be arranged around the lower and upper frame perimeters to provide the structure of the building 11 shown in FIG. 21. Unless the wall panels are to be assembled on site, the pre-assembled wall panels must be inserted at the same time as the frame corner connectors (Q) are being assembled. Let us turn to Fig. 27 which illustrates the roof panel 12 of the building illustrated in FIG. 21 and fig. 28 illustrates the fully enclosed rear wall panel 16 of the building 18 shown in FIG. 35. Fig. 29 illustrates perspective views of the small edge piece (F), the middle edge piece (G), and the large edge piece (H) which are used to frame openings in wall panels 9, 13, 14, 15 and 17, and these panels are shown in more detail. in the corresponding Figs. 30-34. Up to this point, only buildings 11 and 24 have been considered, each containing a hexagonal structure. However, the invention is equally applicable to buildings of other shapes, such as a square building, generally indicated by reference numeral 18 in FIG. 35 and shown partially assembled in FIG. 36. The various components described above can be seen in more detail in FIG. 37-49. The dimensions indicated in the figures are given by way of example only and correspond to the specific constructions described above. However, it should be understood that even for the same structures, the dimensions of all components can be increased or decreased. Several examples of the present invention are described by way of example only, and it should be understood that many modifications and changes may be made, which will be included in the scope of the present invention, which is defined in the following claims. CLAIM 1. An architectural structure containing at least one essentially flat component in the form of a wall, floor or ceiling, and said at least one flat component is formed from a plurality of isosceles panels (B) of the same size, each of which has the shape of an isosceles triangle with angles of 30°-120°-30°, multiple panels (A) with right angles of the same size, each of which has the shape of a right triangle with angles of 30°-60°90°, and a plurality of connecting elements (C, D, E) , separate from isosceles panels (B) and right angle panels (A) and located between adjacent panels of said plurality of isosceles panels (B) and said plurality of right angle panels (A) to hold the panels in place without the need for an adhesive between adjacent panels, each connecting element (C, D, E) having an I-shaped cross-section, which forms two adjacent grooves; each slot receives an edge of the corresponding panel and has a width approximately equal to the width of that edge; the edges of two adjacent panels in the corresponding grooves of the connecting element clamp the jumper of this connecting element, at least one panel (A) with a right angle is surrounded on each side by other panels from the mentioned set of isosceles panels (B) and the mentioned set of panels (A) with a straight angle, and the length of the second long side of each right angle panel (A) is equal to the length of the base of each isosceles panel (B). 2. Architectural structure according to claim 1, wherein the entire planar component, except for the peripheral edge portion, consists of and is substantially filled with non-overlapping panels from said plurality of isosceles panels (B) and right angle panels (A). 3. An architectural structure according to claim 1, in which a plurality of panels have middle sections between the outer large faces, and these middle sections have cutouts as part of a circumferential - 6 040648 sti formed at each vertex, wherein said at least one flat component further comprises a plurality of round disks of the same thickness as the cutouts of the middle sections, and the round disks are located between adjacent vertices of adjacent panels and placed in the cut out sections. 4. An architectural structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the length of the long side of the right angle panels (A) is approximately 1.2 times the length of the long side of the isosceles panels (B). 5. An architectural structure according to any one of the preceding claims, in which each connecting element (C, D, E) contains a flat front section and a flat rear section, as well as an orthogonal section extending between the front and rear sections to form the edge of the panel mentioned for receiving, wherein the width of each slot is substantially equal to the thickness of the panel. 6. Architectural structure according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the flat front and back sections of the connecting elements (C, D, E) has sufficient extent to cover any small gaps between adjacent panels (A, B). 7. An architectural structure according to claim 5 or 6, in which the flat front and rear sections of each connecting element (C, D, E) are aligned with each other. 8. An architectural structure according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the outermost ends of the flat front and rear sections of each connecting element form an angle of 30°. 9. An architectural structure according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the flat front and rear sections of each connecting element (C, D, E) are trapezoidal in shape. 10. An architectural structure according to any one of claims 4 to 9, containing connecting elements (C, D, E) of three types, which are essentially identical in shape, but have three different sizes, each of which has a maximum size slightly exceeding the size of one of the edges of the panel. 11. An architectural structure according to any one of claims 4 to 9, containing connecting elements (C, D, E) of the same general type, the corresponding sets of which can be located end to end, so that their total length has a maximum size slightly exceeding the length of each of the edges panels. 12. Architectural structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each connecting element (C, D, E) has an I-shaped cross-sectional profile in a plane orthogonal to the plane of the planar component. 13. An architectural structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each connecting element (C, D, E) is homogeneous and is made by casting or moulding. 14. Architectural structure according to claim 13, in which each connecting element (C, D, E) is made of concrete. 15. An architectural structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each panel (A, B) is a structurally insulating panel containing two outer layers (3, 4) and an inner insulating layer (5). 16. Architectural structure according to claim 15, in which the outer layers (3, 4) are made of concrete. 17. An architectural structure according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the insulation layer (5) is a natural renewable material. 18. An architectural structure according to claims 15, 16 or 17, in which the insulating layer (5) comprises two outer insulating layers of mycelium board and an inner layer of mycelium foam. 19. An architectural structure according to claims 15, 16, 17 or 18, in which the insulating layer (5) has a cutout formed at each vertex in the form of a part of a circle, and in which said at least one flat component further comprises a plurality of round disks of of insulating material of the same thickness as the insulating layers, with circular disks located between adjacent tops of adjacent panels (A, B). 20. Architectural structure according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one peripheral frame for receiving the edge of said at least one flat component, and said at least one peripheral frame contains a plurality of components made on the outside with a shape to provide a straight edge and having an inner edge shaped to receive a flat component. 21. An architectural structure according to any of the preceding claims, containing a plurality of connecting elements (C, D, E) located between adjacent panels (A, B), and a plurality of eight edge elements, each of which correspond in shape and size to half of one of connecting elements (C, D, E) located between adjacent panels (A, B), and these edge elements are put on the edge of the panel and provide a smooth edge of the panel. 22. An architectural structure according to any one of the preceding claims, made in the form of a building, wherein at least a section of the ceiling or roof of the building contains said at least one flat component. 23. An architectural structure according to any one of the preceding claims, made in the form of a building, wherein at least a section of the floor of the building contains said at least one flat component. -