EA033958B1 - Drilling machine with laser control of pilot drilling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of trenchless laying and/or replacement of underground pipelines and is intended to control the direction of movement of the piercing head of the drilling tool in real time. The technical result: laying curvilineal holes and pipes of gravity sewers by return motion after pilot drilling, control of drilling process and increased accuracy of retaining the pilot drilling tool at a design elevation. A power unit 1 is located in an installation box 2 and includes a hydraulic power device 10 connected kinematically with a drilling rod 3 containing a cylindrical through cavity 31 for passing the laser beam. The drilling rod 3, a piercing head 4 are connected with each other and with the power unit 1 by a threaded connection. An autonomous module of a capture sensor 6 is fixed in the piercing head 4 of the pilot drilling tool. A guiding carrier device of the power unit 1 is made in the form of a frame 22, on which hydraulic cylinders 25, a carriage 23, stoppers 24, a control console 8 and an operator panel 7 are mounted. A laser emitting device 5 for control of drilling is located in an autonomous sealed assembly 32 and is connected functionally with the operator panel 7 to display the information about the position of the piercing head 4 of the pilot drilling tool.

Description

The invention relates to the field of trenchless laying and / or replacement of underground pipelines using drilling machines, and is intended to control in real time the direction of movement of the piercing head of the pilot drill during the passage of wells and ensure the correct azimuth of drilling.

A device for observing the walls of a borehole is known [1]. The device comprises a light source, a television camera, lowered into the well on a cable, a television image receiver and a system for orienting the image of the walls of the well relative to the cardinal points. The orientation system of the image of the borehole walls relative to the cardinal points is made in the form of a hollow cone of translucent material. At the top of the cone there is a television camera with a viewing angle capturing its lower part, and a laser emitter mounted on the wellhead with the possibility of moving the laser beam in a plane passing through the center of the base of the cone. The direction of movement of the laser beam is oriented relative to the cardinal points. The laser emitter is moved by means of a drive, while the laser beam is moved at an angle α in the plane passing through the center of the base of the cone, and the viewing angle β of the TV camera provides observation of the borehole walls and the lower part of the cone.

A disadvantage of the known analogue is the complexity of the application for real-time control of the direction of movement of the piercing head of the pilot drill in the process of drilling wells.

A device is proposed for recording the parameters of the movement of the drill bit of a drilling machine when drilling wells in real time using a laser [2]. The device comprises a drill jig, at one end of which a bracket is installed in the center, and the other front end is placed in the clamp of the drilling device. The drill bit retainer and auxiliary power devices are located on the drill jig. A laser sensor for displacement control is located on the upper part of the front end of the drill jig. The standard target is located on one straight line with a laser displacement transducer, and the drill rod is mounted on the rear of the auxiliary head of the auxiliary device. The laser sensor is wired to a data processing device. When drilling, the distance between the laser displacement transducer and the drill bit is reduced and thus values are generated that display the offset of the drill bit, the received offset data is transmitted via cable to the terminal for processing and analysis.

The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty of adapting its design for use in drilling wells during trenchless laying or replacing underground pipelines, since drilling machines of this class are not suitable for drilling vertical wells.

Also known is a system for automatic monitoring of drilling [3]. The system includes a base for a drilling machine, a feed mechanism, a chuck with a clip for a drill rod and a microcomputer for monitoring with a processor for processing signals, an inclinometer and a laser sensor mounted on the side surface and rear wall of the drilling machine. The system is also equipped with a device with an interrupt circuit for controlling a laser sensor and a board with a laser reflector, which is mounted on the side surface of the moving platform in the head of the drilling machine with the possibility of moving back and forth together with the drill of the drilling machine.

The inclinometer is installed parallel to the drill rod, the clamp, cartridge and feeder are connected to the device with a circuit interruption circuit, respectively, through the hydraulic pipe of the hydraulic cylinder, the clamping chuck pipe and the hydraulic wire of the feeder, and the circuit of the device with the interrupt circuit is connected to the laser sensor.

A disadvantage of the known analogues is the difficulty of adapting to control in real time the direction of movement of the puncture head of the pilot drill during drilling while trenchless laying or replacing underground pipelines, since drilling machines of this class are not suitable for drilling vertical wells.

Closest to the proposed invention, a reconciliation device intended for use with a drilling rig, selected as a prototype [4]. The device comprises a power unit mounted on a guiding carrier, a drill rod with a puncture head, which are interconnected by a fastening means, and a laser with a alignment device, a reader and / or a follower and a deviation reader (inclinometer). The device is equipped with an elongated drill rod and contains at least one laser emitting device, which is arranged to move only in one plane, and the fastening means provide for fastening the puncture head unit to the drilling rig. The device for laser alignment made with the possibility of its use for alignment of at least the azimuth of the drill rod relative to the surveying signs. The laser emitting device may be a rotary or stationary laser configured to emit a laser beam. The device for laser alignment verifies the angle of inclination and deviation of the drill rod in a horizontal plane, i.e. the slope and azimuth of the drill rod, for which it is equipped with a digital inclinometer, which is attached to the laser unit and ensures an accurate elevation angle or inclination of the drilling rig. After attaching the inclinometer to the laser unit, it can also be removed before the rig is activated. In addition or as an alternative, guiding devices can be used after alignment with the laser device. A drilling rig typically comprises a pair of parallel steel feed rails and a trolley that typically travels along these rails. The laser alignment device is usually attached to the feed rails, however, it can be made attached to any part of the rig mainly using magnetic mounting. In practice, it is envisaged that in most cases the laser unit is attached to one guide carrier - the feed frames of the rig, while the feed frames are made of steel.

A disadvantage of the known device is a narrow scope, since it is not adapted for drilling wells during trenchless laying or replacement of underground pipelines. The disadvantage is also the low noise immunity from external influences during operation of both the laser unit of the emitting device and the monitoring means — a deviation reader (digital inclinometer), a reader and / or a direction repeater.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages and improve the accuracy of the passage of wells during trenchless laying of underground pipelines. The task is also to lay pipes using the auger drilling method.

The technical result of the invention is the ability to perform work on laying curved wells and pulling gravity drain pipes backwards after pilot drilling and monitoring the drilling process with the output of data on the length of the well in real time. The technical result is to increase the accuracy of the work due to the possibility of keeping it at the design level in the plan and in the profile of the pilot drill at the inlet of the pipe being laid into the drilled well and adjusting its movement in the well.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a drilling machine with laser control of pilot drilling is presented, including a power unit mounted on a guide carrier, a drill rod with a puncture head, which are connected to each other by a fastening means, and a laser emitting device with a alignment device, according to the invention, the power unit contains a hydraulic power device, which is kinematically connected with the drill rod, while the mounting means for connecting the power plant, drilling the rod and the puncture head are threaded, and the drill rod contains a cylindrical through cavity for the passage of the laser beam and can be connected through a stop to a controlled or uncontrolled borehole expander, while an autonomous capture sensor module is fixedly fixed in the puncture head of the pilot drill; guide carrier means is made in the form of a guide frame with front and rear stops, on which kinematically connected hydraulic cylinders, carriage, stoppers, control panel and operator panel, which is a computer, are mounted; The laser emitting device is located in an autonomous sealed unit and includes a laser with integrated receivers functionally connected to the operator panel, which is configured to display real-time information about the project axis and the puncture head of the pilot drill, the position of which in space is specified by the laser emitting device.

The power plant is located in the mounting box with the ability to protect it from external influences, and the computer is a personal computer, or tablet, or laptop, made in a protected case.

The mounting box is equipped with a removable floor and is configured to increase in height by installing lifting boxes, while the power unit is attached to the floor by means of adjustable stops and braces.

The power plant is equipped with a spindle with the ability to install an adapter for replacing tubular drill rods with solid metal drill rods.

The spindle is made with the possibility of installing an adapter for mounting screws with a mill.

The augers are connected to the gripper through a casing pipe, which is equipped with fixing stops for installation in a drilled well with the possibility of pulling back new pipes.

The drill rod contains flats for a spanner and installation of a movable sleeve, and is also equipped with a roller meter for measuring the length of the drilling with the ability to display data on the length of the puncture performed in real time on the operator panel.

The uncontrolled borehole expander is single-sided multi-stage and rigidly fastened to the drill rod by means of an abutment with the possibility of pulling the pipe backwards after pilot drilling.

The controllable well expander is equipped with extendable wings and is made stepwise with the possibility of laser monitoring and adjusting its position in plan and profile when moving in the ground.

The guide frame contains guiding elements and windows, matched in size with the stoppers and step by step with the power cylinders of the power plant for step-by-step movement along

- 2 033958 guide frame of the carriage and stoppers.

The drilling machine includes a mechanical load, which is configured to be installed in the receiving pit and is functionally connected to the stacked pipe to keep it at the design level in the plan and profile at the entrance to the drilled well.

A laser emitting device is installed between the rear pair of stops of the guide frame of the power plant with the possibility of directing the laser beam along the central axis of the cylindrical through cavity of the drill rod through the alignment device.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the placement of a drilling machine in a mounting box; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser drilling pilot drilling machine; FIG. 3 is a plan view of the layout of a drilling machine; FIG. 4 is a view of a ring wrench, in FIG. 5 is a diagram of an installation of a one-sided multi-stage uncontrolled expander; FIG. 6 is a installation diagram of a stepped controlled expander; FIG. 7 is a view of a step expander with a control link; FIG. 8 is a diagram of a mechanical load installation; FIG. 9 is a diagram of an adapter installation; FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a laser emitting device; FIG. 11 is a diagram of a pipe tightening after a pilot puncture; FIG. 12 is an installation diagram of an adapter with screws and a mill, FIG. 13 is a diagram of the tightening of a new pipe in reverse by means of augers with a grip, in FIG. 14 is a view of a tubular drill rod.

The drilling machine includes a power unit 1 mounted in an mounting box 2 on adjustable front and rear stops 9, a power device 10, a guiding carrier means a guiding frame 22 with a carriage 23, a drill rod 3 with a cylindrical through cavity 31 and a puncture head 4 connected between a threaded fastening means (not shown in the drawing), while the drill rod 3 is made with a flat 21 for a spanner wrench 19 and install a movable sleeve 20, which is also equipped with a roller meter 13 of the length of the drilling; a laser emitting device 5 with a alignment device 27, mounted between the rear pair of controlled stops 9 of the guide frame 22; the guide frame 22 contains guide elements 38 and windows 39, matched in size with the stoppers 24 and stepwise with the power cylinders 25 of the power plant 1 for stepwise movement of the carriage 23 and the stoppers 24; a drill rod 3, which is connected through an abutment 29 to a controllable 16 or uncontrolled 11 well reamer, the controllable reamer 16 is made stepwise and provided with extendable wings 17 to adjust its position in plan and profile when moving in the ground; autonomous capture sensor module 6 mounted in the puncture head 4 of the pilot drill; kinematically connected hydraulic cylinders 25 of the power device 10, the carriage 23, the stoppers 24, the control panel 8 and the operator panel 7; a laser emitting device 5 in an autonomous sealed unit 32 with a laser 33 and integrated receivers 34; the operator panel 7 in the form of a computer (personal computer, or tablet, or laptop) is placed in a protected case 37; mounting box 2 with lifting boxes 46, removable floor 18 and extensions 40 for mounting the power plant 1; an adapter 14 for mounting screws 42 equipped with a jaw 45 and a milling cutter 43 mounted on the spindle 26 when replacing the tubular drill rods 3 with solid metal drill rods 15; casing 44 with fixing stops 47 for installation in a drilled well with the possibility of pulling backward new pipes 30 from the receiving pit.

Drilling machine with laser control pilot drilling works as follows.

The assembly box 2 is pre-assembled with a removable floor 18 on the surface, and then it is lowered into the starting pit (see Fig. 11). Depending on the depth of the pit, the formwork is heightened using the lifting boxes 46, which are installed on the mounting box 2.

A laser emitting device 5, including a laser 33, integrated receivers 34 mounted in an autonomous sealed unit 32, with a alignment device 27 (Fig. 10) are installed on the prepared base in the starting pit (Fig. 11). The installation site of the emitting device 5 with the laser 33 is carefully compacted or concreted to protect it from vibrations and prevent deviation from the project axis 35 of the direction of the well puncture. Then, using the adjustments on the alignment device 27, the laser 33 is precisely tuned and the necessary design axis 35 of the well is set with the laser beam 36 for laying the pipe 30.

The power plant 1 for protection against external influences is lowered and placed in the mounting box 2, where it is unfastened by means of adjustable stops 9 and extensions 40 along the axis of the puncture direction in plan and profile. The stand-alone sensor module 6 is fixed motionless in the puncture head 4, and by means of the spindle 26, the movable sleeve 20 and the spanner 19, made under the flats 21 on the drill rods 3 or solid metal 15 rods, twist together and with the puncture head 4. On the drill the rod 3 is also equipped with a roller meter 13 for drilling length distance 3 0 to output data on the length of the completed puncture in real time to the operator panel 7 (Fig. 9). In the process of operation of the drilling machine on the operator panel 7, a computer in the form of a personal computer, or tablet, or laptop, located in the protected case 37, real-time information is displayed on the location of the puncture head 4 of the pilot drill relative to the project axis 35, which is set by a laser beam 36.

After preparing for the operation of the drilling rig, a well is drilled. To do this, they press into the soil while rotating the drill rod 3 with the puncture head 4 through the spindle 26 of the carriage 23, which is kinematically connected with the hydraulic power device 10. The movement of the carriage 23 is carried out step by step using the power hydraulic cylinders 25 due to the fact that the hydraulic power device 10 is closed in the windows 39 of the guide elements 38 on the guide frame 22 by means of stoppers 24. Measurement of the distance of the length of the drilling 3 is carried out by a roller meter 13 of the length of the drilling, mounted on the lash of drilling rods 3, while the operator panel 7 in real time displays data on the length of the puncture. Pilot drilling is controlled by maintaining a puncture direction coaxial with the laser beam 36. During the pilot puncture, the actual position of the puncture head 4 relative to the project axis 35 is continuously monitored on the operator panel 7 by receiving a signal from the autonomous sensor module 6 and, if necessary, adjusting the pilot drill head rate by manipulating the rotation and translational movement of the rods 3.

After the completion of the pilot puncture in the receiving pit (Fig. 8), an uncontrolled 11 (Fig. 5) or controlled expander 16 (Fig. 1, 7) is installed in place of the dismantled puncture head 4, which are connected to the drill rods 3 using the stop 29. When the installation of the controlled expander 16 in an emphasis 29 motionlessly secures the autonomous sensor module 6. The stacked pipe 30 is fixed in the expander with screws and fixed coaxially to the projected axis of puncture 35 by a mechanical load 12 (Fig. 8). The load 12 is placed in the receiving pit in such a way as to functionally ensure installation and retention at the design level in the plan and profile of the pipe 30 to be laid at the entrance to the drilled well. A controlled expander 16 when tightening a new pipe in reverse allows adjustments in the plan and profile of the pipe 30 to be laid in the ground relative to the design axis 35 by means of extendable wings 17.

The drilling machine allows the pipe to be laid after a pilot puncture by drilling a well with a cutter 43 and simultaneously forcing the casing 44 and transporting the soil with screws 42 (Figs. 12, 13). In this method, an adapter 41 is installed on the spindle 26 of the power unit 1 for mounting the screws 42 with the cutter 43. The cutter 43 connects the drill rods 3 laid along the drilling axis and the casing 44, inside which the screws 42 are located. The operator presses the pipes 44 in the direction specified by the drill rods 3, and the soil is crushed by a mill 43 and transported by screws 42 to the starting pit, while the drill rods 3 hold the pipes 44 from displacement from the drilling axis and gradually extrude as the length of the casing 44 increases, and then they are dismantled of the receiving pit. Upon completion of drilling, the cutter 43 is dismantled and a grip 45 is installed on the screws 42 with a fixed new pipe 30. A new pipe 30 is laid inside the casing 44 as the screws 42 are removed into the starting pit. When removing the screws 42, the casing 44 is held by the locking stops 47 in the power plant 1. After the installation of the new pipe 30 is completed, the casing 44 is removed from the well into the starting pit. It is possible to tighten a new pipe 30 with a grip 45 into the drilled well when the screws 42 are removed and dismantled in the starting pit together with the casing 44.

The drilling machine also performs curvilinear punctures with radar navigation, while an additional special tool is installed on the spindle 26 of adapter 14 to control the movement of the puncture head 4 of the pilot drill (not shown in the drawing), and the tubular drill rods 3 are replaced with all-metal rods 15. Replacing the rods with all-metal 15 also allows the replacement of old pipelines by the method of destruction with the simultaneous tightening of a new pipe 30.

The advantage of this drilling machine over analogues and prototype is that the installation of the drilling machine in boxing 2 formwork allows you to reduce the dimensions of the pit and carry out work in the conditions of urban space constraint, and also does not require compaction and concreting of the persistent surfaces of the pit, which significantly reduces time and economic preparatory work costs. The installation of formwork in the pit prevents soil slipping and allows for construction work in protected conditions. The drilling rig allows a straightforward pilot puncture with high accuracy of slope control thanks to the use of an innovative laser control system. The system allows you to track and display in real time information about the location of the puncture head 4 of the pilot drill relative to the project axis 35 defined by the laser beam 36.

An advantage of the invention over analogues of known screw machines is the ability to carry out reverse-flow pipe laying by tightening immediately after pilot drilling using unguided reamers 11 or controlled 4,033,958 reamers 16. By replacing the tubular rods 3 with all-metal rods 15, the drilling machine has the ability to perform curved punctures with radar navigation (not shown in the drawing), as well as change old pipelines by destruction with their replacement with new pipes having an increased diameter of 1-2 sizes. A distinctive feature of the drilling rig is operation at low temperatures without the need for drilling fluids based on water, bentonite or polymers. The drilling machine can perform a number of tasks for which several types of similar equipment were previously used.

Sources of information.

1. RU No. 2326243 C1, 06/10/2008.

2. CN No. 20102661193 U, 12/15/2010.

3. CN No. 103556981 A, 02/05/2014.

4. RU No. 2534551 C2, 11.27.2014 (prototype).

Claims (12)

1. A drilling machine with laser control of pilot drilling, including a power unit (1) mounted on a guide carrier, a drill rod (3) with a puncture head (4), which are interconnected by a fastening means, and a laser emitting device (5) with alignment device (27), characterized in that the power unit (1) contains a hydraulic power device (10), which is kinematically connected with the drill rod (3), while the mounting means for connecting the power unit (1), the drill rod (3) and puncture head (4) you threaded, and the drill rod (3) contains a cylindrical through cavity (31) for the passage of the laser beam and can be connected through an emphasis (29) with a controllable (16) or uncontrolled (11) borehole expander, while in the puncture head (4) of the pilot the drill fixedly mounted autonomous capture sensor module (6); the guide carrier means is made in the form of a guide frame (22) with front and rear stops (9), on which kinematically connected hydraulic cylinders (25), carriage (23), stoppers (24), control panel (8) and the operator panel are mounted (7) which is a computer; the laser emitting device (5) is located in an autonomous sealed unit (32) and includes a laser (33) with integrated receivers (34) functionally connected to the operator panel (7), which is configured to display visual information in real time on the location of the puncture head (4) a pilot drill relative to the design axis (35) defined by the laser beam (36). 2. The drilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the power unit is located in the mounting box (2) with the possibility of protecting it from external influences, and the computer is a personal computer, or tablet, or laptop, made in a protected case (37) . 3. Drilling machine according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the mounting box (2) is equipped with a removable floor (18) and is configured to increase in height by installing lifting boxes (46), while the power unit (1) by means of adjustable stops (9) and extensions (40) attached to the floor (18). 4. The drilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the power unit (1) is equipped with a spindle (26) with the possibility of installing an adapter (14) for replacing tubular drill rods (3) with solid metal drill rods (15). 5. Drilling machine according to any one of claims 1 or 4, characterized in that the spindle (26) is configured to install an adapter (41) for mounting screws (42) with a mill (43). 6. Drilling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the screws (42) are connected to the grip (45) through the casing (44), which is equipped with fixing stops (47) for installation in the drilled well with the possibility of pulling backward new pipes ( thirty). 7. The drilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the drill rod (3) contains flats (21) for a ring spanner (19) and installation of a movable sleeve (20), and is also equipped with a roller meter (13) of the length of the drilling with the possibility outputting data on the length of the performed puncture in real time to the operator panel (7). 8. The drilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the uncontrolled reamer (11) of the well is made multilateral one-way and rigidly fastened to the drill rod (3) by means of an abutment (29) with the possibility of pulling the pipe (30) backward after pilot drilling and ensuring a minimum deviations in plan and profile relative to the design axis (35). 9. The drilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the controllable expander (16) of the well is provided with extendable wings (17) and is made stepwise with the possibility of laser monitoring and adjusting its position in plan and profile when moving in the ground. 10. The drilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide frame (22) contains guide elements (38) and windows (39), matched in size with the stoppers (24) and step by step with the power hydraulic cylinders (25) of the power plant ( 1), for step-by-step movement along the guide frame (22) of the carriage (23) and stoppers (24). - 5,033,958 11. The drilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a mechanical load (12), which is configured to be installed in the receiving pit and is functionally connected to the pipe being laid (30) to keep it at the design level in the plan and profile at the entrance to drilled well. 12. The drilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser emitting device (5) is installed between the rear pair of stops (9) of the guide frame (22) of the power unit (1) with the possibility of directing the laser beam (36) along the central axis of the cylindrical through cavity (31) of the drill rod (3) through the alignment device (27).